Special Issue : Contemporary Insights in Real Estate Management

Construction Management Project Management Infrastructure Management

General Management Real Estate Management

Vol. XXXIII, No. II

April - June 2018
 Dr. Mangesh G. Korgaonker
Director General

Dr. Jonardan Koner

Professor & Dean : Admissions, Research and Publications

Views expressed in the papers, communications, and other matter published in the Journal are those of the contributors.
The Editor or the Institute do not hold themselves responsible for them.
 NICMAR
JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
Vol. XXXIII April - June 2018 (Spl. Issue) No. II
CONTENTS
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Application Of Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) For Residential Construction 5
Project: A Case Study
Monaben Prakashbhai Prajapati, Neetu B. Yadav and Neeraj D. Sharma
Evaluation Of Quality Assessment Framework In Indian Building Construction Projects 15
Marimuthu K, Benny Raphael, Ananthanarayanan K and Ekambaram Palaneeswaran
Housing Price Dynamics: An Empirical Evidence From India 24
Vandana Bhavsar, Harish Sundararaman, Nirmal Yemde and Akshay Daga
A Study On Adaptability Of Alternative Walling Materials In Building Construction 33
Rajput B. L., Agarwal A. L. and Pawar A. D.
Investigation of On-site Productivity Variations In A Large Scale Residential Project Using 40
Control Charts
Debabrata De, Akshat Medatwa, Saransh Gupta, Appalabattula Suryadhar, Swapnil Jain and
Shobha Ramalingam
Implementation Of Value Stream Mapping For Building Finishes 49
Aneetha Vilventhan and Rajadurai R
Capital Structure And Financial Performance: Evidences From Indian Real Estate Sector 56
Sudhir Ambekar, Dipayan Roy, Anand Prakash and Vishal Singh Patyal
Qualitative Content Analysis Using NVivo For Research In Construction, Real Estate, 69
Infrastructure And Project Management
Nilesh Agarchand Patil, Boeing Laishram and Hake S. L.
An Exploratory Case Study On Communication Management In Indian Building 81
Construction Projects
Ayushi Srivastava, Gangadhar Mahesh and V. Anand
A Case Study On Wastage Consideration In Building Interior Projects 90
Murali Jagannathan
Factors Affecting Delay In Real Estate Projects In India 95
Ravindranadh Chowdary K, Lalit B Limbani, Mayank M Kaushik, Namrata S and Neha Pradhan
Green Building Construction Management And Its Integration With Building Information 101
Modelling (BIM)
Avinash Purandare, R. A. Sandeep, Mansham Sharma, Aman Lawania and Yash Nagda
BOOK REVIEW
INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING AND FINANCE 108
Dr. Jonardan Koner
 Application Of Critical Chain Project
Management (CCPM) For Residential
Construction Project: A Case Study
1 2 3
Monaben Prakashbhai Prajapati , Neetu B. Yadav and Neeraj D. Sharma

Abstract : Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) is a scheduling tool which is used for planning and
managing projects based on the resources that are required to execute project tasks within
predefined time and budget. In this study, LYNX based step by step process of scheduling has been
prescribed for residential construction projects. The detailed process of scheduling starts with
identification of tasks, resources, activities, calculation of labour productivity, labour assignment
and finally assigning duration for each activity based on resource availability. Lastly, this study
prepared the final CCPM schedule for a particular set of activities.

Keywords : Critical chain; LYNX Scheduler; Project management; Scheduling; Software

1
Student, M.E., 2Assistant Professor and 3Principal and HOD, Civil Engineering Department, S.N.P.I.T. & R.C., Umrakh, Bardoli, Gujarat.
Email: pmp7001@gmail.com
 Evaluation Of Quality Assessment Framework
In Indian Building Construction Projects
Marimuthu K1, Benny Raphael2, Ananthanarayanan K3 and Ekambaram Palaneeswaran4

Abstract : Quality is one of the most important parameters for project performance evaluation. It is not
considered as important as time and cost in practice, which results in a half-hearted attempt to
achieve quality at project sites. However, during the operational and maintenance period, the
facility may deteriorate faster than expected if it is not planned and executed well. Achieving high
project performance in time, cost and quality altogether is a complicated process. However, it is an
essential facet of today's competitive project environment. Quality is often evaluated in a subjective
manner and assessment varies from person to person. Because of this reason, the stakeholders
usually take advantage on the parameters of quality. The purpose of this study is two-fold: (1)
identify the critical factors influencing quality performances, and (2) check the applicability of an
existing quality assessment framework, viz. Construction Quality Assessment System
(CONQUAS) for building construction projects in India. An E-mail based online questionnaire
survey was conducted to rank the critical factors influencing quality performances using three
indices, i.e., relative importance index, frequency index, and severity index. The top seven critical
factors identified are: (1) project supervision, (2) site inspection and testing, (3) Project
Management (PM) competency, (4) clear objectives/stakeholder focus, (5) teamwork, (6) quality
culture, and (7) project planning and scheduling process. Cronbach's alpha value was greater than
0.7, which indicated a high reliability of the data. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was
0.811 between the factors of project supervision, site inspection and testing. The independent
sample t-test indicated that there existed a significant difference in the mean values of structural,
architectural, and mechanical & electrical building components between the Indian context and
CONQUAS model, t=6.284 > 1.9771 (critical value), p<0.05. Mann-Whitney U test also
indicated that there was a significant difference in the building components across the group. The
implication of this study would help in building a common ground for quality assessments among
the stakeholders by adopting existing models.

Keywords : Building construction; CONQUAS; Quality; Quality assessment; Quality management

1
PhD Research Scholar, 2Associate Professor, 3Professor, BTCM Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology,
Madras, Chennai, 4Associate Professor, Civil and Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
Email: marimuthukan@gmail.com
 Housing Price Dynamics:
An Empirical Evidence From India
1 2 3 4
Vandana Bhavsar , Harish Sundararaman , Nirmal Yemde and Akshay Daga

Abstract : With an aim to study the interrelationship of the housing markets in India, the present study
empirically examines various demand side and supply side macroeconomic factors affecting house
prices in the short run and long run. This study investigates the causal relationship between house
price and macroeconomic variables in India using quarterly data (2009 Q1: 2016 Q2). The case of
India is intriguing and suitable, as the Indian economy is passing through a rapid phase of
urbanisation combined with positive demographics, rising income levels, and increasing number
of metropolitan cities. The paper tries to explore – “what macro factors explain housing prices?”
and consequently redressing gap in the extant literature. The results of the Autoregressive
distributed model indicate that all variables are co-integrated in the long run. Findings suggest that
private final consumption expenditure and construction cost are significantly related with house
price in the long run and short run. However, housing loans affect house price in India in the short
run only. Interestingly, inflation affects the house prices positively in the short run, whereas it
affects negatively in the long run. The findings hold significant implications for policy makers,
government and investors since the enhancement of knowledge about the house price dynamics
and working of housing markets in the country would help formulate housing policies at the
macro level.

Keywords : House price index; Private consumption expenditure/Gdp; House loans; Granger causality

1
Associate Professor and 234Student, Real Estate and Urban Infrastructure Management, National Institute of Construction Management and
Research, Pune. Email : vbhavsar@nicmar.ac.in
 A Study On Adaptability Of Alternative
Walling Materials In Building Construction
1 2 3
Rajput B. L. , Agarwal A. L. and Pawar A. D.
Abstract : The aesthetic design of the building and use of construction materials have to correspond to local
building traditions and to the user's way of living. Appropriate technology is important when
discussing building construction materials. The use of technology has to be in accordance with the
local conditions, and at the same time be durable, reliable and functionally built. In construction,
various building materials are used to construct different elements of the structure. In the past few
years, the market has provided varieties of alternative construction materials with better
functional performance, economical, faster and safer construction. Response of the customers is
very slow, in adapting to and accepting new building materials, unless and until these materials
are used/ practiced in the real-life building projects, rather than believing and accepting based on
laboratory test results. In any building structure, construction of partition walls is a major work.
In this study, various alternative materials available in the market are technically compared along
with their adaptability under different building situations. This study will help the builder to select
appropriate materials for partition wall to enhance aesthetics and building functionality.

Keywords : Adaptability; Alternative materials; Building; Construction

13 2
Associate Professor, Senior Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune.
Email : babalurajput@nicmar.ac.in
 Investigation Of On-site Productivity Variations In
A Large Scale Residential Project Using Control Charts
Debabrata De1, Akshat Medatwal2, Saransh Gupta3, Appalabattula Suryadhar4,
Swapnil Jain5 and Shobha Ramalingam6

Abstract : Poor productivity in construction is a major concern for an organization. Lower productivity rate
can delay the project and lead to cost overruns. This could be due to technical issues such as
incomplete drawings, non-availability of specified material, wrong distribution of resources,
improper sequencing of activities or process related issues such as time consumed to do repetitive
tasks; improper method of doing the task and so on, leading to variations in the process and
productivity rate. The objective of this study is to investigate the variation in productivity in the
process and identify areas for improvement, for repetitive tasks in large scale residential projects in
India. Focusing on the process, data was collected for concrete piling in three residential towers in
Kolkata. The data was analyzed using statistical process control techniques such as the control
chart. The findings highlighted the variations in the process. The special causes for the variation
were further investigated through records maintained at the site office and by interviewing
respective personnel on the project. The identified factors and the variation in the process are
expected to guide in the direction of productivity improvement for similar residential projects.

Keywords : Productivity; Process variations; Statistical process control; Control charts; Construction

12345
Student, ACM and 6Assistant Professor, SOCM, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune.
Email: debabratade87@gmail.com
 Implementation Of Value Stream Mapping
For Building Finishes
Aneetha Vilventhan1 and Rajadurai R2

Abstract : Value stream mapping is a lean tool used in manufacturing industry to enhance the process flow by
adding value and eliminating non-value-added steps in the process. Much research has been
carried out in implementing VSM in construction practices in different perceptions. This paper
brings out the application of VSM in improving the process and reducing the waste in the building
finishes. This paper reports a case study in the finishing stage of a hospital building for
implementation of VSM. The finishing activity in the process flow is monitored. The current state
and the future state of the process are mapped to improve the process efficiency and reduce the waste
associated with it.

Keywords : Value stream mapping (VSM); Lean construction; Building finishes; Case study

12
Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai. Email: aneetha.v@ktr.srmuniv.ac.in
 Capital Structure And Financial Performance:
Evidences From Indian Real Estate Sector
1 2 3 4
Sudhir Ambekar , Dipayan Roy , Anand Prakash and Vishal Singh Patyal
Abstract : One of the most important decisions for any firm is choice of financing for its investment needs.
Firms can use internal sources such as retained earnings or external sources such as borrowings
from financial institutions, and issue of stock to finance their investments. The mix of these
external sources of financing is referred to as the capital structure of a firm. It is one of the most
studied topics historically but there is a need to determine the impact of capital structure on the
financial performance of real estate firms. It is a challenging task owing to the presence of different
sources of finance in the real estate sector. The present study focuses on capital structure,
profitability and firm valuation. The paper utilizes the panel data regression model to analyze the
data of six years on 35 listed real estate firms in India. The selection of fixed effect or random effect
for this regression is based on Hausman test. The empirical finding suggests a significant
relationship between capital structure and firm performance. It has a direct relationship with the
measures of profitability whereas an indirect relationship with the firm value. The findings may be
useful for the real-estate developers to determine their capital structure for improving their financial
performance. Further, this study may be useful for investors, customers and other stakeholders in
deciding their investments in real estate firms.

Keywords : Panel data analysis; Capital structure; Profitability; Tangibility; Firm valuation; Real estate

134
Associate Professor and 2Assistant Professor, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune.
Email: sambekar@nicmar.ac.in
 Qualitative Content Analysis Using NVivo
For Research In Construction, Real Estate,
Infrastructure And Project Management
Nilesh Agarchand Patil1, Boeing Laishram2 and Hake S. L.3
Abstract : There are various Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis Software (CAQDAS) tools for
qualitative data analysis. Amongst the CAQDAS tools, NVivo is used the most to store, organize
and analyze the qualitative data from the literature as well as the field study in various types of
research. NVivo also seems well suited for many of the problems faced in Construction, Real
Estate, Infrastructure and Project (CRIP) management research, but its uses are limited in
research in these areas. This article explains the systematic method of Qualitative Content
Analysis (QCA) from literature review as data source for research in CRIP management using
NVivo10 as a CAQDAS tool. The method includes the five steps procedure of QCA through
literature review to develop the grounded theory in NVivo10. The five steps of QCA include: (i)
importing and classification of the documents; (ii) coding of the data; (iii) displaying of the data;
(iv) analysis of the data; and (v) developing a theory. Though the example used in this paper is for
identification of sustainability barriers in Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) for infrastructure
development, the emphasis is on the general principles to show how various CRIP management
research topics could be explored using this method. The article elaborates the coding procedure of
QCA through open and axial coding which are used as free and tree nodes respectively in NVivo.
The study also presents the guidelines for applying NVivo as CAQDAS tool for QCA through
literature to construct the grounded theory in the field of research in CRIP management and
related research areas. The paper presents a critical insight on application of NVivo to develop the
grounded theory using literature review in CRIP management research which has not been the
focus in the majority of previous research studies.

Keywords : Qualitative content analysis; Qualitative data analysis; CRIP management; Public-private
partnerships; NVivo

1
Research Scholar, 2Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, IIT, Guwahaiti and 3Associate Professor, D.V.V.P. College of
Engineering, Ahmednagar. Email: p.agarchand@iitg.ernet.in
 An Exploratory Case Study On
Communication Management In
Indian Building Construction Projects
1 2 3
Ayushi Srivastava , Gangadhar Mahesh and V. Anand

Abstract : Communication management, as an essential part of project management is relatively a growing

field in Indian construction industry. With an increase in complex projects as a result of booming
economy, it is important to explore and establish the present state of project communication and
communication management in Indian construction industry. The need is to investigate and
analyse the major issues faced by the projects and build a suitable approach to communication
management. In this context, the case study presented here explores an ongoing critical project
which involves construction of a commercial building in Bangalore for a reputed IT company. The
project is a fixed lump sum contract between the client and the general contractor, and a
management contract between the client and the Project Management Consultant. The study is
made with the perspective of the contractor and uses semi structured interviews with various
stakeholders of project and site personnel of the contractor. The project is currently at mid of the
contract duration. The study is aimed at recognising the underlying basis of communication
management in Indian context and identifying critical issues. It also provides insight to the level of
awareness, skills and approach to handling communication in a complex Indian construction
project.

Keywords : Communication management; Indian construction industry

1 2 3
Student, Professor, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal and L & T Construction, Chennai.
Email : gangadhar.mahesh@gmail.com
 A Case Study On Wastage Consideration
In Building Interior Projects
*
Murali Jagannathan
Abstract : In the age of increasing Foreign Direct Investments (FDI), business houses in India, are developing
swanky office spaces, with high end finishes meeting international standards. Small time interior
finishing contractors, are now entering into mainstream contracts, with major clients in order to
deliver high end finishing solutions. This has necessitated having in place, an effective contract
management process, within the organizations of owners and building interior contractors.
Building interior projects are more vulnerable to disputes than the projects that involve pure civil
works because of a) interfacing issues with other trades b) an individual's perception about the
appearance that may lead to frequent changes in colour, texture, orientation etc. c) financial
strengths of small time contractors and d) the very nature of materials involved in high-end
interior works which are fragile, expensive and generally imported. These additional complexities
add another dimension to the task of managing such contracts. This case study illustrates one such
scenario, that revolves around an issue pertaining to consideration of wastage, in the bill of
quantities. The learning from the case would help us to understand the subtle complexities
involved, in managing building interior projects.

Keywords : Interior; Wastage; Quantity; Rate; Building

*
Assistant Professor, School of Construction Management, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune.
Email: mjagannathan@nicmar.ac.in
Factors Affecting Delay In Real Estate Projects In India
Ravindranadh Chowdary K1, Lalit B Limbani2, Mayank M Kaushik3,
Namrata S4 and Neha Pradhan5
Abstract : The Real Estate sector is one of the most globally recognized sectors. In India, Real Estate sector is
the largest employer after agriculture and is expected to touch US$ 180 billion by 2020. With
sanctioning of the construction of affordable housing for urban poor under the Pradhan Mantri
Awas Yojana, by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation, the real estate sector in
urban area has been in great demand. Also, the Government of India has introduced Real Estate
Regulation Act (RERA) to control over the issues raised by buyers pertaining to the timely
completion of projects and registration of property etc. The objective of this study is to identify the
factors of delay by collecting data from ongoing projects, analysing and comparing them with
results coming out of the case study. A questionnaire survey and a case study on an ongoing project
were used for analysis in this paper. The questionnaire survey was used to collect responses from
working professionals in the Real Estate industry in India. Ranking of the delay factors is done
using the Relative Importance Index (RII) based on the importance of a factor perceived by the
respondents. The Factor Analysis using IBM SPSS software package was carried out to
consolidate the 46 delay factors into 6 major factors. Further, a case study on a live project was
conducted to identify the delay factors and compare them with the results arising from the
questionnaire survey.

Keywords : Real estate; Delay; Relative Importance Index (RII); IBM SPSS

1
Assistant Professor and 2345Student, PGP in Advanced Construction Management, 29th Batch, National Institute of Construction Management and
Research, Hyderabad. Email: kravindranadh@nicmar.ac.in
 Green Building Construction Management And
Its Integration With
Building Information Modelling (BIM)
1 2 3 4 5
Avinash Purandare , R. A. Sandeep , Mansham Sharma , Aman Lawania and Yash Nagda

Abstract : The purpose of this study is to consider new buildings construction, and methods of retrofitting
existing buildings, while satisfying low energy criteria. This means improving energy efficiency of
buildings and energy systems, developing sustainable building concepts, and promoting renewable
energy sources. 'Green' or 'sustainable' buildings use key resources like energy, water, materials,
and land more efficiently than normal buildings. With more natural light and better air quality,
green buildings typically contribute to improved employee health, comfort, and productivity. A
green building depletes the natural resources to the minimum extent during its construction and
operation. Our study also includes implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM),
along with green concept, so as to visualize the problems and risks, which are involved in the project
at various stages. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a process that supports virtual design
and construction methodologies. With the help of BIM we can reduce the cost of wastage to a large
extent. By using BIM the productivity increases, which in turn reduces the operation cost of
construction. The aim of our study is to manage the construction of green buildings using building
information modelling tools, and their timely completion within minimum possible cost. It also
includes, minimizing the demand of non-renewable resources, maximizing the utilization
efficiency of these resources, when in use, and to maximize the reuse, recycling, and utilization of
renewable resources, as this increases the use of efficient building materials and construction
practices. It suggests method of optimising the use of on-site sources and sinks by bio-climatic
architectural practices; using minimum energy to power itself, using efficient equipment to meet its
lighting, air-conditioning, and other needs. It suggests methods to maximize the use of renewable
sources of energy, using efficient waste and water management practices, and to provide
comfortable and hygienic indoor working conditions.

Keywords : Construction management; Green building; Building information modelling

1
Sr. Associate Professor and 2345Student, PGP, National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Pune.
Email : sandeep.ramya@gmail.com