Bio fuel

http://www.jatrophabiodiesel.org/

Growing Diesel Fuel Plant

Centre for Jatropha Promotion & Biodiesel (CJP) is the Global authority for
scientific commercialization of Jatropha & other non-food biofuel crops and designs and implements the
growing of non-food biofuel crops worldwide in a structured Agri-Supply chain, Value additions and research
activities thereon & provides technology and services from “Soil to Oil” for the breeding, development,
planting and harvesting of next-generation commercial biofuel crops

CJP has been engaged in promoting sustainable farming for biodiesel production since last one decade and
its research findings and on-hand field experiences in respect of various technical, agronomical/silvicultural
aspects of plantations of Jatropha have resulted in significant improvements in knowledge and technical
background related to Productivity, profitability and sustainability of commercial production of Jatropha oil
crop. The CJP has focused on the development of Jatropha Curcas and other non-food biodiesel crops. Our

primary goal is to discover and develop high-yielding crops that generate the most
bio-energy per hectare of land. We have identified and developed new elite varieties of feedstock crops
optimized for production under different agro-climatic conditions, economic and social parameters. CJP has
also identified , experimented and developed following other oil seed bearing trees [OSBT] and non-food oil
crops and . Working on further development and cultivation of the same

AlageCamelinaFlaxJojoba (Simmondsia chinesis)Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus

L.)KenafKaranja (Pongamia pinnata)Kokum (Garcinia indica)Moringa oleiferaMahua (Madhuca

indica)Neem (Azadirachta indica)Ricinus communisSimarouba (Simarouba glauca)Tumba

(Citrullus colocynthis),

Energy & Environment Security

 Conventional crude output could plateau in 2020. But the question of
powering global growth far into the future is not just based on depleting the “easy” oil and gas reserves. The
October 2008 crash brought home the reality of oil plunging from some $147 a barrel to $30 almost
overnight. This forced global oil companies to cut capital expenditure on new projects as their margins
vanished. Apart from roller-coasting the supply and demand curve, this means new exploration and
production will lag behind future demand, especially in rapidly developing nations such as India, Brazil,
Indonesia and China Decreasing oil production from almost all the oil reserves and ever growing demand for
oil is attracting the world’s eyes towards renewable energy sources. Rising energy consumption and
environmental issues has now shifted the focus towards biofuel use, particularly in transportation. Food
production and transport are particularly dependent on diesel engines and biodiesel is a crucial part of
bringing energy security benefits to the global food supply. In times of international terrorism, there are
heightened concerns about nuclear proliferation, and Energy Security argues that the future must belong to
bio- energy. If we can achieve energy security we can not only free ourselves from dependence on fossil fuels
- we can also realize environmental security and a whole host of other central developmental and poverty
alleviation goals……

Global Financial & Climate Crisis

In the midst of the most severe global financial crisis in decades,

the CJP urged the international community to look for innovative solutions to avert a climate crisis. The
renewable fuel may lead developing countries in reducing emissions from deforestation, improving energy
efficiency, and transforming urban transport. Such an approach can simultaneously support economic
recovery and encourage growth in areas that mitigate the impact of climate change. By promoting a shift
towards low carbon economic activities, governments can not only help avoid dangerous climate change
impacts but can also make the region more competitive, contributing to a faster recovery from the current
economic slowdown. With oil prices falling, increased investments in green technologies are not going to be an
easy sell. However, there is growing support from businesses, government and civil society for the idea that
the crisis itself provides an opportunity to create incentives for a low carbon development path……….

COP15 Climate Conference: Copenhagen Accord

The Copenhagen Accord, agreed by major economies including the US and China, made a
commitment to limit the rise in global temperatures to two degrees Celsius and raise 100 billion US dollars
annually by 2020 to help developing countries fight climate change. The accord is unlikely to stimulate
investm
Profound Investment Opportunity

The role of businesses will be crucial in fighting global warming,

with the private sector expected to provide the vast majority of investment needed particularly in energy
sector to achieve carbon targets in order to invest appropriately. Business analysts welcomed "Copenhagen
Accord"---a climate deal involving all the major economies for the first time in making commitments to curb
emissions, cementing a global shift to a low-carbon world. The world's biggest carbon emitters agreed that
the world should limit warming to no more than 2 degrees Celsius, and raise $100 billion annually by 2020 to
help developing countries fight climate change. The implications for investment flows are very clear and the
world is irreversibly on a low-carbon path

» Read More
Alternative Feedstocks
 The emerging industry is facing a lack of feedstock supplies and
needs initiatives in crop cultivation technologies and competitive sourcing of appropriate feedstock - all of
which can alter the biofuel economics. As such the greatest challenges to the widespread deployment and use
of biofuels is developing a dedicated energy crops that are cost-effective, easy to sustain and can produce
greater yields. Such energy crop that produces biofuels and holds particular promise for sustainable
development and a sustainable environment is Jatropha and other non-food crops. Since feedstock is the
single largest cost component in biodiesel production, these considerably less expensive feedstocks give the
producers a significant cost advantage over producers use rapeseed and soybean oil. To break the link
between biodiesel feedstock and food products; Jatropha and other non-food oil bearing crops are the
cheapest and the viable business propositions…..

SUSTAINABILITY

Given the realities of the biodiesel markets, a successful biodiesel business

plan begins with an effective feedstock strategy from which process design flows. To make biodiesel a long-
term business opportunity, attention must be to the critical issue of availability of right feedstock at right cost.
Jatropha and other nonfood feedstocks will be a vast source of biofuel and a key to reducing our dependence
on fossil fuel Jatropha can bring significant environmental benefits. It can replace jet fuel and diesel from
petroleum without interfering with food crops or leading to the clearing of forests. The good thing about
Jatropha is that you're producing a tree shrub that lives for a long time and does its job, producing oil, while it
also sequesters lots of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere

Jatropha is a valuable multi-purpose crop to alleviate soil degradation, desertification and deforestation, which
can be used for bio-energy to replace petro-diesel, for soap production and climatic protection, and hence
deserves specific attention. Jatropha can help to increase rural incomes, self-sustainability and alleviate
poverty for women, elderly, children and men, tribal communities, small farmers. It can as well help to
increase income from plantations and agro-industries.

There are various trees that are suitable for bio-diesel production like Jatropha, Pongamia, Moringa, Simaruba
etc and all these trees must be regarded as a sure inclusion and the foundation around which a plan can be
built if for nothing but their pure hardiness and stress handling ability. ……
Carbon Savings

Biodiesel produced from non food crops like Jatropha and others is one of the
most promising solutions for tackling the growing carbon emissions from transport. Climate change has
become one of the major challenges for mankind and the natural environment. Greenhouse gas (GHG)
emissions released into the atmosphere in ever rapidly growing volumes are recognized to be responsible for
this change. Carbon footprint quantification, analysis and reduction are key to preventing this, for example, by
enhancing energy efficiency, mitigating carbon emissions by means of green energy and then compensating
for remaining GHG emissions by investing in carbon offsets, with a final goal to becoming carbon neutral……

» Read More
Food versus Fuel

The debate of crops for “food versus fuel” controversy is complex

and remains one of the major problems yet to be resolved in the sector... The first generation feedstocks had
distinct disadvantages and bottlenecks – they created a food vs. fuel dilemma, did significant damage to the
ecology, and presented problems in scalability to large-scale production levels. Food and biomass require the
same resources for production — land, water and agrochemicals. Food and fuel need not necessarily compete,
particularly when there is careful planning for ecological conservation and sustainable production methods.
The second generation feedstocks overcome most of the problems present in the first generation feedstock…
Benefits to Developing countries

Wasteland Reclamation and ReforestationIncome generation from previously unusable

areasProvide huge opportunities from new sustainable and renewable land resourcesAnd crops
Creating employment Nursery development, soil preparation, irrigation systems, Plantation
maintenance, seed collection, oil extraction and Refinery controlBenefit from the increased
demand for employment in infrastructure, logistics and Transportation
Breaking the cycle of poverty

Consider that 54 countries are poorer today than they were 15

years ago. And that almost half of the world’s people – the vast majority of them working people – live on less
than two dollars per day. We have a responsibility to make renewable energy available and affordable to all…
to ensure that the poorest countries in the world are not forced to choose between feeding their people and
fueling their economies. For example, crop yields in sub-Saharan Africa are projected to fall by 20 percent
under global warming;

As yields fall and demand rises, Africa will become more dependent on expensive food imports.
Already the poor in sub-Saharan Africa spend 60 to 80 percent of their total income on food – that
compares to approximately 10 percent in the U.S.;
Climate change induced famine may displace more than 250 million people worldwide by 2050
Consider that oil priced at >$90 per barrel has had a disproportionate impact on the poorest
countries, 38 of which are net importers and 25 of which import all of their oil;
Developing countries consume roughly twice as much oil per dollar of GDP as the United States

All the while, the high cost and Inaccessibility of fossil fuels, leaves approximately 2 billion people worldwide
without reliable energy sources, without refrigeration, basic communication, heat, or even light.

For developing countries, then, climate change and world’s energy policies are a source of oppression, a
source of sickness and a source of human suffering.
Since the two-thirds of the people in the developing world who derive their incomes from agriculture and
Jatropha based biodiesel has enormous potential to change their situation for the better and poverty can be
broken by Jatropha Cultivation as this dedicated crop has a huge potential for replication world -wide,
improving the livelihood of many more.

At the community level, farmers that produce dedicated energy crops can grow their incomes and grow their
own supply of affordable and reliable energy

At the national level, producing more biofuels will generate new industries, new technologies, new jobs and
new markets. At the same time, producing more biofuels will reduce energy expenditures and allow
developing countries to put more of their resources into health, education and other services for their
neediest citizens

Can diesel be "cultivated"?

India & other developing countries have the potential to be a

leading world producer of diesel, but the rural farmers still need to get comfortable with the idea that diesel
fuel can be "harvested," but they understand one thing very clearly that they can use Biodiesel trees/crops
plants as a source of extra earnings by utilizing the land that was of no use.

Farmers need to know that there is going to be a good market for what they produce. We are very keen to
build that confidence and promote Jatropha and other non-food oil crops cultivation by assisting planting,
buying the seeds for refining and providing the refining technology to enable growers to make their own
biodiesel.
GROWING BUSINESS

Over the past 10 years, biodiesel has emerged as an important

part of the national, and international, discussion on renewable fuels. Feedstock has been at the core of the
discussion. While many options have been brought to the table, some promising leads have not yet had
commercial success. Over the past several years, competition to biodiesel as a diesel replacement has begun
to appear. The driver for biofuels usage is not limited to the United States and Europe, but is also growing in
the Asia-Pacific and Latin American regions. World biofuel production has surpassed 100 billion liters of annual
production in 2009. After accounting for energy contents, this is displacing 1.15 million barrels of crude oil per
day, which creates approximately 215 million tonnes of GHG emissions annually. With respect to biodiesel,
forecast global production of 16.4 billion liters will reduce GHG emissions by 35.9 million tonnes - greater than
the GHG emissions reported for Croatia in 2007. The rapid development of the global biodiesel industry has
been closely observed by countries interested in stimulating economic growth, improving the environment and
reducing dependency on imported oil; thirty countries are implementing biofuels targets in 2010 alone, with
many of these countries in the developing world encouraging biofuels as a means of building energy security
and improving their rural economies. Biodiesel demand is expected to double between 2009 and 2015, while
supply is expected to grow threefold……..
CJP: Global Premier Agency: Science, Technology, And Knowledge & Expertise

CJP is the global premier agency to provide enhanced knowledge

and enhanced technology to more than 80 counties for setting of Jatropha plantation from ground zero. We’ve
been privileged to represent the Centre for Jatropha promotion & Biodiesel (CJP), the first one organization to
introduce commercial farming of Jatropha first time in the history and have formulated the Concept to
Commercialization of viable Jatropha & other OSBT projects., promoting sustainable farming for biodiesel
production and By cultivating these energy-producing plants, processing them and finally producing biodiesel,
we are creating new sources of income for the rural farmers.

We have already planted Jatropha, derris indica (Pongamia), simaruba etc. in large area and encouraging
results have motivated us for further expansion of the plantation which can generate tremendous job
opportunities among the rural masses It may lead to a revolutionary transformation of the current gloomy
economic and energy scenario with an era of economic bloom and prosperity for all sections of society.
Jatropha cultivation generates an income of RS 25000(US$ 625) / ha and RS.150, 000(US$ 3750)/ha from
5th year onwards in existing system of farming and if grown in 200 hectares in a village, it can provide
adequate employment to all landless workers all through the year.

We have introduced our Rural Jatropha Energy System, implementation of which may benefits farmers and
their communities and other stakeholders. This energy system based on the local cultivation of Jatropha &
other non food crops is decentralized, durable, relying on local knowledge and sustainable, in the true sense
of the word. We can provide water and electricity services to a rural village at a smaller cost.

CJP proudly presents its commitment to exploring, developing and establishing the correct process,
procedures and systems for growing, crushing refining and use of Bio Diesel from seed oil, Jatropha Curcas in
particular.CJP is fully equipped with Technical knowledge and plant science expertise, process engineering and
operational expertise to plan, design and Create Failsafe Fuel Farms; deploy and commission Non-food
vegetable oil refining and design and construct biodiesel plants. We would like to introduce you to JATROPHA
and our other related activities as having specialized in several fields of Jatropha Production related
consultancy and services CJP see great opportunities for doing business with it... Our wide range of activities
include…
Complete & updated knowledge and informationExpertise & Enhanced technologyDevelopment of
Jatropha and other ProjectsImproved & enhanced Inputs Production & ManagementExecution of
the Plantation ProjectPlantation Consultancy & ManagementConstruction of oil/biodiesel Plants
KEY STRATEGIES to SUCCESSFUL JATROPHA INVESTMENTS
As Jatropha and other non-food oil crops are poised on the cusp of commercialization, Jatropha investors have
stepped up their efforts to develop a viable source of Biodiesel, and some are already well on the road to
success. However, with so many new projects coming up, and a lack of understanding of the Jatropha Curcas
Plant and reliable information; lack of QPM inputs; lack of Best Agricultural Practices and expertise & poor
management techniques ; many projects are only achieving mediocre results. Therefore, while Jatropha holds
a great deal of potential as a biodiesel feedstock, it is also important to acknowledge many hurdles must be
overcome before the crop can become economically viable in most parts of the world. The key strategies
planning, methods and technologies are very essential for Successful Implementation & execution of a large
scale Jatropha Project with Maximum ROI through Improved Agronomy

After having specialized in the field of creation of Failsafe Fuel Farm with experiences and expertise CJP has
drawn a set of Key Strategies to Successful Jatropha/other crops Investments….

Failsafe Fuel Farm

 Therefore for Successful Implementation of Jatropha and other
nonfood oil crops projects with Integration above Key-Strategies you need an authoritative agency able to
provide knowledge, expertise and technology for the predicted Sustainability while maximizing Project ROI
through Improved Agronomy. And CJP is competent enough to be become your knowledge &
Technology provider

To engineer and execute Jatropha energy farm from ground zero to harvesting stage we have developed a set
of enhanced services with access to our own supply chain intellectual property rights (IPR) and exclusive
expertise with technological background and experiences in the field for creation Failsafe Energy Farms to
implement project through our level of competence and technology. Our scope of the Project task may cover a
variety of activities viz: Setting up of Plantations from Ground Zero to Harvesting Stage just to ensure
"FAILSAFE FUEL FARM"

Jatropha Energy Project Services (JEP)Derris Indica Energy Project Services (DEP)Moringa
Energy Project Services (MEP)Simarouba Energy Project Services (SEP)Colocynth Energy Project
Services (COEP)Jojoba Energy Project Services (JOEP)Alage Energy Project Services
(AEP)Ricinus communis Energy Project Services (RCEP)
INTRODUCTION

Jatropha curcus is a drought-resistant perennial, growing well in

marginal/poor soil. It is easy to establish, grows relatively quickly and
lives, producing seeds for 50 years.
Jatropha the wonder plant produces seeds with an oil content of 37%. The
oil can be combusted as fuel without being refined. It burns with clear
smoke-free flame, tested successfully as fuel for simple diesel engine. The
by-products are press cake a good organic fertilizer, oil contains also
insecticide.

It is found to be growing in many parts of the country, rugged in nature

and can survive with minimum inputs and easy to propagate.

Medically it is used for diseases like cancer, piles, snakebite, paralysis, dropsy etc.
Jatropha grows wild in many areas of India and even thrives on infertile soil. A good crop can be obtained
with little effort. Depending on soil quality and rainfall, oil can be extracted from the jatropha nuts after two
to five years. The annual nut yield ranges from 0.5 to 12 tons. The kernels consist of oil to about 60
percent; this can be transformed into biodiesel fuel through esterification.
Family: Euphorbiaceae Synonyms: Curcas purgans Medic. Vernacular/common names: English- physic nut,
purging nut; Hindi - Ratanjyot Jangli erandi; Malayalam - Katamanak; Tamil - Kattamanakku; Telugu -
Pepalam; Kannada - Kadaharalu; Gujarathi - Jepal; Sanskrit - Kanana randa.

Distribution and habitat

It is still uncertain where the centre of origin is, but it is believed to be Mexico and
Central America. It has been introduced to Africa and Asia and is now culti-vated
world-wide. This highly drought-resistant spe-cies is adapted to arid and semi-arid conditions. The current
distribution shows that introduction has been most successful in the drier regions of the tropics with annual
rainfall of 300-1000 mm. It occurs mainly at lower altitudes (0-500 m) in areas with average an-nual
temperatures well above 20°C but can grow at higher altitudes and tolerates slight frost. It grows on well-
drained soils with good aeration and is well adapted to marginal soils with low nutrient content.

Botanical Features

It is a small tree or shrub with smooth gray bark, which exudes a whitish
colored, watery, latex when cut. Normally, it grows between three and five
meters in height, but can attain a height of up to eight or ten meters under
favourable conditions.

Leaves

It has large green to pale-green leaves, alternate to sub-opposite, three-to

five-lobed with a spiral phyllotaxis.

Flowers

The petiole length ranges between 6-23 mm. The inflorescence is formed in
the leaf axil. Flowers are formed terminally, individually, with female flowers
usually slightly larger and occurs in the hot seasons. In conditions where
continuous growth occurs, an unbalance of pistillate or staminate flower
production results in a higher number of female flowers.

Fruits

Fruits are produced in winter when the shrub is leafless, or it may produce
several crops during the year if soil moisture is good and temperatures are
sufficiently high. Each inflorescence yields a bunch of approximately 10 or
more ovoid fruits. A three, bi-valved cocci is formed after the seeds mature
and the fleshy exocarp dries.

Seeds

The seeds become mature when the capsule changes from green to yellow,
after two to four months.

Flowering and fruiting habit

The trees are deciduous, shedding the leaves in the dry season. Flowering
occurs during the wet season and two flowering peaks are often seen. In
permanently hu-mid regions, flowering occurs throughout the year. The seeds mature about three months
after flowering. Early growth is fast and with good rainfall conditions nursery plants may bear fruits after the
first rainy season, direct sown plants after the second rainy season. The flowers are pollinated by insects
especially honey bees.

Ecological Requirements

Jatropha curcas grows almost anywhere , even on gravelly, sandy and saline
soils. It can thrive on the poorest stony soil. It can grow even in the crevices
of rocks. The leaves shed during the winter months form mulch around the
base of the plant. The organic matter from shed leaves enhance earth-worm
activity in the soil around the root-zone of the plants, which improves the
fertility of the soil.
Regarding climate, Jatropha curcas is found in the tropics and subtropics
and likes heat, although it does well even in lower temperatures and can withstand a light frost. Its water
requirement is extremely low and it can stand long periods of drought by shedding most of its leaves to
reduce transpiration loss. Jatropha is also suitable for preventing soil erosion and shifting of sand dunes.

Biophysical limits

Altitude: 0-500 m, Mean annual temperature: 20-28 deg. C, Mean annual

rainfall: 300-1000 mm or more.

Soil type: Grows on well-drained soils with good aeration and is well adapted
to marginal soils with low nutrient content. On heavy soils, root formation is
reduced. Jatropha is a highly adaptable species, but its strength as a crop
comes from its ability to grow on very poor and dry sites.

JATROPHA PLANTATION
Calender Planting Science Couple Oil Crop

CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY

THE PRODUCTIVE PLANTATION OF JATROPHA CURCAS

The practices being undertaken by the Jatropha growers currently need to

be scientifically managed for better growth and production. The growth and
yield of Jatropha could be improved through effective management
practices.

The keyfactors that can influence the oil yield of Jatropha Curcas are:

1. Climate
2. Quality of the soil
3. Irrigation
4. Weeding
5. Use of fertilizer
6. Crop density
7. Genotype
8. Use of pesticide
9. Inter-cropping
PROPAGATION METHODS
GENERATIVE PROPAGATION EFFECTING FACTORS

Direct seeding • Quality of seeds

• Seding depth

• Date of sowing

Transplantation of precultivated plants

• Type of precultivation
• Length of precultivation
Seeds beds(bare roots)

Poly bags
• Age of precultivation

VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION(cuttings)

Direct planting • Right time

Transplanting of precultivated plants • Right size

• Right age
Seeds beds(bare roots) • Right strain

Poly bags • Right source

SUCCESSFULL PRECULTIVATION IS CHARACTERIZED • High germination rates of seeds

BY • High sprouting rates of cuttings

• High survival rates

Basing the propagation method on rainfall conditions plays a decisive role in the survival and properties of
the plant in field.

• Method of cultivation should be chosen on the basis of

• Maximum survival rates

Intended utilization of the plantation

1. For quick establishment of hedges and plantation for erosion control, directly planted cuttings are
best.
2. For long-lived plantations for vegetative oil production, plants propagated by seeds are better.
3. With better rainfall conditions, the plantations could also be established by direct seeding.

Direct seeding, precultivation of seedlings, easily propagates the Jatropha transplanting of spontaneous wild
plants and direct planting of cuttings. Seed should be collected when capsules split open. Use of fresh seeds
improves germination. Intervals of presoaking and drying, or partial removal of the testa, are more
successful than presoaking alone. With good moisture conditions, germination takes 10 days. The seed shell
splits, the radicula emerges and 4 small peripheral roots are formed. Soon after development of the 1st
leaves, the cotyledons wither and fall off. Further growth is sympodial

Climate

Can withstand severe heat. Likes heating and doing well in warmer areas. When cold will drop its leaves. It
can withstand light frost but not for prolonged periods. The older the tree the better it will withstand. Black
frost will almost certainly kill young plants and severely damage older plants
Quality of the soil

Best in sandy well-drained soils. Can withstand very poor soils and grow in saline conditions All the actors in
the Jatropha sector suggest, anyway, using organic fertilizer in order to obtain higher yield.

Irrigation

It handles dryness very well and it is possible to live almost entirely of humidity in the air. - See Cape Verde
where rainfall is as low as 250 mm a year. Differences are expressed in what is optimum rainfall as some
readings say 600 mm and some say 800 mm whilst some areas in India report good crops with rainfall of
1380 mm. Under irrigation 1 500 mm is given.

500 - 600 mm of rainfall is the limit. Below it the production depends on the local water condition in the
ground

It will also stand for long periods without water - up to 2 years – and then grow again when rains occur
again.

Weeding

Standard cultural practices are timely weeding (4 times a year), proper fertilization, surface ploughing and
pruning. With these management practices a yield around 15-20 kg of fruit per tree can be obtained even if
the plants did not reach full maturity.

Use of fertilizer

Although Jatropha is adapted to low fertility sites and alkaline soils, better yields seem to be obtained on
poor quality soils if fertilizers containing small amounts of calcium, magnesium, and Sulfur are used.
Mycorrhizal associations have been observed with Jatropha and are known to aid the plant’s growth under
conditions where phosphate is limiting It is recommended that 1 kg of farmyard manure/ plus 100 g of
Neem waste for every seedling, with a recommendation of 2500 plants per ha this comes up to 2.5 t organic
fertilizer per ha.Besides it after transplantation and the establishment of the plant fertilizer such as N, P and
K should be applied. Twenty gram urea + 120 g SSP and 16 g MoP should be applied annually

The possibility to return the press-cake (or part of it) to Jatropha fields should be carefully considered.

Crop density

References recommend spacing for hedgerows or soil conservation is 15cm - 25cm x 15cm-25cm in one or
two rows respectively and 2m x 1.5m to 3m x 3mm for plantations. Thus there will be between 4,000 to
6,700 plants per km for a single hedgerow and double that when two rows are planted.

Satisfactory planting widths are 2 x 2 m, 2.5 x 2.5 m, and 3 x 3 m. This is equivalent to crop densities of
2500, 1600 and 1111 plants/ha, respectively. Distance OF 2MX2M BE KEPT FOR COMMERCIAL CULTIVATION

Wider spacing is reported to give larger yields of fruit.

Genotype

Little genetic research seems to be performed, as Information related to the project seems to be rather
restricted.

Pruning

Pruning – 1st prune

The plants need to produce side shoots for maximum sprouting and maximum flowers and seed. Between 90
and 120 Days top of all plants at 25 Cm. Cut the top off cleanly and cut top to produce 8 – 12 side
branches.

It is considered good practice. In order to facilitate the harvesting, it is suggested to keep the tree less than
2 meters.

Inter-cropping

Specific intolerance with other crops was not detected. On the contrary the shade can be exploited by
shade-loving herbal plants; vegetables such red and green peppers, tomatoes, etc. (SEE INTERCROPPING
PAGE)

Picking

We have developed the harvest methodology between wet and dry seed crush costing applicable has been
compared.

CROP YIELD

It appears very difficult to estimate unequivocally the yield of a plant that is able to grow in very different
conditions.

Yield is a function of water, nutrients, heat and the age of the plant and other. Many different methods of
establishment, farming and harvesting are possible. Yield can be enhanced with right balance of cost, yield,
labor and finally cost per Mt

Seed production ranges from about 2 tons per hectare per year to over 12.5t/ha/year, after five years of
growth. Although not clearly specified, this range in production may be attributable to low and high rainfall
areas.

Without irrigation
MT/HA
DRY

LOW NORMAL HIGH

Year 1 0.10 0.25 0.40

Year 2 0.50 1.00 1.50

Year 3 0.75 1.25 1.75

Year 4 0.90 1.75 2.25

Year 5 1.10 2.00 2.75

With irrigation
MT/HA
IRRIGATED

LOW NORMAL HIGH

Year 1 0.75 1.25 2.50

Year 2 1.00 1.50 3.00

Year 3 4.25 5.00 5.00

Year 4 5.25 6.25 8.00

 Year 5 5.25 8.00 12.50

Germplasm management

Seeds are oily and do not store for long. Seeds older than 15 months show viability below 50%. High levels
of viability and low levels of germination shortly after harvest indicate innate (primary) dormancy.

Processing and handling

After collection the fruits are transported in open bags to the processing site. Here they are dried until all
the fruits have opened. It has been reported that direct sun has a negative effect on seed viability and that
seeds should be dried in the shade. When the seeds are dry they are separated from the fruits and cleaned.

Storage and viability

The seeds are orthodox and should be dried to low moisture content (5-7%) and stored in air-tight con-
tainers. At room temperature the seeds can retain high viability for at least one year. However, because of
the high oil content the seeds cannot be expected to store for as long as most orthodox species.

Dormancy and pretreatment

Freshly harvested seeds show dormancy and after-ripening is necessary before the seeds can germinate.
Dry seed will normally germinate readily without pre-treatment. If this is the case, it is not recommended to
remove the seedcoat before sowing. Although it speeds up germination there is a risk of getting abnormal
seed-lings.

Uses Of Jatropha Curcas : A Petrocrop

Whole plant Roots Leaves Latex Seeds Bark Twig

*Planted to *Source of oil

*Yields
prevent water * Used as * Used as *Resembles (30-40%) *Used
tannins
erosion and for ethnomedicine ethnomedicine shellac suitable as fuel medic
(37%)
conservation for diesel engine

*Useful as *Used
*Yield a dye illumitant, Datau
*Promising live *Used for
used to give lubricant, in soap (Herb
fence making ink
tan & brown and candle tooth
making brush

*Used as *Youn
*useful as green *Useful as *Used as medicine both one
manure botanical ethnomedicine internally and cooke
externally and e

*useful in
controlling sand
drift

*possess
Allelopathic
properties
For successful plantation we have developed Jatropha Production Technology for which our TOTAL

CULTIVATION
The PACKAGE
plant originated fromcan be had.
seeds sowed directly in soil develop normal root system

The plant originated from seedlings raised in appropriate size of bags or containers also
develop same type of root system provided that lifting and transplantation is executed
in right manner at right time

The plants originated from cuttings develop only thin roots which is unable to explore deep layers of soil and
the plant expected to be less resistant to drought and easily fallen by wind

Propagation method

Method Advantage Disadvantage

Direct seeding Less investment Less germination

Less survival
 Damaged by animals in initial stage

Flowering, fruiting in 3rd year

Success depends upon

Depth of sowing

Date of sowing

Quality of seeds

Moisture in the ground

Quality of preparation of the ground

Nursery plants High percentage of Nursery raising expenditure is extra
success

Good resistance to
dryness

Early flowering and

fruiting
Plantation of cuttings Less investment Develop wider side roots

Early fruiting Enter in competition with other crop for moisture and food

Lower longevity

Low resistance to dryness

Low resistance to diseases

Risk of insufficiency in event of large scale plantation

Success of this technique is related to

Age of the plant to which cuttings are taken

The position of cutting within the plant

The condition of ground in which cutting be planted

(drainage and ventilation)

The size of cutting and number of buds it contains

It is noted that Jatropha planted by seeds (direct seeding or young seedlings) saw longer than planted by cuttings
and this method is recommended for establishment of plantation

Growth in Nursery

The container volume influences the growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings

The growth of Jatropha curcas seedlings in small containers would be limited being a fast growing plant.
Hence container size of 9”x6” shall be appropriate

Pruning

The pruning intervenes 120 days after the transplantation in the field. It consists in cutting the final bud of
the plants to support the formation of side branches and to maintain the tree on an appropriate height
facilitates the gathering. This practice represents a technique of control of the culture to optimize the output

Productivity & Soils

In abundant precipitations, fertile soil may lead to early fruiting

With contribution of organic matter sandy soil give best result

The clay soil is not proper as it restrict plant growth

In the flooded ground Jatropha dies of asphyxiation

Productivity with Sustainability

The production of Jatropha curcas is a function of the ecological condition of the area, nutrients and
management practices applied.

In order to optimize environmental qualities of this plant , it was essential to pay attention to the condition
of production of oil, i.e. of reducing to all stages, the energy expenditure, the ecological impacts and risks
due to use of fertilizers. Application of organic manures gives more output than chemical fertilizers

The capsules of Jatropha do not mature at the same time. The ripe fruits are recognized by their r yellow
color. Each flower contains 3 seeds. The plants of Jatropha can still flower after having produced fruits, this
second turn of flowering can carry out to another output if the conditions remain favorable

Productivity & Spacing

The spacing requirement will vary over different agro climatic regions and soil types

The per plant seed yield increase significantly with increase in spacing but per unit area it decrease with
increased spacing

The optimum spacing should be 2 M X 2 M

Seed Cake as Fertilizer

In high rainfall area application of only chemical fertilizers as a nutrient source have limitations in cultivation
of Jatropha. This is due to the fact that nitrogenous and potassic fertilizers like urea and MOP are prone to
leaching losses in very short span of time during rainy seasons due to high solubility of such fertilizers in
water.

Organic manure has the property of reducing such losses and also can give sustained supply of nutrients
over a period of time.

The press cake contains some residual oil and consequently contains insecticide properties and can reduce
the number of nematodes in the ground.

This is also of great significance given to the fact fruiting of Jatropha is staggered over a long period.
Jatropha cake is one of such organic manure that is rich in plant essential nutrients

Over the period of time there shall be plenty of press cake which can find its way to back into the soil as
manure rather than transporting it for some other purpose.

An application of 3 tons organic fertilizer mixed with press cake increase yield handsomely

Soil Improvement

The land degradation is caused by wind and water erosion leading to depletion of soil organic matter and
poor soil structure stability. The Jatropha plantation improves soil structure within a short period of
cultivation

To know more kindly contact to:

For more kindly contact:-

Director
Plantation Development, C J P
jatrophaplan@gmail.com
CJP’S NEW COUPLE OIL CROP CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGY (COC)
Calender Planting Science Couple Oil Crop

The couple crop poised to feed the biodiesel industries

The years of continuous research, experiments and trials have given CJP a big break
through in finding a Failsafe, Solid and a Viable alternative feedstock for biodiesel in
combination with Jatropha

We have been promoting Jatropha since 2003 that has shown promise as alternative
biodiesel feedstock because it doesn’t compete with crop acres. Jatropha is a high oil-
yielding perennial that grows where many food crops don’t; moreover, it is a sustainable
alternative to using food crops for biofuels. Jatropha shows potential as a new biofuels
crop, with big new development projects and plantations involving thousands and hundreds
of thousands of acres have been planned with investments of billions of dollars.

No single feedstock is likely to solve the supply issues facing the biodiesel industry. We
need sustainable, cost-effective and carbon savings feedstocks like Jatropha

The Jatropha plantation occupy about 50% of the planted land and to utilized the rest of
land in sustainable manner we have been experimenting different intercropping options,
patterns and agro- technologies

We have been in search of such an inter-crop for Jatropha which should be oil bearing like
Jatropha itself without competing with it for food and water and should be capable of
fulfilling Jatropha fertilizer requirement and still maintaining soil fertility i. e. is a right oil
crop that is planted in the right way with Jatropha and with due care to what’s possible in
terms of sustainable farming techniques
Nothing drives innovation like need.

The results of a number of experiments and trials have given us a big break through

Finally we got it

The couple crop has been identified, tried and tested

A revolutionary mile stone: Great Success!!!

Emergence of the combination crop system may change the entire scenario of the biodiesel
industry

• The twin oil crop in the same acreage of the land

• Both non- food but one can feed
• Both requires low inputs
• Both hardy, drought resistant and pest resistant
• Double the output

1 ha: how much oil; Hold your breath

It is 1350 gallon; Unbelievable?

You believe it or not but, it is very true

We shall release the commercial cultivation of the couple crop very shortly

JATROPHA INTER - CROPPING TECHNOLOGY

When two or more crops are grown simultaneously in the same field, this is called intercropping.
According to the topography, soil profile and prevailing agroclimatic conditions in an area, Jatropha can be
combined with other suitable species comprising the agricultural, horticultural, herbs, pastoral and/or
silvicultural components to result in an ecologically viable, economically profitable and socially acceptable
agroforestry system. By evolving, promoting and adopting Jatropha based intercropping systems it is
possible to improve the socioeconomic conditions in rural areas and to transform the National energy
scenario and the ecological landscape.

Social & economic advantages of multiple cropping systems:

• Dependence on only crop is avoided.

• Less needs to import energy.
• Reduction in the outlay for fertilizers.
• There is much greater flexibility of the distribution of labor.
• Possible to recover investments in much less time.
• Availability of harvest over a much longer period of time.
• Can occupy much more labor.
• The farmer of little economic resources can produce a large variety
of useful products.
• Promote a return to the land.
• Components can constitute a type of "savings" for the future.

SRIPHL has tried, applied and developed Some inter croping systems for both wastelands and cultivable
lands as outlined below:

FOR WASTELANDS:

• Model (i) Hedgerows of Jatropha with Glyricidia and Subabul

• Model (ii) Jatropha intercropped with grasses, tubers and vegetables
• Model (iii) Jatropha mixed with fruit trees
• Model (iv) Jatropha in mixed plantation with Teak / Neem / Karanj / Subabul
• FOR CULTIVABLE LANDS
• On irrigated farmlands

Model (i) mixed with one or more of the following species, grown at the spacing indicated against each
species:-

Gmelina arborea (Gamhar) 8mX8m, Dalbergia sissoo (Sheesham) 5m X 4m, Azadirachta indica (Neem) 7m
X 5m, Tectona grandis (Teak) 4m X 4m, Emblica officinalis (Aonla) 5m X 3m, Eucalyptus camaldulensis
3.5m X 2m and Moringa oleifera (Munga) 3m X 3m

Model (ii) intercropping vegetables such as red and green peppers, tomatoes water melon etc. that would
provide additional income for the farmers.

Model (iii) intercropping with important medicinal plants

For this purpose Jatropha curcus is the ideal plant to give shade to shade loving plants and provide a base
for the climbers

Selection of the climber is done according to the climatic condition of the regions. Mainly, the following
climbers are common for every/region:

• Kounch - Mucuna prurita

• Kalihari - Gloriosa superba
 • Pippali - Piper longum
• Karela - Momordica charantia

Selection of shade crops:

• Sweth musli - Chlorophytum boriviliamum

• Sarpagandha - Rauwolfia serprntina
• Haridra - Curcuma longa
• Adrak - Zingiber officinales
• Ashwagandha - Withania somnifera

Model (iv) Jatropha can be intercropped with medicinal plants like Asparagus racemosus (Shatawar) and
Commiphora mukul (Gugul)

Model (v) Shankhpushpi are effective in promoting the growth of Jatropha curca Intercropping

Model (vi) Patchouli and coleus are suitable and successful intercrop

In Madagascar, the plant is used as a support for vanilla

On drier farmlands

Interplanting of Jatropha can done with Mulberry.

Combined with the petroplant - Jatropha, Ber and Lac constitute a profitable planting model.

For Biofencing

• AGAVE SISALANA (FOR ROPE FIBER +PROTECTION)

• EUPHORBIA SP. (FOR PROTECTION)
• ERYTHRINA INDICA (FOR PLANT-BASED DYE +PROTECTION)
• IPOMOEA SP. (FOR BOUNDARY)
• PROSOPIS JULIFLORA ( FOR PROTECTION +FUELWOOD + CHARCOAL)
• GLYRICIDIA (FOR BOUNDARY + GLYRICIDIA AS NITROGEN FIXING FODDER SPECIES)

{Our Book On Our "Jatropha Intercropping Technology" May Be Obtained For Details}

ECONOMICS

JATROPHA BIODIESEL
OVERVIEW

The Biodiesel industry is still young and relatively small, so as it grows to a larger scale and when an
infrastructure is developed, the costs of producing and marketing biodiesel may decline. New cost-saving
technologies will likely be developed to help producers use energy more efficiently, increase conversion
yields and convert cheaper feedstocks into high-quality biodiesel. However, in the longer term, the biggest
challenge may be the ability of the feedstock supply to keep up with growing demand. The supply of
soybeans, rapeseeds and other feedstocks available for biodiesel production will be limited by competition
from other uses and land constraints.

As such the key to the future of Biodiesel is finding inexpensive feed stocks that can be grown by farmers on
marginal agricultural land, and Jatropha is one of many plants that hold a great deal of promise. Jatropha
proves to be a promising Bio Fuel plantation and could emerge as a major alternative to Diesel thus
reducing our dependence on Oil imports and saving the precious Foreign Exchange besides providing the
much needed Energy Security. Jatropha oil displacing conventional fossil fuel makes the project fully eligible
as a CDM project, i.e. recipient of CO2 credits.

Jatropha stacks up nicely compared with other feedstocks, as soybeans and rapeseed have a relatively low
oil yield compared with Jatropha — 375 kilograms per hectare for soybeans in the United States (280
gallons per acre) and 1,000 kilograms per hectare of rapeseed in Europe (740 gallons per acre) to 3,000
kilograms per hectare of Jatropha (2,226 gallons per acre) in India. Good planning, quality planting
material, standardized agronomy practices and good crop management could increase yields

COST BENEFITS SCENARIO

Cost benefits scenario will depend on various factors such as seed yield, area of Production, its gestation
period, and raw oil yield during various stages of bio-diesel production-plantation, extraction, and
transesterification.

An integrated Jatropha Biodiesel Project has three stages:

1. The first stage of the production process of bio-diesel from the seeds of Jatropha is the plantation
stage.
2. Extraction stage of bio-diesel production
3. The final stage of bio-diesel production is the transesterification stage in which raw oil is
transesterified to bio-diesel.

The combination of three stages of bio-diesel production and the role of each player in these stages have to
be objectively defined as they can affect the economics of bio-diesel production
Therefore, we have carried out Economic analysis considering all above three stages as separate entities.

• ECONOMICS: FARMING
 • ECONOMICS: EXTRACTION

• ECONOMICS: BIODIESEL

INDIAN PROGRAMS
Open Issues

The National Mission on Jatropha Biodiesel

In April 2003, the committee on development of BIO-FUEL, under the auspices of the Planning Commission
of India, presented its report that recommends a major multi-dimensional programme to replace 20% of
India?s diesel consumption. The National Planning Commission has integrated the Ministries of Petroleum,
Rural Development, Poverty Alleviation and the Environmental Ministry and others. One objective is to blend
petro-diesel with a planned 13 Million t of bio-diesel by 2013 (>>l000 times compared to the present world
Jatropha cultivation and production), produced mainly from non-edible Jatropha oil, a smaller part from
Pongomia.
For this end, eleven millions ha of presently unused lands are to be cultivated with Jatropha (for
comparison: annual loss of Brazilian rain forest 2.4 Mio ha). A similar program was started with Ethanol
production from sugarcane molasses, which is to replace 5% of transport petrol in the first phase.
Announcements and discussion of this program have already now brought numerous institutions, private
investors and some farmers to prepare and even start with work on a major Jatropha program. The move
towards large-scale utilization of Jatropha is thus mainly coming from the energy discussion, with its
increasing environmental and health burden and foreign exchange cost; but as well from the Forestry and
Rural Development Sector, looking for future income potentials. In March 2004 a first portion for a National
Program on Jatropha was released with RS. 800 Crore (161) Mio. S/Euro) to support cultivation of Jatropha
on new fields and plantations of 200.000 ha. This is the first portion of a total program approved with a
volume of RS. 1.500 Core (300 Mio S/Euro) and 400.000 ha, to be realized within five years. The program
intends to replace 5% of diesel consumption by 2006 with 2.6 Mio t of Jatropha bio-diesel produced on 2.2
Mio ha, based on yields expected by the Government.

To plant 11 Mio ha Jatropha, the program is to become a "National Mission" and mass movement and wants
to mobilize a large number of stakeholders including individuals, communities, entrepreneurs, oil companies,
business, industry, the financial sector as well as Government and most of its institutions.

In the first phase, within a demonstration project, the "viability of all components" is to be tested, developed
and demonstrated by Government with all its linkages in different parts of the country, sufficient production
of seeds and a wide information and education of potential participants and stake holders to allow for a self-
sustained dissemination. The demonstration project consists of 2 phases, each with 200.000 ha planted in 8
states of 2 x 25.000 ha "compact area" each.

Each state will have one estenfication plant, which is meant to be economical from 80.000 t of bio-diesel
onward, expected to come from 50 to 70000 ha each. Compact areas in each state will he further subdivided
into 2000 ha blocks of plantation to facilitate supply of planting material, procurement of seed and primary
processing through expellers.

Expected outputs from 400,000 ha are meant to be 0.5 Million t of bio-diesel, compost from the press cake,
and massive generation of employment (16 Mio days/year) for the poor. The program is meant to assist to
achieve emission standards and climatic targets approved by Government, to improve degraded land
resources, and income to 1.9 Mio poor families at 4 families per ha, on a base of 5 Rupees/kg of seed sold.

For 2007, when the process is meant to move self-sustained, a scheme of margin money, subsidy and loan
is planned to be instituted. Expansion of processing capacities is meant to run on a 30% subsidy, 60% loan,
and 10% private capital basis. Additional support for mainly market based "Phase II" from 2007 onwards, is
sought from International Funding Agencies, since the program addresses global environmental concern and
contributes to poverty alleviation. Spat~te legislation on bio-fuels is recommended.

Land available for Jatropha curcas plantations (million hectares)

Wastelands under Strip lands such

Agriculture Cultirable
Forest Agriculture intergrated as roads, Additional
(boundary fallow Total
areas (agriforestry) watershed railways, wastelands
Planation) lands
development canalbanks

3.0 3.0 2.0 2.4 2.0 1.0 13.4 4.0

The National Mission on Biodiesel, is therefore proposed in two phases as below:

1. Phase I consisting of a Demonstration Project to be implemented by the year 2006-07 with an

investment of Rs. 1500 crore ($300 million) on 400,000 ha.
2. As a follow up of the Demonstration Project, Phase II will consist of a self sustaining expansion of
the programme beginning in the year 2007 leading to production of Biodiesel required in the year
2011-12.
Rationale for the Program

India is sixth in the world in energy demand accounting for 3.5% of world commercial energy consumption.
A large part of the population has no access to commercial energy from hydrocarbons at all. India’s import
of crude oil is expected to go up from 85 million t to 147 million t by 2007. Hydrocarbons, in India
predominantly diesel (ca. 80 %, in Germany >40%) are responsible for most of the transportation fuel in
India; the transport sector is the most problematic as no realistic alternatives have been found so far.
Overall transport crude oil demand was >50 Mio T in 2001.

In India, a larger share than in other countries is needed for transport purposes, in particular for diesel.
Consumption is expected to rise at an annual 5.6% rate and by 65% until 21) 11. Domestic supply can
presently satisfy 22% of demand and dependence on crude oil imports (>18 billion $/a) is increasing. There
is a growing demand gap between production and consumption. At the same time, per capita consumption
with 480 kg oil equivalent and 260 Mio people below the poverty line (>20% worlds poor) is quite low.
Indian petrol reserves arc expected to last for another 20 years plus. Rising and volatile prices and
respective foreign exchange costs are one of the main risk factors of the Indian economic and social
development prospects.

In Europe and the US blends between 5 and 20% of bio-diesel are used as well without engine modification,
in the US so far a total of 400.000 m3/a. In France 135 (5% bio-diesel blend) is mandatory. Sometimes a
low percentage additive for lubrication and sulfur removal from diesel fuel is used as well In Europe bio-
diesel is mainly made from rapeseed, sunflower, in the US from soybean and in Malaysia increasingly palm
oil is being utilized. Nicaragua is cited as an example where Jatropha oil is used for bio-diesel to replace
petro-diesel.

From a total of RS 1500 Crores total Government contribution (300 Mio S/Euro) the major share (RS 1200
Crores) is earmarked to be spent for nurseries and plantations. Legislation is to secure that use of B5 (5%
blend) and successively B20 (20% blend) become mandatory all over India.

Bio-energy, as a replacement for transport fuel can be alcohol, bio-oil or bio-diesel. Bio fuels are to reduce
negative environmental effects through lower emissions and climatic impacts. Local production of bio energy
is projected to have a broad range of positive economic, social and environmental implications. Upgrading
eroded and deforested land, creation of employment and income is part of the argument. The national
program wants to stop soil and forest degradation and its environmental implications, generate employment
for the poor, in particular for women, reduce climatic change and improve energy security.

Alcohol, mainly in form of ethanol is planned in India in be made from sugar cane directly or from molasses
and to replace 5% of motor spirit for spark ignition engines. The alcohol program has started already. Bio-
oil, without further processing, is only suitable for sturdy compression ignition engines (diesel), or asks for
considerable motor modifications and maintenance. Therefore, the Indian Government focuses the
processing to bio-diesel from plant oils. However, a direct use in rural engines, water pumps, tractors and
generator sets to produce electricity are additional options to provide rural energy and energy security to
the rural population.

Bio-diesel, considered an equal replacement of petro-diesel (with 5% less efficiency), can be made after
transesterification from virgin or used vegetable oils (both edible or non-edible). It is meant to be produced
in India mainly from Jatropha curcas and, to a lower extent, from other non-edible virgin oils (in particular
Pongamia pinnata, called honge or pinnata, as well as Neeni, Mahua). It requires little or no engine
modification up to 20% blend and minor modification at higher percentage blends. The use of bio-diesel
results in substantial reduction of un-burnt hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and particulate matters. It is
considered to have ahnost no sulphur, no aromatics and has about 10% built in oxygen, which helps to bum
it fully. Its higher cetane number improves the combustion quality. Almost all present emissions standards
are expected to be reached with bio-diesel.

While the country is short of petroleum reserve, it has large Arabic land as well as good climatic conditions,
potential to produce biomass to be processed into bio-fuels. Demand of edible oil is higher than production,
so edible oils, as mainly used in Europe and the US for transport oil, are considered not eligible. As well,
edible oils are much more expensive, sometimes by a factor 3-5, in India.

Instrument to promote non-edible oils is hoped to be buy-back arrangements with oil companies to be put in
place and mandatory use of bio-diesel blends. The Jatropha program is to be combined with other programs
of the Ministry of Rural Development to attract growers, entrepreneurs and financial institutions so that a
"self sustaining programme of expansion takes off? on its own, with the Government playing mainly the role
of a facilitator. Hence, for the expansion phase, the Government will need "to give only marginal financial
support". The rural community will have the first right of access to the oil for its own use. Responsibility for
availability of sufficient processing units will be with the Ministry of Petroleum. Studies have revealed that
"direct and indirect impact of bio-diesel e.g. employment generation, balance of trade, emission benefits etc.
are substantial and need to be accounted for" while considering the duty structure on bio-diesel and HSD.

However, a clear comparison between the yields and economics of different edible and non-edible oils, and
why production of non-edible oils for farmers is expected to be more viable than of edible oils, has not been
found inside the program argument. Duty structure is meant to be designed in a way that the price of bio-
diesel will be slightly lower than that of imported petro-diesel fuel.

Jatropha curcas is considered most suitable since it uses lands, which are largely unproductive for the time
being and are located in poverty-stricken and watershed areas and degraded forests. Jatropha is planned as
well to be planted under the poverty alleviation programmes that deal with land improvements.

For the planned 13 Mio ha Jatropha, 3 Mio ha are to be identified in 38 Mio ha under stocked forest, 3 Mio
ha hedge equivalent from 140 Mio ha of agricultural land and 2 Mio ha for absentee landlords since,
Jatropha does not require looking after and gives a net income of Rs 15000/ha". In addition, land comes
from 2.4 Mio ha out of 24 Mb. ha of fallow lands; two Mio ha from integrated watershed development
programmes; one Mio ha from stretches of public land along railway, roads/ canals and 4 Mio ha from "other
waste lands".

As a by-product the oil cake and glycerol are to be sold to reduce the cost of processing biodiesel to par with
the oil price. The sales cost of bio-diesel is expected to be very close to the cost of oil obtained for
production, since the cost of trans-esterification is meant to be recoverable to a great extent from the
income of oil cake (3-5 Rupees/kg) and glycerol (50 Rupees/kg). The cost of bio-diesel is expected to reach
between 15 and 16.3 Rupees at an assumed price of RS 5 per kg of seed and at 3.2 kg of seed for I litre of
oil. "Thus the plantation, oil extraction and production of bio-diesel are economically feasible". Overall oil
bio-diesel recovery is expected to be 91% at an oil portion of 35%. There is a plant density of 2500 trees
per ha assumed, in mixed forestry areas 2500 trees each are considered one ha. An average seed yield of
1.5kg/tree and 3.75 tiha are expected corresponding to 1.2 t of oil /ha and 2.5 t of fertilizer. Bio-diesel is
expected to be available on the market from 2005/2006 onwards. Work created of 300 "man" days /ha
would allow 550.000 people to escape poverty in the first part of the program. A transesterification plant is
meant to cost Rs75 Crores (5/Euro 12.5 Mio; I crore is equivalent to Rs 10 Mio.), and procurement and
expeller centre Rs 80 lakh (S/Euro 160.000; one lakh is equivalent to Rs 100.000),)NEEDS AND
RESPONSIBILITIES

A number of research and development needs have been defined by the program:

• Genetically improved tree species, to produce better quality and quantity of oil This includes tree
improvement programs, identification of candidate plus trees,standardization of nursery raising
techniques, (vegetative/seed/tissue culture)Scientific data for planting density, fertilization
practices, planting procedures
• Technology practices for adoption at grass root level.
• Research on inter-cropping for agriculture, agro-forestry and forestry application
• Processing techniques including bio-diesel and uses of by-products
• Utilisation of different oils and oil blends including potential additives needed
• Blending, storage and transport of bio-diesel
• Engine development and modification
• Marketing and trade
 • Watering techniques, water and irrigation needs and wastewater use are not part of the program

There are some "micro-missions" or task forces planned for the different tasks:

• Ministry of Forestry; JFMCs (planting on forest lands)

• Novod (planting on non-forest lands)
• Ministry of Rural Development (other land implementation);
• Khadi Village and Industries Commission ? KVIC (procurement of seeds and oil extraction)
• Ministry of Petroleum (trans-esterification) and
• Different Research Agencies (research and development),
• All R&D activities are to be coordinated by a committee under the Planning commission.

Some of the institutions presently involved in R&D activities are the following:

• Punjab Agricultural University (PAU)

• Coiabatore Horticultural University with 250 I/day bio-diesel production facility
• institute of Petroleum (lIP)
• Indian institute of Chemical Technology (IJCT)
• Indian Institute of Technology (Delhi, Madras)
• Indian Oil Corporation (bC) with 60 kg/day bio-diesel production facility at Fardabad

• Mahindra&Màhindra (works on tractors from Karanji bio-diesel; pilot plant in Mumbai)

BIO DIESEL

The Next Generation Sustainable Fuel

What is Bio Diesel?

The concept dates back to 1885 when Dr. Rudolf Diesel built the first diesel engine with the full intention of
running it on vegetative source.

He first displayed his engine at the Paris show of 1900 and astounded everyone when he ran the patented
engine on any hydrocarbon fuel available - which included gasoline and peanut oil. In 1912 he stated "
… the use of vegetable oils for engine fuels may seem insignificant today. But such oils may in the course of
time become as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of present time."

Scientists discovered that the viscosity ( thicKness) of vegetable oils could be reduced in a simple chemical
process In 1970 and that it could work well as diesel fuel in modern engine.

This fuel is called Bio- Diesel.

Since than the technical developments have largely been completed. Plant oil is highly valued as Bio fuel
"Diesel" and transformed into Bio Diesel in most industrialised

Please note!!!

• This vegetable oil can be used as it is crushed – ie - unrefined in the engines of cars
• This vegetable oil can be blended with normal diesel and used in cars.
• This vegetable oil can be refined and sold as pure diesel
• Refined it can be exported as a clean fuel to anywhere in the world.

Bio Diesel is asubstitute for, or an additive to, diesel fuel that is derived from the oils and fats of plants, like
Sunflower, Canola or Jatropha.

It is an alternative fuel that can be used in diesel engines and provides power similar to conventional diesel
fuel.

Bio Diesel is arenewable domestically produced liquid fuel that can help reduce the countries dependence on
foreign oil imports.

Recent environmental and economic concerns (Kyoto Protocol) have prompted resurgence in the use of
biodiesel throughout the world. In 1991, the European Community, (EC) Proposed a 90% tax reduction for
the use of biofuels, including biodiesel.

Today, 21 countries worldwide, produce Biodiesel.

The Advantages of Bio Diesel

• Bio Diesel is the most valuable form of renewable energy that can be used directly in any existing,
unmodified diesel engine.
• Energy Independence: Considering that oil priced at $60 per barrel has had a disproportionate
impact on the poorest countries, 38 of which are net importers and 25 of Which import all of their
oil; the question of trying to achieve greater energy independence one day through the
development of biofuels has become one of ‘when’ rather than ‘if,’ and, now on a near daily basis, a
biofuels programme is being launched somewhere in the developing world.
• Smaller Trade Deficit: Rather than importing other countries’ ancient natural resources, we could
be using our own living resources to power our development and enhance our economies. Instead
of looking to the Mideast for oil, the world could look to the tropics for biofuels. producing more
biofuels will save foreign exchange and reduce energy expenditures and allow developing countries
to put more of their resources into health, education and other services for their neediest citizens.
• Economic Growth: Biofuels create new markets for agricultural products and stimulate rural
development because biofuels are generated from crops; they hold enormous potential for farmers.
In the near future—especially for the two-thirds of the people in the developing world who derive
their incomes from agriculture.

Today, many of these farmers are too small to compete in the global market, especially with the
playing field tilted against them through trade distorting agricultural subsidies. They are mostly
subsistence farmers who, in a good year, produce enough to feed their families, and in a bad year,
grow even poorer or starve. But biofuels have enormous potential to change this situation for the
better.

At the community level, farmers that produce dedicated energy crops can grow their incomes and
 grow their own supply of affordable and reliable energy.

At the national level, producing more biofuels will generate new industries, new technologies, new
jobs and new markets.
• Cleaner Air: Biofuels burn more cleanly than gasoline and diesel. Using biofuels means producing
fewer emissions of carbon monoxide, particulates, and toxic chemicals that cause smog, aggravate
respiratory and heart disease, and contribute to thousands of premature deaths each year.
• Less Global Warming: Biofuels contain carbon that was taken out of the atmosphere by plants
and trees as they grew. The Fossil fuels are adding huge amounts of stored carbon dioxide (CO2) to
the atmosphere, where it traps the Earth's heat like a heavy blanket and causes the world to warm.
Studies show that biodiesel reduces CO2 emissions to a considerable extent and in some cases all
most nearly to zero.

In Nut-shell:

• Bio Diesel is the most valuable form of renewable energy that can be used directly in any existing,
unmodified diesel engine.
• Bio Diesel fuel and can be produced from oilseed plants such as rape seeds, sunflower, canola and
or JATROPHA CURCAS.
• Bio Diesel is environmental friendly and ideal for heavily polluted cities.
• Bio Diesel is as biodegradable as salt
• Bio Diesel produces 80% less carbon dioxide and 100% less sulfur dioxide emissions. It provides a
90% reduction in cancer risks.
• Bio Diesel can be used alone or mixed in any ratio with mineral oil diesel fuel. The preferred ratio if
mixture ranges between 5 and 20% (B5 - B20)
• Bio Diesel extends the live of diesel engines
• Bio Diesel is cheaper then mineral oil diesel
• Bio Diesel is conserving natural resources

The Process

The process of converting vegetable oil into biodiesel fuel is called Transesterification and is luckily less
complex then it sounds.

Chemically, Transesterification means taking a triglyceride molecule, or a complex fatty acid, neutralizing
the free fatty acids, removing the glycerin, and creating an alcohol ester. This is accomplished by mixing
methanol with sodium hydroxide to make sodium methoxide. This liquid is then mixed into the vegetable oil.
After the mixture has settled, Glycerin is left on the bottom and methyl esters, or biodiesel is left on top and
is washed and filtered.

The final product Bio Diesel fuel, when used directly in a Diesel Engine will burn up to 75% cleaner then
mineral oil Diesel fuel.

The Technology

The technology is mature and proven

Presently, the indigenously designed bio-fuel plant for 250 lt./day is in operation. We have to design and
develop bio-fuel plants of 3 to 10 tones per day capacity for installation in different parts of the country.
Effective marketing chain needs to be planned for enabling farmers to reap the benefits directly. Bio-fuel
mission will provide technological and employment generation focuses for the rural sector. Use of eleven
million hectares of wasteland for Jetropha cultivation can lead to generation of minimum twelve million jobs

The Cost
The cost of Bio Diesel is largely dependent on the choice of feedstock and the size of the production facility.

If Jatropha feedstock is used, the fuel will cost depending on the country approximately US $ 0,40 per liter
plus tax when applicable.

FEED STOCK PRODUCTION PER HECTARE & COST THEREOF

FEEDSTOCK Country Yield/Hectare (Kg) Rate Per

Barrel(US$)
SOYA OIL USA 375 73
RAPESEED OIL Europe 1000 78
JATROPHA OIL INDIA 3000 43
PALM OIL Malaysia 5000 46

International Laws and regulation

Several countries have active Biodiesel programmes. Such countries also have given legislative support and
have drawn up national polices on biodiesel development. Wide variety of motives for action taken can
observe like

• Increase of energy supply security

• Reduction of dependence on fossil energy forms
• Reduction of harmful locally acting emissions.
• Protection of soil by biodegradable products
• Reduction of health hazard by using non-toxic products.

Biodiesel Scenario In India

As India is deficient in edible oils, non-edible oil is the main choice for producing biodiesel. According to
Indian government policy and Indian technology effects. Some development works have been carried out
with regards to the production of transesterfied non edible oil and its use in biodiesel by units such as Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore, Tamilnadu Agriculture University Coimbatore and Kumaraguru College of
Technology in association with Pan horti consultants. Coimbatore. Generally a Blend of 5% to 20% is used in
India (B5 to B20). Indian Oil Corporation has taken up Research and development work to establish the
parameters of the production of tranesterified Jatropha Vegetable oil and use of bio diesel in its R&D center
at Faridabad. Research is carried out in Kumaraguru College of Technology for marginally altering the engine
parameters to suit the Indian Jatropha seeds and to minimize the cost of transesterification.

Area Coverage vs. Blending Requirements

Year Diesel Bio-Diesel Area For Bio-Diesel Area For Bio-Diesel Area For
Demand MMT @ 5% Mha @10%MMT 10% Mha @20%MMT 20% Mha
5% MMT
2005-06 49.56 2.48 2.07 4.96 4.14 9.91 8.28
2006-07 52.33 2.62 2.19 5.23 4.38 10.47 8.76
2011-12 66.90 3.35 2.79 6.69 5.58 13.38 11.19

Bio Diesel Experiments

Initially 5% of the bio diesel was blended with High-speed diesel and later increased to 20%. The railway
and Indian oil corporation has successfully used 10% blended biodiesel fuel in train running between
Amritsar and New Delhi in the month of Feb 2003. At Kumaraguru College of Technology an auto rickshaw
was run on pure biodiesel (B100) prepared from Jatropha oil.

Conclusion

As a substitute for fast depleting fossil fuel. Bio diesel had come to stay. In future, it should also serve to
reduce and maintain the price of automobile fuel. The under exploited and un exploited vegetable oils are
good sources of biofuel. Our country is endowed with many such plants. Research is being carried out now
to convert vegetable oils into biodiesel through biotechnological processes using biodiesel. With a
concentrated and coordinated effort. Wide use of bio diesel in our country is going to be a reality in the days
to come.

A national mission on Bio-Diesel has already been proposed by the committee comprising six micro missions
covering all aspects of plantation, procurement of seed, extraction of oil, trans-esterification, blending &
trade, and research and development. Diesel forms nearly 40% of the energy consumed in the form of
hydrocarbon fuels, and its demand is estimated at 40 million tons.

Therefore blending becomes the important National Issue which apart from giving the dividends , it saves
the country's exchequer. India has vast stretches of degraded land, mostly in areas with adverse agro-
climatic conditions, where species of Jatropha , Mahua etc can be grown easily.

Even 30 million hectares planted for bio- diesel can completely replace the current use of biofuels. The
production of Bio fuels will also boost the rural economy which will bring more enthusiasm in more than one
billion lives in the area

KEY JATROPHA STRATEGIES

As Jatropha and other non-food oil crops are poised on the cusp of commercialization, Jatropha
investors have stepped up their efforts to develop a viable source of Biodiesel, and some are
already well on the road to success. However, with so many new projects coming up, and a lack
of understanding of the Jatropha Curcas Plant and reliable information; lack of QPM inputs; lack
of Best Agricultural Practices and expertise & poor management techniques ; many projects are
only achieving mediocre results

Following Are the Key Strategies to Successful Jatropha Investments:

KEY Strategy 1- Choosing the best location for Jatropha Projects

Determining / knowing where to place your Jatropha project is critical, and requires a holistic view of certain
key criteria for site selection. These include agro-climatic conditions, availability of labor, logistical
consideration and local legislation and others. Land identification is a pre-requisite to development of a
Project plan and to meet this requirement Pre-feasibility Study / Feasibility study is required to be get
carried out from the competent experienced agency

KEY Strategy 2- Getting the best business plan formation

This formulation of business plan need in- depth specialists form each field. CJP can offer Jatropha
renewable energy projects with many plans, resources and proven profitable models. Our specialty is
business planning with the focus on high productivity and profitability.

KEY Strategy 3- Getting the best planting stock/material

You are going to create a Jatropha energy farm for 50 years so you deserve best seeds, best growing media
and best nursery practices.

The planting material is the only factor which may lead to a disaster if you fail to adopt the best

Kindly note that it shall not be wise to save a few thousand dollars in the seeds purchase- or nursery
production as this is the backbone of the project whose results shall determine the fate of the entire project

CJP’s SRIPHL J03 HYV SEEDS & QPM NURSERY TECHNOLOGY CAN ONLY ENSURE THE SUCCESS OF YOUR
PLANTATION

KEY Strategy 4 - Adopting Best Practices in Jatropha Agronomy

The Jatropha Curcas L plant is an ‘energy species’, but it needs to be domesticated as a ‘tree crop’ for
widespread commercial cultivation & application.

In order to achieve commercial perfection, it is crucial to understand the crop’s requirements, predict its
possible interactions with the environment & develop packages of practices for industrial cultivation

That's why CJP is providing low-cost Crop Cultivation Technology & Crop Care Technology which includes

• Improved Agricultural Practices

• Varietal Improvements
• Enhanced cultural practices
• Pest & Disease Control
• Intercropping
• Going "Green" with the use of Microbial fertilizers
• Fine-tuning practices to soil type, environmental conditions & labor

KEY STRATEGY 5 - Scaling Operations & Organization Strategies for Jatropha as per local conditions

One of the critical issues at the heart of many investors is commercialization of Jatropha, and it isn't as easy
as merely increasing the size of operations.

There are many considerations involved in setting up a commercialized operation, and at the heart of it is
sustainability for long term returns.

At CJP we have a team of experts to guide the Jatropha investors for developing a sustainable Jatropha
project who have a have a good understanding of the conditions on the ground, in terms of agronomic
practices, improved cultivar development, water requirements and labor requirements.

KEY STRATEGY 6 – Exploring the intercropping Operation Strategies for couple oil crops as per local
conditions

There are many considerations involved in planning for intercropping system for extra income. There is need
of adopting the couple oil crop technology for more oil per ha without extra inputs. CJP’s Couple oil crop
technology can make all differences

KEY STRATEGY 7 - Going Socially Responsible, Environmentally & Carbon Positive for Jatropha Projects

Jatropha’s major plus point is in its ability to grow on land that is usually not attractive for conventional
agriculture. Jatropha is easy to establish, grows relatively quickly, and is hardy and drought tolerant.

The plant is by it very nature, environmentally friendly, and has the ability to reclaim non-arable land in
arid and semi arid areas. These qualities also make this an ideal plant for development in the poorest
regions in the world.

The long term success of Jatropha hinges on investors understanding the environmental and social
benefits of the plant, and weaving these benefits into their Jatropha projects

KEY STRATEGY 8- Mapping Global Biofuel blending specifications & demand for Jatropha Oil

Biodiesel derived from Jatropha is fast becoming recognized as a viable source of alternative fuel to meet
the rising fuel demands of countries around the world. As technological developments stand today, Jatropha
has the potential to serve as fuel to power automobiles, combined heat and power (CHP) plants
and cooking stoves, just to name a few.

At this critical stage in Jatropha’s development, investors need to understand the evolving market for
Jatropha oil and biodiesel, and capitalize on them. Alternative uses for Jatropha Oil will go a long way
towards providing long term returns & sustainable development in the areas within which they work.

KEY STRATEGY 9 - Complete Utilization of Jatropha Curcas L, including biowaste & seedcake

An under explored revenue stream for Jatropha is the utilization of the byproducts and the rest of the plant.
Some of the major drawbacks include the toxicity of the plant, which renders much of the plant unfit
for animal consumption.

KEY STRATEGY 10 - Evaluating Risk for a Realistic view of Jatropha Project Potential for long term
forecasting

Ideally, investors need to explore ways to make their Jatropha projects a low-risk venture with
attractive returns. However, this assessment also needs to be realistic to ensure future returns and to
attract private investors to their Jatropha projects.

Therefore for Successful Implementation of Jatropha projects with Integration above Key-Strategies you
need an authoritative agency able to provide knowledge, expertise and technology for the predicted
Sustainability while maximizing Project ROI through Improved Agronomy

And CJP is competent enough to be become your knowledge & Technology provider
For more kindly contact:-

Director
Plantation Development, C J P
E-mail : Jatropha_c@yahoo.co.in

BIODIESEL BUSINESS

BIODIESEL FEASIBILITY STUDIES AND BUSINESS

PLANS

The Overview
 As the financial crisis continues to take its toll, now more than
ever is the time for innovative managers and entrepreneurs to come up with ideas that lead to opportunities
to launch new ventures. So, is this bust really a boon for innovation? The timing may seem inauspicious. In
fact, the odds on the success of an appropriately directed new venture during a downturn may be higher in a
bust than in a competitive boom. A downturn also creates new needs. Common outcome of downturns is an
abundance of underutilized resources that may be available at a relatively low cost. Getting to the break even
point for a new venture and then to profitable growth is crucial in any business. Another approach to winning
is to lower costs without sacrificing productivity or benefits to the consumer. It is only fitting for the downturn
to precipitate a fresh round of entrepreneurship and innovation in a new set of industries.

he renewable fuel may lead developing countries in reducing emissions from deforestation, improving energy
efficiency, and transforming urban transport. Such an approach can simultaneously support economic
recovery and encourage growth in areas that mitigate the impact of climate change. The global crisis may
well lead to a temporary reduction of pressure on biofuel production, but as the price of oil is likely to rise
again, the biofuel issue will return to the top of the agenda. To be better prepared for this, and to avoid the
repetition of the historic scenario, we should take the business to a low carbon development path. The 2nd
generation biodiesel project proposal takes around 3-5 years to come into existence and starts positive cash
flow. As such it is high time to plan and construct biodiesel industry and be prepared for any next financial
slowdown
Top
We believe that businesses prosper if they fulfill human needs – and companies such fulfill the need for
energy. Energy is central to growth and development because it provides affordable solutions for heat, light
and mobility. It lights up our homes, helps us cook our meals, provides power for our factories, and fuels our
modes of transport – from two-wheelers to buses and trains and airplanes. We believe that the right to
energy is a fundamental right. It extends people's lives and improves their livelihoods – so the foundation of
any energy policy has to be that energy is a good thing – and people should not be denied energy. But at the
same time as providing the benefits of energy, we have to address the challenges that it brings. These
include energy security and the environment. The environment is important – alongside providing secure
energy for growth, to move beyond hydrocarbons in the energy we offer to the developing low carbon
economy. If we are able to eliminate poverty, provide gainful employment to all and do these while protecting
the environment, we would have shown a new path to sustainable development. This is exactly the kind of
vision to inspire the world of business. Non-food crops may play a major role in creating the secure and
sustainable energy of tomorrow. It is a significant business. And it exists because there is a strong business
case for low-carbon power today – and there will be an increasingly strong case in the coming years.

Biofuel, "Diesel" from Jatropha and other non food tree crops has the ability to lift many people from poverty
to financial independence, from despair to respect and unemployment to business owners.

In This Way
Farmers would earn from Jatropha/other nonfood crops farming
Farm worker would have employment
Small rural enterprises would sell or purchase the seeds
Small scale industries grow for oil production
Diesel fuel production would further provide business opportunity
By products like press-cake would be traded by villagers
Energy employment and earnings would go together

The Cost
The cost of cultivation depends upon labor availability and comes around US $ 550 -1200 per hectare
The cost maintenance of plantation is around US $ 100-200 per year per hectare
The cost of oil extraction roughly comes about US $ 0, 12 / kg
The cost of Bio Diesel is largely dependent on the choice of feedstock and the size of the production facility.
Top
The goal of CJP, if non-food feedstock is used, the fuel will cost depending on the country approximately US $
0, 40 per liter plus tax when applicable.

CJP is set to become one of the world's major promoters and producer of Jatropha and other nonfood tree
crops focusing on producing Biodiesel from non-food feed stocks and believes there are globally important
opportunities to be exploited….sustainable viable biodiesel business plans. Biofuel's exciting growth prospects
have drawn in investors Well-known/new entrepreneurs are pushing into the sector .Just to facilitate We have
introduced various biodiesel business plans from farming to fuel based on our extensive experience , research
and knowledge keeping in view the fact that “Those who fail to plan, plan to fail”

To break the link between biodiesel feedstocks and food products; Jatropha and other non-food oil
bearing crops are the cheapest and the viable business propositions with following independent or
combined options:

To Become Owner Of: An Oil Reserve: Start Business of Biodiesel crops Cultivation:

To Become Owner Of: A Crude Oil Well: Start Business Of Bio- Oil- Making:

To Become Owner of: a Diesel Refinery: Start sustainable Business of Biodiesel

1.Jatropha Biodiesel Business Plan

2.Alage Biodiesel Business Plan
3.Jojoba Biodiesel Business Plan
4.Derris Indica (Pongamia pinnata) Biodiesel Business Plan
5.Madhuca indica Biodiesel Business Plan
6.Neem (Azadirachta indica) Biodiesel Business Plan
7.Simarouba (Simarouba glauca) Biodiesel Business Plan
8.Moringa oleifera Biodiesel Business Plan
9.Tumba (Citrullus colocynthis) Biodiesel Business Plan
10.Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) Biodiesel Business Plan
11.Ricinus communis Biodiesel Business Plan
12.Camelina Biodiesel Business Plan

For details of different business plan as highlighted above, kindly visit relevant pages

We shall explain that what is the opportunity and how we should intend to capitalize on it, whilst providing
sustainable development in the areas within which we work on the following pages:-
Top
The NEED to plan
Why CJP
The Making of PLAN
The Input/ Output to the plan
The cost of services

While formulating and execution of your ambitious jatropha and other non-food crops based
business plan, we provide /undertake:

1. Desk-Top Feasibility Study Report

2. Pre-Feasibility Study Report
3. Complete Consultancy
4. Business Plan making

5. Business Plan Execution

For a detailed quote kindly mail to jatrophaplan@gmail.com or contact

Director
Business Development Division, CJP
B-132, Sainik Basti, Churu-331001
Tele:+91-9413334600
E.Mail:jatrophaplan@gmail.com

Welcome to Biodiesel Business Academy

Putting Knowledge to Work

CJP has the privilege to provide most
authoritative knowledge platform known for
Development of Sustainable Non-Food Oil Crop
Projects, Programmes and Priorities to Feed
Biodiesel Industry Worldwide and has established
the Biodiesel Business Academy (BBA) to
provide quality, impartial, informative and
enjoyable advanced level training with enhanced
technology in the field of Biodiesel production.
The BBA delivers Training to international and
national participants/professionals of green energy
industry to increase and distribute knowledge and skills. Whether you are new to the industry,
have recently changed jobs or simply wish to refresh your knowledge, our training should
become a key part of your personal or company professional development programme.

Training and capacity building is an important activity of the area. This is achieved through
classroom sessions, demonstration/practical and discussions. We provide Training to the
participants in all matters, to successfully plant and harvest Biodiesel crops and process to
produce biodiesel including how to plant, when to plant, when to harvest, who to extract oil and
make biodiesel etc... We cover the full range of topics on agronomy, farming of various biodiesel
feedstocks including manufacturing bio-oil/biodiesel, sustainable business planning, clean
energy technology and corporate carbon reduction etc.

Based on our proprietary knowledge plant science expertise enhanced technology and
extensive experience and By integrating technical and managerial issues we have developed
various Training package on BIODIESEL covering cover the full range of topics on various
Agricultural and technical aspects to deliver Competencies through Qualified trainers with a
practical 'hands on' approach. Our qualified and certified training consultants provide
comprehensive instruction/information from the extensive range of courses reflecting right from
Plant science and reliable state-of-the-art technology to enhance the skills

The BBA is only the premier organization that arranges the

unique training for all stakeholders to provide them the
opportunity to understand, learn, act and implement the Jatropha
and other nonfood oil plans from ground zero to Biodiesel
production in a very successful manner. We are hosting training
both for national and international participants. Further our
biodiesel courses are also drawn according to the need of the
stakeholders. We have also drawn separate courses for
engineering, agriculture and management students. School biodiesel course is also laid down.
Our training programme/courses the full range of Green energy topics, from agronomy to
economics, from oil production to biodiesel production, from cultivation technology to biodiesel
production technology including 2nd generation biofuels crops, sustainable business planning,
clean energy technology and corporate carbon reduction etc.
THE TECHNOLOGY & THE PROCESS
BBA’s training program includes:

• The construction of learning guides

• Assessment tools
• Resources for delivery
• Delivery strategies
• Administration
• Collating of information

This could be through training, organizing and targeting

participants/stake holders by a comprehensive training
package of knowledge on technical know-how in need
assessment, simple managerial skills for self-reliance,
proper farming, and sustainability measure of the whole
package.

The training programmes are designed in such a way that

the participants can start planting straightaway. The economics of growing, package of practices,
processing aspects and marketing will be presented. Some packages also include a visit to our R
& D Centre

The training package provides general outline and the easy-to-follow training approach of given
the agro-ecological, climatic and socio-cultural diversity. It does offer practical advice and
technology options for establishing Jatropha and other non-food biodiesel farms in a variety of
climates (humid, sub humid and semi-arid).

Establishment of nonfood energy farms requires both technical and managerial solutions to
problems encountered in the field. Field workers can arrive at the appropriate technical solutions
(e.g. soil improvement, crop productivity, input requirements) soon after they have participated
in the training course. This training package follows these steps, carefully integrating technical
and managerial issues.

The course materials provide an introduction to each topic and are

distributed to the participants during each training session after set
out a programme of activities and technical information on each
topic

Professional agriculturists, foresters and horticulturists teach how

to plant and care for new plantation. This would involve initial
planting of nuts, seedlings or stems followed by training in
propagation to better yields. Also, training is given
in pruning to develop a well branched canny. They also teach about proper fertilization and
irrigation that may increase nut production.

The biodiesel professor/experts teach how to make biodiesel with live demonstration and shall
also teach the pro and cons of the manufacturing process

The Technology Leaflets provides information on the technical, planning and management skills
necessary for creating Fuel Farms, and opportunities for, improving technical skills for attaining
better harvest and have practical meaning to the participants. With an objective to Learning by
doing; Some Packages shall have the live demo of planting/crushing/biodiesel making
JATROPHA GROWING SEASONS GROWING SEASONS LOCATION WORLD LOCATION INDIA

If we go 23 1/2° north of the Equator we encounter a special dashed parallel called the Tropic of Cancer; if
we go the same distance south we see its companion the Tropic of Capricorn. The former is at the latitude at
which the Sun passes directly overhead on the first day of summer in the Northern Hemisphere, while the
latter is where the Sun passes overhead on the first day of Southern Hemisphere summer (or Northern
Hemisphere Winter); these evens occur, respectively, about June 22nd and December 22nd.

So, in meteorology for the Northern hemisphere: Conversely, for the Southern hemisphere:
Spring begins on : March 1 Summer begins on : December 1
Summer on : June 1 Autumn on : March 1
Autumn on : September 1 Winter on : June 1
Winter on : December 1 Spring on : September 1

Therefore the growing seasons for JATROPHA shall be as under

For the countries falling in Northern hemisphere For the countries falling in Southern hemisphere
Nursery raising: March Nursery rising : September
Plantation: May Plantation : November
 JATROPHA WORLD LOCATIONS
GROWING SEASONS LOCATION WORLD LOCATION INDIA

Jatropha Growing Climate

Temperature is an important aspect of climate and can be used to grade climatic zones on a scale of five:

1. Tropical, with annual and monthly averages above 20° C (68° F);
2. subtropical, with 4 to 11 months above 20° C, and the balance between 10° and 20° C (50° to 68° F);
3. temperate, with 4 to 12 months at 10° to 20° C, and the rest cooler;
4. cold, with 1 to 4 months at 10° to 20° C, and the rest cooler; and

5. Polar, with 12 months below 10° C.

he Jatropha can be grown in all countries falling under tropical, subtropical zones and in certain countries fall
in temperate climate. Also in certain areas of Arid and sub-Arid regions As perVegetation Classification it
grows in the selva, or equatorial rain-forest belt, the hot tropical belt and in the savanna region perfectly

The list of countries qualified for Jatropha fuel crop

Africa Asia North America South America Australia

1 Algeria Bangladesh Belize Argentina Australia
2 Angola China Bermuda Bolivia Fiji
3 Benin India Costa Rica Brazil
4 Botswana Indonesia Dominica Chile
5 Burkina Faso Laos Dominican Republic Colombia
6 Burundi Malaysia El Salvador Ecuador
7 Cameroon Maldives Greenland Falkland Islands
8 Cape Verde Mongolia Grenada French Guiana
9 Central African Myanmar Guadeloupe Guyana
Republic
10 Chad Nepal Guatemala Paraguay
11 Comoros Pakistan Haiti Peru
12 Côte d'Ivoire Philippines Honduras Suriname
(commonly known
as Ivory Coast)
13 Djibouti Sri Lanka Jamaica Uruguay
14 Egypt Syria Martinique Venezuela
15 Equatorial Guinea Thailand Mexico
16 Eritrea Vietnam Montserrat
17 Ethiopia Yemen Nicaragua
18 Gabon Panama
19 Gambia Puerto Rico
20 Ghana Saint Barthelemy
21 Guinea Saint Kitts and
Nevis
22 Guinea-Bissau Saint Lucia
23 Kenya Saint Martin
24 Lesotho Trinidad and
Tobago
25 Liberia
26 Libya
27 Madagascar
28 Malawi
29 Mali
30 Mauritania
31 Mauritius
32 Mayotte
33 Morocco
34 Mozambique
 35 Namibia
36 Niger
37 Nigeria
38 Rwanda
39 Saint Helena
40 São Tomé and
Príncipe
41 Senegal
42 Swaziland
43 Tanzania
44 Togo
45 Tunisia
46 Uganda
47 Zambia
48 Zimbabwe

LOCATIONS FOR JATROPHA PLANTATION IN INDIA

GROWING SEASONS LOCATION WORLD LOCATION INDIA
Non-Forest Areas proposed for Jatropha Plantation

200 districts in 19 potential states have been identified on the basis of availability of wasteland, rural poverty ratio,
below poverty line (BPL) census and agro-climatic conditions suitable for jatropha cultivation.Each district will be
treated as a block and under each block 15000 ha jatropha plantation will be undertaken through farmers (BPL).
Proposed to provide green coverage to about 3 Million ha of wasteland through plantation of jatropha in 200
identified districts over a period of 3 years.
Andhra Pradesh

Adilabad, Anantapur, Chittoor, Cuddapah, Kurnool, Karim Nagar, Mehboob Nagar, Nellore, Nalgonda,
Prakasam, Visakhapatnam, Warrangal.

Bihar

Araria, Aurangabad, Banka, Betiah (West Champaran), Bhagalpur, Gaya, Jahanabad, Jamui, Kaimur,
Latehar, Muzzaffarpur, Munger, Nawada.

Chhattisgarh

Bastar, Bilaspur, Dantewada, Dhamtri, Durg, Jagdalpur, Janjgir-champa, Kanker, Kawardha, korba,
Mahasaund, Rajnandgaon, Raipur, Raigarh, Surguj.

Jharkhand

Bokaro, Chatra, Daltenganj, Devgarh, Dhanbad, Dumka, Garhwa, Godda, Giridih, Gumla, Hazaribag,
Jamshedpur, Koderma, Pakur, Palamu, Ranchi, Sahibganj, Singbhum(East), Singbhum(West).

Gujarat

Ahmedabad, Amerli, Banaskantha, Bhavnagar, Junagarh, Jamnagar, Kutch, Rajkot, Surendranagar, Surat.

Goa

Panaji, Padi, Ponda, Sanguelim.

Himachal Pradesh

Bilaspur, Nahan, Parvanu, Solan, Unna

Haryana

Ambala, Bhiwani, Faridabad, Gurgaon, Hisar, Jind, Jhajjar, Mohindergarh, Punchkula, Rewari, Rohtak.

Karnataka

Bijapur, Bellary, Bangalore, Belgaum, Chikmagalur, Chitradurga, Daksina Kannada, Dharwad, Gulbarga,
Hassan, Kolar, Mysore, Raichur, Tumkur, Udupi.

Kerala

Kottayam, Quilon, Trichur, Thiruvananthapuram.

Madhya Pradesh

Betul, Chhindwara, Guna, Hoshingabad, Jabalpur, Khandwa , Mand Saur, Mandla, Nimar (Khargaon),
Ratlam, Raisena, Rewa, Shahdol, Shajapur, Shivpuri, Sagar, Satna, Shahdol, Tikamgarh, Ujjain, Vidisha.

Maharashtra

Ahmednagar, Aurangabad, Amrawati, Akola, Beed, Buldana, Dhule, Nasik, Osmanabad, Parbhani, Pune,
Ratnagiri, Raigad, Thana, Yavatmal.

Orissa

Bolangir, Cuttack, Dhenkanal, Ganiam, Gajapati, Jajapur, Koraput, Keonjhar, Kalahandi, Nowrangpur,
Nawapra, Phulbani, Puri.

Punjab

Ferozpur, Gurdaspur, Hoshiarpur, Patiala, Sangrur.

Rajasthan

Ajmer, Alwar, Barmar, Bilwara, Bikaner, Churu, Chittorgarh, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Kota, Sikar, Sawai
Madhopur, Udaipur.

Tamil Nadu

Coimbatore, Chenai, Dharmapuri, Erode, Madurai, Perigar, Salem, Tirunelvelli, Vellore.

Uttar Pradesh

Allahabad, Agra, Balia, Bulandshare, Bhadohi, Baharaich, Chhitrakut, Deoria, Ferozabad, Faizabad,
Ghazipur, Hardoi, Jaunpur, Jhansi, Kausambi, Lalitpur, Mainpuri, Partapgarh, Raibareli, Sultanpur,
Shahjahanpur.

Uttaranchal

Chamoli, Dehradun, Pithoragarh, Rishikesh, Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttrakashi.

West Bengal

Balurghat, Barasat, Burdwan, Cochbehar, Darjeeling, Hoogly, Howrah,

http://www.pcra-biofuels.org/

http://www.top-biofuel.org/
http://biofuel.org.uk/history-of-biofuels.html

http://www.biofuel.org.uk/

http://www.biodiesel.org/buyingbiodiesel/retailfuelingsites/

http://www.biodiesel.org/