Umts-Edch Hsupa PDF

Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (EDCH)
High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)
u EDCH Background & Basics

u Channels/ UTRAN Architecture
u Principles: scheduling, handover
u Performance Results
Background
u E-DCH is a Rel-6 feature with following targets
u Improve coverage and throughput, and reduce delay of the uplink
dedicated transport channels
u Priority given to services such as streaming, interactive and background
services, conversational (e.g. VoIP) also to be considered
u Full mobility support with optimizing for low/ medium speed
u Simple implementation
u Special focus on co-working with HSDPA
u Standardization started in September 2002

u Study item completed in February 2004
u Stage II/ III started in September/ December 2004
u Release 6 frozen in December 2005/ March 2006
u Various improvements have been introduced in Rel-7 & Rel-8
UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 2

E-DCH Basics
E-DCH is a modification of DCH – Not a shared channel, such as
HSDPA in the downlink !!
u PHY taken from R99

u Turbo coding and BPSK modulation
u Power Control
u 10 msec/ 2 msec TTI
u Spreading on separate OVSF code, i.e. code mux with existing PHY
channels
u MAC similarities to HSDPA

u Fast scheduling
u Stop and Wait HARQ: but synchronous
u New principles
u Intra Node B “softer” and Inter Node B “soft” HO should be supported for
the E-DCH with HARQ
u Scheduling distributed between UE and NodeB

E-DCH Scheduling
UE NodeB
Scheduling information
UE detects Scheduler
data in buffer Scheduling grant
takes UE for
scheduling
DATA
Scheduling grant
u UE sends scheduling information

u MAC-e signaling Scheduling grant
u On E-DPCCH: “happy bit”

NodeB allocates the resources
Scheduling information
u
u Absolute/ relative scheduling grants

u Algorithms left open from standards
u Depending on the received grants, UE decides on transmission
u Maintains allocated resources by means of internal serving grants
u Selects at each TTI amount of E-DCH data to transmit
u Algorithms fully specified by UMTS standard

UMTS Channels with E-DCH
Cell 1 Cell 2
= Serving
E-DCH cell
UE
R99 DCH (in SHO)
Rel-6 E-DCH (in SHO) u UL/DL signalling (DCCH)
§ UL PS service (DTCH) u UL/DL CS voice/ data
§ UL Signalling (DCCH) Rel-5 HS-DSCH (not shown)

u DL PS service (DTCH)
u DL signalling (Rel-6, DCCH)

E-DCH Channels
u E-DPDCH
u Carries the data traffic
u Variable SF = 256 … 2
u UE supports up to 4 E-DPDCH
u E-DPCCH
u Contains the configuration as used on E-DPDCH
u Fixed SF = 256
u E-RGCH/ E-HICH
u E-HICH carries the HARQ acknowledgements
u E-RGCH carries the relative scheduling grants
u Fixed SF = 128
u Up to 40 users multiplexed onto the same channel by using specific

signatures
u E-AGCH
u Carries the absolute scheduling grants
u Fixed SF = 256

Timing Relation (UL)
Downlink DPCH CFN CFN+1
15 ´ Tslot (10 msec)

0.4 ´ Tslot
Uplink DPCCH (1024 chips) CFN
±148chips
10 msec TTI 10 msec

E-DPDCH/
E-DPCCH 2msec TTI Subframe #0 Subframe #1 Subframe #2 Subframe #3 Subframe #4
3 ´ Tslot (2 msec)
E-DPDCH/ E-DPCCH time-aligned to UL DPCCH

HSUPA UE Categories
E-DCH Max. num. Min SF EDCH TTI Maximum MAC-e Theoretical maximum PHY
Category Codes TB size data rate (Mbit/s)
Category 1 1 SF4 10 msec 7110 0.71
Category 2 2 SF4 10 msec/ 14484/ 1.45/

2 msec 2798 1.4
Category 4 2 SF2 10 msec/ 20000/ 2.0/

2 msec 5772 2.89
Category 6 4 SF2 10 msec/ 20000/ 2.0/

2 msec 11484 5.74
Category 7 4 SF2 10 msec/ 20000/ 2.0/

(Rel.7) 2 msec 22996 11.5
§ When 4 codes are transmitted, 2 codes are transmitted with SF2 and 2 with SF4
§ UE Category 7 supports 16QAM

E-DCH UTRAN Architecture
Evolution from Rel-5 SRNC RRC PDCP

• E-DCH functionality is
RLC
intended for transport of
DCCH
dedicated logical Logical Channels DTCH BCCH
channels (DTCH/ DCCH)

MAC-es MAC-d
E-DCH in Rel-6 MAC-d MAC-d DCH
flows flows
• Additions in RRC to
configure E-DCH CRNC
w/o MAC-c/sh
Upper phy
• RLC unchanged
MAC-c/sh
(UM & AM)
• New MAC-es entity with
link to MAC-d NodeB
• New MAC-e entity located MAC-e MAC-hs MAC-b
in the Node B DSCH
Transport Channels EDCH HS-DSCH FACH BCH
• MAC-e entities from

multiple NodeB may serve
one UE (soft HO)

MAC-e/es in UE
MAC-e/es Functions
To MAC-d
u Priority handling
MAC – Control
MAC-es/e
u Per logical channel
E-TFC Selection Multiplexing
u Multiplexing
HARQ
u MAC-d flow concept
u Mux of data from multiple

MAC-d flows into single
MAC-e PDU
Associated Scheduling
Downlink Signalling
(E-AGCH / E-RGCH(s)) u Scheduling
UL data u Maintain scheduling grant
Associated ACK/NACK (E-DPDCH) Associated Uplink Signalling:
u E-TFC selection
signaling E-TFCI, RSN, happy bit
(E-HICH) (E-DPCCH)
u HARQ handling
Cf. 25.309

MAC-e in NodeB
MAC-e Functions
u Per user
MAC-d Flows
u HARQ handling:
ACK/ NACK
UE #N generation
UE #2 u De-multiplexing
u E-DCH control:
MAC – Control UE #1
E-DCH De-multiplexing Rx/ Tx control
Control
E-DCH
signals
Scheduling
u E-DCH scheduling for all

HARQ entity
users
u Assign resources
MAC-e (scheduling grants)
E-DCH
Associated Associated
u Iub overload control
Common RG Uplink Downlink
Cf. 25.309 Signalling Signalling

MAC-es in SRNC
To MAC-d
MAC-es Functions
MAC-es
u Queue distribution
MAC – Control
Disassembly Disassembly Disassembly
u Reordering
Reordering/ Reordering/ Reordering/ u Per logical channel
Combining Combining Combining
u In-sequence delivery
u Macro-diversity
Reordering Queue Reordering Queue
Distribution Distribution combining:
frame selection
MAC-d flow #1 MAC-d flow #n
u Disassembly
From From
MAC-e in MAC-e in
Cf. 25.309 NodeB #1 NodeB #k

Data Flow through Layer 2
RLC RLC PDU: Header DATA u DDI: Data Description

MAC-d Indicator (6bit)
MAC-d PDU: DATA u MAC-d PDU size
u Log. Channel ID
MAC-e/es MAC-es PDU: TSN DATA DATA u Mac-d flow ID
u N: Number of MAC-d PDUs
(6bit)
DDI N DDI N DDI DATA DATA Padding

u TSN: Transmission Sequence
Number (6bit)
(Opt)
MAC-e header MAC-es PDU
MAC-e PDU:
DATA
PHY

Hybrid ARQ Operation
u N-channel parallel HARQ with stop-and-wait protocol

u Number of HARQ processes N to allow uninterrupted E-DCH transmission
u 10 msec TTI: 4
u 2 msec TTI: 8
u Synchronous retransmissions
u Retransmission of a MAC-e PDU follows its previous HARQ (re)transmission
after N TTI = 1 RTT
u Incremental Redundancy via rate matching
u Max. # HARQ retransmissions specified in HARQ profile
ACK
NACK
ACK
NACK
New Tx 1 New Tx 2 New Tx 3 New Tx 4 Re-Tx 1 New Tx 2 Re-Tx 3 New Tx 4 Re-Tx 1 Re-Tx 2
NACK
NACK

E-DCH UE Scheduling
u UE maintains internal serving grant SG
u SG are quantized Maximum E-DPDCH/ DPCCH power ratio (TPR), which are
defined by 3GPP
u Reception of absolute grant: SG = AG
u No transmission: SG = “Zero_Grant”
u Reception of relative grants: increment/ decrement index of SG in the SG

table
u AG and RG from serving RLS can be activated for specific HARQ processes for
2msec TTI
u UE selects E-TFC at each TTI
u Allocates the E-TFC according to the given restrictions
u Serving grant SG
u UE transmit power
u Provides priority between the different logical channels

Scheduling Grant Table
Index Scheduled u Scheduling grants are max.

Grant E-DPDCH/ DPCCH power ratio (TPR –
traffic to pilot ratio)
2
37 (168/15) *6
2
36 (150/15) *6
35
2
(168/15) *4 u Power Ratio is related to UE data
34
2
(150/15) *4
2
rate
33 (134/15) *4
2
32 (119/15) *4
Relative Grants
2
31 (150/15) *2 u
2
30 (95/15) *4
29 (168/15)
2 u SG moves up/ down when RG = UP/
• DOWN
•
•
2
14 (30/15)
13 (27/15)
2 u Absolute Grants
u SG jumps to entry for AG
2
12 (24/15)
2
11 (21/15)
10 (19/15)
2 u 2 reserved values for ZERO_GRANT/
9 (17/15)
2
INACTIVE
2
8 (15/15)
2
7 (13/15)
2
6 (12/15)
2
5 (11/15)
2
4 (9/15)
2
3 (8/15)
2
2 (7/15)
2
1 (6/15)
2
0 (5/15)

Timing Relation for Scheduling Grants
Scheduling
decision
E-RGCH HARQ process
Load E-AGCH number
estimation, etc
E-DCH 1 2 3 4 1 2 3
· AG applied to this
HARQ process
· RG interpreted relative
to the previous TTI in
this HARQ process.
u AG and RG associated with specific uplink E-DCH TTI, i.e. specific HARQ process
u Association based on the timing of the E-AGCH and E-RGCH.
Timing is tight enough that this relationship is un-ambiguous.
u Example: 10msec TTI

Scheduling Information
u Happy bit signaling
u One bit status flag send on E-DPCCH at each TTI
u Criterion for happy bit
u Set to “unhappy” if UE is able to send more data than given with
existing serving grant
u Otherwise set to “happy”
u Scheduling Information Reporting

u Content of MAC-e report
u Provides more detailed information (log. channel, buffer status,
UE power headroom)
u Will be sent less frequently (e.g. every 100 msec)
u Parameters adjusted by RRC (e.g. reporting intervals, channels to

report)

HSUPA Scheduling
Radio resources
UL Load (interference)
Other constraints
QoS Parameters NodeB decoding capabilities
Throughput bounds Iub bandwidth limit
Feedback from UE
Scheduling Information UE capabilities
EDCH NodeB Scheduler
Reports
Allocate (absolute/ relative) Scheduling

Grants (max. allowed power offsets)
UE allocates transport formats according to

the allocated grants

NodeB Load Scheduling Principle
UL Load UL Load E-DCH scheduler constraint

target u Keep UL load within the limit
UE #m Scheduler controls:
Serving u E-DCH load portion of non-serving
E-DCH users users from other cells
u E-DCH resources of each serving user
UE #1
of own cell
Non-serving
E-DCH users Principles:
u Rate vs. time scheduling
u Dedicated control for serving users
Non E-DCH u Common control for non-serving
users
Note: Scheduler cannot exploit fast fading !

E-DCH Scheduling Options
Rate Scheduling Time Scheduling
rate
rate
UE2
UE1 UE3
UE2 UE3 UE1
UE1
time time
u UEs are continuously active u UEs are switched on/ off by absolute
u Data rate is incremental increased/ scheduling grants
decreased by relative scheduling grants u UEs should be in synch
u No synch between UEs required u Load variations might be large
u Load variations can be kept low u For (verry) high data rates
u For low to medium data rates

Non-scheduled Mode
u Configured by the SRNC
u UE is allowed to send E-DCH data at any time
u Signaling overhead and scheduling delay are minimized
u Support of QoS traffic on E-DCH, e.g. VoIP & SRB
u Characteristics
u Resource given by SRNC:
u Non-scheduled Grant = max. # of bits that can be included in a MAC-e PDU
u UTRAN can reserve HARQ processes for non-scheduled transmission
u Non-scheduled transmissions defined per MAC-d flow
u Multiple non-scheduled MAC-d flows may be configured in parallel
u One specific non-scheduled MAC-d flow can only transmit up to the non-
scheduled grant configured for that MAC-d flow
u Scheduled grants will be considered on top of non-scheduled
transmissions
u Scheduled logical channels cannot use non-scheduled grant
u Non-scheduled logical channels cannot transmit data using Scheduling Grant

E-DCH Power Control – Tx Power of E-DPCCH/ E-DPDCH
u E-DCH is power-controlled the same way as R99 DCH
u E-DPCCH/ E-DPDCH power controlled with offsets relative to DPCCH
u DPCCH still under closed inner/ outer loop power control
u E-DPCCH/ DPCCH offset signaled by RRC
u E-DPDCH/ DPCCH offset adjusted according to selected E-TFC
u Reference PO/ reference E-TFCI signaled by RRC
u Calculated for other E-TFCI from reference PO (specified in standard)
u Additional offset DHARQ in HARQ profile for each MAC-d flow to satisfy
different QoS requirements
u E-DCH quality control loop

u Each MAC-es PDU received by the SRNC contains indication of how many
retransmissions were required to decode it
u Measure of the received E-DCH quality
u SRNC may react as follows
u Update SIR target setting for DPCCH via DCH FP signaling
u Signal new power offset settings to UE/ NodeB via RRC signaling

E-DCH Operation in Soft Handover
scheduling grant scheduling grant

HARQ ACK/ NACK HARQ ACK/ NACK
UE
NodeB 1 NodeB 2
u Macro-diversity operation on multiple NodeBs

u Softer handover combining in the same NodeB
u Soft handover combining in RNC (part of MAC-es)
u Independent MAC-e processing in both NodeBs
u HARQ handling rule: if at least one NodeB tells ACK, then ACK
u Scheduling rule: relative grants “DOWN” from any NodeB have
precedence

Mobility Handling
u The UE uses soft handover for associated DCH as well as for E-DCH
u Using existing triggers and procedures for the active set update
(events 1A, 1B, 1C)
u E-DCH active set is equal or smaller than DCH active set
u New event 1J: non-active E-DCH link becomes better than active one
u The UE receives AG on E-AGCH from only one cell out of the E-DCH
active set (serving E-DCH cell)
u E-DCH and HSDPA serving cell must be the same
u Hard Handover, i.e. change of serving E-DCH cell
u Using RRC procedures, which maybe triggered by event 1D

u Could be also combined with Active Set Update

Mobility Procedures
SRNC SRNC
MAC-es MAC-es
MAC-e MAC-e MAC-e MAC-e

NodeB NodeB NodeB NodeB
s t
Serving Serving
E-DCH E-DCH
radio link radio link
Inter-Node B serving E-DCH cell change within E-DCH active set

Note: MAC-e still established in both NodeBs !

Serving E-DCH Cell Change
SRNC
UE Target serving Source serving =
E-DCH cell E-DCH cell DRNC
Serving E-DCH cell

RL Reconfiguration Prepare change decision
i.e. even t 1D
RL Reconfiguration Ready
RL Reconfiguration Prepare If new NodeB

RL Reconfiguration Ready
Synchronous
Reconfiguration
RL Reconfiguration Commit with Tactivation
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration RL Reconfiguration Commit
Radio Bearer Reconfiguration Complete
UE receives now
AG & dedicated RG
from target cell
u Handover of E-DCH scheduler control u Handover of HS-DSCH serving cell

u No changes in UL transport bearer u DL transport bearer setup
u No MAC-es RESET u MAC-hs RESET

E-DCH RRM Principle
E-DCH resources controlled by

UL Load UL Load u UL load target
target u E-DCH non-serving load portion
NodeB schedules E-DCH users

Serving according to RNC settings
E-DCH users u Priority for non E-DCH traffic
Non-serving RNC still controls non E-DCH load

E-DCH users portion
u By means of e.g. admission/
congestion control
Non E-DCH
load portion u Based on an estimate of non-
Non E-DCH EDCH load

User Throughput vs. Aggregate Cell Throughput
10ms TTI 2ms TTI u 36 cells network

2000
1 u UMTS composite channel
1 UE/ cell
model
Average User Throughput [kbps]
1800
2 #UEs/cell
1600
2 u FTP traffic model (2 Mbyte
1400 3 upload, 30 seconds thinking
3
1200
4 time)
1000 4
5 u Maximum cell throughput
800
5 6 reached for about 7…8 UEs
600 6 per cell
7 7
400 Cell throughput drops if #UEs
8 8 u
200 22 20 18
16 14
9 increases further since the
0 24 12 10
10
associated signaling channel
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 consume UL resources too
Aggregate Cell Throughput [kbps]

Single User Performance
2ms TTI 10ms TTI

u Average user throughput
(RLC layer) for different
4000
channel profiles
1 UE in the network
Average User Throughput [kbps]
3500 u
3000
u 1 target HARQ transmission
u For AWGN channel
2500
conditions:
2000 u 10ms TTI: up to 1.7 Mbps
(near theoretical limit of 1.88
1500
Mbps)
1000 u 2ms TTI: up to 3.6 Mbps
(below theoretical limit 5.44
500
Mbps)
0 u E.g. due to restrictions
AWGN PedA3 PedA30 VehA30 VehA120 from RLC layer (window
Scenario size, PDU size)

References
u Papers
u A. Ghosh et al: “Overview of Enhanced Uplink for 3GPP W-CDMA,” Proc.
IEEE VTC ’04/ Milan, vol. 4, pp. 2261–2265
u A. Toskala et al: “High-speed Uplink Packet Access,” Chapter 13 in
Holma/ Toskala: WCDMA for UMTS, Wiley 2010
u H. Holma/ A. Toskala (Ed.): “HSDPA/ HSUPA for UMTS,” Wiley 2006
u Standards
u TS 25.xxx series: RAN Aspects
u TR 25.896: “Feasibility Study for Enhanced Uplink for UTRA FDD”
u TR 25.808: “FDD Enhanced Uplink; Physical Layer Aspects”
u TR 25.309/ 25.319 (Rel.7 onwards): “Enhanced Uplink: Overall
Description (Stage 2)”

Abbreviations
ACK (positive) Acknowledgement Mux Multiplexing

AG Absolute Grant NACK Negative Acknowledgement
AM Acknowledged (RLC) Mode NBAP NodeB Application Part
AMC Adaptive Modulation & Coding OVSF Orthogonal Variable SF (code)
BO Buffer Occupancy PDU Protocol Data Unit
CAC Call Admission Control PHY Physical Layer
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access PO Power Offset
DBC Dynamic Bearer Control QoS Quality of Service
DCH Dedicated Channel QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
DDI Data Description Indicator RB Radio Bearer
DPCCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel RG Relative Grant
E-AGCH E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel RL Radio Link
E-DCH Enhanced (uplink) Dedicated Channel RLC Radio Link Control
E-HICH E-DCH HARQ Acknowledgement RLS Radio Link Set
Indicator Channel RRC Radio Resource Control
E-RGCH E-DCH Relative Grant Channel RRM Radio Resource Management
E-TFC E-DCH Transport Format Combination RV Redundancy Version
FDD Frequency Division Duplex SDU Service Data Unit
FEC Forward Error Correction SF Spreading Factor
FIFO First In First Out SG Serving Grant
FP Framing Protocol SI Scheduling Information
GoS Grade of Service TNL Transport Network Layer
HARQ Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request TPR Traffic to Pilot Ratio
IE Information Element TTI Transmission Time Interval
MAC-d dedicated Medium Access Control UM Unacknowledged (RLC) Mode
MAC-e/es E-DCH Medium Access Control

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Enhanced Uplink Dedicated Channel (EDCH)

High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)

u EDCH Background & Basics

u Special focus on co-working with HSDPA

u Standardization started in September 2002

u Stage II/ III started in September/ December 2004

u Release 6 frozen in December 2005/ March 2006

u Various improvements have been introduced in Rel-7 & Rel-8

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 2

u PHY taken from R99

u MAC similarities to HSDPA

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 3

u UE sends scheduling information

u On E-DPCCH: “happy bit”

u Absolute/ relative scheduling grants

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 4

§ UL Signalling (DCCH) Rel-5 HS-DSCH (not shown)

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 5

u E-RGCH carries the relative scheduling grants

u Up to 40 users multiplexed onto the same channel by using specific

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 6

Downlink DPCH CFN CFN+1

15 ´ Tslot (10 msec)

10 msec TTI 10 msec

E-DPDCH/ E-DPCCH time-aligned to UL DPCCH

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 7

Category 1 1 SF4 10 msec 7110 0.71

Category 2 2 SF4 10 msec/ 14484/ 1.45/

Category 3 2 SF4 10 msec 14484 1.45

Category 4 2 SF2 10 msec/ 20000/ 2.0/

Category 5 2 SF2 10 msec 20000 2.0

Category 6 4 SF2 10 msec/ 20000/ 2.0/

Category 7 4 SF2 10 msec/ 20000/ 2.0/

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 8

Evolution from Rel-5 SRNC RRC PDCP

channels (DTCH/ DCCH)

• MAC-e entities from

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 9

u Mux of data from multiple

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 10

u E-DCH scheduling for all

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 11

MAC-d flow #1 MAC-d flow #n

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 12

RLC RLC PDU: Header DATA u DDI: Data Description

DDI N DDI N DDI DATA DATA Padding

MAC-e header MAC-es PDU

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 13

u N-channel parallel HARQ with stop-and-wait protocol

u Max. # HARQ retransmissions specified in HARQ profile

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 14

u Reception of relative grants: increment/ decrement index of SG in the SG

u Provides priority between the different logical channels

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 15

Index Scheduled u Scheduling grants are max.

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 16

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 17

u Scheduling Information Reporting

u Parameters adjusted by RRC (e.g. reporting intervals, channels to

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 18

Allocate (absolute/ relative) Scheduling

UE allocates transport formats according to

UMTS Networks Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mückenheim Nov. 2011 19