VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
( M.E-STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING )
QUESTION BANK

I SEMESTER
ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES

Regulation – 2017

Academic Year 2018 – 19

Prepared by

Mr. G.R.Iyappan, Assistant Professor/ CIVIL

 VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK
SUBJECT : ST5001 MAINTENANCE AND REHABLITATION OF STRUCTURES
SEM / YEAR: III/ THIRD

UNIT 1 INTRODUCTION
General Consideration – Distresses monitoring – Causes of distresses – Quality assurance – Defects due to
climate, chemicals, wear and erosion – Inspection – Structural appraisal – Economic appraisal
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Define Maintenance? BT-4 understand
2. Recall about Repair? BT-3 Creating
3. Define distress in a structure? BT-1 Application
4. List the importance of Maintenance. BT-2 Evaluate
5. Describe about quality assurance. BT-3 Analyze
6. Examine the uses of economic appraisal. BT-1 Evaluate
7. Explain Rehabilitation. BT-5 understand
8. What are the classifications of distress? BT-1 Analyze
9. Discuss the effect of climate in concrete structures. BT-6 Analyze
10. Summarize the effects of chemicals in concrete structures. BT-1 Remember
11. Illustrate the important aspects of rehabilitation. BT-5 understand
12. Demonstrate about the term strength of concrete. BT-6 Application
13. Relate the effects of wear and erosion in concrete. BT-3 Remember
14. Examine the causes of distress in the structures. BT-2 Remember
15. Criticize about the steps in maintenance. BT-1 understand
16. Analyse the effects of structural appraisal. BT-2 Remember
17. Argue why quality assurance is needed? BT-1 Application
18. Evaluate the types of maintenance BT-2 Creating
19. Write about structural appraisal. BT-4 Remember
20. Conclude the concept of economic appraisal. BT-4 Remember

PART - B
1. Describe in detail about the facets of maintenance and its importance BT-4 Application
 2. Define and discuss quality assurance in concrete construction? BT-6 Remember
3. Tabulate and explain the defects due to BT-5 understand
a. Climate and (6 marks)
b. Chemicals. (7 marks)
4. a. Summarize the significance of quality assurance in building BT-3 Remember
construction? (6 marks)
b. How will this be helpful to control building distress? ( 7 marks)

5. Discuss in detail about structural appraisal and explain with a case study? BT-4 Remember

6. a. Classify the method of inspection? (5 marks) BT-1 Application

b. Explain any two non – destructive testing in concrete (8 marks)

7. Write the types of defects in concrete, masonry structures, plastering and BT-2 understand
steel structures

8. Illustrate the steps carried out in inspection? BT-2 Creating

9. Analyse the assessment procedure for evaluating a damaged structure BT-2 Evaluate

10. Explain the causes of distresses and distress monitoring with suitable BT-1 Analyze
illustrations.
11. a. Explain in detail about economic appraisal? ( 8 marks) BT-3 Remember
b. Justify why economic appraisal should be carried out? (5 marks)
12. Explain the process of wearing and erosion damages in concrete. Suggest BT-1 Remember
suitable technique
13. Evaluate
a. Tothe various
control thecauses
abovefor
twodeterioration
damages ( 7ofmarks)
concrete structures. BT-3 Applying
b. To restore concrete subjected to the above two damages (6 marks)
14. Write the causes and effects of any four defects in concrete structures. BT-4 Analyzing
PART-C

1. List the importance of maintenance. Explain the service life behaviour of BT-2 Remember
structures with respect to maintenance.

2. Explain in detail about causes and effects of any four defects in concrete. BT-4 understand

3. Draw different crack patterns in a reinforced concrete beam and explain BT-5 Application
their causes and remedial measures.
 4. Explain with a case study on distressed Highway Reinforced concrete BT-6 Creating
bridge?

UNIT 2 BUILDING CRACKS

Causes – diagnosis – remedial measures – Thermal and Shrinkage cracks – unequal loading – Vegetation and
trees – Chemical action – Foundation movements – Techniques for repair – Epoxy injection
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
1. Define crazing Level
BT-3 understand
2. Describe active cracks. BT-1 Remember
3. Tell a few words about dormant cracks. BT-1 Remember
4. List the types of trees based on their life cycle. BT-4 Creating

5. List the techniques for repairing cracks. BT-2 Application

6. Define carbonation. BT-2 Application
7. Discuss about thermal conductivity. BT-2 Remember
8. Describe stitching. BT-5 understand
9. Explain about overlays and blanketing. BT-1 understand
10. Summarize routing and sealing. BT-6 Application
11. Illustrate what is thermal diffusivity. BT-1 Creating
12. Interpret the causes of cracks. BT-6 Remember
13. Demonstrate the characteristics of thermal crack. BT-1 Analyze
14. Write the classification of cracks based on width? BT-3 Analyze

15. Examine remedial measures for cracks in buildings. BT-3 Evaluate

16. Analyse the effects of vegetation in buildings? BT-4 Remember

17. Justify how the foundation movement results in cracks. BT-2 Analyze

18. Evaluate the effects of vegetation in buildings. BT-4 understand

19. Select and suggest the remedial measure to reduce the effects of BT-5 Remember
vegetation and trees.
20. Conclude how epoxy injection will be effective to arrest building cracks. BT-1 Evaluate
PART - B
1. Describe about the techniques for repairing cracks BT-1 Application
2. a. List out the circumstances where grouting technique is warranted? BT-1 Evaluate
( 6 marks)
b. Explain epoxy injection technique employed in building repair?
( 7 marks)
3. Tell in detail about BT-5 Remember
a. routing ( 6 marks) and
b. sealing. ( 7 marks)

4. Interpret the effects of unequal loading in the building? BT-2 Analyze

5. Classify the causes of cracks and how it is minimize it? BT-3 Remember
6. Identify the causes of shrinkage cracks and remedial measures for the same. BT-2 understand

7. Illustrate briefly about epoxy injection process? BT-3 Evaluate

8. Classify the reasons for the formation of cracks due to chemical and BT-6 understand
foundation movement.

9. Examine and explain in detail about thermal cracks. BT-4 Creating

10. Analyse the various techniques for repair of foundation movements. BT-2 Remember

11. Prepare the indications of foundation settlement and suggest suitable BT-4 understand
precautionary measures to control this problem.

12. Design with detailed sketches, the cracking effects in concrete structures BT-1 Application
due to wear, erosion, temperature and chemicals.

13. Identify the checks you will make on the day of concreting to assure BT-1 Remembering
quality of concrete

14. i. List out the durability properties of concrete and describe it in detail. (8) BT-2 Understanding
ii. Write short note on structural cracks. (8)

PART-C

1. Explain the different methods to be followed to prevent the movement of BT-2 Evaluate
foundations
2. With sketches explain the probable design and construction errors. Also BT-6 Application
tabulate the cover thickness for various exposure conditions as per IS.
3. Explain the techniques to repair a dormant cracks and active cracks BT-5 Analyze
separately?
4. Give a case study on building cracks which are formed due to various BT-4 understand
reasons.
 UNIT 3 MOISTURE PENETRATION

Sources of dampness – Moisture movement from ground – Reasons for ineffective DPC – Roof
leakage – Pitched roofs – Madras Terrace roofs – Leakage of Concrete slabs – Dampness in solidwalls –
condensation – hygroscopic salts – remedial treatments – Ferro cement overlay –Chemical coatings –
Flexible and rigid coatings.

Q.No Questions BT Level Competence

1. Define Overlay. BT-2 Remember
2. List out the chemicals used for coatings? BT-4 Evaluate
3. Examine the remedial treatments for moisture penetration? BT-1 Remember
4. Where do we use sealants. BT-2 understand

5. Describe how we can prevent the effect of freezing and thawing in BT-2 Remember
6. concrete?
Define ferrocement BT-5 Remember
7. Explain raising Dampness. BT-3 Remember
8. Summarize the method of waterproofing of RCC roof. BT-6 Remember
9. Interpret the characters of good coating. BT-1 understand
10. Classify the application of ferro cement. BT-3 Analyze
11. Classify some concrete materials used to overcome weathering action on BT-1 Evaluate
12. concrete?
Choose some materials that can be used as protective surface coatings. BT-4 understand
13. Criticize the causes and effects of dampness in building? Explain the BT-2 Application
remedies.
14. Analyse the source of dampness BT-6 Analyze
15. Distinguish between flexible and rigid coatings. BT-1 Creating
16. Explain the use of anti-fungus admixtures. BT-4 understand

17. Prepare a list of suitable materials for DPC BT-5 Application

18. Evaluate the use of curing compounds. BT-1 Analyze
19. Summarize any two tests for assessment of frost damage? BT-1 Creating
20. Conclude the importance of cover to reinforcement steel in RCC. BT-3 Application

PART-B
1. Tell about the ill effects of moisture movement into the brick walls? How BT 1 Remember
will you restore ineffective DPC?

2. Describe flexible and rigid coatings with case study BT 1 understand

 3. Explain the construction of Madras Terrace Roof and list the advantages BT 1 Remember
and disadvantages.
4. With a case study Classify how to control the leakage of concrete slabs. BT 2 Remember

5. Identify the different type of fibers used in concrete? Explain briefly BT 2 Application
their merits and demerits.

6. Summarize detailed note on BT 2 understand

a. Characteristics of good coating ( 6 marks)
b. Chemical coating (7 marks)

7. Demonstrate the method of waterproofing of RCC roof. BT 3 Creating

8. Illustrate in detail about the weathering action on concrete. BT 3 Evaluate

9. Examine the causes and effects of dampness in building? Explain the BT 4 Analyze
remedies.
10. Analyse the various sources for dampness in solid walls and the remedial BT 4 Remember
treatments with suitable illustration.
11. A RCC bridge is under distress showing wide cracks of more than 1 cm, BT 5 Remember
due to some causes such as freezing- thaw effect, poor design and
detailing , improper cover for rebars, drying, shrinkage etc.,. As an
engineer how would you repair the bridge and make it functional. Justify
your recommendation for the suggestion of remedies.

12. Design a RCC roof slab and a Madras Terrace roof which is under BT 6 Applying
leakage problem and suggest suitable remedial measures.

13. i With chemical equation how will you evaluate the mechanism of Analyzing
corrosion. (10)

ii Discuss the various factors influencing the corrosion. (6)

14. List the various components of quality control and explain it in detail. Remember
PART-C

1. Explain the possible roof leakages in a deteriorated building. BT 2 Remember

2. Analyse the method to stop leakage in a newly constructed residential Applying

BT 4
building.
3. Evaluate a dam structure which is having cracks due to F.S.L and suggest Analyzing
BT 5
methods to rectify.
 4. Give a case study on Moisture penetration and suggest suitable methods Remember
BT 6
to avoid the same.

UNIT 4 DISTRESSES AND REMEDIES

Concrete Structures: Introduction – Causes of deterioration – Diagnosis of causes – Flow charts for
diagnosis – methods of repair – repairing, spalling and disintegration – Repairing of concrete floors and
pavements.
Steel Structures : Types and causes for deterioration – preventive measures – Repair procedure –
Brittle fracture – Lamellar tearing – Defects in welded joints – Mechanism of corrosion – Design of protect
against corrosion – Design and fabrication errors – Distress during erection.
Masonry Structures: Discoloration and weakening of stones – Biotical treatments – Preservation –Chemical
preservatives – Brick masonry structures – Distresses and remedial measures.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Level Competence
1. Identify the causes of deterioration. BT-1 Remember
2. List out any two possible reasons for spalling of cover concrete BT-1 Remember
3. Tabulate the cover to be provided for various exposure conditions as per BT-2 Remember
4. IS code.
List some chemical preservatives used in masonry structures to avoid BT-2 Remember
5. Define corrosion inhibitors and corrosion.
discoloration? BT-5 Application
6. When and where is the corrosion inhibiting chemicals used. BT-4 Analyze
7. Explain how deterioration occurs due to corrosion? BT-4 understand
8. Discuss about the environmental effects which lead to deterioration of BT-4 understand
9. concrete any
Classify structures?
two atmospheric agents responsible for corrosion. BT-3 Remember
10. Summarize the reason for efflorescence. BT-6 Creating
11. Illustrate under what circumstances stones will discolour. BT-3 Application
12. Sketch the mechanism of cathodic protection. BT-1 understand
13. Interpret the concept - weathering corrosion. BT-1 understand

14. Classify the types of deterioration in steel structures. BT-6 Creating

15. Examine and explain what you know about deterioration. BT-2 Evaluate

16. Criticize about weakening of stones. BT-1 Remember

17. Cover to reinforcement steel in RCC is important - justify. BT-2 Evaluate

18. "Design and construction errors leads to deterioration of structure”. Is BT-1 Analyze
this statement true? Justify.
19. Design an equation explaining the mechanism of corrosion. BT-3 Analyze
20. Recommend some steps to determine the causes for deterioration of BT-5 Application
concrete structures? PART – B
1. Describe the preventive and repair procedure for deterioration in BT-1 Understand
a. Concrete and ( 6 marks)
b. Steel structures. ( 7 marks)

2. Tell about distress and its remedial measures in masonry structures. BT-4 Remember
3. Examine the various corrosion protection methods. BT-1 understand

4. Discuss about design and construction errors leading to deterioration of BT-4 Application
structures.

5. Classify the various causes of deterioration in concrete structures. BT-4 Creating

6. Summarize the types and causes of deterioration in steel structures and BT-2 understand
explain.

7. Illustrate the role of FRP in corrosion resistant in RCC structures. BT-3 Creating

8. A steel structure is to be erected in a place with corrosion ambience. BT-2 Application

Sketch a suitable preventive measure to keep the corrosion problem in
control.
9. Analyse the various methods adopted for repairing of various types of BT-3 Creating
concrete floors and pavements.
10. A RCC structure constructed in deep sea is found to show distress due to BT-1 Application
corrosion of rebars. As a maintenance engineer you are left with the
responsibility of repairing it and further maintaining it. Compare the
various methods of repair and suggest suitable measure for its
rehabilitation with justification.
11. Evaluate BT-2 understand
a. What are the defects in welded joints? ( 7 marks)
b. Under what circumstances stones will discolour in masonry
structures. ( 6 marks)
12. An RCC building is under distress due to rebar corrosion. Column, Beam BT-6 Analyze
and Slabs are under cracks. The age of the building is 25 years.
13. Explain in detail
Formulate about for
a flowchart fibre reinforced
diagnosis andpolymeric meshes
suitable repair scheme. BT-3 Applying
 14. i. Explain the behavior of steel fiber reinforced concrete as a repair
material. (10) BT-5 Evaluating
ii. Discuss about the aspect ratio and critical length of fiber. (6)

PART - C
1. A Steel column is in deteriorated state which holds the truss of the roof. BT-2 understand
Give the reasons for deteriorated & solutions for the same
2. A Masonry structure is subjected to multiple loading because of that the BT-6 Evaluate
cracks are developed. Analyse the structure & specify the suitable steps to
3. A steel girder is already deteriorated due to corrosion. Give methods for
rectify. BT-3 understand
the same.
4. Write a case study on the evaluation of deteriorated concrete slab & BT-5 Evaluate
column. Suggest how to rectify.

UNIT 5 STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES

General principle – relieving loads – Strengthening super structures – plating – Conversation to
composite construction – post stressing – Jacketing – bonded overlays – Reinforcement addition –
strengthening the substructures – under pinning – Increasing the load capacity of footing – Design for
rehabilitation.
PART - A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
1. Define Stitching. Level
BT-2 Remember
2. Tell about Jacketing. BT-4 Evaluate
3. Describe about Blanketing. BT-1 Remember

4. Recall what Guniting is. BT-2 understand

5. List out the major uses of plating to strengthen existing structure. BT-2 Remember
6. Define Grouting. BT-5 Remember
7. Explain dry pack. BT-3 Remember
8. Classify the types of process in Shotcrete. BT-6 Remember
9. Discuss about ferro cement BT-1 understand
10. Write a report on Shotcrete. BT-3 Analyze

11. Show how bonding can be ensured between a new layer of concrete over BT-1 Evaluate
a existing old concrete?
12. Illustrate the stages in dry mix process in Shotcrete. BT-4 understand
13. Write a short note on epoxy coatings. BT-2 Application
14. Analyse the demerits of plating techniques used in strengthening RC BT-6 Analyze
15. elements.on shoring and underpinning.
Criticize BT-1 Creating

16. Examine the concept of post stressing. BT-4 understand

17. Evaluate the methods to overcome low member strength in concrete BT-5 Application
18. structures.
Justify the need of various techniques for soil improvement. BT-1 Analyze
19. Design how metal bonding is done on concrete member. BT-1 Creating
20. Formulate how clamps are used to overcome low member strength. BT-3 Application

PART-B
1. a. Identify the importance of adding external reinforcement for BT-1 understand
strengthening in buildings. ( 5 marks)
b. Explain the above technique in detail. ( 8 marks)

2. Describe in detail about underpinning and its methods. BT-2 Remember

3. Examine the various techniques to repair spalling and disintegration of BT-4 understand
concrete.

4. Classify the advanced techniques available to strengthen the existing BT-3 Remember
structure.

5. Discuss with an example how underpinning is to be done if the client BT-2 Application
wants to increase the number of floors in his building?

6. Summarize the measure to be taken during construction to minimize the BT-5 Analyze
damages due to earthquake.

7. With simple sketch explain the methods of improving the strength of BT-6 Creating
existing RC columns and beams
8. Illustrate in detail the BT-4 Creating
a. Causes for strengthening the structures. ( 7 marks)
b. Methods to strengthen damaged steel members (6 marks)

9. a. Classify the different types of plates /laminates used for BT-2 Evaluate
strengthening of structural element? ( 6 marks)
b. Discuss different strengthening techniques of damaged
members. ( 7 marks)
10. Examine the different methods of strengthening the concrete structures BT-3 Remember
against earthquake.
11. An old masonry building constructed on clayey bed is under distress BT-1 understand
due to foundation failure/ settlement. Design a suitable foundation
12. Design with suitable
strengthening sketch, the process of strengthening superstructure
methods. BT-1 understand
and the advantage of composite construction.

13. How do you repair a structure distressed due to marine exposure. BT-3 Applying

14. Analyse a case study on leakages from terraces BT-1 Remember

PART - C
1. Explain the advance technique available to strengthen the existing BT-6 Remember
structures.

2. A 25 years old building has to withstand the load after considering the BT-2 understand
economical aspect suggest what should be done for the building, whether
to strengthen or to demolish. Justify your statement

3. Give a case study on the strengthening of auditorium which is constructed BT-1 Evaluate
a few years before.

4. The pamban bridge has to be strengthened in the normal working BT-4 Creating
condition (i.e.) should not affect the transportation. Suggest suitable
methods to strengthen.