HYSYS Gas Properties Extension v1.5.

2, User Guide
James Martin, Hyprotech, UK Technical Services
11th July 2002
1 Introduction
The Gas Properties extension displays the following properties for a specified stream:
 Heating Values, Wobbe Index (Wobbe Methods and data from ISO 6976:1995(E))
 Water and hydrocarbon Dew points
 Water Content (in lb water/MMSCF, and mg/m3)
 Molar and Mass Heat Capacity at constant pressure (CP) from HYSYS (Rigorous
Calculation from EOS)
 Molar and Mass Heat Capacity at constant volume (CV) from HYSYS (See below)
 Molar and Mass CV calculated by an entropy method (See below)
 Semi-Ideal Molar and Mass CV (CV = CP - R)
 Corresponding values of Gamma (CP / CV) for all these CV 's
 The window also shows basic stream properties such as Vapour Fraction, T, P, MW, and
Compressibility (Z)
The Gas Properties extension has been tested in versions 2.1.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4 and 3.0.1 of
HYSYS but should also work in previous and future versions.
2 Changes for Version 1.5
 Fixes bug in Semi-Ideal CV calculation introduced by HYSYS Version 2.1.3.
 Displays CV as calculated by HYSYS (This is a rigorous value since 2.1.3)
 Updated documentation and interface
 New PFD Icon (HYSYS 2.2 onwards)
3 Changes for Version 1.5.1
 Added ability to print a report from the extension (This is what the gasprops.rdf file does)
(Right click on PFD icon, or extension title bar and choose Print Datasheet…)
 Improved About tab information and user guide
4 Changes for Version 1.5.2
 Updated in order to be compatible with HYSYS 3.0.1 continuous properties (i.e., fluid
package may change at stream level). The extension was originally built assuming that all
streams within the same flowsheet would always share the same component list. This will
not be always true starting from HYSYS 3.0.1.
5 Important Note
This Automation application has been created by Hyprotech Technical Support as an example
of what can be achieved through the object architecture of HYSYS. The application is
provided for academic purposes only and as such is not part of Hyprotech's normal QA
procedures. We strongly encourage users to check results carefully and use the facility
accordingly. Please report any problems encountered through the normal support channel at
support@hyprotech.com

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6 Installation
Unzip the gasprops.edf, gasprops.dll and gasprops.rdf to a convenient directory on your hard
disk. Before the extension appears in HYSYS, it must be registered. The simplest way to do
this is to go to Tools … Preferences, then choose the Extensions tab. Click the Register an
Extension button, then navigate to the location of the gasprops.dll.
The Gas Properties extension should then appear under the Extensions category of the Add
Operation window. (Accessible via Flowsheet … Add Operation, or by pressing F12.)
6.1 What if version 1.0.1 is already installed?
If you have version 1.0.1 already installed, you still need to register the new version. Any
cases containing the old extension will not be automatically updated, you must manually add
the new extension, connect it up, and then delete the old one.
6.2 What if version 1.5 or 1.5.1 is already installed?
Any cases containing version 1.5 or 1.5.1 will automatically use the new extension once it is
registered. However before registering version 1.5.2 you should first unregister version 1.5 or
1.5.1 of the extension by selecting it and pressing the Unregister extension button in Tools …
Preferences.
7 Usage
Add the unit operation by choosing Flowsheet, Add Operation (or F12). Then choose Gas
Properties v1.5.2 from the Extensions category. Select a stream in the Stream drop down box.
If the stream doesn't appear in the box, ensure the Multiple Stream Connections checkbox, is
checked on the Simulation … Options tab of the HYSYS Preferences dialogue box. (Tools …
Preferences)
To print a report from the extension use one of the normal HYSYS methods: Right click on
PFD icon, or extension title bar and choose Print Datasheet…, or add a datasheet for the
extension in the HYSYS report manager. (Tools … Reports)
8 Heating Values and Wobbe Index
[The Wobbe index code was based on code from Wobbe Index unit operation, Version 1.01
Release version, July 2, 1997, by Bob Starling.]
The Wobbe Index (or Wobbe Number) is a measure of how much heat will be released when a
gas is burnt. The Gas Properties extension calculates Wobbe data using methods and data
from ISO 6976:1995(E).
The Wobbe Number is calculated by dividing the higher heating value by the square root of
the density relative to air. The higher heating value is the amount of heat obtained during
combustion when the water produced in the combustion is condensed. The lower heating
value is the amount obtained when this water is not condensed.
8.1 Source Data
The Gas properties extension uses the following source data for the individual components:
 Square Root of B – referred to as RB from now on (Used to calculate Compressibility)
 LHV (Lower Heating Value)
 HHV (Higher Heating Value)

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For components with no information available, data from the nearest molecular weight
Alkane is used. Or for components heavier than C10, data from C10 is used.
8.2 Calculation Method
In all cases the composition of the Whole Stream is used, i.e. NOT just the vapour phase.
8.2.1 Compressibility Factor Z
2
 
Z  1   x i  RBi 
 i 

Where Z is the Compressibility Factor of the mixture, xi is the component mole fraction and
RBi is the component Square Root of B parameter.
8.2.2 Overall Lower Heating Value

x i  LHVi
LHV  i

Z
Where LHV is the overall lower heating value, and LHVi is the component lower heating
value.
8.2.3 Overall Higher Heating Value

x i  HHVi
HHV  i

Z
Where HHV is the overall higher heating value, and HHVi is the component higher heating
value.
8.2.4 Mass Density (This is reported at 1 atm and 15ºC)
From PV = ZnRT, the molar density can be found as 1/V=P/(Z.1.RT), hence the mass density
is P/(ZRT).MW. The equation used is:
x i  MWi
  kg/m 3
  Z  8.3145  288.15  101.325
i

8.2.5 Density relative to Air (Again at 1 atm and 15ºC)

Dividing the equation for the density of the stream by the equivalent one for the density of air
gives
x i  MWi
Z x i  MWi
0.99958
 rel  i
 air  i

Z MWair Z 28.962

8.2.6 Wobbe Index

HHV
Wobbe 
 rel

Where Wobbe is the reported Wobbe Index.

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8.2.7 Conversion to other units
The source component LHV and HHV values are in units of MJ/m3, so if other units are
selected the internal values calculated are converted using:
kJ/m3 Multiply by 1000
kcal/m3 Multiply by 238.846
Btu/ft3 Multiply by 26.8392
8.3 What Components have Data?
The Gas Properties extension includes data for the following components:
Methane n-Decane n-C21 Propene M-Cyclohexane
Ethane n-C11 n-C22 Methanol CO
Propane n-C12 n-C23 EGlycol CO2
i-Butane n-C13 n-C24 TEGlycol H2S
n-Butane n-C14 n-C25 Benzene Ammonia
i-Pentane n-C15 n-C26 Toluene H2O
n-Pentane n-C16 n-C27 E-Benzene Hydrogen
n-Hexane n-C17 n-C28 124-M-Benzene Nitrogen
n-Heptane n-C18 n-C29 Cyclopentane Argon
n-Octane n-C19 n-C30 Cyclohexane Oxygen
n-Nonane n-C20 Ethylene M-Cyclopentane
If the stream contains components other than these, then data for the hydrocarbon with the
nearest molecular weight is used. If the molecular weight is greater than decane, then the data
for decane is assumed. When data is being assumed a message will appear in the trace
window.
9 Water and Hydrocarbon dew point Calculation
The dew point temperature is the temperature at a given pressure at which liquid starts to
form. (Water and Hydrocarbon dew points indicate the type of liquid formed.)
The dew point calculation uses the following method. Initially a flash is performed to find the
temperature at which the vapour fraction is 1, at the stream pressure (i.e. when the vapour is
saturated). If the case doesn’t contain water this is reported as the hydrocarbon dew point. If
the case does contain water the type of liquid phase formed is determined, and the value
reported appropriately.
The temperature is then decreased until a second liquid phase forms, the temperature at which
this occurs is reported as the other dew point.
10 Heat Capacity Calculations
The heat capacities reported are for the vapour phase only.
10.1 How HYSYS calculates CP
In all versions of HYSYS CP is calculated rigorously from the molar enthalpy – temperature
relationship. How enthalpy is calculated depends on the thermodynamic model being used.
(See the HYSYS Simulation Basis manual for a full description of this)

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10.2 How HYSYS calculates CV
HYSYS does not report CV directly (hence this utility), instead Gamma (CP / CV), is displayed,
although CV is calculated internally by HYSYS in order to get Gamma.
The method used for calculating CV depends on which version of HYSYS is used.
 Before version 2.1.3, the Gamma value reported in HYSYS was based on a semi-ideal CV
(i.e. CV = CP - R)
 From version 2.1.3 HYSYS calculates CV internally using this equation:
2
 V  V
C P  CV  T   (1)
 T P  P T

where, T = Temperature, V = Molar Volume, P = Pressure. [See Appendix 2 for a derivation

of this equation from first principles]
If this method fails then HYSYS reports the semi-ideal value. A semi-ideal value will also be
calculated when:
 Stream has a solid phase
 Magnitude of dV/dP < 1  10 12 (because this cannot be distinguished from round off
errors)
 CP / CV < 0.1 or CP / CV > 20, since this is outside of the range of applicability
This method is considered to be the best and most rigorous way to calculate CP / CV.
10.3 Entropy Method for calculating Cv
The following relation is used in the gas properties entropy method
CV S
 (2)
T T V

where, S = Entropy, T = Temperature, V = Molar Volume. [See Appendix 1 for a derivation

of this equation from first principles]
This is approximated by:
S1  S 2 CV
 (3)
T1  T2  T1  T2  2
Where T1 = stream temperature (corresponding pressure = P1, molar volume = V1) and T2 = T1
+ 0.01 C, with pressure P2 at T2 set to give molar volume V2 equal to V1.
[This outline as used in Hysim Calculator program cpcv.hcl by Dain Stone / Process
Solutions (Nov 92, July 93)]

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10.4 Check of CP / CV results
Published CP / CV data at other than atmospheric pressure is limited, however Perry (7th Ed
Table 2-200 page 2-183) lists values for dry air at a wide range of temperatures and pressures.
Included below is a comparison of the different values for dry air (using a Peng Robinson
property package in HYSYS 2.2 (Build 3797)). The air composition used in the HYSYS case
was as follows:
Nitrogen 0.7803
Oxygen 0.2099
Argon 0.0094
CO2 0.0003
Hydrogen 0.0001
Table 1. Air Composition (mole fraction)
[From Gas Engineers Handbook 1st Ed, Table 2-64]

N.B. The blank values at 150K, 150 and 200 Bar are due to difficulties with the Peng
Robinson EOS at these conditions.

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 Pressure /bar
1 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000
Temp /K
150 1.410 1.510 1.668 2.333 4.120 3.973 3.202 2.507 2.243 2.091 1.988 1.851 1.768 1.712 1.654 1.639
200 1.406 1.452 1.505 1.630 1.781 1.943 2.093 2.274 2.236 2.140 2.050 1.920 1.832 1.771 1.682 1.619
250 1.403 1.429 1.457 1.517 1.577 1.640 1.699 1.816 1.877 1.896 1.885 1.836 1.782 1.743 1.681 1.636
300 1.402 1.418 1.436 1.470 1.505 1.537 1.570 1.640 1.687 1.716 1.730 1.727 1.707 1.683 1.645 1.619
350 1.399 1.411 1.422 1.446 1.467 1.488 1.509 1.553 1.589 1.612 1.627 1.640 1.638 1.629 1.605 1.585
400 1.395 1.404 1.412 1.429 1.444 1.460 1.472 1.505 1.529 1.548 1.563 1.579 1.584 1.580 1.567 1.555
450 1.392 1.397 1.404 1.416 1.428 1.438 1.449 1.471 1.490 1.505 1.518 1.533 1.541 1.542 1.537 1.528
500 1.387 1.391 1.395 1.406 1.414 1.421 1.430 1.448 1.463 1.474 1.484 1.499 1.507 1.510 1.510 1.504
600 1.377 1.378 1.382 1.386 1.392 1.398 1.403 1.413 1.423 1.432 1.439 1.448 1.457 1.461 1.465 1.466
800 1.353 1.355 1.357 1.359 1.361 1.365 1.366 1.372 1.375 1.381 1.384 1.392 1.397 1.401 1.406 1.409
1000 1.336 1.337 1.338 1.339 1.342 1.343 1.343 1.345 1.348 1.350 1.354 1.358 1.361 1.365 1.368 1.372
th
Table 2. Perry Dry Air CP / CV data (7 Ed Table 2-200 page 2-183)
Pressure /bar
1 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000
Temp /K

150 1.424 1.540 1.726 2.517 4.349 4.119 3.351 2.072 1.960 1.821 1.735 1.676 1.599 1.549
200 1.415 1.466 1.529 1.671 1.827 1.976 2.096 2.209 2.159 2.073 1.993 1.870 1.786 1.724 1.641 1.587
250 1.408 1.436 1.468 1.533 1.596 1.653 1.704 1.793 1.832 1.837 1.824 1.781 1.736 1.696 1.634 1.589
300 1.402 1.419 1.439 1.476 1.510 1.542 1.570 1.625 1.659 1.677 1.683 1.677 1.660 1.640 1.602 1.569
350 1.396 1.408 1.420 1.444 1.466 1.486 1.504 1.540 1.565 1.582 1.591 1.597 1.594 1.585 1.563 1.542
400 1.390 1.398 1.407 1.423 1.438 1.452 1.464 1.489 1.508 1.521 1.531 1.540 1.541 1.539 1.527 1.514
450 1.384 1.390 1.396 1.408 1.419 1.428 1.437 1.456 1.470 1.481 1.488 1.498 1.501 1.501 1.496 1.488
500 1.379 1.383 1.388 1.396 1.404 1.411 1.418 1.431 1.442 1.451 1.457 1.466 1.470 1.471 1.469 1.464
600 1.368 1.371 1.373 1.378 1.383 1.387 1.390 1.399 1.405 1.411 1.415 1.421 1.425 1.427 1.428 1.426
800 1.351 1.352 1.352 1.354 1.356 1.357 1.359 1.362 1.364 1.366 1.368 1.371 1.373 1.374 1.375 1.375
1000 1.337 1.338 1.338 1.338 1.339 1.339 1.340 1.341 1.342 1.343 1.343 1.344 1.345 1.345 1.345 1.345

Table 3. HYSYS Method calculated CP / CV values

Pressure /bar
1 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000
Temp /K

150 1.427 1.540 1.727 2.517 4.346 4.112 3.347 2.072 1.960 1.821 1.735 1.676 1.599 1.549
200 1.418 1.466 1.529 1.671 1.827 1.976 2.096 2.209 2.159 2.073 1.993 1.870 1.785 1.724 1.641 1.587
250 1.411 1.437 1.469 1.533 1.596 1.653 1.704 1.793 1.832 1.837 1.824 1.781 1.736 1.696 1.634 1.589
300 1.405 1.420 1.439 1.476 1.510 1.542 1.570 1.625 1.659 1.677 1.683 1.677 1.660 1.640 1.602 1.569
350 1.399 1.408 1.420 1.444 1.466 1.486 1.504 1.540 1.565 1.582 1.591 1.597 1.594 1.585 1.563 1.542
400 1.393 1.398 1.407 1.423 1.438 1.452 1.464 1.489 1.508 1.521 1.531 1.540 1.541 1.539 1.527 1.514
450 1.387 1.390 1.396 1.408 1.419 1.428 1.437 1.456 1.470 1.481 1.488 1.498 1.501 1.501 1.496 1.488
500 1.381 1.383 1.388 1.396 1.404 1.411 1.418 1.431 1.442 1.451 1.457 1.466 1.470 1.471 1.469 1.464
600 1.371 1.371 1.373 1.378 1.383 1.387 1.390 1.399 1.405 1.411 1.415 1.421 1.425 1.427 1.428 1.426
800 1.353 1.352 1.353 1.354 1.356 1.357 1.359 1.362 1.364 1.366 1.368 1.371 1.373 1.374 1.375 1.375
1000 1.340 1.338 1.338 1.339 1.339 1.340 1.340 1.341 1.342 1.343 1.343 1.344 1.345 1.345 1.345 1.345

Table 4. Entropy Method calculated CP / CV values

Pressure /bar
1 10 20 40 60 80 100 150 200 250 300 400 500 600 800 1000
Temp /K

150 1.409 1.361 1.303 1.182 1.092 1.093 1.114 1.184 1.195 1.210 1.220 1.228 1.238 1.246
200 1.407 1.383 1.358 1.310 1.270 1.240 1.218 1.196 1.196 1.201 1.208 1.219 1.228 1.235 1.246 1.253
250 1.403 1.389 1.375 1.348 1.325 1.306 1.290 1.264 1.251 1.245 1.243 1.244 1.247 1.251 1.258 1.263
300 1.399 1.390 1.380 1.363 1.348 1.335 1.324 1.303 1.289 1.280 1.275 1.270 1.269 1.269 1.271 1.274
350 1.394 1.388 1.381 1.369 1.359 1.349 1.341 1.324 1.313 1.304 1.298 1.291 1.287 1.285 1.284 1.284
400 1.389 1.384 1.380 1.371 1.363 1.356 1.350 1.337 1.327 1.319 1.314 1.306 1.301 1.298 1.295 1.294
450 1.383 1.380 1.377 1.370 1.364 1.359 1.354 1.344 1.335 1.329 1.324 1.316 1.311 1.307 1.303 1.301
500 1.378 1.376 1.373 1.368 1.363 1.359 1.355 1.347 1.340 1.335 1.330 1.323 1.318 1.314 1.309 1.307
600 1.368 1.366 1.365 1.362 1.359 1.356 1.354 1.348 1.343 1.339 1.336 1.330 1.326 1.322 1.317 1.314
800 1.351 1.350 1.349 1.348 1.346 1.345 1.344 1.341 1.339 1.336 1.334 1.331 1.328 1.326 1.322 1.319
1000 1.337 1.337 1.337 1.336 1.335 1.335 1.334 1.332 1.331 1.330 1.328 1.326 1.324 1.323 1.320 1.318

Table 5. Semi-Ideal calculated CP / CV values

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Appendix 1 – Derivation of Enthalpy Method CV equation
Derivation of:
CV S

T T V

Write
S S U
  (A1-1)
T V U V T V

From the definition of CV

U
CV  (A1-2)
T V

From the First Law and the definitions of work and entropy
dU  TdS  PdV (A1-3)
Write U  U  S ,V  and use the chain rule
U U
dU  dS  dV (A1-4)
S V V S

Comparing to (A1-3) gives

U
T (A1-5)
S V

Substituting (A1-2) and (A1-5) into (A1-1) gives

S 1
  CV (A1-6)
T V T

hence
CV S

T T V

Appendix 2 – Derivation of HYSYS Rigorous CV equation

Derivation of:
2
 V  V
C P  CV  T  
 T P  P T

From the definition of Enthalpy

H  U  PV (A2-1)
so substituting this into the definition of CP gives
H U V
CP   P (A2-2)
T P T P T P

combine with the definition of CV

U
CV  (A2-3)
T V

to give

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 U V U
C P  CV  P  (A2-4)
T P T P T V

Write U  U  T , V  and use the chain rule

U U
dU  dT  dV (A2-5)
T V V T

now differentiate with respect to T at constant P

U U T U V
  (A2-6)
T P T V T P V T T P

simplify and rearrange

U U U V
  (A2-7)
T P T V V T T P

U
Now substitute for T in (A2-4)
P

U U V V U
C P  CV   P 
T V V T T P T P T V

U V V
 P (A2-8)
V T T P T P

 U  V
   P 
 V T  T P

U
Now V can be rewritten to eliminate the P in the bracket.
T

Write S  S  T , V  and use the chain rule

S S
dS  dT  dV (A2-9)
T V V T

From equation (A1-6)

S 1
  CV
T V T

and a Maxwell equation gives

S P

V T T V

hence
CV P
dS  dT  dV (A2-10)
T T V

From the First Law and the definitions of work and entropy
dU  TdS  PdV (A2-11)
and substitute for dS using (A2-10)
 P 
dU  CV dT  T  P  dV (A2-12)
 T V 

Comparing to (A2-5) gives

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 U P
T P (A2-13)
V T T V

Substitute (A2-13) into (A2-8) to give

P V
C P  CV  T (A2-14)
T V T P

Now use the triple product relationship

P V T
   1 (A2-15)
T V P T V P

rearranged to give
V
P
  T P
(A2-16)
T V
V
P T

to substitute into (A2-14) to give

2
 V  V
C P  CV  T  
 T P  P T

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