private university antenor orrego

“biomass research”

COURSE:

INGLES INTERMEDIO INTENSIVO 1

TEACHER:

GUTIERREZ AVALOS TELMO

STUDENT:

RAYSA ORTIZ CORREA

2019
City- Trujillo
 BIOMASS AS RENEWABLE ENERGY RESOURCE

1. WHAT IS BIOMASS?
Biomass is any organic matter—wood, crops, seaweed,
animal wastes— that can be used as an energy source.
Biomass is probably our oldest source of energy after the
sun. For thousands of years, people have burned wood to
heat their homes and cook their food. Biomass gets its
energy from the sun. Biomass is a renewable energy source
because its supplies are not limited. We can always grow
trees and crops, and waste will always exist

2. Materials used to makeup Biomass fuel are:

o Animal manure and human sewage

o Agricultural crops and waste materials
o Food and wood waste in garbage
o Forest Residues and wood processing
wastes

Burning biomass releases carbon emissions,

around a quarter higher than burning coal,
but has been classed as a “renewable” energy
source of fuel because:

o Plants can be regrown.

o We will always have Forest Residues,
wood processing wastes, Agricultural
crops and waste materials.
o Easily available animal manure and human sewage along with the Food waste in
garbage can be used in a fruitful manner.

Burning Biomass is a only one way to release its energy. Biomass can be converted to other
useable forms and used for energy such as:

o Agricultural crops and waste materials—burned as a fuel or fermented to produce

liquid biofuels such as ethanol.
o Animal manure and human sewage—converted to biogas such as Methane, which can
be burned as a fuel.
o Food, yard, and wood waste in garbage—burned to generate electricity in power
plants or converted to biogas (Methane) in landfills
o Wood and Wood processing wastes—burned to heat buildings, to produce process
heat in industry, and to generate electrici
o
3. types of biomass

Biomass Existed different types of biomass that can be used as an energy source. Although you
can do many classifications, this website has chosen the most accepted classification, which
divides the biomass into four types: natural biomass, dry and wet waste and energy crops.

NATURAL BIOMASS

It is occurs in nature without any human intervention. The problem with this type of
biomass is the necessary management of the resource acquisition and transport to the
place of use. This result in exploitation of this biomass is economically unviable.

RESIDUAL BIOMASS (dry and wet)

Waste are generated in agriculture activities (woody and herbaceous) and livestock in the
forest, the timber industry and agribusiness, among others and can still be used and
considered by-products. As an example we consider the sawdust, almond shell, the
pomade, pruning fruit trees, etc.

ENERGY CROPS
These crops are produced for the sole purpose of producing biomass fuel transformable.
These crops can be divided into:
Existing crops such as cereals, oilseeds, sugar beet, etc...
Lignocelluloses forest (poplar, willow, etc.).
4 How is biomass converted into energy?
This is a very common way of converting organic matter into energy. Burning stuff like wood,
waste and other plant matter releases stored chemical energy in the form of heat, which can
be used to turn shafts to produce electricity. Let's see this simple illustration of how biomass is
used to generate electricity.

1. Energy from the sun is transferred and stored in plants.

When the plants are cut or die, wood chips, straw and
other plant matter is delivered to the bunker

2. This is burned to heat water in a boiler to release heat

energy (steam).

3. The energy/power from the steam is directed to turbines

with pipes

4. The steam turns a number of blades in the turbine and

generators, which are made of coils and magnets.

5. The charged magnetic fields produce electricity, which is

sent to homes by cables.
5 Transformation of biomass into energy

Currently, within the various forms of biomass energy conversion, the most used to transform
biomass are the thermochemical and biochemical methods.

1. Thermochemical methods:

They use heat to transform biomass, that's why it is used in materials that have low humidity
(straw, wood, nuts husks, etc ...). The most common thermochemical methods are:

 Combustión: Burning of materials with 20-40% air and temperature between 600 and
1300 degrees Celsius. Most basic method to produce heat that can be used.

 Pyrolysis: Decomposition of biomass by heat (around 500 ° C) and absence of oxygen.

This process gives rise to oxygen, hydrocarbons and carbon oxide, as well as
hydrocarbonated liquids and carbonaceous solid waste. This is the method most used
to create charcoal.
 Gasification: Process that occurs with combustion, through which we obtain Co, Co2,
hydrogen and methane, in different quantities. The optimal conditions for gasification
are a concentration between 10 and 50% of oxygen, in addition to a temperature of
700-1500 ° C. Depending on whether we use air or oxygen, we will obtain a higher or
lower quality gas, more oxygen, better gas.
 Co-combustion: In this process, biomass is used as fuel while coal is used in boilers to
generate heat. This method reduces Co2 emissions and the amounts of carbon used

2. Biochemical methods:

They use microorganism for the degradation of the biomass, this is because they have a high
degree of humidity, so it is necessary that the microorganisms take care of the initial
degradation processes

 Alcoholic fermentation: Fermentation of

carbohydrates found in plants to obtain ethanol,
which will be used as fuel in different
combustion processes.
 Metallic fermentation: Digestion without
oxygen (anaerobic) of the biomass, in this way
the organic matter is fermented and the biogas
is created