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Knowledge
Information
DATA - DATA
Action vs no-action information - The information which induces
action is called action information. The information which
communicates only the status of a situation is no-action information.
Formula -
VPI= (V2+V1)-(C2+C1)
V1 = Value from Information
C1 = Cost for Information
VPI= Value of Perfect Information
“A system is a
Group of interrelated components
working together towards
a common goal
by accepting inputs and producing outputs
in an organized transformation process.”
DATA Information
Image
(1) (2)
Transaction Support System (3) Process Control Systems
Processing Business daily routine Control of industrial Processes
Transactions
Enterprise Collaboration Systems
Team and Workgroup collaboration.
Management Support System
Support of Managerial Decision Making
(1) (3)
Management Information system Decision Support System
(2) Interactive Decision Support
Pre specified Reporting for Executive Support System
managers. Information Tailored for Executives.
Control Systems
(to make a Control on another system)
Feed Back
Feed Forward Control System:-
Control action
Process Output
Input
Open and closed System:-
Thus MIS means a system for processing data in order to give proper
information to the management for performing its functions.
Information
management.
Objective Of MIS
The goals of an MIS are to implement the organizational structure and dynamics
of the enterprise for the purpose of managing the organization in a better way
Information Storage
Characteristics of MIS
It should provide a holistic view of the dynamics and the structure of the organization.
It should create linkage between all sub-systems within the organization, so that the
decision makers can take the right decision based on an integrated view.
Characteristics of MIS
It should allow easy flow of information through various sub-systems, thus avoiding
redundancy and duplicity of data. It should simplify the operations with as much
practicability as possible.
Scope Accounting
Operational
of MIS
Research
diagram
MIS
shows the
nature and
scope of MIS:
Behavioral
Management
Science
Components of MIS
People
Business Procedures
Data
Hardware
Software
Think
The concept of a value chain was developed by Michael Porter. Porter's value chain has two
activities namely;
Primary activities – these are activities that are related to the creating products/services,
marketing and sales, and support. Primary activities consist of inbound logistics, operations,
outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service.
Support activities – these are activities that support the primary activities. Support activities consist
of procurement (purchasing), human resource management, technological development and
infrastructure.
The following diagram represents the value chain
Types of MIS
A decision support system (DSS) is a computerized information system used to support decision-
making in an organization or a business.
The benefits of decision support systems include more informed decision-making, timely problem-
solving and improved efficiency for dealing with problems with rapidly changing variables.
Example of
DSS
Dash Board
Types of MIS
Executive Support System (ESS)
Executive support systems are intended to be used by the senior managers directly to provide
support to non-programmed decisions in strategic management.
These information are often external, unstructured and even uncertain. Exact scope and
context of such information is often not known beforehand.
Market intelligence
Investment intelligence
Technology intelligence
Types of MIS
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Design, planning, execution, control, and monitoring of supply chain activities with the objective of
creating net value, building a competitive infrastructure, leveraging worldwide logistics,
synchronizing supply with demand and measuring performance globally.
Types of MIS
Supply Chain Management (SCM)
Objectives of SCM
flow.
Why CRM?
To keep track of all present and future customers.
To identify and target the best customers.
To let the customers know about the existing as well as the new products and services.
To provide real-time and personalized services based on the needs and habits of the
existing customers.
To provide superior service and consistent customer experience.
To implement a feedback system.
Types of MIS
Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
A knowledge management system (KMS) is a system for applying and using knowledge
management principles.
Some of these features can allow for data mining on customer input and histories, along with the
provision or sharing of electronic documents.
Knowledge management systems can help with staff training and orientation, support better
sales, or help business leaders to make critical decisions.
Benefits of MIS
It Facilitates planning
It brings Co ordination
The MIS is integrated into the managerial functions. It sets clear objectives to ensure
The MIS is oriented, defined and designed in terms of the user's requirements and its
The MIS recognizes that a manager is a human being and therefore, the systems must
consider all the human behavioral factors in the process of the management.
The MIS recognizes that the different information needs for different objectives must
be met with.
The MIS is easy to operate and, therefore, the design of the MIS has such features
which make up a user-friendly design.
Factors contributing in the Success of MIS
The MIS is kept under continuous surveillance, so that its open system design is
modified according to the changing information needs.
MIS focuses on the results and goals, and highlights the factors and reasons for non
achievement.
MIS recognizes that the information needs become obsolete and new needs emerge.
therefore, MIS has a basic potential capability to quickly meet new needs of
information.
Factors Contributing to Failures
When MIS does not provide that information which is needed by the managers but it tends to
provide the information generally the function calls for.
Underestimating the complexity in the business systems and not recognizing it in the MIS design
leads to problems in the successful implementation.
Adequate attention is not given to the quality control aspects of the inputs, the process and the
outputs leading to insufficient checks and controls in the MIS.
The MIS is developed without streamlining the transaction processing systems in the
organization.
Factors Contributing to Failures
Lack of training and appreciation that the users of the information and the generators of the data are different,
and they have to play an important responsible role in the MIS.
The MIS does not meet certain critical and key factors of its users such as a response to the query on the database,
an inability to get the processing done in a particular manner,
A belief that the computerized MIS can solve all the management problems of planning and control of the
business.
Lack of administrative discipline in following the standardized systems and procedures, wrong coding and
deviating from the system specifications result in incomplete and incorrect information.
The MIS does not give perfect information to all the users in the organization.
Discussion