Energy Conservation

Report No.1

Energy Resources
‫ هبة حسين محمد السيد ابراهيم‬: ‫السم‬
12 :‫سكشن‬
 Contents

Fossil Fuel
Page 1

Solar power
Page 2

Wind power
Page 3

Nuclear power
Page 4

Tidal power
Page 5

Hydroelectric power
Page 6
 Fossil Fuel

Source

• Energy from fossilized organic materials

Theory

• Coal is crushed to a fine dust and burnt.

• Oil and gas can be burnt directly.

• Types (Coal, Natural Gas, Crude Oil, bituminous sands and oil shale)

Usage
Fossil fuels provided around 66% of the world's electrical power, and 95% of the
world's total energy demands (including heating, transport and electricity generation.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Very large amounts of electricity can be • Pollution (CO2) which contributes to the
generated in one place. "greenhouse effect”.

• Transporting is easy. • Burning coal produces more (CO2) than

• Gas-fired power stations are very efficient.
• A fossil-fuelled power station can be built
almost anywhere
burning oil or gas.
• Mining coal is difficult, dangerous.
• Coal-fired power stations need huge
amounts of fuel,

Source
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Energy Conservation Energy Resources
Report No.1
 Solar power

• Energy from the sun.

Theory

• Transforming energy of sun radiation into heat and/or electricity.

Usage
1- Solar Cells ( called "photovoltaic", "PV" or "photoelectric" cells)
that convert light directly into electricity.
2- Solar water heating, where heat from the Sun is used to heat water in glass panels
3- Solar Furnaces use a huge array of mirrors to concentrate the Sun's energy into a
small space and produce very high temperatures.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Solar energy is free - it needs no fuel • Doesn't work at night.
and produces no waste or pollution.

• In sunny countries, solar power can be

• Very expensive to build solar
used where there is no easy way to
power stations,
get electricity to a remote place.

• Handy for low-power uses such as • Can be unreliable unless in a very

solar powered garden lights and sunny climate.
battery chargers.

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Energy Conservation Energy Resources
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 Wind power

Source

• Energy from the Wind.

Theory

The Sun heats our atmosphere unevenly, so some patches become warmer than others.
These warm patches of air rise, other air blows in to replace them (wind blowing).

Usage
The energy in the wind can be used by building a tall tower, with a large propeller on the
top; The wind blows the propeller round, which turns a generator to produce electricity.
The more towers, the more wind, and the larger the propellers, the more electricity we
can make.
It's only worth building wind farms in places that have strong, steady winds, although
boats and caravans increasingly have small wind generators to help keep their batteries
charged.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Wind is free, wind farms need no fuel. • The wind is not always predictable.

• Produces no waste or greenhouse gases.
• The land beneath can usually still be used
for farming.
• Wind farms can be tourist attractions.
• Suitable areas for wind farms are often
near the coast, where land is
expensive.
• Can kill birds - migrating flocks tend to
like strong winds. However, this is rare.

• Can affect television.

• A good method of supplying energy to
remote areas.
• Can be noisy.

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Energy Conservation Energy Resources
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 Nuclear power

Source

• Energy from splitting Uranium atoms

Theory

• Nuclear power stations work the same way as fossil fuel-burning stations, except
that a "chain reaction" inside a nuclear reactor makes the heat instead.

• The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel, and the heat is generated by nuclear
fission: neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium atoms, which split
roughly in half and release energy in the form of heat.

Usage
• Generates electricity which then delivers for any application.

Advantages
• Nuclear power costs about the same
as coal, so it's not expensive to make.
• Does not produce smoke or carbon
dioxide, so it does not contribute to the
greenhouse effect.
Disadvantages
• Although not much waste is
produced, it is very dangerous.
It must be sealed up and buried for
many thousands of years to allow
the radioactivity to die away.

• Produces huge amounts of energy

from small amounts of fuel.
• Produces small amounts of waste.
• Nuclear power is reliable.
• Nuclear power is reliable, but a lot
of money has to be spent on safety
- if it does go wrong, a nuclear
accident can be a major disaster.

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 Tidal power

Source

• Energy from seas and oceans tidal.

Theory

The tide moves a huge amount of water twice each day, and
harnessing it could provide a great deal of energy

Usage
These work rather like a hydro-electric scheme, except that
the dam is much bigger.

A huge dam (called a "barrage") is built across a river estuary. When the tide goes in and
out, the water flows through tunnels in the dam.

The ebb and flow of the tides can be used to turn a turbine, or it can be used to push air
through a pipe, which then turns a turbine. Large lock gates, like the ones used on
canals, allow ships to pass.

There’s also some other modern ways such like offshore turbines and Tidal Reef used.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Once it’s built, tidal power is free. Tides are • A barrage across an estuary is very
totally predictable. expensive to build, and affects a very
wide area - the environment is changed
for many miles upstream and
• It produces no greenhouse gases or other
downstream.
waste.

• Only provides power for around 10

• It produces electricity reliably; not expensive
hours each day, when the tide is
to maintain.
actually moving in or out.

• Offshore turbines and vertical-axis turbines

are not ruinously expensive to build. • There are few suitable sites for tidal
barrages

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Report No.1
 Hydroelectric power

Source

• Energy from falling water

Theory

Gravitational potential energy is stored in the water above the dam.

Because of the great height of the water, it will arrive at the turbines at high pressure,
which means that we can extract a great deal of energy from it.

Usage

A dam is built to trap water, usually in a valley where there is an existing lake.
Water is allowed to flow through tunnels in the dam, to turn turbines and thus drive
generators.

Advantages Disadvantages
• Once the dam is built, the energy is virtually • The dams are very expensive to build.
free.

• No waste or pollution produced. • Building a large dam will flood a very

• Much more reliable than wind, solar or wave
power.
• Water can be stored above the dam ready
to cope with peaks in demand.
• Electricity can be generated constantly.
large area upstream, causing problems
for animals that used to live there.
• Finding a suitable site can be difficult.
• Water quality and quantity downstream
can be affected, which can have an
impact on plant life.

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Energy Conservation Energy Resources
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