Africa UCBP

UNIT 4
SANITARY FIXTURES

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4.1 Types and uses of sanitary fixtures

Sanitary appliances (fixtures) are divided into two
groups.
1. Soil appliance:
Designed for the collection and discharge of
excrement matters, like faeces and urine. Soil
appliances includes water closets, urinals etc.
2. Waste appliance:
Designed for the collection and discharge of water
used in cooking, washing and other domestic
purpose. Waste appliance includes, baths, wash
basins, showers, sinks, bidets, drinking fountains,
wash tubs, ablution fountains etc. Sanitary waste
appliances are various type, designs and made from
different material are commonly available. When
selecting appliance use only those of good quality,
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Traps:
Are devices that are used to prevent the passage of
foul or odor gases from the drainage pipes back into
the interior of the building. There are different types
of traps, which are used, in different fixtures. Some
are:

P-trap
Q-trap

S-trap

Bottle-trap

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The trap most commonly used with plumbing fixtures is the

P-trap. The P-trap gets its name because of its general
shape-that of the letter P.

Traps are required because they prevent

sewer gases from entering a building and
causing serious illness or death.
The term trap seal refers to the water being
held in the bent portion of a fixture trap. The
trap seal forms a seal against the passage of
sewer gases through the trap and into the
building.
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Architectural Science 3 (Water)

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Waste appliance
Wash basin or Lavatory:
These are used for hand and face washing. Domestic
basins are usually fixed in bathrooms. In public
places such as toilets, several basins may fitted in
ranges. They are available in varies size but the
commonest are between 600mm and 685mm wide
and b/n 400m and 560mm width to the back, with a
bowl approximately 240mm deep. Domestic basins
are usually made of vitreous china and supported on
pedestals of the same materials.
The height from the front edge of the basin to the
floor should be between 760 and 860mm.
The most common types of hand or lavatory basins
are hung and pedestal.

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Bath
These are used for whole body washing and are
usually rectangular or tube shaped, (with sizes range
from 1,68 – 1,83m long 0,70 – 074m wide and 0,43 –
0,45m deep) They are available in a range of
materials including porcelain enameled cast iron or
steel, acrylic or glass reinforced plastics.

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Water Closet ( WC )
These are designed to received excreta and to flush
into drainage system. There are several types but all
must have smooth and easily cleaned surface and
be made in one piece wherever possible, with an
integral water trap with a 50mm seal.
They are made from glazed fireclay, vitreous china or
stainless steel and must be connected to a manual
flushing cistern which may be fitted at a low or high
level or be closed-coupled depending on the type of
water closet (WC). Flushing cistern can be made
from ceramic materials or plastics.

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Installing water closet

• The installation of water closet with the sloping out
let and a flush tank fixed directly to the bowl at the
rear end.
• To begin with, locate and mark the position of the
fastener.
• Then, wipe the mating surface clean and allow them
to dry. With a suitable solvent and apply a coat of
epoxy adhesive over the bottom
• Press the bowl to the floor to an even bearing and
couple the flush tank to the bowl.

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• The position where a water closet should

mounted is closed to a soil stack in cause of
short ways for faeces.
• The joint between the ceramic out let port and
the soil pipe with a special sealing or cement
mortar.
• Connect the floating valve of the flush tank to the
supply pipe and adjust the water level in the tank
so that it is 20mm below the over flow in let.

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To avoid inflows from the vertical soil pipe the

connecting port is to achieve with a high difference
from one diameter of the outlet

Different possibilities for the connecting port

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The bidet
• Consists of low, basin like ceramic bowl, which may
either be mounted on the floor or hung on a wall.
• Warm water may be diverted to flow around the rim to fill
the fixtures before use.
• The basin discharges through a drain with diameter
32mm connected to fixtures trap.

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Installing kitchen sinks

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Installing kitchen sinks

Kitchen sinks are usually placed on a cabinets made of

wood, plastics or other materials .To begin with
assemble a mixer of cold and hot water supply is to
connect.
• Mount the sink on a cabinet.
• Connect the supply pipes, drain and trap.
• Join the trap to fixtures.
• Bring the sink in to a level position

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