Académique Documents
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Culture Documents
Contents
1 EWSD Maintenance Concept for the Subscriber and PBX Access 3
2 Self Supervision and Alarming of the Subscriber and PBX Access 7
2.1 Supervision and Alarming of Analog Subscriber Lines 8
2.2 Supervision and Alarming of ISDN Subscriber Lines 10
2.3 Supervision and Alarming of Non ISDN PBX 12
2.4 Supervision and Alarming of ISDN PBX 14
3 Performance Monitoring of ISDN Subscriber Lines 18
4 Selected Commands 21
5 Exercise 25
6 Solution 29
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The EWSD maintenance measures for subscriber and PBX consider following
different access elements:
analog subscriber line and terminal
digital subscriber line (ISDN basic accesses BA) for connection of ISDN
subscribers
analog and digital PBX lines for connection of non ISDN PBX
digital PBX lines (ISDN primary rate accesses PA or ISDN basic accesses BA) for
connection of ISDN PBX
The EWSD measures for the detection, diagnosis and localization of faults in the
subscriber access are divided into self-supervision, performance monitoring and
testing:
Self-supervision has two functions: Firstly to monitor permanently the HW units DIU
and SLM, which connect subscriber and PBX lines. In case of a fault an alarm is
signaled on the SYPD. Secondly the availability of subscriber and PBX lines is
supervised. If the threshold values for non available subscriber or PBX lines is
exceeded (set by MML commands) a LINELOCKOUT alarm is signaled on the
SYPD.
The aim of performance monitoring is to provide detailed information about the
transmission quality. The information is based on fault statistics. Within the
performance monitoring the data already created by self-supervision are written into
individual files and can now be easily read out. The creation of these files and the
data collecting in these files is done by MML commands. Performance monitoring is
only used for digital subscriber or PBX lines.
Routine testing can be performed in addition to self-supervision and performance
monitoring. Here test routines are started at regular intervals, i.e. the test data are
entered once by MML-command and then automatically started by time schedules.
Routine tests detect faulty objects and also the reason for the failure. However, the
results of detailed physical measurements are not provided.
Demand testing is carried out, for example after a fault has been detected by a self-
supervision procedure or after routine testing in order to determine the physical
measurement parameters and from this the cause of the fault. Test jobs for demand
testing are performed by the system immediately. Demand testing can be carried out
by test equipment integrated in EWSD and started by MML commands, or by
external test equipment.
TIP
This chapter will only deal with the self supervision and performance monitoring of
subscribers and PBX. For routine and demand testing a specific training module is
offered.
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Fig. 1
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DISP LNLCKOUT:
LNTYPE = SUB;
•external voltage
•permanent List of all disturbed
•short circuit subscribers
•crossed wire condition
•short to ground
Fig. 2
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Loss of signal
When the input signal is lost, the signal level on the subscriber line drops. If the
signal level remains below a specified limit for a certain length of time, then
synchronization is also lost. The SLMD then reports a port fault to the GP.
Framing errors
The transmission quality for the 2 B and the D channel of a basic access is
monitored by the CRC12 method. If the bit error rate exceeds 10exp-3 the SLMD
reports a port fault to the GP.
Fig. 3
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Fig. 4
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U2M S2M
PBX
N
T
DIU
1
PA
Fig. 5
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Fault handling
Fault detection in DIU/NT1
When the DIU detects itself a failure on the PDC used for a PA it sends a report to
the GP (standard concept of PDC supervision like it is used for PDC with trunks).
When the NT1 detects a failure on its S2M or U2M interfaces it send a message to
the DIU which reports this to the GP
Fault handling in the GP/CP
When the GP receives a report of a fault on the PDC link for a primary rate access, it:
clears down all the connections via the primary rate access’s PDC link in stages,
and blocks the ports against new seizure,
informs the CP of the failure (carrier failure alarm),
in the case of faults detected by the DIU it sends, insofar as is possible, a
malfunction report to the NT1 or to the ISDN PBX, as applicable,
passes a detailed fault report to the CP which generates a fault message
In the event of a fault, the GP blocks all the free ports on the PDC link 100 ms after
receiving the fault report. A fault which persists for more than 2 seconds leads to the
entire PDC link being taken out of service. The guard period of 2 seconds prevents
individual short-term disturbances on the PDC link from affecting call processing. Bit
errors are an exception to this. For bit errors, the PDC link is not taken out of service
until the number of bit errors occurring in two successive 4-second periods exceeds
36. The GP reports the exact reason for the fault to the CP after 60 seconds.
Fault monitoring overflow:
On a PDC link, the frequency of faults is also covered by the monitoring activities. For
this purpose, there is a fault counter in the GP for each PDC link. Every fault on a
PDC link which persists for more than 100 ms leads to the counter value being
incremented. When a counter overflow occurs, the GP takes the primary rate access
out of service. When the DIU determines that the fault on the PDC link has ended,
the GP is sent an end-of-fault report. After receiving the end-of-fault report, the GP
puts the PDC link into service again. If a PDC link has been taken out of service as a
result of a counter over-flow, then before it can be put back into service no new faults
must occur for a period of 10 minutes. The GP reports the end-of-fault on a PDC link
to the CP.
Alarming
If the number of faulty PBX lines of a PBX exceeds the predefined threshold (ENTR
LINETHR:PGATHR=) a "LINELOCKOUT" alarm is signaled at the SYPD.
A list of all disturbed PBX lines can be reported by DISP LNLCKOUT:LNTYPE=PBX.
TIP
Project specific there may be no "Maintenance/Service Alarm" at the SYPD in case of
failures on PDC used as primary rate access PA.
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PBX
PA with
30 B and one D channel
Linelockout threshold
PA with (ENTR LINETHR: PGATHR=)
30 B and one D channel for PA - PBX lines
PA with is exceeded for one or more PBX
30 B and one D channel
DISP LNLCKOUT:
LNTYPE = PBX;
PDC faults detected by:
•Standard supervision
functions for PDC in DIU List of all disturbed
•Fault messages PBX lines
from the NT1
Fig. 6
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• DM 60 consecutive seconds (without SES and UAS) with a bit failure rate between
10exp-6 and 10exp-3
• UAS timespan, beginning with the first of at least 10 consecutive seconds with a bit
error rate (BER) >10exp-3, and ending with the last second with a BER >
10exp-3, which is followed by at least 10 consecutive seconds with BER <
10exp-3
• FRAME ERRORS number of frame errors that occurred within the measuring interval
Fig. 7
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4 Selected Commands
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TEST ROUDB: CODE = ..., LAC = ..., DN= ... [, OPMODE = ...] [, LNO = ...] [, SERV
= ...];
check, if currently a destination designated by CODE can be accessed from a PBX
(if necessary using a specific service)
DISP CONN: LAC = ..., DN= ..., OPMODE = {IBW, IIC, IOG, ..., 1TR6}, LNO = ...;
checking lines of a PBX: which ones are currently used for a connection?
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TEST ROUDB: CODE = ..., LAC = ..., DN= ... [, OPMODE = ...] [, LNO = ...] [, SERV = ...];
DISP CONN: LAC = ..., DN= ..., OPMODE = {IBW, IIC, IOG, ..., 1TR6}, LNO = ...;
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5 Exercise
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Exercise 1
Title: Performance Monitoring for ISDN Subscribers
Objectives: The participant is able to start performance monitoring
measurements for ISDN subscribers
Pre-requisite: ISDN subscribers are created in the EWSD
Task
Start performance monitoring for an ISDN BA immediately. Display the test results
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6 Solution
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Solution 1
Title: Performance Monitoring for ISDN Subscribers
Objectives: The participant is able to start performance monitoring
measurements for ISDN subscribers
Pre-requisite: ISDN subscribers are created in the EWSD
Task
Start performance monitoring for an ISDN BA immediately. Display the test results
0453
<ACTBAPERF:LAC=091,DN=800220;
ACTBAPERF:LAC=091,DN=800220; EXEC'D
0494
<DISPBAPERF:LAC=091,DN=800220,BEGDAT=98-12-15,BEGTIM=14-09;
DISPBAPERF:LAC=091,DN=800220,BEGDAT=98-12-15,BEGTIM=14-09; EXEC'D
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0889
<DISPBAPERF:LAC=091,DN=800220,BEGDAT=98-12-15,BEGTIM=14-00;
DISPBAPERF:LAC=091,DN=800220,BEGDAT=98-12-15,BEGTIM=14-00;
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