Table of content

1. Introduction………………………………………………………………………….3
2. Determination of the estimated water horizons at bridge sections ……......4
3. Determination of channel deformations at bridge sections ………….…….7
4. Conclusions……………………………………………………………………….…9
Literature………………………………………………………………………………..12
Appendices…………………………………………………………………………..…13

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 1. Introduction
This hydrological report is a continuation of a previously compiled report, which,
among other things, justifies the need not for reconstruction, but for the construction of
new bridges No. 5 and No. 6 across the Surkhob (Shurobdara) and Obimazar rivers.
The hydraulic substantiation of the bridges consisted in determining the water
horizons corresponding to the estimated costs, and the depth of erosion at the elements
of bridges and the slope of the road when exposed to water flow.
The estimated maximum water consumption, justified in the previous report, was:
2% of water permeability (according to category, road) for the bridge number 5 - 653 m3
/ s, for the bridge number 6 - 511 m3 / s and 5% of water permeability, respectively 545
m3 / with and 438 m3 / s.
Maximum water flow rates of 5% water permeability (channel-forming costs) are
calculated to determine the width of the stable channel on which the main stream
concentrates on divagative rivers with a considerable width of the channel.
When calculating applied normative documents operating in the territory of
Tajikistan.
2. Determination of the estimated water horizons at bridges sections

Preliminary for the Surkhob (Shurobdara) and Obimazar rivers with a channel
width exceeding 300 m, the width of the stable channel was calculated, which is formed
by frequently repeated floods and established in different parts of the wandering zone
depending on the flow conditions upstream.

The width of the steady channel is determined by the formula:

Вsteady. = А (Q0,5for : i0,2)
Qfor. – formative discharge 5% WP;
I – longitudinal slope of the river;
А – coefficient depending on the characteristics of the river section.
Under А = 1,0 (for the submontain area with eroded shores):
for r. Surkhob (Shurobdara) Bsteady. = 1.0 x (5450,5: 0.00800,2) ~ 60 m
for r. Obimazar Вsteadyт.=1,0х(4380,5. : 0,0150,2) ~ 50 m

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 It is believed that the width of the steady channel focuses 80% of the estimated
flow of the river (in our case, 2% of the WP), i.e. on p. Surkhob (Shurobdara) 653х0.8 =
522 m3 / s; on r. Obimazar 511х0.8 = 409 m3 / s.

The water horizons are calculated by hydraulic method, while the average flow rate
is calculated by the formula: Vaf= m haf2/3 I ½

Bridge number 5 through the river. Surkhob (Shurobdara)

Table 1 shows the results of the calculation of the passage of the flood of 2% of
water permeability in the section of the bridge with the concentration of 80% of the
estimated flow on the width of the steady channel, equal to 60 m when: Q=522 м3/с,
hср.=2,58 m, ω=155 m2, Vср.=3,37 m/s, iр = 0,0080

Table # 1
РГВВ2% Нmax., м Vmax., м/с
Cross section at 80 m above the bridge (пк 2+00)
915,15 3,06 3,67
Cross section at 40 m above the bridge (пк 1+60)
914,83 2,94 3,60
Cross section of Bridge (пк 1+20)- variant 8х24 m
914,13 2,81 3,52
Cross section at 20 m below the bridge (пк 1+00)
914,00 2,96 3,61
Cross section at 60 m below the bridge (пк 0+60)
913,76 2,69 3,44
Cross section at 120 m below the bridge (пк 0+00)
913,44 2,77 3,49

On the bridge section, the river is regulated to 250 m and for comparison, Table
No. 2 shows the results of calculating the passage of a flood of 2% WP at the bridge
section when passing a design flow equal to Q = 653 m3 / s across the width of the whole
channel.

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 Table #2

Depth, m Flow rate, m/s

РГВВ2% В, m ω, m2
hср. Нmax. Vaf. Vmax.
Cross section at 80 m above the bridge (пк 2+00)
914,16 250 312 1,25 1,69 2,09 2,43
Cross section at 40 m above the bridge (пк 1+60)
913,84 218 297 1,36 1,59 2,20 2,39
Cross section of the bridge (пк 1+20)- variants 8х24 m
913,60 171 269 1,57 1,91 2,42 2,67
Cross section at 20 m below the bridge (пк 1+00)
913,28 192 282 1,47 1,75 2,31 2,52
Cross section at 60 m below the bridge (пк 0+60)
912,92 213 294 1,38 1,52 2,22 2,33
Cross section at 120 m below the bridge (пк 0+00)
912,67 214 295 1,38 1,76 2,22 2,51

As can be seen, the difference in elevations is significant (up to 1 m), but when
designing a new bridge, it is necessary to take into account the concentration of the flow
on the width of the stable channel. This is evidenced by the fact that in recent years the
main course is pressed to the right bank, although the possibility of moving it to the left
bank is not excluded.

The correctness of the determination of the width of a stable channel and the
concentration of the main stream on it, is confirmed by earlier calculations on other rivers.

It should be mentioned that the calculations under concentrating the flow on the
width of a stable channel were carried out taking into account the channel erosion taking
place at the same time and a certain decrease in the calculated horizon.

Bridge number 6 through the river. Obimazor

Conditions for the passage of floods on the river. Obimazar differ from previous
ones. First of all, the situation above the bridge is such that the main stream is constantly
pressed to the right bank, destroying the dam and pouring over it, and the left part of the
river along which the road passes is covered with longstanding soft soil.

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 The unfortunate location of the existing bridge (with a significant tangle) only
aggravated the flow of the stream.

The construction of a new bridge (6x24 m) is scheduled to be 35 m downstream

along the normal to the flow.

The current hydrological situation above the bridge is such that the flow will flow
in 3 extreme spans at a width exceeding the width of the steady channel (68.4 m).

To substantiate the calculated horizon, calculations were carried out for several
options for passing the flood (archival storage materials):

- concentration of 80% of the estimated consumption in the 3 extreme right-bank

spans;

- concentration of 80% of the estimated flow rate at the width of the steady channel
(50 m), taking into account the channel erosion;

- the passage of the estimated flow rate in all spans of the bridge.

The results for the first 2 options are comparable, in the 3rd - the discrepancy was
~ 0.3 m.

Finally adopted the first option, as more real.

Table 3 shows the results of the calculation of the passage of a flood of 2% of

water permeability on the bridge section at a concentration of 80% of the estimated flow
in 3 right-bank spans at a width of 68.4 m, with: Q=409 m3/s, hср.=1,81 m, ω=124 m2,
Vср.=3,27 m/s, iр = 0,015

Table # 3
РГВВ2% Нmax., м Vmax., m/s
Cross section at 100 m above the bridge (пк 3+00)
947,12 2,46 3,81
Cross section at 40 m above the bridge (пк 2+40)
946,27 2,53 3,87
Cross section of bridge (пк 2+00)-variant 6х24 м
945,75 2,52 3,86
Cross section at 60 m at bridge (пк 1+40)

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 945,00 2,48 3,83
Cross section at 100 m below the bridge (пк 1+00)
644,36 2,53 3,87
Cross section at 200 m below the bridge (пк 0+00)
943,49 2,89 4,13

3. Determination of vertical channel deformations

Calculation of erosion of the channel on the sections of bridges was to determine

the depth of the local erosion at the protective cones, as well as at the intermediate
supports of the bridge. The overall erosion caused by the restriction of the channel flow
by bridges was not calculated, since the condition of the channels stabilized during the
period of operation of the existing bridges that hampered the flow.

At the coastal slopes, the calculation was made according to the formula S.T.
Altunina:

ΔНр= Нр - Но

Нр – maximum depth after local erosion, m;

Но – the depth of the flow at the approach to the construction, m, due to the
wandering nature of the flow is taken the greatest.

Нр = СНо

С – local erosion coefficient, determined by the formula:

С = 1: √ 1+m2│6 (Vф SINα : Vо)к + SINα (m – 6) │+ 1

m – laying of pressured slope,

Vф – maximum flow rate, m/f;

Vо – erosive velocity of given soil, m/f,

Vо = 0,64 (Но dср)1/4; dср в мм

α – yaw to structure;

к – exponent, к = 1: (1+а), where а = 1: (2+Но)

Calculations are given in the appendices. № 1,2.

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 For intermediate channel supports of bridges on piles with a diameter of 1.2 m
and a distance in the plan between them of 4.8 m, provided that bottom sediments are
drawn into the sinkhole and drawn by the flow (V> Vо), the maximum depth of local
erosion is determined by the formula:

h = [hо+0.014 (V-Vo):w х b] МК

ho = 6.2 β H : (Vo : w)β β = 0,18 (b:Н)0,867

b – effective width of anchorage, m

Н – flow depth before anchorage, m

V – flow rate on the vertical before anchorage, m/f

Vo – erosive velocity of given soil, m/f

W – hydraulic size of soil particles, m, m/f

М – shape coefficient of anchor depending on construction of anchors

К – the coefficient of cosine, depending on the angle formed by the longitudinal

axis of the anchor with the direction of flow before the anchor and the ratio of the
length and width of the anchor.

Under initial data of Bridge No. 5: Н=2,81 m; V=3,52 м/с; Vо=2,13 м/с; W=0,72
м/с; b = 1,20 м; L=4,8 м

β = 0,18х (1,20:2,81)0,867 = 0,086

ho = 6,2 х 0,086 х 2,81 : (2,13:0,72)0,086 = 1,37 м М=1

К = 1+[1,22-1,12: √(Н: b+0,75)3]f f=f(L:b=4,8: 1,20=4; α=20о)=0,9

К = 1+[1,22-1,12: √(2,81: 1,2+0,75)3]х0,9 = 1,91

h = [1,37 + 0,014 х (3,52 -2,13) : 0,72 х1,20] х 1 х 1,91 = 3,05 м

Local erosion line: 911,69 – 3,05 = 908,64

Under initial data of Bridge No.6 : Н=2,52 м; V=3,86 м/с; Vо=2,20 м/с; W=0,80
м/с; b = 1,20 м; L=4,8 м

β = 0,18х (1,20:2,52)0,867 = 0,095

ho = 6,2 х 0,095 х 2,52 : (2,20:0,80)0,086 = 1,34 м М=1

К = 1+[1,22-1,12: √(Н: b+0,75)3]f f=f(L:b=4,8:1,20=4; α=20о)=0,9

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 К = 1+[1,22-1,12: √(2,52:1,2+0,75)3]х0,9 = 1,89

h = [1,34 + 0,014 х (3,86 -2,20) : 0,80 х1,20] х 1 х 1,89 = 2,59 м

Local erosion line: 943,23 – 2,59 = 940,64

4. Conclusions

The existing bridges No. 5.6 across the Surkhob (Shurobdara) and Obimazar
rivers are being replaced with new ones.

Since the bridges are located on straying rivers and in the submontane zone,
where the flood width exceeds 300 m, the river beds overlap by multi-span bridges. With
a significant spill width, the main stream, i.e. most of the flow, usually focuses on a certain
width, necessary for the passage of ordinary floods.

Based on the foregoing, hydraulic calculations for justifying the height position of
bridges are calculated for the unfavorable conditions for the passage of maximum floods.

Below are the results of calculations for hydraulic justification of the bridges.

Bridge number 5 through the river. Surkhob (Shurobdara)

Maximum water consumption 2% ВП – 653 m3/с

Based on the flow conditions in the bridge section, the calculated characteristics
are calculated taking into account the concentration of 80% of the estimated flow rate at
the width of the steady channel.

Hydraulic characteristics of the river on the bridge section at a concentration of

80% of the estimated flow rate on the width of a stable channel equal to 60 m:

Q=522 м3/с, hср.=2,58 м, ω=155 м2, Vср.=3,37 м/с, iр = 0,0080

Depth of
РГВВ2% Нmax., м Vmax., м/с Line of local
erosion, m at
erosion
slopes 1:1,5
Cross section at 80 m above the bridge (пк 2+00)
915,15 3,06 3,67 2,33 909,76
Cross section at 40 m above the bridge (пк 1+60)
914,83 2,94 3,60 2,23 909,66
Cross section of bridge (пк 1+20) – variant 8х24 m

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 914,13 2,81 3,52 2,62 909,07
Cross section at 20 m below the bridge (пк 1+00)
914,00 2,96 3,61 2,24 908,80
Cross section at 60 m below the bridge (пк 0+60)
913,76 2,69 3,44 2,01 909,06
Cross section at 120 m below the bridge (пк 0+00)
913,34 2,77 3,49 2,07 908,50

The depth of erosion at the intermediate supports is 3.05 m, the line of local
erosion (L. m.) Is 908.64.

Bridge number 6 through the river. Obimazar

The maximum water consumption of 2% WP - 511 m3 / s

Based on the flow conditions above the bridge, the calculated characteristics are
calculated taking into account the concentration of 80% of the estimated flow in 3 right-
bank spans.

The hydraulic characteristics of the river on the bridge section at a concentration of 80%
of the estimated flow in 3 right-bank spans at a width of 68.4 m.

Q=409 м3/с, hср.=1,81 м, ω=124 м2, Vср.=3,27 м/с, iр = 0,015

Depth of
РГВВ2% Нmax., м Vmax., м/с Line of local
erosion, m at
erosion
slopes 1:1,5
Cross section at 100 m above the bridge (пк 3+00)
947,12 2,46 3,81 2,03 942,63
Cross section at 40 m above the bridge (пк 2+40)
946,27 2,53 3,87 2,10 941,64
Cross section of bridge (пк 2+00) –variant 6х24 m
945,75 2,52 3,86 2,09 941,14
Cross section at 60 m below the bridge (пк 1+40)
945,00 2,48 3,83 2,05 940,47
Cross section at 100 m below the bridge (пк 1+00)
944,36 2,53 3,87 2,10 939,73

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 Cross section at 200 m below the bridge (пк 0+00)
943,49 2,89 4,13 2,45 938,15

The depth of erosion at intermediate supports is 2.59 m, the line of local erosion
(l.er) is 940.64.

The tendency of concentration of the main stream at the right bank was formed
over a long period of operation of the bridge. The left stretch of the river along which the
road passes is covered with longstanding soft-soil. For this reason, the slope of the road
that runs along the left bank of the river floodplain should not be strengthened as a left
bank dam.

The tendency of collapse of the flow to the right bank will continue until artificial
intervention on the stretch of river, where the river turns naturally to the right bank.

An important condition for the long-term operation of bridges is the constant

supervision of the maintenance of all protective and fortifications, damage to which
violates the correctness of their work and creates a chain reaction of the following
damage.

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 Literature

1. SNiP 33-01-2003. Hydrotechnical structures. Basic design provisions

2. Manual on survey and design of railway and road bridges, Moscow, "Transport",
1972.

3. S.T. Altunin "Regulation of channels", Moscow, "Selkhozizdat", 1962

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 Appendix № 1
Calculation of the depth of erosion r. Surkhob (Shurobdara) on the section of the bridge № 5 at the protective cones
with a slope of 1: 1.5 while concentrating 80% of the estimated flow rate at the width of the steady channel
Q2% = 522 м3/с dср. = 44 мм

[(Vsin αо):(Vо )]к

(Vsin αо):(Vо )

6[(Vsinαо):(Vо
)]к-sinαо(m-6)

erosion, m
Depth of
(Hо*d)1/4
V, Vо Нр,
РГВВ2% Но, м Hо*d а к С л.м.р.
м/с м/с м

Cross section at 80 m above the bridge (пк 2+00)

915,15 3,06 3,67 135 3,406 2,18 0,198 0,835 0,293 0,359 1,372 1,76 5,39 2,33 909,76
Cross section at 40 m above the bridge (пк 1+60)
914,83 2,94 3,60 129 3,372 2,16 0,202 0,832 0,290 0,357 1,364 1,76 5,17 2,23 909,66
Cross section of bridgeпк (1+20) Variant 8х24 m
914,13 2,81 3,52 124 3,335 2,13 0,208 0,828 0,297 0,366 1,416 1,80 5,06 2,25 909,07
Cross section at 20 m below the bridge (пк 1+00)
914,00 2,96 3,61 130 3,378 2,16 0,202 0,832 0,291 0,357 1,365 1,76 5,20 2,24 908,80
Cross section at 60 m below the bridge (пк 0+60)
913,76 2,69 3,44 118 3,298 2,11 0,213 0,824 0,284 0,354 1,343 1,75 4,70 2,01 909,06
Cross section at 120 m below the bridge (пк 0+00)
913,34 2,77 3,49 122 3,323 2,13 0,210 0,827 0,286 0,355 1,349 1,75 4,84 2,07 908,50

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 Appendix № 2
Calculation of the depth of erosion r. Obimazar in the area of the bridge № 6 at the protective cones with a slope of 1: 1.5 at a
concentration of 80% of the estimated flow in 3 right bank spans
Q2% = 409 м3/с dср. = 55 мм

[(Vsin αо):(Vо )]к

(Vsin αо):(Vо )

6[(Vsinαо):(Vо
)]к-sinαо(m-6)

erosion, m
Depth of
(Hо*d)1/4
РГВВ2% Но, м V, м/с Hо*d Vо м/с а к С Нр, м л.м.р.

Cross section at 100 m above the bridge (пк 3+00)

947,12 2,46 3,81 135,3 3,411 2,18 0,224 0,82 0,304 0,378 1,4868 1,83 4,49 2,03 942,63
Cross section at 40 m above the bridge (пк 2+40)
946,27 2,53 3,87 139,2 3,435 2,20 0,221 0,82 0,306 0,379 1,4965 1,83 4,63 2,10 941,64
Cross section of bridge (пк 2+00)
945,75 2,52 3,86 138,6 3,431 2,20 0,221 0,82 0,306 0,379 1,4944 1,83 4,61 2,09 941,14
Cross section at 60 m below the bridge (пк 1+40)
945,00 2,48 3,83 136,4 3,417 2,19 0,223 0,82 0,305 0,378 1,4909 1,83 4,53 2,05 940,47
Cross section at 100 m below the bridge (пк 1+00)
944,36 2,53 3,87 139,2 3,435 2,20 0,221 0,82 0,306 0,379 1,4965 1,83 4,63 2,10 939,73
Cross section at 200 m below the bridge (пк 0+00)
943,49 2,89 4,13 159,0 3,551 2,27 0,204 0,83 0,316 0,384 1,527 1,85 5,34 2,45 938,15

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