Question 1

Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

The leadership paradox is best stated as the fact that:

Select one:
a. teams usually need leaders, but the very presence of a leader threatens the autonomy of a team.
b. leaders often know what to do, but are reluctant to share that knowledge with their team.
c. leaders must pay attention to cognition (rationality) and emotion (intuition) when making
decisions.
d. leaders often change their mind immediately after having made a decision.

Question 2
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

The theory that argues that leadership is largely an inborn characteristic of a person, and is largely
inflexible and not easily developed, learned, or acquired is best termed:

Select one:
a. incremental theory.
b. leadership paradox.
c. entity theory.
d. leader categorization theory.

Question 3
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00
 Flag question

Question text

The trait theory of leadership argues that leadership is largely an inborn characteristic of a person.
Which of the following traits is attributed to people who are one of these types of theoretical leaders?

Select one:
a. Their leadership style encourages team freedom and autonomy.
b. Their command is viewed as decentralized.
c. They have great humility and nobility.
d. They take and are given too little blame for corporate failures.

Question 4
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

The research on personality and leadership has found evidence for all of the following EXCEPT:

Select one:
a. intelligence, and in particular, GMA (General Mental Ability) is linked to career success.
b. narcissistic people are more likely to emerge as leaders in a group, but they are no more skilled
than others.
c. there is some indication from cross-sectional data that first-born children may be more intelligent.
d. male leaders engage in more task-oriented behavior; female leaders engage in more relational-
oriented behaviors.

Question 5
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00
 Flag question

Question text

There is overwhelming evidence that environmental and situational factors strongly affect leadership.
Of the following, which is the best example of one of those situational factors?

Select one:
a. Positive personality
b. Pragmatism about solutions
c. Seating arrangements
d. Diversity of network contacts

Question 6
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

In terms of leadership selection, an investigation of team performance showed that teams with
__________ leaders performed better on all organizational decision-making tasks than did teams
whose leaders were __________.

Select one:
a. quickly selected; slowly selected
b. passive; aggressive
c. randomly selected; systematically selected
d. team-selected; top-management selected

Question 7
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00
 Flag question

Question text

Which of the following behaviors is typical from leaders of a transactional leadership style?

Select one:
a. Develop employees that are adaptive and proactive in response to change.
b. Have more satisfied subordinates.
c. Reward compliant behavior and punish employees if they fail to complete tasks.
d. Create teams that are characterized by collective openness to experience, agreeableness,
extraversion, and greater conscientiousness.

Question 8
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

__________ leaders allow members of their team more freedom in their work, permit team members
to use their own judgment in solving problems, and grant members authority. Conversely,
__________ leaders typically act as the spokesperson of their group, push for more work and higher
production, and determine what should be done and how it should be accomplished.

Select one:
a. Person-focused; task-oriented
b. Participatory; contingent
c. Transactional; transformational
d. Extrinsically-motivated; intrinsically-motivated

Question 9
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00
 Flag question

Question text

Transformational leadership is based on a leader’s__________; transactional leadership is based on

a leader’s __________.

Select one:
a. power to reinforce team members for their successful completion of a task; ability to motivate their
teams to work toward goals that go beyond immediate self-interest
b. ability to motivate their teams to work toward goals that go beyond immediate self-interest; power
to reinforce team members for their successful completion of a task
c. active engagement with a team through highly visible behaviors; passive engagement with a team
via laissez-faire behaviors
d. passive engagement with a team via laissez-faire behaviors; active engagement with a team
through highly visible behaviors

Question 10
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

Transformational leaders rely on three behaviors to produce change: intellectual stimulation,

charisma, and:

Select one:
a. a commanding presence.
b. individualized consideration.
c. discipline.
d. pragmatism.

Question 11
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00
 Flag question

Question text

What is the main point of difference between autocratic and democratic leadership styles?

Select one:
a. The mental image of an ideal leader as an implicit benchmark determining a person’s receptivity
toward an actual leader.
b. Possession of authority.
c. Emotional connection with team.
d. Task-orientation of team.

Question 12
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

The mood contagion model argues that:

Select one:
a. leaders transmit their own moods to team members, and this affects their behavior.
b. a leader who is experiencing negative affects (emotions) also displays negative behaviors.
c. leaders need to balance negative mood states with positive mood states.
d. leaders and team members are unaware of their own moods, but infer them based upon the
behaviors of others.

Question 13
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question
Question text

In regard to intergroup conflict, a group that competes for things like new hires or clients with another
group is engaged in __________ conflict.

Select one:
a. extremism
b. symbolic
c. team rivalry
d. realistic

Question 14
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

Realistic conflict is conflict __________; symbolic conflict is conflict __________.

Select one:
a. that occurs in in-groups; that occurs with out-groups
b. that occurs with out-groups; that occurs with in-groups
c. based on scarce resources; based on values and beliefs
d. based on values and beliefs; based on scarce resources

Question 15
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

An investigation of the Western Cannon Debate (a dispute concerning the choice of books in
introductory civilization and literature courses) found what results?

Select one:
a. Extremism—people on opposing sides of the debate exaggerated the actual differences.
b. Symbolism—people on opposing sides of the debate were focused on symbols as opposed to
scarce resources.
c. Racism—people on opposing sides of the debate held racist attitudes toward the other group.
d. Denial—people on opposing sides of the debate denied the existence of privilege.

Question 16
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

All of the following are documented biases that can emerge in intergroup conflict EXCEPT:

Select one:
a. stereotyping.
b. in-group bias.
c. racism.
d. out-group heterogeneity bias.

Question 17
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

All of the following are disadvantages related to biases associated with the categorization process
EXCEPT?

Select one:
a. it lessens the need to consider the out-group member’s point of view.
b. members of out-groups are more extremely evaluated.
c. stereotypes are used to predict people's behavior.
d. can help groups achieve their goals, protect their interests, and clarify communication needs.
Question 18
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

Which of the following terms refers to the effects of in-group bias at a national or regional level?

Select one:
a. Collective narcissism
b. Implicit group metafavoritism
c. Ethnocentrism
d. Racism

Question 19
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

Despite a verbal preference for people who behave in an “egalitarian” way, people actually prefer
others in their groups to display in-group bias. This phenomenon is best termed:

Select one:
a. ethnocentrism.
b. implicit group metafavoritism.
c. collective narcissism.
d. cognitive identity.

Question 20
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00
 Flag question

Question text

Joe was born into a wealthy family who are Catholics. Which of the following characteristics ascribe
advantages to Joe in an unearned way?

Select one:
a. Effort
b. Ability
c. Religion
d. Individual merit

Question 21
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

When groups use apology in the face of intergroup conflict, which is the least likely result of that
apology?

Select one:
a. Decreased likelihood of forgiveness
b. Increased anger
c. Increased trust of the out-group
d. Increased desire for retribution

Question 22
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question
Question text

This bias illustrates a pervasive tendency for people to assume much greater homogeneity of
opinion, belief, expression and interest among members of an out-group than those of their own
group:

Select one:
a. out-group approach bias.
b. out-group homogeneity bias.
c. discrimination.
d. stereotyping.

Question 23
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

Strategies for reducing the negative effects of intergroup conflicts include:

Select one:
a. categorization.
b. focusing on super-ordinate goals.
c. marginalization.
d. hierarchical reporting relationships.

Question 24
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

According to the “contact hypothesis”, for contact to work (be effective), all of the following need to
be in place EXCEPT:

Select one:
a. social and institutional support.
b. acquaintance potential.
c. equal status.
d. within group friendships.

Question 25
Correct
2.00 points out of 2.00

Flag question

Question text

The process of exchange, termed “perspective giving and perspective taking”, is one in which a
party is asked to write about their difficulties with a situation, and a second party is told to accurately
summarize the statement of the first party. Each of the following statements is related to this type of
exchange EXCEPT:

Select one:
a. a team’s exposure to information related to an out-group’s heterogeneity in terms of their positive
and negative characteristics reduces prejudices.
b. trying to be empathetic when interacting with an out-group member has positive effects when the
out-group member discloses hardships and expresses a need for support.
c. trying to be empathetic when interacting with an out-group member who is not expressing a call
for help can back-fire and result in negative perceptions.
d. a team’s exclusive exposure to an out-group’s positive characteristics is the most effective means
to reduce in-group prejudices.