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Santha Kumar
different classifications
Class I will pertain to all base plates the moment on which is so small in
proportion to the direct load that there is compression over the entire area
Class II will pertain a comparitively small range of base plates which have
Class III will include those which are exposed to a comparatively large
moment and which therefore have tension over a large portion - more than one -
third of the area between the bottom of the base plate and its concrete footing.
The method of the treatment employed for the three classification will be entirely
P M
f = ± y
A I
P M
fc = + y
A I
P Pe.H / 2
fc = +
A 1/12 BH3
P 6 Pe
= +
BH BH 2
P ⎡ 6 e⎤
fc = 1+
BH ⎢⎣ H ⎥⎦
Fig 8.1
Here ’H’ is known very closely from practical considerations. The depth of
the column is always known and the necessary additional length of base plate to
provide for the column - base plate connection can be pretty accurately predicted
it will be 120 to 150mm beyond each column face for riveted column - base plate
connections, and for welded connections some smaller value may be arbitrarily
chosen in advance. This leaves 'B' as the only unknown. Solving the preceding
P M
equation for B results in B = ( H + 6e ) in which e = where B and H are
H2 fc P
the width and length, respectively of the base plate and fc is the allowable
compressive stress on the concrete foundation. The anchor bolts for this class of
holding the columns firmly in place during erection and for withstanding any
Design Example 1:
Determine the size of the base plate for a column carrying axial force of
grade
P ⎡ 6e ⎤
fc = 1+
BH ⎢⎣ H ⎥⎦
M 200
e= = = 100mm
P 2000
2000 x1000 ⎛ 6 x 100 ⎞
fc = ⎜1 + 900 ⎟
9002 ⎝ ⎠
300
Providing = 150mm projection on either side
2
f c = 4.115 N / mm 2 > 4 N / mm 2
SAFE
stress prism at the top of the analogous concrete beam. In a similar manner, the
resultant axial load which is 'e' mm out from the centre line of the column must
pass through the centroid of the stress prism in the concrete footing beneath the
base plate. For class II this stress prism is triangular in cross section and has a
width of B mm. The length of the horizontal leg is denoted by 'x' which
corresponds to the 'kd' of the analogous beam. The other leg is denoted by
'fc' the allowable compression stress in the concrete footing. The width 'B' is
being so chosen such that the specified value of 'fc' is never exceeded.
In the analogous beam 'kd' is first computed which determines the space
top then follows from mechanics. In the base plate on the other hand the center
vertical line drawn 'e' mm from the centre line of the column becomes the
equivalent load line and it will intersect the base plate x /3mm from the leeward
Fig 8.2
x H ⎛H ⎞
e+ = Or x = 3⎜ − e ⎟ (8.1)
3 3 ⎝2 ⎠
The load 'p' from the column is assumed to be numerically equal to the
volume of the triangular stress prism under the base plate (shown shaded).
Actually the tension T in the anchor bolts is neglected which leads to the
1 2P
P= Bxf c B=
2 x fc
The e / h ratio test for classifying base plate’s equation1 provides a simple
method of determining under which of the three classes any given problem on
base plates falls. The values of M and P are known in advance and H is
2H/3 is substituted for x then e equals 5H/18. Therefore class I holds for values
of e/H equal to or less than 1/6 .Class II holds for value of e/H between 1/6 and
1/3 .Class III holds for values of e/H greater than 1/3
Design Example 2:
For the earlier problem the moment at the base is 400kn.m. Determine the
400 e 200
e= = 200mm = = 0.222
2000 H 900
⎛H ⎞
x = 3⎜ − e ⎟
⎝2 ⎠
⎛ 900 ⎞
= 3⎜ − 200 ⎟ = 750mm
⎝ 2 ⎠
2P 2 x 2000 x103
B= = = 1333mm
x fc 750 x 4
⎛ 1050 ⎞
x = 3⎜ − 200 ⎟ = 975mm
⎝ 2 ⎠
2P 2 x 2000 x103
B= = = 1025.6mm
x fc 750 x 4
Provide B = H = 1050mm
whereby the neutral axis of the forces acting on the foundation may be obtained.
Referring to the figure it may be noted that three vertical forces P, C and T are
involved
P+T-C=0 (8.2)
⎛x ⎞ ⎛ x⎞
P⎜ ± w ⎟ − t⎜a − ⎟ = 0 (8.3)
⎝3 ⎠ ⎝ 3⎠
The plus sign before w will apply when the equivalent load line falls
outside the leeward edge of the base plate, while the minus is used when it falls
within. For a third preliminary equation transformed section diagram can be used.
Using similar As
mf c x
= (8.4)
T / As ( a − x )
In which As 1s the total cross sectional area of wind ward anchor Bolt and
m = Es / Ec. The procedure will be that of the expressions for P and C in terms
out and the resulting equation reduced to a usable form for finding x. Thus from
equ.8.2
T ( 3a − x )
P= (8.5)
x ± 3w
3.x.f c
C= (8.6)
2
3Tx 2
C= (8.7)
2mAs ( a − x )
In equ.8.1 substitute the value of C from equ.6 and that of P from equ.8.4
T ( 3a − x ) BTx 2
+t= (8.8)
x ± 3w 2mAs ( a − x )
( 3a − x ) Bx 2
+t= (8.9)
x ± 3w 2mAs ( a − x )
Fig 8.3
Design Example 3.
, a moment at the bottom of 15 KN.m . Connection angles used are ISA 200 x
100 x 15 on either side with 20 mm φ anchor bolts use M15 concrete. Find the
M 15
Eccentricity (e) = = = 150mm
P 100
e 150
= = 0.375
H 500
= 1/3 (0.33)
As = 251.8 mm
a = 400 - 50 = 350 mm
( 3a − x ) Bx 2
1/2 of the template +1 =
x ± 3w 2mAs ( a − x )
Assume B the least possible value say here 210 mm and w = -50 mm
3 x 350 − x 210x 2
+1 =
x − 150 2 x 13 x 251.2 ( 350 − x )
x = 236 mm
⎛ x ± 3w ⎞ 3 ⎛ 236 − 3 x 50 ⎞
T = P⎜ ⎟ = 100 x 10 ⎜ ⎟ = 10565 N
⎝ 3a − x ⎠ ⎝ 3 x 350 − 236 ⎠
10565
= 42 N / mm 2 << 120 N / mm 2
251.43
Sufficient
2(P + T)
fc =
Bx