Camryn M.

Bowles

Professor Hunter

English Composition 1201

6 February 2019

Annotated Bibliography

Technology and social media has become a huge part of our everyday lives. It’s how we

do our homework, entertain our kids, and communicate with each other. The first computers

were introduced in the 30’s yet not part of the everyday use until the 80’s. As years go by

technology advanced to smartphones in 1992. This opened up a whole new world of

communication and entertainment. As technology advances children spend the time they used to

be playing outside, playing on their smartphones. The impact of technology has negatively

impacted our world in so many ways, could it be affecting our children too? The negative

impacts affect our kids mental, physical, and emotional health in many different ways.

Carey, Benedict. “Is Screen Time Bad for Kids' Brains?” The New York Times, The New York

Times, 10 Dec. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/12/10/health/screen-time-kids-

psychology.html.

This article written by Carey Benedict from The New York Times, addresses the common

concern of “screen time” for children. Scientists and psychologists conducted studies and

surveys to determine the emotional and behavioral differences of children using specific

technology. According to,

https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/10/health/screen-time-kids-psychology.html, screen time is

“probably both bad and good for the brain, depending on the individual and his or her

viewing habits.” Children who play violent video games may influence them to use these
 aggressive techniques that they wouldn’t think to use on their own. With this, it also

draws the question, “ Do children who play a lot of violent video games become more

aggressive as a result, or were they drawn to such content because they were more

aggressive from the start?” Although, it may not be able to be proven that there is a

connection between the violent games and children’s behavior, many parents don’t

purchase these games for the mere fact that they believe it isn’t good to introduce your

young children to guns and violent behavior. In young children, many of these horrific

behaviors in video games give them nightmares. I believe that the author wrote this

article to show that technology may not be as bad as we put it out to be. Some scientist

have been able to prove this and others have not and is often said that, “Clear conclusions

are extremely hard to come by.” I know that this is a credible source because it came

from The New York Times. I will use this in my article to show that although many think

that technology is terrible and thee main cause to all the madness, it may not be all that

bad for your children; at least it isn’t clearly proven to be.

Children's Hospital. “How Too Much Screen Time Affects Kids' Eyes.” Children's Hospital of

Philadelphia, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 6 Dec. 2018,

www.chop.edu/news/health-tip/how-too-much-screen-time-affects-kids-eyes.

In this article written by Ayesha Malik from Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, she addresses

the effects that screen time has on children’s vision. According to,

https://www.chop.edu/news/health-tip/how-too-much-screen-time-affects-kids-eyes,

there are many problems that can come with too much screen time for the eyes. Malik

states, “Too much indoors can lead to nearsightedness.” Many other things such as eye

fatigue, dry and irritated eyes, and the loss of being able to focus are all things that are
 caused from the less exposure to UV light and the excessive exposure to their devices.

When children lash out in public their parents hand them their devices in order to keep

them quiet. Once this happens the likelihood of the child's eyes leaving that screen are

slim to none. Malik also states, “Research shows that the blue light from computer and

device screens, when used in the evening, alters the brain’s sleep rhythms.” I often run

into this issue when my eyes are glued to my screen too close to bedtime. I think that the

purpose of this article is to inform parents on the risks of having too much screen time,

and what the healthy alternatives are. I know that this is a credible source because the

information is coming from a pediatric opthamologist from the Philadelphia Children’s

Hospital. I will use this is my article to argue the physical effects that the amount of

screen time has on children. This article takes on the negative side that screen time has on

the optic view. Lastly, I will use the part on the impact on their sleep time for what screen

time does to the mental side of children.

Children's National. “The Importance of Limiting Screen Time | Children's National.” Rise and

Shine by Children's National, Children's National

Https://Riseandshine.childrensnational.org/Wp-

Content/Uploads/2017/11/childrens_riseandshine_logo.Jpg, 23 Feb. 2018,

riseandshine.childrensnational.org/the-importance-of-limiting-screen-time/.

This article written by Michael Mintz from Children’s National communicates how important it

is to watch the what and the amount that children are using their screens. The main point

of this article is that parents eliminate their child’s ability to regulate themselves.

According to, http://riseandshine.childrensnational.org/the-importance-of-limiting-

screen-time/, self-regulation is broken down into three categories; cognitive, emotional,

 and physiological.” Each of these help develop, with age, focus, the ability to keep calm,

and manage their behaviors and actions. Mintz also states, “Screen time can have such an

intense effect on the brain that, even after we turn off the TV or other device, the brain

keeps firing as if it were still watching it.” Thus being the reason that children cannot fall

asleep after keeping their eyes glued to their devices. I believe that the purpose of this

article is to inform parents on what social media and screens do for a child’s self-

regulatory system. It also gives them some insight on what to do to improve this.

Children are led by example so in order for them to change and better themselves, you

have to too as a parent. I know this source is credible because the author of this article is

a doctor of psychology. He is an expert for children with autism-spectrum disorders at the

Clinic of Children’s National. I will use this in my essay to tell why kids are not able to

control themselves in their everyday lives. This article gives me many examples of kids

lashing out, and all because why,? Because they aren’t able to regulate themselves.

“Is Too Much Screen Time Affecting Your Child's Health?” Psychology Today, Sussex

Publishers, www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-moment-youth/201811/is-too-much-

screen-time-affecting-your-child-s-health

This article from Psychology Today by Marilyn Price-Mitchell tell how the amount of screen

time is affecting kids health. The purpose of this article is to relay the findings that ,

“suggest that more than one hour per day of screen time for children ages two to

seventeen is associated with lower psychological well-being.” According to,

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-moment-youth/201811/is-too-much-

screen-time-affecting-your-child-s-health, “more hours of daily screen time were

associated with less curiosity, more difficulty with friendships, more distractibility, less
 emotional steadiness, and less ability to complete tasks.” I know that this article is

credible because the author has a PhD in social innovation. The source was recently

written in 2018 and all of its sources are reliable as well. I will use this source as a way to

show how the different ages of children and the amount of screen time is correlated. I

will use it to show that the older you get the worse your mental health, increased arguing,

less self-control, and difficulty with friendships gets.

Middlebrook, Hailey. “New Screen Time Rules for Kids, by Doctors.” CNN, Cable News

Network, 21 Oct. 2016, www.cnn.com/2016/10/21/health/screen-time-media-rules-

children-aap/index.html.

This article written by Hailey Middlebrook from CNN explains the doctors new rules for screen

time. This article breaks down the rules for children by ages; 18 months and younger, 2-

5, 6+. According to, https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/21/health/screen-time-media-rules-

children-aap/index.html, “the AAP identifies screen time as time spent using digital

media for entertainment purposes. Other uses of media, such as online homework, don't

count as screen time.”

“Realistic Screen Time Solutions for Kids (and Their Parents).” NBCNews.com,

NBCUniversal News Group, www.nbcnews.com/better/health/realistic-screen-time-

solutions-kids-their-parents-ncna850056.

This article is by Vivian Manning-Schaffel from NBC News talks about the realistic solutions to

children’s amount of screen time. According to,

https://www.nbcnews.com/better/health/realistic-screen-time-solutions-kids-their-parents-

ncna850056, “A primary challenge in policing screen time is hypocrisy: it’s hard to set limits if

parents don't have any themselves.” She immediately starts off the article by providing many
different statistics having to do with kids and the increasing amount of screen time. These

different statistic numbers came from their parents. She later goes on to explain why parents

limiting their kids screen time is such a big issue; hypocrisy. Lastly, she goes into details on four

required steps to limiting your child’s screen time effectively. I know this information is credible

because it is from CNN News. The author pulls her information from doctors and other

authorized people. I will use the information from this article to give me specific data and helpful

ways to deal with interrupting kids screen time.

"Why I don't limit screen-time for my kids." Washingtonpost.com, 18 May 2015. Opposing

Viewpoints in Context,

http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A414117204/OVIC?u=dayt30401&sid=OVIC&xid=

1aa661d6. Accessed 9 Nov. 2018.

This article by Nanea Hoffman from Washington Post shows the opposing viewpoint on

limiting their kids screen time. According to,

http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=OVIC&u=dayt30401&id=GALE%7CA414117204&v

=2.1&it=r&sid=OVIC&asid=1aa661d6, “For my children, technology is not mysterious.

It doesn't freak them out. It doesn't control or oppress them.” It's a tool. It begins by going

into detail on why they don’t have a set limit on the amount of screentime; yet still not

allowing them to vegetate. With giving all of the reasons why they allow it, she provides

of examples of when technology actually brought their family together more. I know this

source is credible because it is written by the Washington Post This article will be used

in my paper as an opposing view as to why kids time on their devices should not be

limited by their guardians.