Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Aim
To verify the application of freudlich equation for adsorption of acetic acid on activated carbon
and to determine the value of constants k and n in equation for adsorption at room
temperature.
Apparatus
Reagent bottles, beaker shaker, Burette, filtering funnel, conical flask, pipette, volumetric flask,
weighing balance.
Chemicals required
Theory
In liquids, adsorption isotherm are important since no appreciable volume change of the liquid
occurs, which might be used as measure of adsorption. Withdrawal of the solid and weigh
When an adsorbent is mixed with a binary solution adsorption of both solvent and solution
occurs. Since the total adsorption cannot be measured the relative or apparent adsorption is
determined instead. The customary procedure is to treat a known weight of adsorbent, V am3
of solution/ gm of adsorbent.
The solute concentration of the solvent is observed to fall from the initial value Co to the final
value C*in the liquid. (C is the concentration expressed in gm of solute/ cm 3 of solvent). The
apparent adsorption of solute, neglecting any adsorption of solvent is v (Co – C*) g of solute
adsorbed per gram of adsorbent. This is satisfactory for dilute solutions where the fraction of
original solvent which may be adsorbed is small. Over a small concentration range and
particularly for dilute solution. The adsorption isotherm may be described by an empirical
expression usually attributed to Freudlich C* = k[v(C0- C*)]n
K and n are constants at a particular temperature. It is noted that n is independent of units and
k has same units as that of C0 and C*.
Procedure
Prepare 0.5N oxalic acid solution by weighing accurately about 15.75g of crystalline oxalic acid
and transferring to a 500ml standard flask. Dissolve with distilled water and make up the mark.
Calculate its exact weight.
Standardization of approximately 0.1N KMnO4: Wash a 50ml burette first with distilled water
and then rinse it with given potassium permanganate solution. Fill the burette to a convenient
mark with the permanganate solution after ensuring that the tip of the burette is also
completely filled with solution.
Pipette out 5 ml of the 0.5N oxalic acid into a 250ml conical flask and add about 20ml of
distilled water followed by 20ml of 1:1 sulphuric acid. Heat the contents over a hot plate to
about 600 C and titrate the hot solution against the potassium permanganate solution from the
burette till the end point is reached (appearance of a permanent pink color). Note the burette
reading and determine the amount of permanganate used. Repeat the experiment till
concordant values are obtained. Calculate the exact normality of potassium permanganate.
Adsorption studies: Clean and dry six stoppered 350 ml bottles and label them from 1 to 6.
Weigh accurately into each of them about 2 grams of finely divided charcoal.
Add by means of a burette 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 and 5ml of 0.5N of oxalic acid and 0, 10, 20, 30, 40
and 45 ml of distilled water into the bottles numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Stopper the bottles
and shake them vigorously. Keep the bottles in a trough of water at room temperature and
leave them for one hour with intermittent shaking.
Set up 6 dry funnels with dry filter paper and filter the supernatant liquid separately into 100ml
beakers. Reject the first 10ml of the filtrate since the concentration of the first fractions are
likely to be changed due to the absorption by the filter paper.
Pipette out 5ml of the filtrate collected from the bottles 1, 2and 3and 10ml collected from the
remaining bottles. Titrate the filtrate with the standardized 0.1N KMnO4 as before. Conduct the
titrations in duplicate for the filtrate of each bottle till concordant values are obtained.
CALCULATIONS:
Calculate the values of (x/m) and C2 as shown in the calculations and also C2 / (x/m).
(𝑤1−𝑤2)
Strength of oxalic acid = =
31.5
Indicator: self
End point: Appearance of permanent pale pink color
Bottle No 1 2 3 4 5 6
Vol of
standard
oxalic acid
transferred
Volume of
water added
Total
volume
Initial conc
of solution
Calculations:
Initial concentration of the solution, C1 =
𝑉2 𝑋𝑁2
Final concentration of acid by adsorption C2 =
𝑉1
Results:
Freundlich Equation
Constants k =
n=