Reference Calculations Output

All references are 1. Find the moment of resistance (Moment capacity) of

according to BS EN given beam
1992-1-1:2004
unless it was Design details:
mentioned fck = 20 N/mm2
fyk = 460 N/mm2 400 mm

(* mark stands for the 3T20

unnecessary parts that you
shouldn’t mention in your
course work) 250 mm

3.2.2(3)P 400 N/mm2 ≤ fyk = 460 N/mm2 ≤ 500 N/mm2 fyk acceptable
fyk is the characteristic yield strength of steel*
SLNA Sri Lanka National Annex indicates that the upper limit of fyk
should be 500 N/mm2

f yk
3.2.7(2)Figure 3.8 f yd =
γs

2.4.2.4(1) Table 2.1N γ s = 1.15 (For persistent & transient design situation)
γ s is the partial (safety) factor for reinforcement steel*

f yk
f yd = =0.87 f yk =0.87 × 460 N /mm2=400.2 N /mm 2 f yd =¿
1.15
2
400.2 N /mm
α f
3.1.6(1)P f cd = cc ck
γc
fcd is the design
strength of concrete*

2.4.2.4(1) γ c = 1.5 (For persistent & transient design situation)

γ c is the partial (safety) factor for concrete*

SLNA α cc = 0.85

0.85 f ck
f cd = =0.567 f ck =0.567× 20 N /mm2=11.3 N /mm2 f cd =¿
1.5
11.3 N /mm2
By assuming that the steel has yielded,
T = Tensile force
T = fyd As

As = Area of steel*
2
π D2 3.142×(20 mm)
As= 3 × =3 × =942.6 mm2 As = 943mm2
4 4

T = fyd As = 400.2N/mm2 × 943mm2 = 377.4kN T = 377.4kN

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 1

 Reference Calculations Output

Balancing compressive force = 377.4kN

3.1.7(3) Figure 3.5 (η fcd)b(λ x) = 377.4kN

η = Factor for effective strength*

λ = Factor for effective height of the compression zone*
b = width of the beam* *
x = Depth to neutral axis*
C

3.1.7(3) λ = 0.8 (for fck≤50MPa)

Equation 3.19
3.1.7(3) η = 1.0 (for fck≤50MPa)
Equation 3.21

(η fcd) b (λ x) = 377.4kN
(1 × 11.3N/mm2) × 250mm × (0.8 × x) = 377 400N
x = 167mm x = 167mm

d = effective depth*
d = 400 – nominal covering – 20/2

Determination of Covering

4.4.1.1(2) Equation 4.1 cnom =cmin +Δcdev

cnom = Nominal covering*

4.4.1.2(2) Equation 4.2 cmin = max. of {cmin,b; cmin,dur + Δcdur,γ – Δcdur,st – Δcdur,add; 10mm}

4.4.1.2(3) Table 4.2 cmin,b = 20mm (for separated arrangement of bars)

4.2(3)Table 4.1 Exposure class = X0 (For concrete r/f with very dry condition)

3.1.3 Table 3.1 Strength class = C 20/25

4.4.1.2(5) Table 4.3N Structural class = S1

4.4.1.2(5) Table 4.4N cmin,dur = 10mm (For reinforcement steel)

4.4.1.2(6) Δcdur,γ = 0mm

4.4.1.2(7) Δcdur,st = 0mm
4.4.1.2(8) Δcdur,add= 0mm

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 2

 Reference Calculations Output

4.4.1.2(2) Equation 4.2 cmin = max. of {cmin,b; cmin,dur + Δcdur,γ – Δcdur,st – Δcdur,add; 10mm}
cmin = max. of {20mm; 10mm + 0 – 0 – 0; 10mm}
cmin = max. of {20mm; 10mm; 10mm}
cmin= 20mm

4.4.1.3(1) Δcdev = 10mm

4.4.1.1(2) Equation 4.1 cnom =cmin +Δcdev = 20mm + 10mm = 30mm cnom =30mm

d = 400 – nominal covering – 20/2 = 400 – 30 – 10 = 360mm d = 360mm

SLNA x/d = 167mm / 360mm = 0.46 ≤ 0.60

Therefore the steel has yielded and our original assumption is
true.

z = d – (λx/2) = 360mm – 0.8 × 167 / 2mm z = 293mm

z = leaver arm (distance between equivalent compression and
tension forces)*
*

3.1.7(3) Figure 3.5 z

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 3

 Reference Calculations Output

Cross section Strain diagram Stress diagram

Moment of resistance (Moment capacity) = T × z

Moment of resistance = 377.4 kN × 293mm=110.6 kNm
M =110.6 kNm

2. Design of Rectangular Beam Section for Flexure

Design details:
Design ultimate moment = 150 kNm
2
f ck =20 N /mm
2
f yk=460 N /mm

Calculation for Minimum Depth of the Beam

d
Let assume =2
b
(In practice we maintain the depth to breadth ratio between
1.5 and 2.5)*

M
BS 8110: Part 1:1985 K=
b d 2 f ck
3.4.4.4

K '=0.167
K ' is the optimum K value, when both compressive capacity

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 4

 Reference Calculations Output

of concrete and
yield strength of steel are reached*

BS 8110: Part 1:1985 K ≤K '

3.4.4.4

K ≤0.167 (for the beams with singly reinforcement in other

words beams without compression reinforcement)
M
≤ 0.167
b d 2 f ck
6
150 ×10 Nmm
≤ 0.167
d 2 2
d ×20 N ¿ mm
2
6
150 ×10 mm
≤ d 3 448 mm≤ d
0.167 × 10

Determination of Covering

Calculations for the nominal cover is same as the calculations

we have done for find nominal cover of previous example, but
you better mention those calculations in your assignment*

Nominal cover = 30 mm c nom =30 mm

So let’s assume T25 bars

(You have to assume this because you will require effective
depth for further calculations)*
(You should assume the available bar diameters in the
industry such as T10, T12, T16, T20, T25, T32...)*

d ≥ 448 mm
25
d=h – nominal covering – ≥ 448 mm
2
h – 30 – 12.5 ≥ 448 mmh ≥ 490.5 mm
Let’s choose h=500mm h=500mm

25
d=h – nominal covering – =500−30−12.5 d=458 mm
2

458 mm
b= =229 mm ; So choose b=250 mm b=250 mm
2

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 5

 Reference Calculations Output

[ √(
z=d 0.5+ 0.25−
K
1.134 )]
M 150× 106 Nmm
BS 8110: Part 1:1985 K= 2
= 2 2
=0.143 K=0.143
b d f ck 250 mm ×(458 mm) × 20 N ¿ mm

3.4.4.4
[ √(
z=458 mm 0.5+ 0.25−
0.143
1.134)]
=390 mm

z< 0.95 d=435mm ;

So we have to choose the minimum of (390 mm, 435 mm)*
So choose z=390 mm z=390 mm

M 150× 106 Nmm

BS 8110: Part 1:1985 A s , req = = 2
=961mm 2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 × 460 N ¿ mm ×390 mm
A s , req =961 mm2 3.4.4.4

So let’s provide 2T25 bars

2
π φ2 3.142×(25 mm)
A s , prov =2× =2 × =982 mm2
4 4
2
A s , prov =982 mm

Check for Minimum Reinforcement (Crack Controlling)

(Purpose of providing a minimum reinforcement is to control

cracking)*

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 6

 Reference Calculations Output

9.2.1.1(1) A s , min =maximum of 0.26 { f ctm

f yk t
b d , 0.0013 bt d }
Equation 9.1N

3.1.3 Table 3.1 f ctm=2.2 MPa (for strength class 20/25)

bt =250 mm

2.2 N /mm 2
A s , min =max of {0.26 × ×250 mm × 458 mm ,
460 N /mm2
0.0013 ×250 mm × 458 mm }
A s , min =max of { 142 mm2 ,149 mm2 } =149 mm2

A s , prov > A s , min So acceptable OK for A s , min

Check for Maximum Reinforcement

2
A s , max =0.04 Ac =0.04 ( 500× 250 )=5000 mm
A s , prov < A s , max So acceptable OK for A s , max

3. Analyze and Design of Beam Section for Flexure

Design details:
f ck =20 N /mm2
2
f yk=460 N /mm
Thickness of parapet wall = 100 mm
Height of parapet wall = 1 m
Building will be designed as an auditorium with fixedseating
Design life = 50 years
Exposure condition = outdoor exposure without chlorides

B C
A

Side view

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 Reference Calculations Output

Plan view

Idealization of the Beam

At the first step a critical beam should be identified. In critical

beams appliedload and the span is relatively higher.
Idealization is converting of actual structure for a simple
model. It may not be accurate 100% but should be accurate
sufficiently*

B C
A

The critical moments for the design are the sagging moment
atBC span and hogging moment at B*

Load Calculations

Dead Load Calculation

Assume slab thickness ¿ 125 mm

Critical span 6000 mm

Trial depth for beam ¿ = =500 mm for beam
12 12
(From thump rule) h=500mm

Assume beam width ¿ 250 mm b=250 mm

Since the spacing between beams is 3.5 m let’s consider a

strip of 3.5 m wide

Dead load from finishes:

Dead load from tile bed ¿(20 kN /m3)(0.020 m)(3.5 m)
¿ 1.40 kN /m

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 8

 Reference Calculations Output

Dead load from tiles ¿(25 kN /m3)(0.006 m)(3.5 m)

¿ 0.53 kN /m
3
Dead load from soffit ¿(20 kN /m )(0.010 m)(3.5 m)
plaster ¿ 0.70 kN /m
Dead load from finishes ¿(1.40+ 0.53+0.70) kN /m
¿ 2.63 kN /m

Dead load from slab ¿(24 kN /m3)( 0.125 m)(3.5 m)

¿ 10.50 kN /m

Dead load from beam ¿(24 kN /m3)(0.5−0.125 m)(0.25 m)

¿ 2.25 kN /m

Total dead load as audl ¿(2.63+10.5+ 2.25) kN /m

¿ 15.4 kN /m D.L.
¿ 15.4 kN /m

Dead load (point load) ¿(20 kN /m3)(0.1 m)( 3.5m)(1 m) D.L.(point)

¿ 7 kN ¿ 7.0 kN

Imposed Load Calculation

I.L. ¿ 2.0 kN / m2 (for houses,hospitals)*

I.L. ¿ 2.5 kN / m2 (for office buildings, X-ray rooms in a
hospital)*
I.L. ¿ 3.0 kN / m2 (for laboratories, classrooms)*
I.L. ¿ 4.0 kN /m2 (for auditoriums with fixed seating, bars,
restaurants, canteens, night clubs)*
2
I.L. ¿ 5.0 kN /m (for auditoriums without fixed seating,
theatres, supermarkets, stores, libraries,
dancing floors,libraries)*
2
I.L. ¿ 7.5 kN / m (for buildings with heavy machinery,
stages)*
I.L. ¿ 12.5 kN /m2 (for printing plants)*

Imposed load ¿ 4.0 kN /m2 ×3.5 m=14.0 kN /m I.L.

¿ 14.0 kN /m (For auditorium
with fixed seating)

The hogging moment at B will become maximum when the

cantilever part is loaded with the maximum design ultimate
load. The sagging moment of BC span will become maximum
when BC part has the maximum design ultimate load while
AB part has its minimum design ultimate load.

5.1.3(1) Maximum design ultimate load (udl)

1.35G k + 1.5Q k =1.35 (15.4 ) +1.5(14.0)
¿ 41.8 kN /m

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 9

 Reference Calculations Output

5.1.3(1) Minimum design ultimate load (udl)

1.0 Gk =1.0 ( 15.4 ) =15.4 kN /m

5.1.3(1) Maximum design ultimate load due to parapet wall ¿ 1.35G k

¿ 1.35 (7 )=9.45 kN

5.1.3(1) Minimum design ultimate load due to parapet wall ¿ 1.0 Gk

¿ 1.0 ( 7 )=7 kN

Hogging Moment at B

9.45 kN

B C
41.8 kN/m
A

M B= ( 1.95m ) ( 9.45 kN ) + ( 2m2 ) [ ( 2 m) ( 41.8 kN /m ) ]

M B=102.0 kNm
(Hogging)

Sagging Moment at BC Span

7kN

B 41.8 kN/m C
15.4 kN/m
A

Taking moments around point B;

(6 m) RC + ( 1.95 m )( 7 kN ) + ( 22m )[ ( 2 m ) (15.4 kN /m ) ]

¿ ( 62m ) [ ( 6 m )( 41.8 kN /m ) ]
RC =118.0 kN

M x =( 118 kN ) ( x )− ( 2x ) [ ( x) ( 41.8 kN /m ) ]
M x =118 x−20.9 x 2

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 10

 Reference Calculations Output

dMx
At the point which has the maximum sagging moment, =0
dx

dMx
=118−41.8 x=0
dx
x=2.82 m
2
∴ M BC, max =118 ( 2.82 m) −20.9 (2.82 m ) =166.6 kNm
M BC =166.6 kNm
(Sagging)

Determination of Covering

4.4.1.1(2) Equation 4.1 c nom =c min + Δc dev

4.4.1.2(2) Equation 4.2 c min =max . of {c min ,b ; c min, dur + Δc dur , γ – Δc dur ,st – Δ c dur ,add ; 10 mm }

4.4.1.2(3) Table 4.2 c min, b=25 mm (for separated arrangement of bars)

assuming T25 using of bars

4.2(3) Table 4.1 Exposure class ¿ XC 3 (For corrosion induced by carbonation

for moderate humidity)

3.1.3 Table 3.1 Strength class ¿ C 20/25

4.4.1.2(5) Table 4.3N Structural class ¿ S 4

4.4.1.2(5) Table 4.4N c min, dur =25 mm (For reinforcement steel)

4.4.1.2(6) Δ c dur , γ =0 mm
4.4.1.2(7) Δc dur , st =0 mm
4.4.1.2(8) Δc dur , add =0 mm

4.4.1.2(2) Equation 4.2 c min =max . of {c min ,b ; c min, dur + Δc dur , γ – Δc dur ,st – Δ c dur ,add ; 10 mm }

c min =max . of {25 mm ; 25 mm+0−0−0 ; 10 mm}

c min =25 mm

4.4.1.3(1) Δ c dev =10 mm

4.4.1.1(2) Equation 4.1 c nom =c min + Δc dev =25 mm+10 mm=35 mm c nom =35 mm

Assuming R10 shear links

d=( 500−35−10−25/2 ) mm d=443 mm

Design for Hogging Moment

For hogging moment the beam behaves as a rectangular section

(because the compression is in the bottom of the beam*)

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 11

 Reference Calculations Output

M 102.0× 106 Nmm

BS 8110: Part 1:1985 K= = =0.104 K=0.104
b d 2 f ck 250 mm ×(443 mm)2 × 20 N ¿ mm2
3.4.4.4

Cross section Strain diagram Stress diagram

Determination of K '

IStructE Manual For balanced section x (depth to neutral axis) equals to 0.45 d

λ . xbal 0.8 × 0.45 d

z bal =d− =d− =0.82d
2 2
α cc f ck
Fcc , bal =f cd ( compression area)= ( γc )
( b . λ . x bal )

Fcc , bal = ( 0.851.5× f ) ( b × 0.8× 0.45 d )=0.204 f

ck
ck bd
2
M bal =F cc , bal . z bal=0.204 f ck bd ×0.82 d=0.167 f ck b d
2
' M bal 0.167 f ck b d
K= 2
= 2
=0.167
f ck b d f ck b d
K '=0.167
K ' is the optimum K value, when both compressive capacity
of concrete and
yield strength of steel are reached*

BS 8110: Part 1:1985 K ≤ K ' (Therefore compression reinforcement is not required)

3.4.4.4

Determination of z

By taking moment about the centroid of the tension steel

α cc f ck
M =F cc . z=f cd ( compression area ) . z= ( γc )
( b . λx ) z

λx
but z=d− ; and then λx=2 ( d−z )
2

∴M= ( 0.851.5f )( b .2 ( d −z )) z=1.134 f

ck
ck b ( d −z ) z

M
2
Kb d f ck =1.134 f ck b ( d−z ) z ; because K=
b d 2 f ck

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 12

 Reference Calculations Output

K d 2=1.134 ( d−z ) z
2 2
K z z z z K
= −
1.134 d d 2 d
− +
d 1.134
=0 ()
[ √(
z=d 0.5+ )] 0.25−
K
1.134

[ √( )]
z=443 mm 0.5+ 0.25−
0.104
1.134
=398 mm

BS 8110: Part 1:1985 z< 0.95 d=421mm ;

3.4.4.4 So we have to choose the minimum of (398 mm , 421 mm) *
So choose z=398 mm z=398 mm
6
M 102.0× 10 Nmm
BS 8110: Part 1:1985 A s , req = = 2
=640 mm 2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 × 460 N ¿ mm ×398 mm
2
A s , req =640 mm 3.4.4.4
So let’s provide
2T25 bars
2
π φ2 3.142×(25 mm)
A s , prov =2× =2 × =982 mm2
4 4
2
A s , prov =982 mm
Use 2T25 bars for
hogging moment
Check for Minimum Reinforcement (Crack Controlling)

9.2.1.1(1) A s , min =maximum of 0.26 { f ctm

f yk t
b d , 0.0013 bt d }
Equation 9.1N

3.1.3 Table 3.1 f ctm=2.2 MPa (for strength class 20/25)

bt =250 mm
2
2.2 N /mm
A s , min =ma x of {0.26 × 2
×250 mm × 443 mm ,
460 N /mm
0.0013 ×250 mm × 443 mm }
A s , min =max of { 138 mm2 ,144 mm2 }=144 mm2

A s , prov > A s , min So acceptable OK for A s , min

Check for Maximum Reinforcement

2
A s , max =0.04 Ac =0.04 ( 500× 250 )=5000 mm
A s , prov < A s , max So acceptable OK for A s , max

Design for Sagging Moment

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 13

 Reference Calculations Output

For sagging moment the beam behaves as a flanged T section

(because the compression is in the top of the beam*)

b
Determination of Effective Flange Width (¿¿ eff )
¿

5.3.2.1(3) beff =∑ b eff ,i +b w ≤ b

Equation 5.7
Equation 5.7a beff ,i=0.2 bi + 0.1l o ≤ 0.2l o
Equation 5.7b and beff ,i ≤b i
On both side of the beam, the slab span length is equal.
3.5 m−0.25m
∴ b1=b 2= =1.625 m
2
1920
Figure 5.2 l o=0.85 l=0.85× 6 m=5.1 m

125
beff ,1=0.2 ×1.625 m+0.1 ×5.1 m=0.835 m≤ ( 0.2 l o=1.02 m )

500
beff ,1 ≤ ( b 1=1.625 m ) 250

So beff ,1=b eff ,2 =0.835 m

beff =0.835 m+0.835 m+ 0.25 m=1.92m ≤ ( b=3.5 m ) beff =1.92 m

Assume that the neutral axis is within the flange

(Otherwise we should consider the T shape of compression area
when derive these equations.*)

M 166.6 × 106 Nmm

BS 8110: Part 1:1985 K= = =0.022 K=0.022
b d 2 f ck 1920 mm ×(443 mm)2 × 20 N ¿ mm 2
3.4.4.4
K '=0.167
BS 8110: Part 1:1985 K ≤ K ' (Therefore compression reinforcement is not required)
3.4.4.4

[ √(
z=d 0.5+ )] 0.25−
K
1.134

[ √( )]
z=443 mm 0.5+ 0.25−
0.022
1.134
=434 mm

BS 8110: Part 1:1985 z is not ¿ 0.95 d=421mm ;

3.4.4.4 So we have to choose the minimum of (434 mm , 421 mm) *
So choose z=421 mm z=421 mm

Checking the Position of the Neutral Axis

λx
=d−z
2
2 ( d −z ) ( 443 mm−421mm )
x= = =55 mm≤ 125 mm
λ 0.4
So our assumption is true. Neutral axis lies within the flange. N.A. is inside
Therefore the beam can be designed as a rectangular beam the flange
with b=1.92m
Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 14
 Reference Calculations Output

M 166.6 ×106 Nmm

BS 8110: Part 1:1985 A s , req = = =989 mm2
0.87 f yk z 0.87 × 460 N ¿ mm2 × 421mm
A s , req =989 mm2 3.4.4.4 So let’s provide
2T25 bars and 1T10 bar
A s , prov =1060 mm2
3.142 ×(25 mm)2 3.142×(10 mm)2
A s , prov =¿ 2× + =1060 mm2 Use 2T25 bars and
4 4
1T10 bar for
sagging moment
Check for Minimum Reinforcement (Crack Controlling)

9.2.1.1(1) {
A s , min =maximum of 0.26
f ctm
f yk t
b d , 0.0013 bt d }
Equation 9.1N

3.1.3 Table 3.1 f ctm=2.2 MPa (for strength class 20/25)

bt =250 mm

2.2 N /mm 2
A s , min =max of {0.26 × ×250 mm × 443 mm ,
460 N /mm2
0.0013 ×250 mm × 443 mm }
A s , min =max of { 138 mm2 ,144 mm2 }=144 mm2

A s , prov > A s , min So acceptable OK for A s , min

Check for Maximum Reinforcement

2
A s , max =0.04 Ac =0.04 ( 500× 250 )=5000 mm
A s , prov < A s , max So acceptable OK for A s , max

Transverse Reinforcement in the Flange

Design longitudinal shear stress ¿ v Ed *

∆ Fd
6.2.4(3) Equation 6.20 v Ed=
hf . ∆ x
The distance from the point of zero moment to the point
of the maximum moment ¿ 2.82 m
2.82 m
6.2.4(3) ∆x ¿ =1.41 m
2

Determination of ∆ F d

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 Reference Calculations Output

6.2.4(3) Figure 6.7

Assuming the compression is acting over the entire flange

only, let’s take the moments around the tension steel level.

hf b eff
(
∆ F d d−
2
× )
( b eff −bw ) / 2
=∆ M

∆ M =M x=1.41 m −M x=0=( 118 x−20.9 x 2 ) x=1.41 m−0

∆ M =124.8 kNm

( beff −b w ) ( 1920−250 ) mm
6
∆M 2 124.8 ×10 Nmm 2
∆ F d= × = ×
hf b eff 125 1920 mm
( d−
2 ) (443−
2 )
mm

∆ F d=142.6 kN
∆ Fd 142.6 ×103 N
v Ed= = =0.809 N /mm2
h f . ∆ x 125 mm ×1410 mm
2
v Ed=0.809 N /mm

To prevent crushing of the concrete strut in the flange

6.2.4(4) Equation 6.22 v Ed ≤ v f cd sin θ f cos θ f
For compression flanges let’s choose θf =26.5o

6.2.2(6) Equation 6.6N v =0.6 1− [ f ck

250 ] [
= 0.6 1−
20
250
=0.552 ]
2
0.85× 20 N /mm
v f cd sin θf cos θf =0.552 × × sin26.5 o × cos 26.5o
1.5

v f cd sin θf cos θf =2.50 N /mm

2

∴ v Ed ≤ v f cd sin θf cos θf Hence OK

α ct . f ctk, 0.05
3.1.6(2) Equation 3.16 f ctd=
γC
α ct =1
2
Table 3.1 f ctk ,0.05=1.5 N /mm (For f ck =20 N /mm2 )

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 16

 Reference Calculations Output

2.4.2.4(1) γ C =1.5 (For persistent & transient design situation)

2
1× 1.5 N / mm
f ctd= =1 N /mm 2
1.5
2 2
6.2.4(6) k . f ctd =0.4 × 1 N /mm =0.4 N /mm
∴ v Ed not ≤ k . f ctd
Therefore extra reinforcement above that for flexure is required

A sf . f yd v Ed . hf
6.2.4(4) Equation 6.21 ≥
sf cot θ f
2
A sf ×0.87 × 460 N / mm 0.809 N / mm 2 ×125 mm
≥ o
sf cot 26.5
A sf
≥ 0.126 mm
sf
So let’s provide T10@500 mm
A 78.5 mm2
∴ sf = =0. 157 mm ≥ 0.126 mm Hence OK Transverse steel
sf 5 00 mm

T 10 @600 mm
( 157 mm2 /m ) 6.2.4(2) Check for
Minimum Amount of Reinforcement

9.2.1.1(1) A s , min =maximum of 0.26 { f ctm

f yk t
b d , 0.0013 bt d }
Equation 9.1N

3.1.3 Table 3.1 f ctm=2.2 MPa (for strength class 20/25)

bt =250 mm

2.2 N /mm 2
A s , min =max of {0.26 × ×250 mm × 443 mm ,
460 N /mm2
0.0013 ×250 mm × 443 mm }
A s , min =max of { 138 mm2 ,144 mm2 }=144 mm2 /m

A s , prov > A s , min So acceptable

Mr. W.L. Sanjaya Maduranga – Structural Design Page 17