PORTFOLIO

IN
SCIENCE 10
 ACTIVITY 6

CONVERGE
NT PLATES
BOUNDARIE
S
A tectonic boundary where two plates are moving toward
each other. If the two plates are of equal density, they
usually push up against each other, forming a mountain
chain. If they are of unequal density, one plate usually sinks
beneath the other in a subduction zone.

Continental-Continental

Continental-Continental
 In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary also known
as a destructive plate boundary, is a region of active
deformation where two or more tectonic plates or
fragments of the lithosphere are near the end of their
life cycle.
MOUNT EVEREST

MOUNT DIABLO
MOUNT RORAIMA

MOUNT HOTHAM
 MOUNT JUDI

Continental Oceanic
Continental Oceanic
 RED ISLAND MOUNTAIN

SOUTH SANDWICH ISLAND

KOMANDORSKI ISLAND

PUERTO RICO
 GALAPAGOS ISLAND

Oceanic-Oceanic
Oceanic-Oceanic
 Adjective of living in, or produced by the ocean-
oceanic current of relating to the region of water lying
above the Bathyal, Abyssal and Hendal zones of the
sea bottom. Compare necrotic pelagic.
 BANRA WUHU

MANGEHETANG VOLCANO
AXIAL SEAMOUNT
 SUBMARINE KOLUMBO

ACTIVITY 3
FIND THE CENTER
NAME: ________________________________________________ SCORE: __________
SECTION: ____________

Activity 1
Find the Center
Objective:
Locate the epicenter of an earthquake using the triangulation method.
Materials:
• hypothetical records of earthquake waves
• Philippine map
• drawing compass and ruler
Procedure:
1. Study the data showing the difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave on
three seismic recording stations.
Time difference in the arrival
Distance of epicenter from the
Recording station time of P-wave and S-wave
station (km)
(seconds)

2. Compute the distance of the epicenter from each of the stations using this formula:
d= Td x 100 km
8 seconds
Where: d = distance (km)
Td = time difference in the arrival time of P-wave and S-wave
(seconds)
This formula is suited because 8 seconds is the interval between the times of arrival of the P-
wave and S-wave at a distance of 100 km.

Q1. Where is the epicenter of this hypothetical earthquake?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Q2. What difficulty will you encounter if you only have data from two recording stations?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
In the previous activity, the hypothetical earthquake happened locally, that is why we use the
formula stated in the procedure. But, if the earthquake took place at a far greater distance,
seismologists use the distance-time graph similar to the figure below in determining the location
of the epicenter.

Distance (km) from Epicenter

The distance-time graph above shows that the S-P interval is about 10 minutes.
Q3. What is the distance of the epicenter from the seismic station?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Q4. What do you think is the importance of determining the epicenter of an earthquake?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Q5. What is the method of locating the epicenter of an earthquake using three recording stations?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
 ACTIVITY 4
LET’S MARK THE
BOUNDARIES
NAME: ________________________________________________ SCORE: __________
SECTION: ____________

Activity 2
Let’s Mark the Boundaries

Objectives:
• Describe the distribution of active volcanoes, earthquake epicenters, and major
mountain belts.
• Determine the scientific basis for dividing the Lithospheric plates.

Materials:
• Figure 5: Map of earthquake distribution
• Figure 6: Map of active volcanoes of the world
• Figure 7: Mountain ranges of the world
• 2 pieces’ plastic sheet used for book cover, same size as a book page
• marking pens (two different colors)

http://marc.fournier.free.free.fr
 Figure 5. Map of earthquake distribution (Red, green, and blue dots represent earthquake
epicenters)

Procedure:
1. Study Figure 5 showing the earthquake distribution around the world. Trace the approximate
locations of several earthquakes “clusters” using a marking pen on one of the plastic sheets.

Q5. How are earthquakes distributed on the map?

Q6. Where are they located?

Q7. Where are there no earthquakes?

Q8. Why is it important for us to identify areas which are prone to earthquakes?

http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/volc/fig34.html
Figure 6. Map of active volcanoes (Red areas represent presence of volcanoes)
2. Study the map of active volcanoes in Figure 6.
Q9. How are volcanoes distributed?

Q10. Where are they located?

Q11. Based on the map, mention a country that is unlikely to experience a volcanic eruption.

3. On the second plastic sheet, sketch the approximate locations of several volcanoes using a
marking pen.
4. Place the earthquake plastic sheet over the volcano plastic sheet.

Q12. Compare the location of majority of earthquake epicenters with the location of volcanoes
around the world.

http://www.clipart.dk.co.uk/1068/az/Earth/Mountain_ranges Figure 7.
Mountain ranges of the world

5. Study Figure 7, the orange portions indicate mountain ranges of the world.

Q13. How will you relate the distribution of mountain ranges with the distribution of earthquake
epicenters and volcanoes?
6. Now that you have seen the location of volcanoes, mountain ranges, and majority of
earthquake epicenters, study Figure 2 on page 7, Map of Plate boundaries once more.

Q14. What do you think is the basis of scientists in dividing Earth’s lithosphere into several
plates?

The places on Earth where most of the earthquakes originated or some mountains and volcanoes
were formed mark the boundaries of each lithospheric plate. As mentioned earlier, each plate is
slowly moving relative to each other, causing geologic events to happen along their boundaries.
Let’s take a look at the relative motion of the crustal plates in the figure below.

ACTIVITY 5
PLATE BOUNDARIES
TYPES OF BOUNDARY

Objectives:

1. Simulate the movement of each type of plate boundary

2. Identify the geologic features land form that each
boundary creates

Procedure:

Simulate the movement of the plate using chocolate

bar. Split the chocolate bar into two by pulling it in
half. Left the caramel that drip between the two halves.

What type of plate boundary does this represent?

Draw your observation below

Using a tooth pick, mark the part of the chocolate bar that
represents the forms it creates

What land form does this plate boundary create?

3. Using the other chocolate bar, slide the two halves into
opposite bar together until two sides bump into each
other and form an upward curve.

What type of plate boundary did you simulate?

Draw your observation

Using a toothpick, mark the part of the chocolate bar that

represent the forms it creates.

What land form does this plate boundary create?

Conclusion
I therefore conclude that the tree types of plate boundary
are
a. Convergent Plate Boundary
b. Divergent Plate Boundary
c. Transform Plate Boundary
This time push the two sides of chocolate bars together
until the two sides bump into each other and form an
upward curve. What type of Plate Boundary did you
simulate? ____________________________________________

Draw your observation.

Using a toothpick, mark the part of the chocolate bar that

represents the land form it creates. What landform does
this Plate Boundary create? ____________________________
CONCLUSION
I therefore conclude that the three types of plate
boundaries are:
a. Convergent plate boundary
b. Divergent plate boundary
c. Transform plate boundary

TYPES OF PLATE BOUNDARY EXAMPLE:

1. Convergent Plate Boundary Philippine Plate &
Eurasian Plate
2. Divergent Plate Boundary Rift Valley
3. Transform Plate Boundary Fault Line
 ACTIVITY 7
FIRST AID & SURVIVAL
KIT
First Aid Kit
A box containing equipment needed to give immediate
medical help in an emergency

first aid manual bandages

elastic bandages instant cold pack

gauze roll and pads antiseptic wipes

gloves Thermometer

Adhesives tape emergency blanket Emergency

contact information/
medical information for family members

Survival Kit
A set of equipment that will enable you to survive in
dangerous conditions

Bottled water medication blankets or sleeping bags

Toiletries canned goods manual can opener

Backpack clothing and footwear important papers/documents

Playing cards extra keys and cash

ACTIVITY 8
GRAPHING ORGANIZER
 ACTIVITY 9
SEISMIC WAVES
 ACTIVITY 10
LAYERS OF THE EARTH
 ACTIVITY 11
WEGENER’S PUZZLING
CONTINENTS
 ACTIVITY 12
CONCEPT MAP
 drilling
samples
Rock and Paleoclimate by
mountain data determini
correlation ng the
age of
the rocks

Fossil
correlation