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1200 MM ID MANOLE
Introduction:
The 1200 mm inside diameter precast concrete manhole, drawings shown on page
3, has a typical wall thickness of 135 mm, a base with benching having a minimum
thickness of 150 mm and a top slab having a thickness of 205 mm with a side
opening of 600 mm ID.
The minimum depth to invert level = 1,500 mm and the maximum is 4,500 mm.
Hence the shaft is made from various length sections as required to reach the design
depth.
Loads:
Dead: (DC) Self weigh of the concrete is included in the analysis program and added
to the Dead Load Case using a unit weight of 24 kN/m3.
Weight of the soil and possible pavement on top of the manhole is applied on
top of the roof slab assuming 150 mm thick sub-base (0.15*20 = 0.3 kN/m2) +
200 mm pavement (0.2*24 = 4.8 kN/m2) (Total = 5.1 kN/m2)
Live: (LL1 & LL2) As per AASHTO LRFD HS20 loading, the rear axle load of HS20
truck is 145 kN. Hence the dual wheels of the axle apply 72.5 kN. (Section
3.6.1.2.2)
Contact area = 510mmx250mm (Section 3.6.1.2.5)
Impact factor 1.33 * 72.5 = 96.4 kN, hence a uniformly distribute load of
96.4/(0.25*0.51) /1000= 0.756 N/mm2 is applied on top of roof slab.
This load is to be applied in two cases: one case (LL1) is directly on top of the
roof slab at a location to produce maximum response as calculated above
(distribution effect of soil cover is conservatively ignored), and the other (LL2)
is on top of the adjusting ring which is added specifically for this purpose and
applied as a uniformly distributed load over half a circle (700*3.14*100)/2 =
109900 mm, magnitude of 96.4*1000/109900 = 0.877 N/mm2.
Soil & Water: Unit weight of backfill is assumed 20 kN/m3, angle of internal friction =
30 degrees, hence ka = 0.33 and kp = 3.0.
The predominantly governing loading condition is where the water table rises
to ground level. Hence load is as follows:
Water (WA) = h*10kN/m3
Soil (EH) = h*(20-10)*0.33 = h*3.3kN/m3
((1))
Combinations:
Analysis:
The analysis is carried using the general analysis program SAP 2000 using shell
elements with maximum element size equal to thickness of the members.
The maximum manhole depth of 4500 mm is analyzed for it would be the most
severe condition.
Precast sections are modeled as separate substructures with their ends at the
connections modeled as cantilevers having one half their actual lengths and
thickness of half their typical thickness, as will be shown on the following pages.
This is a conservative assumption. Links as beam elements at all joints are used to
provide the continuity of the model. These link elements are fixed on their bottom to
the bottom section and pinned at their top as they connect to the top section.
The upper portion on top of the roof slab (adjusting ring) is to be designed and
provided by others which means in principle not needed to be included in this model.
However, only one ring (100 mm high) is added to provide a way to apply the LL2
load case. The shell properties of this ring are reduced significantly such that it will
not contribute to the stiffness of the roof slab.
The base slab is supported on springs simulating the soil subgrade reactions.
Modulus of subgrade reaction = 6.9 N/mm2 .
Pages 4 through 9 show key graphics explaining the features, boundary conditions,
and geometry of the model.
Pages 15 through 35 contain graphics showing key output and responses as well as
calculations of required reinforcement , accordingly.
Pages 36 through 40 contain input information tables from the analysis program.
((2))
((3))
SAP2000 2/24/13 12:16:30
100 mm thick
205 mm thick elements
elements
67.6 mm thick
elements
135 mm thick
elements
67.6 mm thick
elements
135 mm thick
elements
See next page for
enlarged view
67.6 mm thick
elements
135 mm thick
elements
Side View
Element mesh
((4))
SAP2000 2/24/13 12:26:29
135 mm thick
elements
67.6 mm thick
elements
Link (Beam)
member
released on
the top
67.6 mm thick
elements
135 mm thick
elements
Enlarged view to show how the joint is modeled, see previous page
Further clarifications are shown on following pages
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SAP2000 2/24/13 13:10:32
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SAP2000 2/24/13 13:15:47
135 mm thick
elements
Link Element
67.6 mm thick
elements
135 mm thick
elements
((9))
SAP2000 2/24/13 13:30:44
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Analysis Model - Area Uniform Resultants - N, mm, C Units
((10))
Top Slab showing the tire contact area of 250mmx510 mm
Where the load is approximately applied
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SAP2000 2/24/13 14:01:46
Live load case 2 (LL2) showing applied loads on the inside half
of the adjusting ring
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Analysis Model - Area Surface Pressure - Face 2 (LL2) - KN, m, C Units
((12))
SAP2000 2/24/13 14:22:46
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Analysis Model - Area Surface Pressure - Face Top (Water) - KN, m, C Units
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SAP2000 2/24/13 14:24:37
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Analysis Model - Area Surface Pressure - Face Top (Earth) - KN, m, C Units
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SAP2000 2/24/13 14:44:12
-156. -144. -132. -120. -108. -96. -84. -72. -60. -48. -36. -24. -12. 0. E-3
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SAP2000 2/24/13 14:45:04
-156. -144. -132. -120. -108. -96. -84. -72. -60. -48. -36. -24. -12. 0. E-3
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SAP2000 2/24/13 14:39:50
-3.00 -2.25 -1.50 -0.75 0.00 0.75 1.50 2.25 3.00 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Stress SMAX Diagram - Visible Face (STRENGTH I-1) - N, mm, C Units
((17))
SAP2000 2/24/13 14:40:33
-7.50 -6.75 -6.00 -5.25 -4.50 -3.75 -3.00 -2.25 -1.50 -0.75 0.00 0.75 1.50 2.25
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Stress SMIN Diagram - Visible Face (STRENGTH I-1) - N, mm, C Units
((18))
SAP2000 2/24/13 14:46:16
-1.10 -0.55 0.00 0.55 1.10 1.65 2.20 2.75 3.30 3.85 4.40 4.95 5.50 6.05
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Stress SMAX Diagram - Visible Face (STRENGTH I-2) - N, mm, C Units
((19))
SAP2000 2/24/13 14:46:54
-7.15 -6.50 -5.85 -5.20 -4.55 -3.90 -3.25 -2.60 -1.95 -1.30 -0.65 0.00 0.65 1.30
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Stress SMIN Diagram - Visible Face (STRENGTH I-2) - N, mm, C Units
((20))
SAP2000 2/24/13 14:49:08
Maximum Bending
Moment contours in the
shell due to load combination
STRENGTH I-1
0.0 4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 27.0 31.5 36.0 40.5 45.0 49.5 54.0 58.5
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Resultant MMAX Diagram (STRENGTH I-1) - KN, m, C Units
((21))
SAP2000 2/24/13 14:52:27
6.0 kN-m/m
Minimum Bending
Moment contours in the
shell due to load combination
STRENGTH I-2
-9.6 -7.2 -4.8 -2.4 0.0 2.4 4.8 7.2 9.6 12.0 14.4 16.8 19.2 21.6
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Resultant MMIN Diagram (STRENGTH I-1) - KN, m, C Units
((22))
SAP2000 2/24/13 14:54:50
Maximum Bending
Moment contours in the
shell due to load combination
STRENGTH I-2
0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 28.0 32.0 36.0 40.0 44.0 48.0 52.0
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Resultant MMAX Diagram (STRENGTH I-2) - KN, m, C Units
((23))
SAP2000 2/24/13 14:58:05
7.0 kN-m/m
Minimum Bending
Moment contours in the
shell due to load combination
STRENGTH I-2
-15.0 -13.5 -12.0 -10.5 -9.0 -7.5 -6.0 -4.5 -3.0 -1.5 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Resultant MMIN Diagram (STRENGTH I-2) - KN, m, C Units
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CONCAD -- Reinforced Concrete Analysis and Design
Using the ACI 318-95 Strength Design Method
Prjct: Name:
Topic: Date:
Page: 1 Chkd:
a
C
d
Compute Force in Tension Block
T = 284(420) = 119.28 kN T
Parameter B1 = 0.835714
Balanced Reinforcement Ratio = 0.031836733
Maximum Reinforcement Ratio = 0.75(0.031836733) = 0.02387755
Minimum Reinforcement Ratio = 0.0036 (0.0018 on Gross Section)
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SAP2000 2/24/13 15:20:13
-3.00 -2.25 -1.50 -0.75 0.00 0.75 1.50 2.25 3.00 3.75 4.50 5.25 6.00 6.75
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Stress SMAX Diagram - Visible Face (STRENGTH I-1) - N, mm, C Units
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SAP2000 2/24/13 15:20:40
-7.50 -6.75 -6.00 -5.25 -4.50 -3.75 -3.00 -2.25 -1.50 -0.75 0.00 0.75 1.50 2.25
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Stress SMIN Diagram - Visible Face (STRENGTH I-1) - N, mm, C Units
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SAP2000 2/24/13 15:21:51
-1.10 -0.55 0.00 0.55 1.10 1.65 2.20 2.75 3.30 3.85 4.40 4.95 5.50 6.05
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Stress SMAX Diagram - Visible Face (STRENGTH I-2) - N, mm, C Units
((28))
SAP2000 2/24/13 15:21:17
-7.15 -6.50 -5.85 -5.20 -4.55 -3.90 -3.25 -2.60 -1.95 -1.30 -0.65 0.00 0.65 1.30
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Stress SMIN Diagram - Visible Face (STRENGTH I-2) - N, mm, C Units
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SAP2000 2/24/13 15:23:15
50kN-m/m
4.0 kN-m/m
0.0 4.5 9.0 13.5 18.0 22.5 27.0 31.5 36.0 40.5 45.0 49.5 54.0 58.5
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Resultant MMAX Diagram (STRENGTH I-1) - KN, m, C Units
((30))
SAP2000 2/24/13 15:25:10
21 kN-m/m
10 kN-m/m
-9.6 -7.2 -4.8 -2.4 0.0 2.4 4.8 7.2 9.6 12.0 14.4 16.8 19.2 21.6
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Resultant MMIN Diagram (STRENGTH I-1) - KN, m, C Units
((31))
SAP2000 2/24/13 15:27:08
44 kN-m/m
4.0 kN-m/m
0.0 4.0 8.0 12.0 16.0 20.0 24.0 28.0 32.0 36.0 40.0 44.0 48.0 52.0
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Resultant MMAX Diagram (STRENGTH I-2) - KN, m, C Units
((32))
SAP2000 2/24/13 15:28:58
10 kN-m/m
9 kN-m/m
-15.0 -13.5 -12.0 -10.5 -9.0 -7.5 -6.0 -4.5 -3.0 -1.5 0.0 1.5 3.0 4.5
SAP2000 v15.0.0 - File:1200 - Resultant MMIN Diagram (STRENGTH I-2) - KN, m, C Units
((33))
CONCAD -- Reinforced Concrete Analysis and Design
Using the ACI 318-95 Strength Design Method
Prjct: Name:
Topic: Date: BOTTOM SLAB
Page: 1 Chkd:
a
C
d
Compute Force in Tension Block
T = 473.333(420) = 198.8 kN T
Parameter B1 = 0.835714
Balanced Reinforcement Ratio = 0.031836733
Maximum Reinforcement Ratio = 0.75(0.031836733) = 0.02387755
Minimum Reinforcement Ratio = 0.0036 (0.0018 on Gross Section)
((34))
CONCAD -- Reinforced Concrete Analysis and Design
Using the ACI 318-95 Strength Design Method
Prjct: Name:
Topic: Date:
TOP SLAB (ROOF)
Page: 3 Chkd:
a
C
d
Compute Force in Tension Block
T = 925.966(420) = 388.906 kN T
Parameter B1 = 0.835714
Balanced Reinforcement Ratio = 0.031836733
Maximum Reinforcement Ratio = 0.75(0.031836733) = 0.02387755
Minimum Reinforcement Ratio = 0.00246 (0.0018 on Gross Section)
((35))
1200.sdb SAP2000 v15.0.0 - License #2AB75
24 February 2013
((36))
1200.sdb SAP2000 v15.0.0 - License #2AB75
24 February 2013
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1200.sdb SAP2000 v15.0.0 - License #2AB75
24 February 2013
Soil
Water
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1200.sdb SAP2000 v15.0.0 - License #2AB75
24 February 2013
DC
LL1
LL2
WA
EH
((39))
1200.sdb SAP2000 v15.0.0 - License #2AB75
24 February 2013
Yes
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