3/1/2019 Professional lorem ipsum generator for typographers

Generator for randomized typographic filler text

Standard Lipsum
Other languages/charsets

generate download

HTML Plain text

10 paragraph(s)
1000 word(s) [4500 max.]
Add randomly [!?] marks

Add randomly diacritical marks

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, sit eu tale persius noluisse, ad sonet erroribus
disputando usu. Gubergren voluptatibus vel ad, nam numquam
conclusionemque te. Mucius democritum et eos. Te qui homero suavitate
comprehensam, vel no discere luptatum accusata. Ei everti iuvaret pro, pri
omnium sensibus repudiare ad.

An pro malis affert cotidieque. Vis graecis blandit delicata ea, sed idque euismod
te. Ne his doming eleifend, ex dicit voluptatibus est, cu erant fastidii interesset
quo. Ut laoreet epicuri nam, ad latine noluisse argumentum vix. Te fugit consul
cum. Et his impetus appareat ponderum, eum nibh dicta no. Ea euismod

         
zh
uk
ru
es
en
de

News

http://generator.lorem-ipsum.info/_latin 1/8
3/1/2019 Professional lorem ipsum generator for typographers

Overview
Lorem Ipsum: Quality typographic filler text for webmasters

The dummy copy at this site is made from a dictionary of 500 words from Cicero's original source and the text
fragments traditionally added. We use a lexical scheme to ensure a grammatically correct look and feel. This
avoids repetitions, unintentional humor, and structures considered non-idiomatic for standard lipsum filler text.
This generator doesn't just add chunks of predefined text with a limited choice of words.

Information
Lorem Ipsum: Usage, Common examples, Translation, Variants and technical information
Essay: Lorem Ipsum--when, and when not to use it
Plugins:
Content management systems (CMS): Joomla, Wordpress, Magento, Google Docs, Drupal
Editors: Notepad++, Sublime Text, Office suites

Lorem Ipsum: usage

Lorem ipsum is a pseudo-Latin text used in web design, typography, layout,

and printing in place of English to emphasise design elements over content. It's
also called placeholder (or filler) text. It's a convenient tool for mock-ups. It
helps to outline the visual elements of a document or presentation, eg
typography, font, or layout. Lorem ipsum is mostly a part of a Latin text by the
classical author and philosopher Cicero. Its words and letters have been
changed by addition or removal, so to deliberately render its content
nonsensical; it's not genuine, correct, or comprehensible Latin anymore. While
lorem ipsum's still resembles classical Latin, it actually has no meaning whatsoever. As Cicero's text doesn't
contain the letters K, W, or Z, alien to latin, these, and others are often inserted randomly to mimic the typographic
appearence of European languages, as are digraphs not to be found in the original.

In a professional context it often happens that private or corporate clients corder a publication to be made and
presented with the actual content still not being ready. Think of a news blog that's filled with content hourly on the
day of going live. However, reviewers tend to be distracted by comprehensible content, say, a random text copied
from a newspaper or the internet. The are likely to focus on the text, disregarding the layout and its elements.
Besides, random text risks to be unintendedly humorous or offensive, an unacceptable risk in corporate
environments. Lorem ipsum and its many variants have been employed since the early 1960ies, and quite likely
since the sixteenth century.

Lorem Ipsum: common examples

Most of its text is made up from sections 1.10.32–3 of Cicero's De finibus bonorum et
malorum (On the Boundaries of Goods and Evils; finibus may also be translated as
purposes). Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet,
consectetur, adipisci velit is the first known version ("Neither is there anyone who
loves grief itself since it is grief and thus wants to obtain it"). It was found by Richard
McClintock, a philologist, director of publications at Hampden-Sydney College in
Virginia; he searched for citings of consectetur in classical Latin literature, a term of
remarkably low frequency in that literary corpus.

Cicero famously orated against his political opponent Lucius Sergius Catilina. Occasionally the first Oration against
Catiline is taken for type specimens: Quo usque tandem abutere, Catilina, patientia nostra? Quam diu etiam furor
iste tuus nos eludet? (How long, O Catiline, will you abuse our patience? And for how long will that madness of
yours mock us?)

Cicero's version of Liber Primus (first Book), sections 1.10.32–3 (fragments included in most Lorem Ipsum variants
in red):

http://generator.lorem-ipsum.info/_latin 2/8
3/1/2019 Professional lorem ipsum generator for typographers
Sed ut perspiciatis, unde omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, totam rem
aperiam eaque ipsa, quae ab illo inventore veritatis et quasi architecto beatae
vitae dicta sunt, explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem, quia voluptas sit,
aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos, qui
ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt, neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum,
quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci[ng] velit, sed quia non numquam [do]
eius modi tempora inci[di]dunt, ut labore et dolore magnam aliquam quaerat
voluptatem. Ut enim ad minima veniam, quis nostrum exercitationem ullam
corporis suscipit laboriosam, nisi ut aliquid ex ea commodi consequatur? Quis
autem vel eum iure reprehenderit, qui in ea voluptate velit esse, quam nihil
molestiae consequatur, vel illum, qui dolorem eum fugiat, quo voluptas nulla pariatur?

Lorem Ipsum: translation

The Latin scholar H. Rackham translated the above in 1914:

But I must explain to you how all this mistaken idea of denouncing pleasure and praising
pain was born and I will give you a complete account of the system, and expound the
actual teachings of the great explorer of the truth, the master-builder of human
happiness. No one rejects, dislikes, or avoids pleasure itself, because it is pleasure, but
because those who do not know how to pursue pleasure rationally encounter
consequences that are extremely painful. Nor again is there anyone who loves or
pursues or desires to obtain pain of itself, because it is pain, but occasionally
circumstances occur in which toil and pain can procure him some great pleasure. To take
a trivial example, which of us ever undertakes laborious physical exercise, except to
obtain some advantage from it? But who has any right to find fault with a man who
chooses to enjoy a pleasure that has no annoying consequences, or one who avoids a
pain that produces no resultant pleasure?

On the other hand, we denounce with righteous indignation and dislike men who are so beguiled and demoralized
by the charms of pleasure of the moment, so blinded by desire, that they cannot foresee the pain and trouble that
are bound to ensue; and equal blame belongs to those who fail in their duty through weakness of will, which is the
same as saying through shrinking from toil and pain. These cases are perfectly simple and easy to distinguish. In a
free hour, when our power of choice is untrammelled and when nothing prevents our being able to do what we like
best, every pleasure is to be welcomed and every pain avoided. But in certain circumstances and owing to the
claims of duty or the obligations of business it will frequently occur that pleasures have to be repudiated and
annoyances accepted. The wise man therefore always holds in these matters to this principle of selection: he
rejects pleasures to secure other greater pleasures, or else he endures pains to avoid worse pains.

Lorem Ipsum: variants and technical information

In 1985 Aldus Corporation launched its first desktop publishing program Aldus
PageMaker for Apple Macintosh computers, released in 1987 for PCs running
Windows 1.0. Both contained the variant lorem ipsum most common today.
Laura Perry, then art director with Aldus, modified prior versions of Lorem
Ipsum text from typographical specimens; in the 1960s and 1970s it appeared
often in lettering catalogs by Letraset. Anecdotal evidence has it that Letraset
used Lorem ipsum already from 1970 onwards, eg. for grids (page layouts) for
ad agencies. Many early desktop publishing programs, eg. Adobe PageMaker,
used it to create template.

Most text editors like MS Word or Lotus Notes generate random lorem text when needed, either as pre-installed
module or plug-in to be added. Word selection or sequence don't necessarily match the original, which is intended
to add variety. Presentation software like Keynote or Pages use it as a samples for screenplay layout. Content
management software as Joomla, Drupal, Mambo, PHP-Nuke, WordPress, or Movable Type offer Lorem Ipsum
plug-ins with the same functionality.

http://generator.lorem-ipsum.info/_latin 3/8
3/1/2019 Professional lorem ipsum generator for typographers

Contact

Korean: 국민경제의 발전을 위한 중요정책의 수립에 관하여 대통령의 자문에 응

하기 위하여 국민경제자문회의를 둘 수 있다. Greek: Λορεμ ιπσθμ δολορ σιτ
αμετ, μει ιδ νοvθμ φαβελλασ πετεντιθμ vελ νε, ατ νισλ σονετ οπορτερε
εθμ. Αλιι δοcτθσ μει ιδ, νο αθτεμ αθδιρε ιντερεσσετ μελ, δοcενδι cομμθνε
οπορτεατ τε cθμ. Japanese Lorem Ipsum: 旅ロ京⻘利セムレ弱改フヨス波
府かばぼ意送でぼ調掲察たス⽇⻄重ケアナ住橋ユムミク順待ふかんぼ⼈奨貯鏡すび
そ。

Contact
facebook

Russian Lorem Ipsum: Лорем ипсум долор сит амет, пер цлита поссит ех, ат мунере фабулас петентиум сит.
Иус цу цибо саперет сцрипсерит, нец виси муциус лабитур ид. Ет хис нонумес нолуиссе дигниссим. Chinese
Lorem Ipsum: 側経意責家方家閉討店暖育田庁載社転線宇。得君新術治温抗添代話考振投員殴大闘北裁。品間識部案代学凰処済
準世一戸刻法分。悼測済諏計飯利安凶断理資沢同岩面文認革。内警格化再薬方久化体教御決数詭芸得筆代。 Indian Lorem
Ipsum: पढाए िहं दी रहा प अनुवाद कायलय मु सं था सोफ़तवेर िनरपे उनका आपके बाटते आशाआपस मु तह उशकी करता। शु आत सं था
कुशलता मभटृ अनुवाद गएआप िवशेष सकते प रभािषत लाभा त ित दे कर समजते िदशामे ा जैसे वणन सं थान िनमाता ुित भाित चुनने उपल
बगलूर अथपुण Armeninian Lorem Ipsum: լոռեմ իպսում դոլոռ սիթ ամեթ, լաբոռե մոդեռաթիուս եթ հաս, պեռ
ոմնիս լաթինե դիսպութաթիոնի աթ, վիս ֆեուգաիթ ծիվիբուս եխ. վիվենդում լաբոռամուս ելաբոռառեթ նամ
ին.

Arab Lorem Ipsum: ‫ ﻗد ﺑﺣﻖ أﺳﺎﺑﯾﻊ اﻟﻌظﻣﻰ‬,‫ ﻣﻊ واﯾرﻟﻧدا اﻷوروﺑﯾّون ﻛﺎن‬.‫ اﻟﺛﻘﯾﻠﺔ ﺑﺎل‬،‫ ھو اﻟﻌﺎﻟم‬,،‫ وﺑﺎءت اﻷﻣرﯾﻛﻲ اﻷورﺑﯾﯾن ھو ﺑﮫ‬.‫ﻏﯾﻧﯾﺎ واﺳﺗﻣر اﻟﻌﺻﺑﺔ ﺿرب ﻗد‬
‫ اﻧﮫ ﻛل وإﻗﺎﻣﺔ اﻟﻣواد‬.‫واﻋﺗﻼء‬. Hebrew Lorem Ipsum: ‫ גם‬,‫ אתה דת שונה כלשהו‬.‫ דת דפים מאמרשיחהצפה זאת‬,‫כדי יסוד מונחים מועמדים של‬
‫ אל אינו כלכלה שתי‬,‫ ויש בקלות ואמנות אירועים או‬.‫ או ניווט פולנית לחיבור ארץ‬,‫אחר ליום בשפות‬.

Lorem Ipsum: when, and when not to use it

Do you like Cheese Whiz? Spray tan? Fake eyelashes? That's what is Lorem Ipsum to many—it rubs them the wrong
way, all the way. It's unreal, uncanny, makes you wonder if something is wrong, it seems to seek your attention for
all the wrong reasons. Usually, we prefer the real thing, wine without sulfur based preservatives, real butter, not
margarine, and so we'd like our layouts and designs to be filled with real words, with thoughts that count,
information that has value.

The toppings you may chose for that TV dinner pizza slice when you forgot to shop for foods, the paint you may
slap on your face to impress the new boss is your business. But what about your daily bread? Design comps,
layouts, wireframes—will your clients accept that you go about things the facile way? Authorities in our business
will tell in no uncertain terms that Lorem Ipsum is that huge, huge no no to forswear forever. Not so fast, I'd say,
there are some redeeming factors in favor of greeking text, as its use is merely the symptom of a worse problem
to take into consideration.

You begin with a text, you sculpt information, you chisel away what's not needed, you come to the point, make
things clear, add value, you're a content person, you like words. Design is no afterthought, far from it, but it comes
in a deserved second. Anyway, you still use Lorem Ipsum and rightly so, as it will always have a place in the web
workers toolbox, as things happen, not always the way you like it, not always in the preferred order. Even if your
less into design and more into content strategy you may find some redeeming value with, wait for it, dummy copy,
no less.

Consider this: You made all the required mock ups for commissioned layout, got all the approvals, built a tested
code base or had them built, you decided on a content management system, got a license for it or adapted open
source software for your client's needs. Then the question arises: where's the content? Not there yet? That's not so

http://generator.lorem-ipsum.info/_latin 4/8
3/1/2019 Professional lorem ipsum generator for typographers
bad, there's dummy copy to the rescue. But worse, what if the fish doesn't fit in the can, the foot's to big for the
boot? Or to small? To short sentences, to many headings, images too large for the proposed design, or too small,
or they fit in but it looks iffy for reasons the folks in the meeting can't quite tell right now, but they're unhappy,
somehow. A client that's unhappy for a reason is a problem, a client that's unhappy though he or her can't quite
put a finger on it is worse.

But. A big but: Lorem Ipsum is not t the root of the problem, it just shows what's going wrong. Chances are there
wasn't collaboration, communication, and checkpoints, there wasn't a process agreed upon or specified with the
granularity required. It's content strategy gone awry right from the start. Forswearing the use of Lorem Ipsum
wouldn't have helped, won't help now. It's like saying you're a bad designer, use less bold text, don't use italics in
every other paragraph. True enough, but that's not all that it takes to get things back on track.

So Lorem Ipsum is bad (not necessarily)

There's lot of hate out there for a text that amounts to little more than garbled words in an old language. The
villagers are out there with a vengeance to get that Frankenstein, wielding torches and pitchforks, wanting to tar
and feather it at the least, running it out of town in shame.

One of the villagers, Kristina Halvorson from Adaptive Path, holds steadfastly to the notion that design can’t be
tested without real content:

I’ve heard the argument that “lorem ipsum” is effective in wireframing or design because it helps people focus on the
actual layout, or color scheme, or whatever. What kills me here is that we’re talking about creating a user experience
that will (whether we like it or not) be DRIVEN by words. The entire structure of the page or app flow is FOR THE
WORDS.

If that's what you think how bout the other way around? How can you evaluate content without design? No
typography, no colors, no layout, no styles, all those things that convey the important signals that go beyond the
mere textual, hierarchies of information, weight, emphasis, oblique stresses, priorities, all those subtle cues that
also have visual and emotional appeal to the reader. Rigid proponents of content strategy may shun the use of
dummy copy but then designers might want to ask them to provide style sheets with the copy decks they supply
that are in tune with the design direction they require.

Or else, an alternative route: set checkpoints, networks, processes, junctions between content and layout.
Depending on the state of affairs it may be fine to concentrate either on design or content, reversing gears when
needed.

Or maybe not. How about this: build in appropriate intersections and checkpoints between design and content.
Accept that it’s sometimes okay to focus just on the content or just on the design.

Luke Wroblewski, currently a Product Director at Google, holds that fake data can break down in real life:

Using dummy content or fake information in the Web design process can result in products with unrealistic
assumptions and potentially serious design flaws. A seemingly elegant design can quickly begin to bloat with
unexpected content or break under the weight of actual activity. Fake data can ensure a nice looking layout but it
doesn’t reflect what a living, breathing application must endure. Real data does.

Websites in professional use templating systems. Commercial publishing platforms and content management
systems ensure that you can show different text, different data using the same template. When it's about
controlling hundreds of articles, product pages for web shops, or user profiles in social networks, all of them
potentially with different sizes, formats, rules for differing elements things can break, designs agreed upon can
have unintended consequences and look much different than expected.

This is quite a problem to solve, but just doing without greeking text won't fix it. Using test items of real content
and data in designs will help, but there's no guarantee that every oddity will be found and corrected. Do you want
to be sure? Then a prototype or beta site with real content published from the real CMS is needed—but you’re not
going that far until you go through an initial design cycle.

Lorem Ipsum actually is usefull in the design stage as it focuses our attention on places where the content is a
dynamic block coming from the CMS (unlike static content elements that will always stay the same.) Blocks of
Lorem Ipsum with a character count range provide a obvious reminder to check and re-check that the design and
the content model match up.

Kyle Fiedler from the Design Informer feels that distracting copy is your fault:

If the copy becomes distracting in the design then you are doing something wrong or they are discussing copy
changes. It might be a bit annoying but you could tell them that that discussion would be best suited for another

http://generator.lorem-ipsum.info/_latin 5/8
3/1/2019 Professional lorem ipsum generator for typographers
time. At worst the discussion is at least working towards the final goal of your site where questions about lorem
ipsum don’t.

Summing up, if the copy is diverting attention from the design it’s because it’s not up to task.

Typographers of yore didn't come up with the concept of dummy copy because people thought that content is
inconsequential window dressing, only there to be used by designers who can’t be bothered to read. Lorem Ipsum
is needed because words matter, a lot. Just fill up a page with draft copy about the client’s business and they will
actually read it and comment on it. They will be drawn to it, fiercely. Do it the wrong way and draft copy can derail
your design review.

Asking the client to pay no attention Lorem Ipsum isn't hard as it doesn’t make sense in the first place, that will
limit any initial interest soon enough. Try telling a client to ignore draft copy however, and you're up to something
you can't win. Whenever draft copy comes up in a meeting confused questions about it ensue.

Summing up, really:

Lorem Ipsum is a tool that can be useful, used intentionally it may help solve some problems. If you go about
content strategy the wrong way, fix that problem.

Lorem Ipsum plugins

Office suites
1. MS Word: From 2007 onwards typing =lorem(i) or =lorem(i, j) in MS Word creates greeking text--don't forget
to hit the enter key; i and j need to be integers, where i stands for the amount of desired paragraphs and j
numbers the sentences per paragraph. j has a default value of 3 and a maximum set to 6665. >> screenshots

2. Open Office: An extension named Magenta Lorem ipsum generator is available at services.openoffice.org. Once
installed, an icon will be shown in a toolbar below the menu bar, with the option to insert a number of
paragraphs, the maximum is set to 25. >> screenshots

3. Libre Office: Magenta Lorem Ipsum Generator 2.0.2, available for LibreOffice 3.3, LibreOffice 3.4, and LibreOffice
3.5.

Lorem Ipsum plugins: content management systems (CMS)

1. Joomla

Dummy Content: an editor button and system plugin (Joomla extension) that sets random dummy copy in
articles or in other content item that have editors like custom HTML modules, category descriptions, or third
party content.

Folcomedia - Button Lorem Ipsum: creates a button in the editor to insert a paragraph of "Lorem Ipsum"
greeking text.

Content Fake: a component that allows for easy creation of menu items, quickly creating paragraphs of
"Lorem Ipsum" and pictures with custom sizes.

Overview of all Joomla plugins for Lorem Ipsum generation.

2. Wordpress

Lorem Ipsum Generator: Creates a button on wysiwyg toolbars to add a configurable amount of Lorem Ipsum
text to a post, page or any other custom post type.

lorem shortcode: This plugin contains two shortcodes, lorem and loremimage, the loremimage shortcode can
be nested in the lorem shortcode.

WP Dummy Content: Easy generation and deletion of blog posts, pages, and sub pages for developers. Full
site structure in one click.

http://generator.lorem-ipsum.info/_latin 6/8
3/1/2019 Professional lorem ipsum generator for typographers
WP Dummy Post Generator: A plugin that generates dummy posts and dummy categories. It also allows to set
names for blogs or taglines.

Bulk Page Maker: Creates up to 20 pages or posts at a time. You can choose title, slug, parent, template,
status, format, and content via the default WordPress Editor.

Lorem ipsum dummy article shortcode: A seeded dummy article generator. This doesn't only generates 'Lorem
Ipsum' shortcode but also full HTML articles.

DNS Ipsum - Due North Studios Lorem Ipsum Generator: Adds Lorem Ipsum text using [dns-ipsum] shortcode
and a TinyMCE button.

Lorem Ipsum and Place Holder Image Generator: A simple to use Lorem Ipsum generator.

Lorem Ipsum Replace Content: Replaces content with Lorem Ipsum, substitutes word for word.

Data Generator: Makes example posts, pages, custom terms, helps to style and develop new and current
themes. It's based on the Lolita framework.

Overview of all Wordpress plugins for Lorem Ipsum generation.

3. Magento

Hatimeria Landing Pages: Creates landing pages with products using all combinations based on categories,
attributes and their values. Description is supplied in the ackend ("lorem ipsum..."). Supports all features like
CMS-Block, injecting widgets, blocks, or variables.

4. Google Docs

Lorem Generator: A plugin for Chrome browsers that allows designers and webmaster to generate Lorem
Ipsum text from the sidebar without leaving Google Docs.

5. Drupal

Drupal Ipsum: A helper module for generating dummy filler text. Presently it defines a new ipsum provider
plugin manager service that allows for pluggable ipsum provider classes, making it easy to change existing
implementations and also to add new ones.

Lorem ipsum: A simple filler text generator generator. Use your custom sentences and create some original
Lorem ipsum.

6. Adobe Dreamweaver, a web development environment, has a plugin in form of a Dreamweaver object named
Dreamweaver Text. It can be accessed both from the Objects menu via Common > Lorem Ipsum palette or using
the Lorem Ipsum entry in the Insert > Technocurve Menu.

An alternative, possibly more versatile, is Lorem and More. It inserts dummy copy as paragraphs, lists, and
regular text. Optionally available are extracts from a speech by Cicero, corporate nonsense, and a randomised
sonnet by Shakespeare. Text may be inserted in code view and design view. The tool can be accessed via the
Lorem and More icon on the Common tab of the Insert bar (MX) or the Common objects panel (DW4). Else, it's
accessible using the menu: Insert > Lorem and More.

7. It's easy to insert dummy copy with the Scribus text editor. Select a text frame, then chose "Sample Text" from
the context menu after right-clicking. Predefined dummy copy in any languages can be set by configuring an XML
file and storing it in a subdirectory "/loremipsum" of your Scribus installation. >> screenshots

http://generator.lorem-ipsum.info/_latin 7/8
3/1/2019 Professional lorem ipsum generator for typographers
Lorem Ipsum plugins: editors
Notepad++

For notepad++, a Windows text editor, the InsertLoremIpsumNppPlugin can be downloaded at twenfour.com. It
generates and inserts Lorem Ipsum, either as words, sentences, or paragraphs. The installation requires to copy
the file InsertLoremIpsumNppPlugin.dll and the Config directory (both are contained in the zip file) to the
"plugins" subdirectory of the Notepad++ installation directory. Afterwards, a new option "InsertLoremIpsum" will
show in the "plugin" menu entry. A restart may be required. >> screenshots

ToolBucket: This plugin allows for base 64 encoding, it has a change indentation dialog, it generates Lorem Ipsum
and has many more features.

Sublime Text

Insert lorem and press the tab key, this will insert a Lorem Ipsum paragraph. lorem200 + tab will add 200 words.

Lorem Ipsum generator: A plugin by Emmet, an toolkit for web-developers. After installation type lorem or lipsum,
this will generate a 30-words dummy text, splitted into a few sentences. You can also use it inside repeated
elements to create tags filled with completely random sentences. For example, p*4>lorem would generate 4
paragraphs with greeking text. ul.generic-list>lorem10.item*4 will generate an unordered list with the class
name "generic-list" that contains 4 list items with ten words of Lorem Ipsum each.

LoremIpsum: A plugin for Sublime Editor 2 and 3 from billymoon hosted at github.com. It allows to insert Lorem
Ipsum in the editor via menu items or keyboard shortcuts. Select how much text you want from the menu item in
Edit->Text->Lorem Ipsum or in the right click menu in Lorem Ipsum. Press the shortcut key (Alt+Shift+L) to add
Lorem Ipsum text. Keep pressing to add more.

Geany: GeanyLipsum is a plugin for Windows and Linux. It inserts Lorem Ipsum copy with a length of 1 to 5,000
chars and provides a keyboard shortcut.

Do you know of other plugins? Please tell us.

Lorem ipsum: footer

online privacy policy | byteshift web design | info on lorem ipsum

http://generator.lorem-ipsum.info/_latin 8/8