Transient Noise Simulation-RAK - Basic - v1 PDF

Transient Noise Simulation – An
Introduction
Rapid Adoption Kit (RAK)
Product Version
IC6.1.7 ISR14, SPECTRE16.1 ISR9
November, 2017
Copyright Statement
© 2017 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. Cadence and the Cadence logo are
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© 2017 Cadence Design Systems, Inc. All rights reserved worldwide. Page 2
Transient Noise Simulation: RAK
Contents
Purpose ....................................................................................................................... 4
Audience...................................................................................................................... 4
Terms .......................................................................................................................... 4
Overview ...................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction .................................................................................................................. 5
The Choosing Analyses Form for Transient Noise Analysis .................................... 5
Direct Plot form after Transient Noise Analysis ........................................................ 8
Running the RAK ....................................................................................................... 10
Setting up the tutorial database ............................................................................. 10
Tutorial – 1: Transient noise waveform and spectrum - noiseseed ............................ 11
Tutorial – 2: Understanding PSD function parameters............................................... 22
Tutorial – 3: Transient noise vs. AC noise - noisefmin and noisefmax ...................... 34
Tutorial – 4: Parameter noisescale ............................................................................ 51
Tutorial – 5: Transient noise vs. Pnoise ..................................................................... 62
Tutorial – 6: RC circuit ............................................................................................... 72
Summary ................................................................................................................... 80
References ................................................................................................................ 81
Support ...................................................................................................................... 82
Feedback ................................................................................................................... 82

Purpose
The purpose of this RAK is to give a background of Spectre and APS transient noise
analysis, its implementation and implications, and the latest use model. Most
importantly, this RAK provides very detailed tutorial examples with the Virtuoso ADE
environment, with examples based on ADE Explorer and ADE Assembler. Examples
include circuits showing the correlation with periodic steady-state noise analysis
(pnoise), and the use of transient noise analysis on its main application - nonlinear and
non-periodic data converter designs.
Audience
This RAK is intended for users running Transient Noise Analysis from Virtuoso ADE
Explorer and Assembler.
Terms
ADE Analog Design Environment
PSD Power Spectral Density
Pnoise Periodic Steady State Noise (Analysis)
PSS Periodic Steady State (Analysis)

Overview
In this RAK, using various examples, the setting of transient noise analysis and the
effect of its various parameters are shown on the transient noise simulation. The post-
processing capabilities using ViVA are demonstrated. Also, a comparison of transient
noise analysis results with small signal linear noise analysis (also known as AC noise
analysis) and also with Pnoise analysis are shown.
Introduction
Transient noise calculates the effects of large signal noise on virtually any system. It
determines the impact of noise in the time domain. This is an extension to the current
transient analysis in Spectre.
In this section an overview of the Transient Noise Analysis form setup in the ADE is
provided. Later, an overview of the Direct Plot form (for plotting Transient Noise results
after the Transient simulation) is provided.
The Choosing Analyses Form for Transient Noise Analysis
In ADE Explorer the transient noise analysis setup looks like as shown below.


In order to run the Transient Noise Analysis from ADE Explorer/Assembler, you need to
do the following:
• Set the Stop Time.

• Set Noise Fmax.
• Set the Circuit Fundamental Frequency. If you don’t know about this, then set it
to the Noise Fmax.
• Now enable the Fourier Analysis Settings checkbox.
• Set the PSD Start Time. It defaults to 1 period of the Circuit Fundamental
Frequency. This allows for startup time in the circuit.
• Set the PSD Max Frequency.
• Set the Number of PSD Windows. The larger number of PSD Windows allows for
more smoothing at the cost of longer transient simulations for a given PSD Min
Frequency. 20 is a reasonable starting value.
• Once PSD Max Frequency, PSD start time, Transient Stop Time, Number of
PSD Windows and Circuit Fundamental Frequency are set, then the PSD Min
Freq and PSD Stop Time and the FFT sampling parameters are calculated
automatically.
• The form will guarantee that PSD Min Freq and Circuit Fundamental Frequency
are harmonically related, and the FFT sampling is appropriately aligned to ensure
a good-quality FFT.
• If PSD Min Freq, which is the same as the PSD frequency spacing, is too high,
increase the Transient Stop Time until it is sufficiently small.
• Now evaluate the PSD Summary.
When you click on Tran noise Options button (on the right hand side of the Noise Fmax
field) the following form gets opened:
Note that Flicker noise is on by default in SPECTRE 16.1. Thus Noise Fmin is set to 1
by default.
This was not the case in Spectre versions prior to SPECTRE 16.1. There you need to
set the Fmin to enable the Flicker Noise.

It is important for the Circuit frequencies to be an Integer Multiple of the PSD Min
Frequency. This ensures that the signal power bleed overwhelms the noise power.
Direct Plot form after Transient Noise Analysis
Once you do the Transient Noise Analysis, the Direct Plot may look like the following
when selecting Transient Noise as Function:

 PSD (i.e. Power Spectral Density) is selected by default when selecting the
Transient Noise Function.
 All the fields are preset based on the settings made for the transient (noise)
analysis in the Choosing Analyses form. Ideally you shouldn’t need to change
anything.
 Number of Samples specifies the total number of noise points.
 Window size sets the number of noise points in each segment of the transient
waveform.
In the Direct Plot Form, choose PN. The form will look like as shown below:

Running the RAK
Setting up the tutorial database

1. Unzip and untar the attached database trannoise.tar.gz and cd to the
trannoise directory.
a. unix%> tar zxvf trannoise.tar.gz
b. unix%> cd trannoise
2. Launch Virtuoso.
a. unix%> virtuoso &
3. Open Library Manager by going to Tools → Library Manager in CIW window.

Tutorial – 1: Transient noise waveform and spectrum -

noiseseed
In this tutorial you will set transient noise analysis, run a simulation, plot output
waveforms and spectrum, and will study the effect of the noiseseed parameter on the
transient noise analysis output.
1. From the Library Manager, open schematic view by going to tran_noise ->
tran_noise_waveform_spectrum_noiseseed_1 -> schematic
The schematic is as shown below.

In the schematic there is one resistor R0. This resistor is driven by two current sources:
1uA dc source and a sine source with frequency 500MHz and amplitude 1uA.
The model for this resistor includes both thermal and flicker noise parameters. The
model parameters are rsh=1k kf=10e-15. Resistor instance parameters are l=100u
w=1u. Resistor value is rsh*l/w = 100 kOhm.
2. From the Library Manager, open the maestro view in ADE Assembler
a. In Library Manager, go to tran_noise ->

tran_noise_waveform_spectrum_noiseseed_1 -> maestro

b. Double click on the maestro view (which is currently selected).
c. The maestro view opens in ADE Assembler as shown below.
This maestro view contains 2 tests, clean and noisy. These will both run transient
simulations. The aim is to plot output waveforms and spectrum, and show the effect of
the noiseseed parameter.
3. In the Data View Assistant, expand the Tests section. You will see the 2 tests
defined there, clean and noisy.
4. Expand the clean test and go the Analyses section to see the tran analysis.
5. Double click on the tran analysis which opens the following Choosing Analyses
form:

This test runs a pure transient analysis (without noise).
6. Click Ok to close the Choosing Analyses form.
7. Expand the noisy test and go the Analyses section to see the tran analysis.
8. Double click on the tran analysis, this opens the following Choosing Analyses form:


a. The transient simulation Stop Time is set to 10u.
b. To run transient noise analysis ‘Transient Noise’ is enabled.
c. Noise Fmax is set to 10G. This is the highest frequency that the noise will
be determined.
d. ‘Fourier Analysis Settings’ needs to be enabled to set the PSD related

parameters. This will then ensure the accuracy of the PSD of the signals
later during post processing of the simulation results.
e. The Circuit Fundamental Frequency is set to 500MHz. This is the frequency

of the current source present in the circuit. If you are setting a PSS Analysis,
then this value is equal to the PSS Beat Frequency.
f. The PSD Max Frequency is set equal to the Noise Fmax which is 10GHz.
g. PSD start time is set to 0.1u which is the time period of 50 cycles of the
Circuit Fundamental Frequency. If PSD Start Time is not set, then it defaults
to 1 period of the Circuit Fundamental Frequency.
h. Number of PSD Windows is set to 32. As mentioned in the Introduction

section of this Doc, 20 is the reasonable starting number. The larger this
number is the more smoothing happens but this is at the cost of longer
transient simulations time for a given PSD Min Frequency.
9. Click OK to close the Choosing Analyses form.
10. View the Expressions set in the Outputs Setup. These expressions are built using
ViVA XL Calculator functions. One of the expressions uses the calcVal() Skill
function. Refer to the RAK on Using calcVal() and its arguments with ADE
Assembler to get more details about this function and its usage.

11. Run the simulation using the Run Simulation button in Assembler =>
12. When the simulations complete the noisy and clean transient results are plotted.

Plots from ‘noisy’ test transient simulation results
Plots from ‘clean’ test transient simulation results
a_t is the plot from the clean test and is an ideal sine wave with DC offset.
a_t_noisy is the family of plots from the noisy test based on three different seed values.
These three different seed values are from the Number of Runs specified when Multiple
Runs option is enable in Choosing Analyses form. Noise magnitude is in the range of mV
and is between 1 and 10mV on average.
P_t is the signal power from the clean test. P_t_noise is the noisy signal power coming
from the noisy test. Note that the output of the sweep analysis is a family of three
waveforms and power expression includes two averages – one over time, the other over
noiseseed.
P_f is the power spectral density of the signal without noise, and P_f_noise is the
power spectral density of the signal with noise. In the P_f_noise expression, an
additional pavg function call calculates the average spectrum over three noiseseed
values. The window size parameter is 10 times smaller, reducing the statistical error in
the random noise spectrum.
Copy a_t and a_t_noisy signals to a separate window by highlighting those signals in
ViVA and then doing RMB → Copy to → New Window. Change the colors of the plots to
appear as shown in the figure below. Zoom in near to 0 on the X-axis. You will see the
difference between the clean a_t signal and noisy a_t_noisy signals, where the
a_t_noisy signal has the noise also as part of the signal.
Copy P_f and P_f_noise expressions plot to a separate window and zoom in from 0 to
3GHz. Change the colors of the plots to appear as shown in the figure below.

Power spectral density of the signal and noise
Signal spectrum has 3 peaks at 500MHz, 1.5GHz and at 2.5GHz as expected.

Numerical noise floor is about 300dB, corresponding to the dynamic range of the double
precision number.
Noise spectral density is a random function with mean value decreasing as 1/f. Part of
the flicker noise is up-converted to the signal frequency, creating 1/f sidebands on both
sides of the signal peak. Since the circuit is linear, there is no signal distortion and no
power in higher harmonics.
Noise floor is at about -140dB or 0.1uV/sqrt(Hz). Integrating noise spectral density over
full frequency range gives the total noise power P_f_noise_total. It is equal to the mean
square of the time domain noise signal P_t_noise.

Power spectral density of the signal and noise i.e. P_f and P_f_noise signals – with X-
axis changed to Log Scale
13. Close all the windows except Library Manger and the CIW window.

Tutorial – 2: Understanding PSD function parameters
This tutorial demonstrates the effect of PSD function parameters on the calculated
spectrum.
1. From the Library Manager, open the schematic view by going to tran_noise ->
tran_noise_psd_func_param_2 -> schematic and double clicking it.
2. The schematic window will look like this:

The schematic is same as in Tutorial 1. In this schematic there is one resistor R0. This
resistor is driven by two current sources: 1uA dc source and a sine source with
frequency 500MHz and amplitude 1uA.
3. From the Library Manager, open the maestro view in ADE Explorer
a. In Library Manager, select tran_noise ->

tran_noise_psd_func_param_2 -> maestro view
b. Do an RMB on maestro view (which is currently selected) and click on

Open With… as shown below

c. In the Open File Dialog Box, select ADE Explorer in Open With Application
as shown below:
d. The maestro view opens in ADE Explorer as shown below.

An example of the psd function is shown in the Function Panel of the ViVA Calculator
below:
In the psd function example above:
 The transient simulation starts at time zero and stop time is 10us

 Signal frequency is 500MHz
 Total number of cycles is 10u*500M = 5000
 With sampling frequency of say 20GHz there are 20G/500M = 40 samples per cycle
and 40/2 = 20 harmonics of the signal frequency
 Total number of samples available for the PSD calculation is 5000*40 = 200,000
 That sets the first three psd function parameters: From = 0, To = 10u, Number of
Samples = 200,000 which is shown in the above picture.
In this tutorial various parameters, such as Number of Samples, Window Size and Window
Type are varied and their effect on the psd of the signal is determined.
4. In the Maestro view, double click on the tran analysis in the Setup section. The
Choosing Analyses form opens as shown below:


be determined.

parameters which will then ensure the accuracy of the PSD of the signals


section of this Doc, 20 is the reasonable starting number. The larger number
this number is the more smoothing happens but this is at the cost of longer
The largest possible DFT window size is 200,000 samples, or 5000 cycles. In this case
only one DFT will be performed for the whole 10us time window. That gives the best
possible frequency resolution of 1/10u = 100KHz and the worst statistical error in the
spectrum. Reducing the window size allows DFT to be calculated multiple times for the
consecutive overlapping windows and average out some of the statistical error. This
comes at the cost of the frequency resolution.
6. View the Expressions set in the Outputs Setup. These expressions are built
using psd and db10 ViVA XL Calculator functions. The usage of psd function is
explained in the beginning of this Tutorial.

7. Run the simulation by going to Simulation > Netlist and Run or by clicking on
the Green arrow button .
8. Once the simulation finishes, a ViVA plot window appears as shown below:

9. Copy plots Nw=5000, Nw=500, Nw=50 and Nw=5 to a new window and change
the colors of the plots to appear as shown in the figure below:
PSD of the noisy signal with different window size(s)
You also need to zoom into that point and change the plot colors too.
The above figure of the psd of the noisy signal with different window size(s) demonstrates:
 The tradeoff between the random statistical error and frequency resolution.
 PSD was calculated with decreasing size of the DFT window:
o Red color plot – Window Size = 5000*40 samples
o Yellow color plot – 500*40
o Green color plot – 50*40
o Blue color plot – 5*40

 Frequency resolution, or the peak width is increasing by factor 10 on each step:
o Red color plot – 100kHz
o Yellow color plot – 1MHz
o Green color plot – 10MHz
o Blue color plot – 100MHz
 At the same time peak value is decreasing by factor 10:
o Red color plot – 73.04dB
o Yellow color plot – 83.04
o Green color plot - 93.04
o Blue color plot – 103.04dB
 The power of the signal is equal to the area under the peak and does not change.
The shortest window yields the smallest statistical error, but the worst frequency
resolution.
Note that in all 4 cases, the window includes integer number of cycles. So that the first
and last time points have the same voltage. If this periodic boundary condition is not
satisfied, then the end-point discontinuity will introduce a significant error in the
spectrum. A smooth time domain window function removes the discontinuity and
improves accuracy. This is shown in step 9
10. Copy Rect_50_40, Rect_50_40_plus10, Hann_50_40_plus10 and Hann_50_40

plots to a new window and change the colors of the plots to appear as shown in
the figure below:

PSD of the noisy signal using different Windowing function and Window size
The Green color plot (Rect_50_40_plus10) in the figure above, uses a Rectangular
Window. This demonstrates the wrong choice of the Window Size = 2010 samples or
2010/40 = 50.25 cycles – which is not an integer. Using a Hanning window significantly
improves the spectrum accuracy as shown in the Yellow color plot
(Hann_50_40_plus10). The correct window size is important and gives better results as
shown in the Blue color plot (Hann_50_40). The Hanning window multiplier in the time
domain is equivalent to the convolution with the window spectrum in frequency domain.
Therefore, the line width is 30MHz or 3 samples, which is 3 times larger than with the
Rectangular window. Smooth window trades off frequency resolution for the better
dynamic range or less error.
The remaining three parameters of the PSD function are not commonly used. Detrending
Mode – linear or mean – can improve the spectrum accuracy when the waveform has
clear trend. Coherent Gain – magnitude, dB10 or dB20 – selects the units for an additional
Coherent Gain Factor.
Additional considerations for the choice of parameters are:
 From. Power and spectral density is well defined for periodic, stationary and
cyclostationary signals. Power of a general non-stationary and non-periodic signal

changes with time. Increase the value of the “from” parameter to skip the initial part
of the waveform, where the signal has not yet settled to the steady state.
 To. Check if there is waveform data is available up to the “to” time. Increase
transient analysis “stop” time if necessary. There is no need to run transient
analysis beyond stop = to, because the rest of the waveform is not used in PSD
calculation. Increase the “to” parameter to collect more data and to reduce random
variation in the spectrum.
 Number of Samples defines the sampling frequency and the range of the
spectrum. Increase number of samples to include all significant harmonics and to
avoid aliasing effect in DFT.
 Window Size. Frequency resolution is the inverse of the window size. Increase
window size to obtain spectrum at lower frequency.
 Window Type. Use smooth window when rectangular does not work. All common
window functions are supported.

Tutorial – 3: Transient noise vs. AC noise - noisefmin

and noisefmax
In this tutorial you will verify transient noise analysis results against small-signal AC
noise analysis. Additionally, the effect of noisefmax and noisefmin parameters on the
noise spectral density are studied.
tran_noise_vs_acnoise_noisefmax_noisefmin_3 -> schematic and double
clicking it.

In the schematic there is one resistor R0. This resistor is driven by a 1uA dc source I0.
To do this noise analysis, the sine source is removed from the circuit (which was
present in Tutorial 1 and 2).

tran_noise_vs_acnoise_noisefmax_noisefmin_3 -> maestro

b. Double Click on the maestro view (which is currently selected).
3. In the Data View Assistant, expand the Tests section.

There are 3 tests defined, noisefmax1G, noisefmax10G, noisefmin10M_fmax10G.
4. Expand these tests further and then expand the Analyses for each test. The Data
View will look like as shown below:
5. Go to the Analyses section of these tests. There is a tran analysis and a noise
analysis defined for each test.

6. Double click on the tran analysis in the noisefmax10G test which opens the
following Choosing Analyses form:

a. The transient simulation Stop Time is set to 1m.
be determined.



7. Click on Tran noise Options button near Noise Fmax setting. This will open the
Tran Noise Options form. Noise Fmin is set to 100KHz.
8. Click Ok to close this form.
9. Now click on noise analysis in the Choosing Analyses form. The noise analysis is
set as mentioned below:

This noise analysis is set as to compare the results of this small signal noise analysis
with transient noise analysis results.
11. Double click on the tran analysis in the noisefmax1G test which opens the

Here rest of the settings are same as in the previous test except that the Noise Fmax is
set to 1GHz.
Tran Noise Options form. Noise Fmin is set to 100KHz.


This noise analysis is set as to compare the results of this small signal noise analysis
with transient noise analysis results.
15. Click Ok to close the form.
16. Double click on the tran analysis in the noisefmin10M_fmax10G test to open the

The settings are the same as in the noisefmax1G test, except Noise Fmin is set to
10MHz.
Tran Noise Options form.
18. You will see that the Noise Fmin is set to 10MHz. Click OK to close this form.

This is similar to the one set in other tests in this tutorial. This is set as to compare the
results with transient noise analysis.
20. Click Ok to close the form.

21. View the Expressions set in the Outputs Setup.
23. Once the simulation finishes, following ViVA graph window pops up.
24. Arrange the plots as mentioned below:
a. Copy the noisefmax=10G plot to a New ViVA Window.
b. Then copy the acnoise plot to the same Window. Change the color of the
acnoise plot to Blue.
c. Change the X-axis scale to Log Scale by right-clicking on the X-axis and
choosing Log Scale. The plot will appear as shown in the figure below.
d. The above plot shows the transient noise output power spectral density in
Red color and noise output in Blue color when noisefmax = 10GHz.
Transient noise and AC noise are matched very well. Flicker noise corner
frequency is seen at about 1GHz. There is a cutoff in transient noise
spectrum at 10GHz, consistent with the noisefmax setting. Transient noise
spectrum is about 4dB lower than AC noise curve at 10GHz, as expected
from the theory.
e. Perform the same steps as mentioned in points (a) to (c) for noisefmax=1G
case. The plot will appear as shown in the figure below.

f. The above figure shows the plots of the transient noise output power
spectral density which is in Red color and noise output which is in Blue
color when noisefmax = 1GHz. All the other parameters are kept the
same. Noise cutoff frequency is now at 1GHz for transient noise analysis
while the AC noise analysis was still run till 10GHz.
g. Perform the same steps as mentioned in points (a) to (c) for

noisefmin=10M_noisefmax=10G case. The plot will appear as shown in
the figure below.

h. The above figure shows the plots of the transient noise output power
spectral density which is in Red color and noise output which is in Blue
color when noisefmin = 10MHz and noisefmax=10GHz. All the other
parameters are kept the same. Noise spectral density becomes flat below
10MHz, then follow AC noise spectrum up to the noise band width of
10GHz.
i. To demonstrate noisefmax and noisefmin effects from all the three results
copy the plots to a new window in ViVA, change the X-axis scale to Log
Scale by right-clicking on the X-axis and choosing Log Scale and change
the colors as shown in the figure below.


Tutorial – 4: Parameter noisescale

This tutorial shows the effect of noisescale on the transient noise simulation results.
tran_noise_vs_acnoise_noisescale_4 -> schematic and double clicking it.

This is same as used in Tutorial 3. In the schematic there is one resistor R0. This
resistor is driven by a 1uA dc source I0. To do this noise analysis, the sine source is
removed from the circuit (which was present in Tutorial 1 and 2).

tran_noise_vs_acnoise_noisescale_4 -> maestro

3. In the Data View Assistant, expand the Tests section.
4. Further expand the tests.

5. Double Click on tran analysis for test noisescale_1. This will open the Choosing
Analyses form with transient noise analysis set as shown below.

a. The transient simulation Stop Time is set to 1m.

be determined.



6. Click on Tran noise options to view the settings for Noise Fmin and other options.
7. Click OK to close this form.
9. Double Click on tran analysis for test noisescale0_01. This will open the
Choosing Analyses window with transient noise analysis set as shown below.


The settings are same as in the noisescale_1.
10. Click on Tran noise options to view the settings for Noise Fmin and other options.
12. The default noisescale value is set to 1. However, in this simulation the
noisescale is set to 0.01. Open Transient Options form by clicking on Options
button towards the bottom of the Choosing Analyses form when tran analysis is
selected.
13. Go to Miscellaneous Tab and see that noisescale=0.01 is entered in the

‘additionalParams’ field as shown below:

16. Review the Output Setup as shown below.

19. Arrange the Noise Power Spectral Density plots (when noisescale=1 and when
noisescale=0.01) as mentioned below:
a. Copy them to a New Window in ViVA.
b. Change the colors of the noisescale=0.01 plot to Blue.
choosing Log Scale.
d. The ViVA graph window will appear as shown in the figure below. Setting
noisescale=0.01 reduces noise power 10,000 times or -40dB. It has no
effect on the shape of noise power spectrum though.


Tutorial – 5: Transient noise vs. Pnoise

In this tutorial you will run both the Transient Noise Analysis and the Pnoise Analysis
and will compare the results.
tran_noise_vs_pnoise_5 -> schematic and double clicking it.
The schematic window will look like as shown below:

The schematic is same as in Tutorial 1 and 2. In this schematic there is one resistor R0.
This resistor is driven by two current sources: 1uA dc source and a sine source with
frequency 500MHz and amplitude 1uA.
The circuit is periodic, which allows running pss and pnoise analysis. And it is linear, so
that small signal noise approximation is correct.
a. In Library Manager, select tran_noise -> tran_noise_vs_pnoise_5 ->

maestro view
c. The maestro view opens in ADE Explorer is as shown below.

3. The Outputs set in the ADE Explorer window are as shown below:
4. Double Click on the tran analysis in Analyses section and open the Choosing
Analyses form to review the transient noise analysis settings.


be determined.



5. Click on Tran noise Options... button to open the Tran Noise Options form.
Check the Noise Fmin and Noise seed settings. These options values should be
set as shown below.
7. In the Choosing Analyses form, click on pss analysis. Pss (periodic steady state)
analysis is set as shown below.

Note: You may refer to the Spectre Circuit Simulator and Accelerated Parallel
Simulator RF Analysis User Guide [4] for more detail regarding pss analysis and
pnoise analysis.

8. Click on pnoise analysis in the Choosing Analyses form. Pnoise (Periodic Noise)
analysis is set as shown below:

10. Hit the Green ‘Netlist and Run’ button in the ADE Explorer window, to run this
simulation.
11. Once the simulation completes, ‘tran_noise_psd’ and ‘pnoise’ expressions are
plotted in the ViVA-XL browser window.
12. Copy the tran_noise_psd plot to a new window.

13. Change the X-axis scale to Log Scale for the tran_noise_psd plot, by right-
clicking on the X-axis and choosing Log Scale.

This will set the X-axis scale to Log Scale. The plot will look like as shown below:
14. Copy the pnoise plot to this tran_noise_psd window. Change the color of this plot
to Blue and zoom in to plot area. The plot will look like as shown below:

The output spectral density is shown in the plot above. The Red color plot is from the
transient noise simulation while the Blue color plot is from the pnoise simulation.
Both the plots are very close so the agreement is good. The peak value at 500MHz
does not match because transient noise power spectral density includes both noise and
signal, while Pnoise analysis includes only noise.

Tutorial – 6: RC circuit
In this tutorial
tran_noise_rc_circuit_6 -> schematic and double clicking it.
2. The schematic window will look like as shown below:

The circuit consists of 1kΩ resistor and 1pF capacitor.
a. In Library Manager, go to tran_noise -> tran_noise_rc_circuit_6 ->

maestro view.
c. The maestro view opens in ADE Explorer is as shown below.

4. The Outputs set in the ADE Explorer window are as shown below:
5. Double Click on the tran analysis in Analyses section and open the Choosing
Analyses form to review the transient noise analysis settings.


be determined.



6. In the Choosing Analyses form now click on noise analysis and review the settings.


8. Run the simulation by going to Simulation > Netlist and Run or by clicking on
the Green arrow button .
10. Arrange the plots as mentioned below:
a. Copy the tran_noise plot plot to a New ViVA Window.
b. Then copy the acnoise plot to the same Window. Change the color of the
acnoise plot to Yellow.
choosing Log Scale. Then zoom in on the plot such that the plot will appear
as shown in the figure below.

At low frequencies, the noise spectral density is flat. At high frequencies, beyond the
corner frequency, noise spectral density decreases with the slope of 20dB per decade.
The value of noisefmax parameter in transient noise is set to 10GHz. Therefore, transient
noise spectral density deviates from the accurate AC noise around that frequency.
11. Exit the virtuoso session by going to File → Exit… in the CIW window.

Summary
In this RAK transient noise analysis was run on different examples. The effect of various
transient noise analysis parameters on the results was explained.
The PSD function was explained as was other post-processing capabilities in ViVA.
Other noise analyses such as small signal linear noise analysis (also known as AC
noise analysis) and pnoise were run and their results compared with the transient noise
analysis results.

References
[1] Virtuoso Spectre Transient Noise Analysis Appnote
[2] Spectre Circuit Simulator and Accelerated Parallel Simulator User Guide
[3] Transient Noise Analysis in Virtuoso ADE Explorer User Guide
[4] Spectre Circuit Simulator and Accelerated Parallel Simulator RF Analysis User
Guide
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Transient Noise Simulation-RAK - Basic - v1 PDF

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Transient Noise Simulation-RAK - Basic - v1 PDF

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Transient Noise Simulation – An

IC6.1.7 ISR14, SPECTRE16.1 ISR9

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ADE Analog Design Environment

PSD Power Spectral Density

Pnoise Periodic Steady State Noise (Analysis)

PSS Periodic Steady State (Analysis)

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The Choosing Analyses Form for Transient Noise Analysis

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• Set the Stop Time.

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Direct Plot form after Transient Noise Analysis

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Running the RAK

Setting up the tutorial database

a. unix%> tar zxvf trannoise.tar.gz

a. unix%> virtuoso &

3. Open Library Manager by going to Tools → Library Manager in CIW window.

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Tutorial – 1: Transient noise waveform and spectrum -

The schematic is as shown below.

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a. In Library Manager, go to tran_noise ->

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b. Double click on the maestro view (which is currently selected).

c. The maestro view opens in ADE Assembler as shown below.

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This test runs a pure transient analysis (without noise).

6. Click Ok to close the Choosing Analyses form.

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a. The transient simulation Stop Time is set to 10u.

b. To run transient noise analysis ‘Transient Noise’ is enabled.

d. ‘Fourier Analysis Settings’ needs to be enabled to set the PSD related

e. The Circuit Fundamental Frequency is set to 500MHz. This is the frequency

h. Number of PSD Windows is set to 32. As mentioned in the Introduction

9. Click OK to close the Choosing Analyses form.

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Plots from ‘noisy’ test transient simulation results

Plots from ‘clean’ test transient simulation results

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Power spectral density of the signal and noise

Signal spectrum has 3 peaks at 500MHz, 1.5GHz and at 2.5GHz as expected.

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Tutorial – 2: Understanding PSD function parameters

2. The schematic window will look like this:

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a. In Library Manager, select tran_noise ->

b. Do an RMB on maestro view (which is currently selected) and click on

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d. The maestro view opens in ADE Explorer as shown below.

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In the psd function example above:

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 Signal frequency is 500MHz

 Total number of cycles is 10u*500M = 5000

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