Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
FREE VERSION
Security Camera Quick Guide
By Claudemir Martins
This guide is for beginners or experienced CCTV professionals who need a quick
reference on analog technology. Here you will find valuable information explained
in a simple and objective way. For more information visit: https://learncctv.com
✓ 195 pages with the best content that will allow you to learn very fast…
✓ With stunning CCTV diagrams for easy understanding (with real pictures)
✓ Concepts so easy to understand even for beginners with zero experience
✓ Explanation with simple language (without weird technical jargons)
✓ FREE updates (get a new guide every time there is an update available)
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 3
About the Security Camera Quick Guide
This guide was elaborated with great dedication for teaching you in a simple way
the fundamental and principles of security cameras.
For those who want to learn more, I created the Ultimate Security Camera Guide
collection with much more details about security cameras.
The Ultimate Security Camera Guide collection have been divided into
different volumes that teach security camera technology and allow the reader to
advance step-by-step.
Future volumes of this series will be available with the same quality and affordable
prices for professionals who wish to invest in their own careers.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 4
Dedication
I am very grateful for the support I receive from both and will continue to devote
myself to students who also believe in progression through knowledge.
I am very proud of every professional who learns with everything I let available on
my website. I am sure they are on their way to success.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 5
Contents
Closed Circuit Television 7
Analog CCTV fundamentals 8
Infrastructure for CCTV 9
Coaxial cables 10
Bipolar coaxial cables 11
Power supply 12
Types of cameras 14
Analog resolution 16
Digital resolution 18
Digital Video Recorder (DVR) 20
Analog camera technologies 22
Example of CCTV project 24
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 6
Closed Circuit Television
UTP
cable
coaxial
cable Monitoring station
box dome
DVR
PTZ bullet
Analog cameras
Analog Monitor
In the first block, it is possible to see analog cameras of different types such as
box, dome, PTZ, and bullet. They are connected to the DVR using coaxial cables
The analog signals are converted to digital video and recorded on the DVR. The
digital video is also displayed on a computer’s monitor (monitoring station).
A UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) cable also know as “network cable” or “cat5
cable” is used to connect the DVR and the monitoring station
Traditional analog CCTV cameras have their resolution measured in TVL (TV
lines) which are converted by the DVR into digital information (known as pixel).
TVL Pixel
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 8
Infrastructure for CCTV
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 10
Bipolar coaxial cables
Bipolar coaxial cables can transmit images and power at the same time. They are
widely used in small CCTV systems installations.
Central conductor
Dielectric
Braid Power
Outer jacket
Component Role
Central conductor Used to transport the video signal from the camera to
the monitor, or digital video recorder (DVR).
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 11
Power supply
VOLTAGE ( V )
CURRENT ( A )
127/220 VAC
12 VDC --- 10A
Positive
Negative
Grounding
Hot
Neutral
The connection is extremely simple because the power has labels on each of
the connectors, the power supply must connected to an electrical outlet using
the hot and neutral connectors, and the positive and negative connectors are
connected to the cameras. There is also a connector for grounding.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 13
Type of cameras
Micro camera
Box, Dome, Bullet and PTZ
Type of cameras
There are different types of cameras on the market for all kinds of projects, from
the most basic, where the customer wants to monitor their residence or small
office, to more advanced projects with thousands of cameras.
Fixed cameras
Fixed cameras are installed in a location for specific areas monitoring, they are
installed and have the lenses adjusted for a specific viewing angle
Mobile cameras are a combination of the optical part that are inside protective
boxes that move by motorized mechanical systems.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 15
Analog resolution
The resolution of a camera defines how much detail we can see in the image.
The higher the resolution, the better the level of detail we will have and more
information will be available for analysis.
In traditional analog systems we measure the resolution through the amount of
available lines that are displayed on a monitor.
Analog monitor
TV lines (TVL)
CAMERA
By connecting a 600 TVL lines CCTV camera directly to a monitor via a coaxial
cable, these lines will be displayed on the monitor as long as it also has at least
600 TVL lines resolution.
CAMERA
+ =
600 TVL
Coaxial cable
600 TVL
TVL (stands for TV Lines) is the number of the lines displayed on an analog
monitor
The system must be compatible to display the lines properly, if you connect a
CCTV camera with 600 TVL to a monitor that has for only 400TVL, the quality will
not be satisfactory.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 17
Digital resolution
Pixel
Pixel
Digital resolution is measured in pixels, which are the small elements in a image.
In the picture below, you will see a 2MP megapixel camera connected to a monitor
which shows 1920 pixels horizontally and 1080 pixels vertically.
1920
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 19
Digital Video Recorder (DVR)
In the image below you can see the back of a DVR with 8 inputs for audio and video
ON/OFF.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Audio output HDMI Network Power conn
and USB
Audio input Video input VGA Alarm I/O
1. In the audio inputs you can connect preamplified microphones to record the
sound of the environment and associate it with the corresponding video channel.
7. The alarm input allows the connection of sensors and the alarm output allows
connection with signaling and control devices.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 21
Analog camera technologies
When purchasing an analog camera it is important to keep in mind that there are
different technology used to transmit the signals to a DVR, encoder or monitor.
It is possible to find cameras and recorders with hybrid technology, which accept
both CVBS and other types of signals, most manufacturers, such as those
mentioned above, have these types of products.
Attention: In the market you can find different vendors talking about the
advantages and disadvantages of these systems, be careful to listen to this
information, learn and draw your own conclusions.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 23
Small CCTV design example
C2 C3
C1 C4
Here we will see an example of simple CCTV design for a small office.
The image below shows the example of the office that he wants to monitor.
For this example the installer will install 4 analog cameras and 1 recorder (DVR),
he will also need to buy cables, connectors, power supply and any other
necessary materials to be used in the installation.
Let’s assume that the installer already has the necessary tools for installation
such as hammers, screw drivers, pliers, etc.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 25
Small CCTV design example
In this step you should talk to the client to verify what he/she wants and what
his/her expectations and budget available for the project is.
Be aware that the client does not have the same knowledge as a CCTV installer,
sometimes he/she asks for things that are not possible or that does not make
sense, or is too expensive. Just listen to him/her and let him/her know what the
options are.
Do not be alarmed by certain situations, if the client asks you to design a system
to record video for an entire year, explain to him/her that this is possible, however
most of CCTV projects are designed to record up to 30 days.
A questionnaire may vary according to the type of customer, see a template below
that should work in most cases:
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 26
Small CCTV design example
This sketch helps to have a general idea about what will be necessary for design
and installation, from here you already know that you need things like:
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 27
Small CCTV design example
The four black dots represent the cameras, just make a sketch to indicate where
the cameras will be installed and add some notes, later you can use a software
to design everything in a computer.
With this draft is possible to know that the camera behind the desk (SEC) will
point to the entrance, the cameras located in the cubicles (C1 and C2) will point
to their respective entrances and the camera in the waiting room will monitor the
environment.
It is then necessary to decide where the recorder (DVR) will be installed and to
have a measurements of the site to estimate the amount of cables needed, this
is done with a site survey and analysis of where the cables will run.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 28
Small CCTV design example
After creating the drafts, and writing down the details, you will have enough
information to generate a list of material for the project
Below is an example of a list for this fictitious project
The list have different cameras because one of them will point to the entrance
where a backlight compensation is needed, so the camera must have WDR.
Extra materials such as RG59 BNC, nylon cable clamps, silicone, etc, should be
part of an installer's tool kit.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 29
Small CCTV design example
With a list in hand, visit a store that sells CCTV cameras and ask for a quotation,
this also can be done over the Internet.
It is important to have more than one quotation at first to have an idea of what
products are available in the market and what are the prices of different suppliers.
For your first quotation you may notice a big difference in prices, but this is
perfectly normal, because the technology and quality of each product varies
according to several factors such as: brand, equipment features, warranty,
manufacturer technical support, training team availability, etc.
Beware of products that don’t have an installation manual or a person you can
contact for technical support. Below is a list of manufacturers (analog cameras).
There are also lot of different Chinese manufacturers out there, just keep in mind
that some of them will not have any local support or warranty, so take everything in
consideration before decide to use cheap equipment, quality has its price.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 30
Small CCTV design example
Step 6: Installation
After the customer proposal approval, buy the equipment and begin the
installation, for this quick example let’s consider the use of a 1A (ampere) power
supply with 1TB hard drive.
Install the cameras by attaching them to the wall with the appropriate screws.
Attach the camera mount Install the camera Close the camera
Insert the BNC into the coaxial cable Use the crimp tool
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 31
Small CCTV design example
Connect the cables to the camera Connect the cables to the DVR
Open the DVR main menu Adjust the date and timezone
In this example, the menu shows the screens of a 4 channel Hikvision DVR, but
the configuration method is similar for other brands. It is essential to first set the
correct date and time, and at least adjust the resolution and recording mode.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 32
Small CCTV design example
camera
Router
Internet
Recorder (DVR)
C2 C3
C1 C4
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 33
Final consideration
I hope you have taken advantage of the information contained in this guide, they
are the basis for a bright future in a CCTV career.
In this market there is a lot to learn and it is necessary to always update your
skills, that’s the reason why there are new versions of the courses and videos on
the website learncctv.com
If you want to acquire more knowledge that will make a significant difference in
your professional career, consider acquiring the entire CCTV collection.
Click here for more details about the Ultimate Camera Security Guide Collection 34