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Version 2.8
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
UMTS/HSPA
LTE
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TD-SCDMA
WiMAX/BWA
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© Forsk 2010 1/175
Atoll Getting Started - LTE
Table of Contents
1 Introduction
Introduction...........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................... 4
2 Installation
Installation..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................
..............................................................................................................................55
3 Sequence of operations
operations.....................................................................................................
..................................................................................................... 8
3.1 New project..............................................................................................................9
3.2 Import of 3D maps................................................................................................ 11
3.2.1 Import of heights map.................................................................................. 12
3.2.2 Import of clutter map.................................................................................... 13
3.2.3 Import of vector map.................................................................................... 17
3.3 Setting a coordinate system............................................................................... 22
3.4 Network data setting............................................................................................ 26
3.4.1 Import of the Sites table.............................................................................. 27
3.4.2 Antenna parameters setting........................................................................32
3.4.3 Transmitters parameters setting................................................................ 37
3.4.3.1 Transmitters table......................................................................... 37
3.4.4 Cells parameters setting..............................................................................43
3.4.5 Import and export of Access database......................................................51
3.4.5.1 Import Access database.............................................................. 51
3.4.5.2 Export to Access database......................................................... 53
3.4.6 Add new sites................................................................................................55
3.4.6.1 Add new sites one by one........................................................... 55
3.4.6.2 Add a group of sites..................................................................... 56
3.4.6.3 Template management................................................................ 57
3.4.7 MIMO Setting................................................................................................ 60
3.4.8 ICIC Setting................................................................................................... 64
3.5 Propagation model............................................................................................... 65
3.5.1 SPM propagation model..............................................................................65
3.5.1.1 Import of CW measurements......................................................65
3.5.1.2 Automatic calibration of the SPM model................................... 76
3.5.1.3 Model validation with CW measurements.................................80
3.5.1.4 Set the propagation model for each transmitter.......................86
3.5.2 Cost-Hata model...........................................................................................87
3.5.2.1 Import of CW measurements......................................................87
3.5.2.2 Automatic calibration of the Cost-Hata model..........................87
3.5.2.3 Set the propagation model for each transmitter.......................90
3.6 Propagation matrix calculation........................................................................... 92
3.6.1 Preliminary work........................................................................................... 92
3.6.1.1 Resolution of predictions and receiver altitude........................ 92
3.6.1.2 Setting the Computation Zone....................................................93
3.6.2 Propagation and prediction studies calculation..................................... 100
3.6.2.1 Best server prediction................................................................ 101
1 Introduction
This document explains the entire process from the import of network data in Atoll to the
production of prediction studies. The purpose of this document is to give an overall
understanding for radio engineers, who never use Atoll.
This document does not explain the algorithm and don’t give detailed explanation. The
user may find in the “Technical Reference Guide” and “User Manual” the concrete
algorithm and the detailed explanation of parameters.
The user may find all projects and map data in the CD, which was provided with this
document.
This document describes how to get started using the Atoll version 2.8.2.
2 Installation
2) Before starting the installation of Atoll, the dongle has to be plugged in.
4) In the appeared dialog box, click on the “next” button and choose the installation
directory (the default path is C:\Program File\Forsk\Atoll). The minimum requirement
for the installation of Atoll is a disk space of 96.3MB.
5) In the 3rd window the user may choose “Full installation”, “Compact installation” or
“Custom installation” and select the modules. The recommendation for a first
installation of Atoll is “Full installation”. Later update of Atoll doesn’t need to install
again the dongle driver for fixed license. If the user once uninstalled an old version
before the installation of a new one, the dongle driver has to be installed again.
6) In the 4th window, fill in the “Domain”, “Username” and “Password” fields. If the user
don’t choose previously “Atoll calculation server”, then he doesn’t need to fill in any
information.
7) Click on the “Next” button to start the installation of Atoll. After the installation, the
computer needs to be restarted if Dongle Driver for fixed license has been chosen.
3 Sequence of operations
This following document presents how to establish an Atoll LTE project and to carry out
coverage predictions, simulations and production of reports:
(1) Open a existing project or build a new project
(2) Import network data
(3) “Best Server” and “Signal Level” coverage predictions
(4) Neighbour allocation
(5) Frequency planning (only for different frequency network)
(6) Physical Cell ID planning
(7) Traffic Modeling and production of traffic map
(8) Monte-Carlo simulation
(9) Signal quality and throughput coverage prediction studies
(10) Analyze of frequency planning
(11) Production of reports
Traffic map
Monte-Carlo
Cell traffic load User-defined values
Simulation
User list
Signal quality,
Frequency analyze Prediction reports
throughput plot
The project templates dialog box will appear. Choose LTE template.
Atoll opens a blank LTE project. The new project already includes the default antenna
database and propagation module set.
Map window
Explorer window
Event viewer
The Atoll main window contains an Explorer Window, a Map Window and an Event viewer,
as seen in the figure above.
In the appeared “Open” dialog box browse the geographical map folder.
Generally the following data maps need to be imported in Atoll: heights (map of the
altitude above sea level), clutter classes (type of land used) and vectors (vector maps).
The import order is optional. For this document, the order is heights->clutter->vectors.
1) In the “Open” dialog box, select the “\Atoll 282 LTE demo projects and materials\Geo\
\Digital Terrain Model” folder in the CDROM. Select the “Brussels_DTM.bil” file and
click on “Open”
2) In the appeared “Data type” menu, select “Altitudes (DTM)” and click “Import”.
3) After the map import, the following figure appears. The “heights” map is automatically
put on the left side in the explorer window under the “Geo” tab named “Digital Terrain
Model”
1) Select again “File->Import” in the main toolbar. In the “Open” dialog box, select the
“\Atoll 282 LTE demo projects and materials\Geo\Clutter Classes” folder in the
CDROM. Select the “Brussels_Clutter_classes.bil” file and click on “Open”
2) In the appeared “Data type” menu, select “Clutter Classes” and click on “Ok”
3) After the map is imported, the following figure appears. The clutter classes map is
automatically put on the left side in the explorer window under the “Geo” tab named
“Clutter Classes”
4) Double clicking on the “Clutter Classes” folder, opens the “Clutter Classes properties”
dialog box for the setting of clutter parameters. Select the “Description” tab and click
on the bottom right “Refresh” button. Atoll will filter the clutter classes, which are not
included in the clutter map. The following figure shows the filtered tab of clutter
classes.
The following parameters can be defined in the dialog box: Model Standard Deviation,
5) These values have to be set according to the customer network, otherwise Atoll will
use default values for example 7dB for clutter standard deviation.
User may copy/paste setting table into Clutter Classes Properties dialog box from
LTE_Brussels_Network.xls in “\Atoll 282 LTE demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Network_Data” folder of the CDROM, as below:
6) In the “Display” tab, adjust the display color of each clutter type. Pay attention to the
“Display type” and the “Field”. The following figure is the suggested setting of
“Display” tab. Click on the color frame to change the color for each clutter type.
Select “Add to legend” to display information in the legend window. Use the
“Transparency” function to adjust the transparency of the map. The display of each clutter
7) After settings the “Clutter Classes properties”, the clutter map will be displayed as
below
1) Select again “File->Import” in the main toolbar. In the “Open” dialog box, select the
“\Atoll 282 LTE Demo projects and materials\Geo\Vectors” folder. Select all the files
and click on “Open”.
2) In the appeared “Vector import” dialog box, select “New folder in ‘Geo’…” in the
drop-down menu of Import to, input folder name such as Vectors and click OK, then
click Import.
3) After the map import, the following figure appears. The vector map is automatically
put on the left side in the explorer window under the “Geo” tab named “Vectors”.
4) Dragging the “Vectors” folder with the mouse to the top of the explorer window, the
“vector” map will be placed as the uppermost layer, as seen in the following figure.
5) Double clicking on “Airport” in the “Vectors” folder, open the “airport properties” dialog
box, and select the “Display” tab, as seen in the following figure.
6) Clicking on the vector line to open the “Display” dialog box to set the color and style
of the vector line.
7) As shown in the following figure, the color of the vector line is changed.
8) You may modify other vector files with the same operations as for the “airport” vector
file.
In the appeared “Options” dialog box, the “Projection” and “Display” can be defined in the
“Coordinate systems” frame.
1) First set the projection system (it can be known by reading the file “projection.txt” in
the “heights” folder). For the demo project the projection system is “WGS 84 UTM
zone 31N”.
Click on the right side of the “Projection” field, open “Coordinate systems”
dialog box and choose WGS84 UTM zones in the “Find in” drop-down menu.
The “Display system” function allows the user to choose the relative coordinates (X and Y,
unit in meter) or the longitude and latitude for the Map Window.
After having set the “Projection” system, Atoll automatically sets the “Display” system with
the same system as the “Projection” system, as shown in the figure above. The windows
map uses relative coordinate.
Here shows how to set for displaying the longitude and latitude.
Click on the right side of the “Display” field on the button and open the “Coordinate
Systems” dialog box. Select “WGS84 UTM zones” and choose the “WGS 84” system (with
an ellipsoidal symbol).
6) After having set the “Coordinate” system, the Map Window displays the longitude and
latitude (“d” is degree, “m” is minute and “s” is second), as shown in the following
figure.
7) The user can choose the “Degree Format” among the “xx°xx'xx.xx”, “xxdxxmxx.xxsS”
format (minute and second), the “xx.xxxxx” format (decimal base) or the “-xx.xxxxx”
format (decimal base and southern hemisphere expressed with the minus sign), as
shown in the following figure.
Note: If the user wants to use another projection system and wants to display the
longitude and latitude coordinates, then the display system has to be chosen
according to the projection system name. Moreover there is an ellipsoid symbol in
front of the display system.
All data have to be prepared in Excel, before importing them. Atoll needs an Excel
document with network data including sites, antennas, transmitters and cells.
All necessary data for the setup of the Brussels project are in the
“LTE_Brussels_Network.xls” document in the “\Atoll 282 LTE demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Network_Data” folder.
The import of the network data must be done by a certain order. In Atoll, the order follows
the explorer window order. The following figure shows the order for the introduction of the
network data: Sites->Antenna->Transmitters->Cells.
2) Copy the columns “Site”, “Longitude” and “Latitude” (except the title line).
3) Under Data tab of the “Explorer/Data” window, double clicking on the “Sites” folder
(or right clicking on the “Sites” folder and select “Open Table”) will open the “Sites”
table, as shown in the following figure.
4) In the “Sites” table, select the first cell and paste the data. Apart from the columns
“Site”, “Longitude” and “Latitude”, the others are automatically filled in with default
value. The Altitude will be automatically read from the height map according to the
location of the sites. Atoll will transform automatically the longitude and latitude form
decimal format to minutes and seconds format. The imported sites will be put in the
“Sites” folder of the “Explorer/Data” window with an alphabetic order, as shown in the
following figure.
5) If the user wants to delete one or several sites, he can delete them in the “Sites” table
or directly in the “Explorer/Data” window.
� In the “Sites” table, click on the left grey cell of one/several line(s), which contains the
site you want to delete, to select the entire line, and press the keyboard “delete”
button.
� In the “Explorer/Data” window, right click on the site which you want to delete and
select “delete” in the menu, as shown in the following figure.
6) After the input of “Sites” data, the Map Window is automatically updated with the new
sites. In the following figure, a black circle represents a site.
7) Open the “Sites” properties dialog box (right click on the “Sites” folder and select
“properties”) to change the display attributes, as shown in the following figure.
Choosing “Unique” allows only a unique color for the display of sites. Choosing “Discrete
values” or “Value intervals” allows colors displayed discretely or graded with certain
interval value. By default, a site is represented by a black circle.
If necessary, the symbol and color of sites can be changed, by selecting “Properties” in
the “Actions” dialog box. The appeared “Display” window allows the selection of color and
symbol.
Atoll needs the following antenna’s data: antenna name, antenna gain, antenna horizontal
and vertical patterns. Beamwidth, Fmin and Fmax are reference parameters and not used
for calculation. Atoll calculates and displays the electrical down tilt from the vertical pattern.
The calculated electrical down tilt is only given for information.
1) Select the “Antennas” sheet in the “LTE_Brussels_Network.xls” document. As seen
in the following figure, the horizontal and vertical patterns are provided.
2) In Atoll, right click on the “Antennas” folder in the Explorer Window and select “New”
in the context menu, as shown in the following figure.
3) In the “Antennas New element properties” dialog box, the following tabs are available:
“General”, “Horizontal pattern”, “Vertical pattern” and “Other properties”.
4) In the “General” tab, the antenna gain and the electrical tilt can be defined.
Note: The electrical tilt value is only reference information for the user and this
value has no impact on the calculation. Antenna gain unit may be dBi or dBd. The
unit can be selected in the “Tools
Tools——Options
Options——Units
Units”” dialog box.
Note: Atoll allows you to enter antenna pattern attenuations for as many as 720
angles. Therefore, attenuation values can also be defined for angles other than
359°°. For example
integer values from 0° to 359 example:: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 … 359, 359.5
359.5..
7) Other parameters can be set in the “Other properties” tab only for reference and have
no impact on the calculation.
3) After opening the “Transmitters” table in Atoll, you will discover that the number of
fields is larger than in the Excel file. It is because some of the parameters in Atoll
don't need the input from the user and Atoll will automatically fill with default values.
The fields listed in the Excel document are those necessary parameters for the
transmitters.
Before copy/paste the Excel table in Atoll, the unnecessary columns have to be hidden. If
the user try to paste the data which don’t match with the “Transmitters” tab, an error
message will be displayed.
The following figure shows how to open “Columns to be displayed” tab, it also can be
accessed under “Format->Display columns”.
4) Copy the transmitter’s data of the “Transmitters” sheet of the Excel document (except
the title line) and paste it in the “Transmitters” table in Atoll, as shown in the following
figure. Note the corresponding columns’ order. Column order could be changed by
dragging the title.
5) After the import of data in the “Transmitters” table, the Map Window will be
automatically updated, without refresh or saving the document. The black arrowhead
represents the transmitter.
6) The toolbar’s button may zoom in or zoom out the Map Window (left click will
zoom in and right click will zoom out).
The toolbar’s button , allows the user to choose one region to be zoomed in.
7) Pushing the toolbar’s button assigns automatically different colors for each
General tab:
Name: Transmitter name.
Site: select the donor site for the transmitter. Click on to check the property of
selected site.
Antenna Position: set antenna’s position. Relative to Site is offset value from Site
position. Coordinates is direct the Long/Lat of the antenna.
Transmitter tab:
Active: To activate a transmitter or not. Atoll automatically present red for active
transmitter under Transmitters folder and white for inactive transmitter. Only active
transmitters will be taken into account.
Transmitter Type: Intra-network (Server and Interferer) specify transmitter as Server
and Interferer. Inter-network (Interferer Only) specify transmitter as interferer from
external network. This feature allows user to simulate different existing network
on as below:
In Equipment Specification dialog box, the gain and loss of selected equipment will be
use to initialize the total loss of the transmitter.
TMA: TMA equipment. Click on to define the noise figure, reception gain
and transmission loss with positive value.
Antenna:
Height/Ground: Antenna height above altitude. For antenna on building, this
value should include the height of the building.
Main Antenna: the selected antenna type. Click on to define the antenna’s
property.
Number of Antenna Ports: to set number of antenna ports for MIMO.
Secondary Antenna: Atoll allows user to define a secondary antenna to share the
transmitter power (% Power). For example, you may define
40% transmitter power for secondary antenna then remain
60% for the main antenna.)
In the appeared Bands dialog box, Atoll allows user to define parameters as shown in the
following figure:
Click on Advanced button to select the methods for DL Reference Signal EPRE, Serving
Cell Layer Selection and the Margin for UL power Adjustment.
4) To open the “Cells table”, right click on “Transmitters” in the “Explorer/Data” and
select “Cells->Open Table”, as seen in the following figure.
5) Adjust the “Cells table” fields’ order according to the Excel fields, copy the data of the
“Cells” sheet and paste it the “Cells table” of Atoll, as shown in the following figure.
6) The “Name” field in the “Cells” table may be set according to the user preference. In
Atoll, the default name is set as: “Transmitter_name (0 ) ”, where “0” is the carrier
number.
Physical Cell ID: Physical Cell ID from 3GPP specification, it must be an integer
between 0~503.
PSS ID: Primary synchronous serial, it must be 0, 1, or 2.
SSS ID: Secondary synchronous serial, it must be an integer between 0~167.
Physical Cell ID Status: Statue tag of PCI, used in PCI automatic allocation.
Not Allocated: the PCI is neither manually nor automatically allocated. Atoll
considers “Not Allocated” PCI is changeable in PCI automatic
allocation.
Allocated: the PCI is manually or automatically allocated. Atoll considers
“Allocated” PCI is changeable in PCI automatically allocation, but it
won’t be changed unless necessary.
Locked: the PCI is manually or automatically allocated. Atoll considers “Locked”
PCI is unchangeable in PCI automatic allocation.
Min Reuse Distance: the min distance to reuse the channel and PCI of the cell, used in
AFP and PCI automatic allocation.
Max Power: Max transmission power for single antenna of cell.
RS EPRE: EPRE of reference signal.
SS EPRE Offset/RS: energy offset between a synchronous signal RE and a reference
signal RE, used for calculating transmission power of
Primary/Secondary synchronous channel.
PBCH EPRE Offset/RS: energy offset between a PBCH RE and a reference signal RE,
used for calculating transmission power of PBCH.
PDCCH EPRE Offset/RS: energy offset between a PDCCH RE and a reference signal
RE, used for calculating transmission power of PDCCH.
PDSCH EPRE Offset/RS: energy offset between a PDSCH RE and a reference signal
RE, used for calculating transmission power of PDSCH.
Instantaneous Reference Signal Power: calculated by using max power, or RS EPRE
and EPRE offset.
Instantaneous SS Power: calculated by using max power, or RS EPRE and EPRE
offset.
Instantaneous PBCH Power: calculated by using max power, or RS EPRE and EPRE
offset.
Average PDCCH Power: calculated by using max power, or RS EPRE and EPRE
offset.
Average PDSCH Power: calculated by using max power, or RS EPRE and EPRE
offset.
Min RSRP: minimum RSRP threshold for a user to access the cell.
LTE Equipment: LTE equipment used by cell, the options may be defined in LTE
equipment table.
Scheduler: the scheduler arithmetic for carrier selection and resource allocation, the
options may be defined in Scheduler table.
Max Number of Users: max number of users which can access the cell, used in
simulation.
No. of Users (DL): number of user accessed on DL, it may be submitted form
Traffic Load (UL): DL traffic load proportion, submitted from simulation or user defined.
Max Traffic Load (UL): used in Monte Carlo simulation.
UL Noise Rise: overall UL noise rise including UL noise rise from inter-technology,
submitted from simulation result or user defined.
ICIC Noise Rise: UL noise rise in factional LTE frame bandwidth using segment
channel, only when ICIC is supported. This parameter may be
submitted from simulation result or user defined.
Max UL Noise Rise (not implemented): the limitation of UL Noise Rise and ICIC Noise
Rise used in Monte Carlo simulation. This
parameter presents the max interference
tolerance of cell on UL.
Inter-technology UL Noise Rise: presents the interference of base station and terminal
from external network, used for calculating
interference on UL in simulation, but not in
predictions, because Atoll calculates UL total noise
using UL interference noise including
Inter-technology UL Noise Rise.
Inter-technology DL Noise Rise: presents the impact on accessed terminal from
terminal of external network on DL, used for
calculating interference on DL in simulation.
Max Number of Intra-technology Neighbours: max number of intra-technology
neighbours.
Max Number of Inter-technology Neighbours: max number of inter-technology
neighbours.
Neighbours: click on the browsing button to open Neighbours dialog box to define the
relation between Max Number of Intra-technology Neighbours and Max
Number of Inter-technology Neighbours.
The standalone Atoll does not need to connect any external database, but it can be
convenient to import/export network data from/to a database.
3) In the browsing window select the “Brussels_LTE.mdb” document from the CDROM.
4) After clicking on “Open”, Atoll automatically import all network data from the database
to the Atoll project.
5) Using “Centre in the Map Window” to let the sites appear in the center of the window.
Note: The database does not include the map data, therefore the map data has to be
imported separately. Atoll allows the user to add custom field in database.
The steps for importing the network data into Atoll have been introduced above. Atoll also
provides another method to add new sites directly in the Map Window.
Clicking on the Atoll toolbar button , turn the mouse into a honeycomb shape, as
shown in the following figure.
In the Map Window, a new site (including 3 transmitters) can be added directly with a click
on the appropriate position. Simultaneously, Atoll adds the corresponding information into
the data sheets.
Press the “Ctrl” key to continuously lay sites in the Map Window. When the laying of sites
is finished, press the “Esc” key to withdraw from the current status.
Click on the Atoll toolbar button , then a polygonal symbol will be added behind the
cursor.
Then draw a polygon in the Map Window to add a new group of sites inside the selected
region. Sites will be automatically laid inside the region with a certain inter-site distance,
as seen in the following figure.
Similarly, Atoll will add the corresponding information to the new sites into the data sheets.
If the user wants to delete a group of sites, it can be done in the “Site” table as explain
above or more quickly through the following operations:
Right click on a group of the “Hexagonal Design” folder and select “Delete”, then the entire
group of sites will be deleted.
Choosing “Manage Templates” in bottom will open the “Station Template Properties”
dialog box.
The user can edit the template’s parameters by clicking on “Properties” button. The user
may also add a new template or delete an existing one.
In the appeared dialog box, the template’s properties (for example, the number of sectors,
the antenna model, the azimuth, the tilt, the height and so on) can be edited.
Double click on Default Cell Equipment and Default UE Equipment to open the properties
dialog box.
In the appeared dialog select MIMO tab to set the number of reception/transmission
antennas, the corresponding MIMO gain (Diversity Gain for STTD, Max MIMO Gain for
SU-MIMO), and Mobility etc, as seen in below figure.
2) Right click on Transmitter folder in “Explorer/Data” and select Open Table to set the
number of reception/transmission antennas for MIMO transmitter as seen in below
figure.
4) Right click on Transmitter folder in “Explorer/Data” and select Equipment -> Cells to
set UL/DL diversity support types for cell using MIMO, the diversity support type may
be Transmit Diversity, SU-MIMO or AMS for DL and Receive Diversity, SU-MIMO,
AMS or MU-MIMO for UL. If AMS or MU-MIMO (for UL) is selected, the AMS &
MU-MIMO Threshold should be set. MU-MIMO Capacity Gain presents UL capacity
rise due to MU-MIMO.
5) Define MIMO gain based on clutter classes in Clutter Classes map properties.
SPM (Standard Propagation Model) is a model originating from Planet and using K
parameters. The SPM model has also a relation with the Hata model. The SPM model
may be calibrated with CW measurements.
(2) In Atoll, right click on the “CW measurements” folder in the “Explorer\Data”
window, and select “New” in the context menu, as shown in the following
figure.
(3) In “New CW measurement path” dialog box, fill in the file name, the
corresponding transmitter, the receiver height. Then paste the Excel table data
into the table, as shown in the following figure.
Note: Set the coordinate system with “WGS84 WGS84”” corresponding to the projection
system use in the Excel tab.
After clicking on “OK”, the test data are immediately displayed on the Map Window. Each
point represents a measurement sampling.
2) Import method
(1) Atoll supports the formats .dat, .txt, .csv and .hd (PlaNET)
(2) Please find 3 .txt documents inside the “Atoll 282 LTE demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Measurement_Surveys” folder of the CDROM
(3) In Atoll, right click on “CW measurements” in the “Explorer\Data” window and
select “Import” as shown in the following figure
(4) In the appeared “Open” dialog box, browse for the document to be imported.
Atoll supports the multi selection of files. Several measurements
corresponding to the same transmitter can be imported at the same time, but if
the measurements belong to different transmitters, then each measurement
has to be imported separately.
Provided test data corresponding to different transmitters, the measurements have to be
imported one by one.
(5) The appeared dialog box contains two tabs, “General” and “Setup”. In the
“General” tab, define the corresponding reference transmitter, the frequency
and receiver height, as shown in the following figure.
(6) In the “Setup” tab, fill in the “1st Measurement Row” field with 2 (because the
drive test document has a title line and the data start at the second line). Then
click on the “Setup” button.
(7) After clicking on the “Setup” button, the “CW Measurement Setup” dialog box
appears, as shown in the following figure. Define “X-Coordinates” and
“Y-Coordinates” fields with respectively the longitude and latitude.
(8) Click on the “Import” button in the import main window and then the
measurement data will be imported into the project. After the import, the
measurement data will be automatically put in the “CW measurements” folder
of the Explorer Window. Use “Centre in the Map Window” function to display
the imported measurements in the center of the map.
Select Filtering Zone to draw a filtering zone on the map to filter CW points
outside the zone; Select Filtering Assistance… to filter CW points basin go
custom rules, like distance, angle and clutter etc, as seen in below figure:
The SPM automatic calibration wizard may help the user to find the best K parameters,
the “Effective antenna height” method, the “Diffraction” method and the clutter losses.
(1) Duplicate the existing standard propagation model and make the calibration
for the duplicated model. This method has the advantage to preserve the
existing model and to allow a calibration of the SPM for each kind of
environments.
(2) Right click on the duplicated SPM model and select “Automatic Calibration”.
Select the CW measurement(s) and click on the “Next” button.
(3) In the appeared dialog box, select the K parameters that will be used for the
calibration. It is recommended not to select the K6 and K7 parameter.
Double click on a K parameter or select a K parameter and click on “Define Range”, will
open the “Define Domain” dialog box, where the range of the K parameter can be defined,
as shown in the following figure. But generally it is recommended to keep the default
values defined above.
(4) According to the selected CW measurements and the tuning parameters, Atoll
calibrates automatically the SPM propagation model.
(5) After the computation, Atoll provides in the same dialog box the results and the
statistics concerning the model, as the average error and the standard
deviation. According to the results, the user may choose to commit the K
parameters list by clicking on the “Commit” button.
(6) If the results are not satisfactory and the K parameters have been already
committed, the propagation model can be deleted by right clicking on it and
selecting “Delete” (or by pressing the “Delete” key on the keyboard).
(7) If after the calibration, the model has to be used in other projects, copy it by
with CTRL+C and paste it with CTRL+V in the “Modules” tab of another
project.
Another method is using the analysis tool to compare each measurement point to the
associated prediction.
1) Right click on the CW measurement in the “Explorer\ Data” window. Then select
“Properties” in the context menu.
2) On the appeared properties dialog box, select the calibrated propagation model and
click on “OK”.
5) So the selected propagation model will be used. Right click on the CW measurement
and select “Display Statistics”. Atoll will display the statistics report and the standard
deviation of the measurement is available.
6) Right click on the CW measurement and select “Open the Analysis Tool”.
Atoll displays automatically the “CW measurements” window, as shown in the following
figure. With the cursor clicking in the “CW measurements” window and Atoll will
simultaneously represent the drive test position in the Map Window. For the selected point
Atoll provides the measurement value (M) and the predicted value (P). On the right of the
“CW measurements” window the user can add an additional result, as the difference
between M and P.
The calibration process above is also applied for other propagation module such as
Cost-Hata.
Note: For the document with the detailed model calibration operations, please
contact Atoll support team.
If all transmitters use the same propagation model, then the quickest way is to define the
model in the “Transmitters properties” dialog box. In the “Propagation” tab, select the
propagation model and choose the radius and the resolution (Normally the resolution is
the same as the digital map).
Okuruma-Hata and Cost-Hata use both the standard Hata formula. The Okuruma-Hata is
suitable for a frequency smaller than 1500MHz and Cost-Hata is suitable for a frequency
bigger than 1500MHz.
Both Okuruma-Hata and Cost-Hata can be calibrated. The following paragraph introduces
only the calibration of the Cost-Hata model, but the calibration of the Okuruma-Hata
model is similar.
Firstly, the CW measurements must be in a sufficient number and of good quality, in order
to calibrate accurately the Cost-Hata model.
The Cost-Hata calibration tool might help the user to find the best A1, B1, Diffraction
Factor and Formula Correction for each type of clutter.
1) Right click the Cost-Hata model and select “Duplicate” will duplicate the Cost-Hata
model. So, the calibration will not affect the parameters of the existing Cost-Hata
model.
Click on Formulas…button to check the formulas, each parameter of each formula may be
user defined.
3) Right clicking on the folder “Copy of Cost-Hata” and select “Calibration” will open the
calibration wizard. Select one or several CW measurement(s) and click “Next”, as
shown in the following figure.
4) In the appeared dialogue select the parameters that Atoll need to calibrate and click
“Next”, as shown in the following figure.
5) Atoll automatically calibrates the Cost-Hata model and displays the parameters
before and after the calibration. Atoll provides also the root mean square, the
average and the standard deviation of parameters before and after the calibration.
According to the results the user can choose to commit the result by clicking on the
“Commit” button.
6) If a propagation model is not useful, it’s easy to delete it by right clicking on the
Cost-Hata model and select “Delete” or use the “Delete” key on the keyboard.
7) If the user wants to use the propagation model in another Atoll project, just copy the
existing propagation model with CTRL+C and then paste it in the new project with
CTRL+V.
Before launching the calculation of the path loss matrices, the following preliminary work
has to be done.
3.6.1.1 Resolution of predictions and receiver altitude
The user needs also to set the resolution for coverage studies. This resolution may be
equal or lower than the map’s accuracy. The higher the resolution is, the longer the
processing time is.
1) Right click on the “Predictions” folder of the “Explorer/ Data” window and select
“Properties” (or double click directly on the “Prediction” folder).
2) In the “Predictions properties” dialog box, set the “Default resolution” value to 20m
(this will be the resolution for the following prediction studies). Clicking on “Private
Directory” allows the user to select the directory of pathloss document, which will be
used to store the pathloss matrices. The user can either select the “Embedded”
option to store the pathloss matrices in the current Atoll project, or select the
“.\xxxxx.losses” option to store the pathloss matrices in the external “.losses” folder
which in the same directory of the ATL file, or use the “Browse” option to select a
folder to store the pathloss matrices externally.
3) In the “Predictions properties” dialog box”, select the “Receiver” tab and set 1.5m
for the receiver altitude (Height of handset).
If the user wants to calculate the pathloss matrices only for a specific region, a
Computation Zone can either be imported or directly drawn in the Map Window.
(2) Then draw a polygon with the mouse to delimitate the region, for which the
propagation will be calculated.
(2) In the appeared dialog box, browse for the “\ Atoll 282 LTE demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Computation_Zone” folder in the CDROM and
open the “Brussels_Computation_Zone.mif” document.
(3) After opening the document, the “Vector import” dialog box will appear, as
shown in the following figure. Press the “Import” button to import the
computation zone.
(4) After the import, the computation zone will appear in red, as seen in the
following figure.
(5) Right click on “Computation Zone” in the “Geo” tab and select “Export”. Then
export the computation zone with .MIF, .agd (Atoll map format) or .shp format.
This computation zone can be imported in other projects.
The calculations in Atoll are divided in two parts, pathloss matrices calculation and
prediction study calculations.
calculation::
Propagation calculation
Calculate the propagation loss on the link between each transmitter and each
pixel. The calculation results will be saved in the path loss matrices. The pixel
size is the transmitter calculation resolution.
Coverage study prediction
Atoll reads the data from the pathloss matrices, which was calculated
previously, and make a post processing to calculate and display the coverage
study.
If the pathloss matrices have been calculated and there is no modification on the RF
parameters (e.g. the site location, the antenna model, the azimuth and so on), Atoll does
not automatically recalculate the pathloss matrices. If some of the RF parameters of some
transmitters are changed, Atoll will recalculate the pathloss matrices for these
transmitters.
Right click on the folder “Predictions” in the “Explorer/ Data” tab and select “New”, as
shown in the following figure.
In the appeared “Study Types” dialog box, Atoll provides by default 13 types of predictions.
The first 5 studies are concerning LTE pilot 、 traffic power without considering the load
conditions, so these predictions can be done before the Monte Carlo simulation.
2) In the “Condition” tab, set the “Signal level” threshold (for example -120dBm) and
select “Best Signal Level” in the Server’s field. With a margin field may be set as 0
signifying there’s no overlap between best server areas.
The default value for the Cell Edge Coverage Probability is 75%. If the standard deviation
is set in the Clutter Classes properties, Atoll will use this value to calculate the Shadowing
Margin. Atoll supports Cell Edge Coverage Probability lower than 50%. Atoll considers
indoor loss in predictions which is read from the properties of Clutter Classes.
3) In the “Display” tab, define the display attributes, such as coverage transparency and
so on.
4) Click on the “OK” button to close the dialog box. Clicking on the toolbar button
(or F7 on the keyboard), Atoll starts the computation and open automatically the
“Event viewer” window, which shows the prediction calculation progress.
If the “Propagation calculation” is already calculated, Atoll will start the computation of the
coverage study.
Each prediction study is stored automatically in the “Prediction” folder of the “Explorer/
Data” window, the generated prediction are shown in the following figure.
The generated prediction study is locked automatically. So if any parameters are changed
this prediction study result will not be changed.
If the prediction study has to be recomputed, right click on this prediction study and unlock
the study before starting the computation.
4) After defining the properties, similarly as for the “Best Server prediction”, click on the
Note: Previously Atoll already calculated the pathloss matrices with the “Coverage
transmitters”” prediction. For the “Signal Level
by transmitters Level”” prediction, there is no change of
RF parameters, so this time Atoll calculates only the prediction.
5) The prediction of the coverage by signal level is represented in the following figure.
“Number of servers >=2” represents the region where the received signal level from
Click on the toolbar button to force the recalculation of all path loss matrices.
2) A “Save as” dialogue window will prompt up. Define the name and the path of the
XML file you would like to save, as shown in the below figure. By default, the storage
path is the installation folder of Atoll.
3) The prediction template will be added in the “Study type” dialog box.
4) If you want to delete this template, select it and click “delete” button.
3) Click on the toolbar icon and the select one transmitter on the Map Window.
The neighboring relations of this transmitter will be displayed graphically, as shown in
the following figure.
2) In the appeared “Automatic Neighbour Allocation” dialog box define the properties
and then start the automatic allocation by clicking on the “Run” button.
3) The automatic allocation results will be displayed in the same dialog box. According
to the results, the user may choose to commit the automatic neighbour allocation list
by clicking on the “Commit” button.
4) Click on the toolbar icon and the select one transmitter on the Map Window.
The neighboring relations of this transmitter will be displayed graphically, as shown in
the following figure.
Display the “Coverage by transmitters” prediction. New neighbour relation can be added
or removed graphically by pressing the “CTRL” key and left clicking on a “Best Server”
area.
In the appeared dialog box define the conditions and limits during the allocation.
For Interference Matrices section, user may input a Quality Margin directly, or click on
Calculate button to calculate the interference matrices between each cells, check the Take
into Account after calculating.
Click on Calculate button in the bottom of dialog box to start the frequency allocation. The
allocation result will displayed in the same dialog box, the result could be committed to
the cells table by clicking on Commit button.
Open the Cells table to check the updated Channel Number, the Channel Allocation
Status will be automatically changed to Allocated.
In the appeared dialog box define the conditions and limits during the allocation. Click on
Calculate button in the bottom of dialog box to start the PCI allocation. The allocation
result will displayed in the same dialog box, the result could be committed to the cells table
by clicking on Commit button.
3.10 Simulations
In the LTE Parameters of the “Explorer/ Data” window user may define The LTE traffic
model including: “Environments”, “User profiles”, “Terminals”, “Mobility Types” and
“Services”.
Services Type
Mobility Type
Terminals Type
User Profiles
Environments
3.10.1.1 Services
1) By default, Atoll provides 4 kinds of service types. Double clicking on the “VoIP” type
will open the “VoIP properties” dialog box.
2) In General tab set the UL/DL Activity factor and the Priority.
3.10.1.3 Terminals
1) Atoll provides 2 kinds of Terminals by default. Double click on “MIMO Terminal” and
open the “MIMO Terminal” properties dialog box.
2) Atoll allows the user to build a new terminal type by right clicking on Terminals folder
and selecting New in the context menu to input the related parameters.
2) In the “General” tab, for CS service such as Voice define the associated Terminal, the
Calls/Hours and the Duration; for PS service such as Message define the associated
Terminal, the Calls/hour and the DL/UL Volume(Kbytes)
3) Atoll allows the user to build a new user profile type by right clicking on User profile
folder and selecting New in the context menu to input the related parameters.
3.10.1.5 Environments
1) Atoll provides by default 4 kinds of Environments (classify by clutter name). Double
click on “Dense Urban” and open the “Dense Urban properties” dialog box.
2) In the “General” tab. For each kind of “User type”, fill in the corresponding “Mobility”
Atoll provides 3 different types of methods (10 methods in all) to create the traffic maps.
1, User profiles traffic map
(1) User profile environments
(2) User profile densities
2, Traffic maps per sector
(1) Throughputs in uplink and downlink
(2) Total number of users (all activity statuses)
(3) Number of users per activity status
3, Traffic maps per user density (No. Users/km2)
(1) All activity statuses
(2) Active in uplink and downlink
(3) Active in uplink
(4) Active in downlink
(5) Inactive
Right click on “Traffic” in the “Explorer/ Geo” tab and select “New map”, as seen in the
following figure.
In the appeared “New traffic Map” dialog box, the above 3 types of methods for traffic map
creation can be selected, as shown in the following figure.
In the following paragraphs, 3 methods for traffic map creation will be introduced with the
reference data from “\Reference_Data\Traffic_Data” in the CDROM.
(4) Then click on the button to draw a polygon in the desired area
corresponding to a “Suburban” environment, as shown in the following figure.
(5) With the same method draw the “Dense Urban” zone.
(6) If the drawing polygon is not good, it can be deleted with the button.
4) Import with the same method the other vector traffic maps located in the “\Atoll 282
LTE demo projects and materials\Reference_Data\Traffic_Data\Vector_Traffic” folder.
The following paragraphs will introduce the manual input of data and the import of traffic
map for the first traffic map per sector, but the procedure is the same for the “total number
of users (all activity statuses)” and “number of users per activity status” traffic maps.
(4) After clicking OK, the traffic map properties dialog box will automatically
appear. In the traffic tab, fill in the percentage of each type of Terminal, the
percentage of each type of Mobility, the percentage of Indoor users and clutter
weight per clutter class.
(5) After clicking on the “OK” button, the traffic map will be loaded on the Map
Window. Each best server zone defined by “The Coverage by Transmitter”
prediction will have a traffic distributed.
Right click on “Traffic” in the “Explorer/ Geo” tab, select “New Map”. In the appeared dialog
box select “User density traffic map” with “All activity statuses” and then click on the
“Create Map” button. The “User density traffic map properties” window will appear, as
shown in the following figure.
Then define the distributions for Terminals, Mobilities, Services and Clutter. In the
“Display” tab, the color of the traffic map can be defined.
After clicking OK, a Map per density of users 1 will be added under Traffic folder in
Geo/Explorer. Right click on it and select “Edit”, the vector editor function will be activated
and then the "New Polygon” feature can be used for drawing a new Traffic region in the
Map Window.
The drawing method is the same as Based on environments per user profiles.
The original density is 0, double click on the Traffic region and in the appeared dialog box
define the corresponding Traffic Density.
In the appeared Subscriber list properties dialog box input the name of the Subscriber list,
like Subscriber List 0 as below, then click OK.
The cursor will automatically turn into a , left click on the map to add a fixed
subscriber as shown in below figure.
When the add is finished, press ESC to quit adding status. Right click on Subscriber List0
under Subscribers folder in Data/Explorer and select Open Table to check the positions of
added points.
Right click on Subscribers folder in Explorer\ Data and select Import in the context menu,
browse “Reference_Data\Subscriber_List.txt” in the CDROM and import it.
In the appeared Import window, click on Import button in the below left.
In the appeared Subscriber List properties dialog box check the Shadowing taken into
account box and fill the Cell Edge Coverage Probability, click on Calculation button then.
In Event Viewer user may check the calculation process, the calculation is not basing on
path loss matrices. Atoll uses the location and height of each Subscriber to calculate the
path loss, receiver power and other outputs.
After the establishment of traffic map or subscribers list, the Monte Carlo simulation can
be calculated.
1) Open the “Cells” table and define the upper limits for downlink and uplink traffic loads
for cells.
Note: Using these limits, it is possible to model additional constraints in Monte
Carlo simulations, i.e., resource saturation can occur when the user-defined cell
capacity limit is achieved.
2) Right click on the “LTE Simulations” folder in the “Explorer/ Data” window and select
“New”.
3) In the appeared dialog box, set the “Number of Simulations”, “the Max DL/UL Traffic
Load”(global value or value per cell)
4) In the “Source Traffic” tab, select the traffic map or the subscribers list which will be
used for the simulation.
7) The simulation results are available in the LTE simulations folder. Double clicking on
a simulation opens the simulation properties dialog box with the simulation report.
The simulation report is composed with 5 tabs, “Statistics”, “Sites”, “Cells”,
“Mobiles”, and “Initial Conditions”.
Clicking on the toolbar icon or selecting “View->Point analysis”, opens the analysis
window. The cursor turns into a circle representing the receiver. Put the receiver on the
Map Window, as shown in the following figure.
3.11.1 Profile
In the “Profile” tab, the user may analyze the terrain profile between the transmitter and
the receiver, the received signal level, the link budget and other information.
The desired transmitter (for the profile analysis) can be selected in the “Profile” window or
directly on the map. Atoll automatically displays the terrain profile between the selected
transmitter and the receiver.
In the “Profile” tab, the point to point signal power is real-time calculated.
Right clicking on the “Profile” tab and selecting “Link budget” to open the “Link Budget”
window, with the information about the link budget between the transmitter and the
receiver.
3.11.2 Reception
In the “Reception” tab, the received signal level values for the strongest transmitters are
given with bars, link between receiver and these transmitters shows on the Map window.
The received power values are calculated according to the stored path loss matrices.
Double clicking on Reference Signals, Downlink and Uplink in the right box to check
corresponding detailed information, below figure are an example for Downlink.
3.11.3 Interference
In the “Interference” tab, user may analyze the noises around the location of the receiver..
3.11.4 Results
The “Results” tab gives the received power for all cells, as seen in the following figure.
1) In the “Study Types” dialog box, select “Coverage by C/(I+N) Level (DL)”.
2) In the appeared dialog box, select the “Condition” tab and define:
� Load Conditions: Either an existing simulation result or the cells table can be used for
the load conditions. It is recommended to select a group of simulations and to check
the “Average” box. The loads factors are “Total Power” for the DL and “UL load” for
the UL.
� Terminal.
� Service.
� Mobility.
4、 Click on the “OK” button to close the dialog box. Click “Calculate” on the toolbar
button (or F7 on the keyboard) to start the computation.
Atoll provides more than 13 kinds of prediction studies, through the display setting the
number of prediction types provided by Atoll may reach several dozen to one hundred.
Coverage by transmitter
Discrete
Coverage by Transmitter (select Best signal level in Transmitter
values
Condition tab)
Coverage by signal level
Coverage by Signal Level (full
(select Best signal level in Value intervals Signal Level(dB)
frequency band)
Condition tab)
Coverage by signal level
Coverage by Path loss (select Best signal level in Value intervals Path Loss(dB)
Condition tab)
Coverage by signal level
Coverage by Total loss (select Best signal level in Value intervals Total Losses(dB)
Condition tab)
Overlapping zones
Overlapping zones (select Best signal level in Value intervals Number of Servers
Condition tab)
Coverage by Reference RSRP Best RSRP (RS
Effective Signal Analysis (DL) Value intervals
Level(Per RE) EPRE) Level
Best Reference/
Coverage by DL PBCH Signal SS/ PDCCH/
Effective Signal Analysis (DL) Value intervals
Level PDSCH/ PBCH
Signal Level
Reference/ SS/
Coverage by DL PBCH signal
Effective Signal Analysis (DL) Value intervals PDCCH/ PDSCH/
quality
PBCH C/N Level
Pathloss differences between
best server and second Effective Signal Analysis (DL) Value intervals Delta Path Loss
server
Coverage by C/(I+N) Level
Coverage by RSRQ Value intervals RSRQ Level
(DL)
Coverage by C/(I+N) Level
Coverage by RSSI Value intervals RSSI Level
(DL)
Coverage by DL Reference/ Coverage by C/(I+N) Level Reference/ SS/
Value intervals
SS/ PDSCH/ PDCCH/ PBCH (DL) PDSCH/ PDCCH/
throughput Bandwidth
Throughput (UL)
Coverage by DL Quality Coverage by Quality Indicator
Value intervals BER/ BLER
Indicator (DL)
Coverage by UL Quality Coverage by Quality Indicator
Value intervals BER/ BLER
Indicator (UL)
3、Right-click Transmitter folder and select Properties form the context menu, in the Global
Parameters tab of appeared Properties dialog box, set the Switching Point Periodicity.
The user configuration function allows the user to save the configuration of “Geographic
Data Set”, “Computation and Focus Zones”, “Folder Configuration”, “Automatic Neighbour
Allocation Parameters” and “Prediction List” into external file. This configuration file can be
used in the same project or other similar Atoll project in order to avoid redundant settings.
1) Save the user configuration: Select “User Configuration->Export” in the “Tools” menu,
opening the following “User Configuration” dialog box. Select the information to be
exported and click on the “OK” button. The project configuration will be saved in a
“.cfg” file.
2) Import a user configuration: The configuration files are stored in the folder “\Atoll 282
LTE demo projects and materials\Reference_ data\User_configuration” from the
CDROM.
Select “Tools->User configuration->Import” in Atoll, as shown in the following figure.
In the “Open” dialog box select a “.cfg” file located in the CDROM, for example the
“User_Configuration.cfg”.
In the appeared dialog box, Atoll asks whether the existing predictions can be reset. If this
option is checked, Atoll will delete the existing predictions. If it is not checked, Atoll retains
the existing predictions.
If the project is not saved, Atoll calculates the pathloss matrices and save them in the
RAM memory. When the project is saved and the “embedded” function has been chosen
(default), the path loss matrices are stored in the ATL file. This can probably impact the
size of the ATL file (according to the calculation resolution and the size of the computation
zone) and the project will need longer time for opening and saving.
The user may choose to store the propagation matrices in an external folder, to reduce the
project document size. Moreover this folder can also be shared with other users.
Double click on the “Predictions” folder, opens the “Prediction properties” dialog box. Click
on the right side of the “Private directory” field on the button and select a directory.
The path loss matrices will be stored in the selected directory with the following name
“project name.losses”.
Note: when the project document is moved, the corresponding .losses folder has to
be moved in the same directory. Otherwise Atoll will recalculate the path loss
matrices.
How to delete all sites and their transmitters in one shot (or a set of sites and
transmitters)?
The right way to delete all sites and their transmitters is to open the Sites table, select the
first one and the last one holding the Shift button and Suppr keyboard button. It is
recommended to close the Sites and Transmitters folders before deleting a large number
of sites and transmitters; otherwise the refresh of the explorer could take a long time.
� Selecting cells in several rows and the option “Filtering by selection” in the popup
menu performs a OR filtering criterion
For example: filter cells with 33dBm as pilot power OR cells with 120°as azimuth.
To check which kind of dynamic criterion has been used by ATOLL, you can open
Transmitters/Properties/General tab and look at the advanced filter.
� Right click on a linear object and select the Element properties feature. In the
Geometry tab, copy the list of coordinates (ctrl+C).
� Right click on the Measurement folder and select the New feature. Give a name to
the path, specify measurement unit, transmitter and receiver properties and finally
click on the Paste button. Then, click on OK to validate the path creation.
� Open the path properties window. Choose a propagation model, click on Actions and
choose Calculate predictions. The signal level calculated on the path is displayed in a
related table (P(dBm) column). You may use the Measurements window to visualize
the signal level received from the selected transmitter on the path.
Atoll
Getting Started LTE
Version 2.8.2
2.8.2
May 2010
� Head Office
7, rue des Briquetiers
31700 Blagnac - France
Tel: +33 562 747 210
Fax: +33 562 747 211
� Asia Office
Suite 302, 3/F, West Tower,
Jiadu Commercial Building,
No. 66 Jianzhong Road,
Guangzhou, 510665, P. R. of China
Tel: +86 20 8553 8938
Fax: +86 20 8553 8285
� US Office
200 South Wacker Drive - Suite