 General pattern of weather in a certain area over

along period of time.

 Climate is the overall atmospheric condition of a
place for a period of 30 years or more.
 Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the
“average weather”
 Weather is what the forecasters on the TV news
predict each day. They tell people about the
temperature, cloudiness, humidity, and whether a
storm is likely in the next few days.
 Climate is the average weather in a place over
many years. While the weather can change in just
a few hours, climate takes hundreds, thousands,
even millions of years to change
✓ Latitude ✓ Altitude ✓ Distance from bodies of
water ✓ Ocean Currents ✓ Topography
 Temperature range increases with distance from
the equator. Also, temperatures decrease as you
move away from the equator. This is because the
 suns rays are dispersed over a larger area of land
as you move away from the equator. This is due to
the curved surface of the Earth
 Air temperature decreases when altitude
increases.
 The air is less dense and cannot hold heat as
easily. Temperature usually decreases by 1°C
for every 100 metres in altitude.

Mt. Kilimanjaro is located in Africa and found near the

equator. It stands 5,895 m above sea level. The
peak of this mountain is covered by ice How is this
possible? That because the air temperature
decreases as the latitude increases.
 Bodies of water help regulate the climate of a
certain area.
 Soil absorbs heat faster than water. Soil releases
heat faster compared to water. These slow
absorption and release of heat by the body of
water greatly affect the climate.
 When ocean currents carries cold water, the air
above it becomes colder.
 When this ocean current move toward the coastal
region, the temperature of that area becomes
lower.

Shows different loops o gyres of surface currents around the

world. In the northern hemisphere, the current flows in a
clockwise direction. On the other hand, in the southern
hemisphere, the current flows in counterclockwise
direction. These clockwise and counterclockwise of ocean
currents are caused by the Coriolis Effect.
➢ The effects of topography on the climate of any given
region are powerful. Mountain ranges create
barriers that alter wind and precipitation patterns.
Topographical features such as narrow canyons
channel and amplify winds. Mountains and plateaus
are exposed to the cooler temperatures of higher
altitudes.
As you noticed, the picture shows the two sides of the mountain.
One side is facing the wind and has low temperature. Clouds
are forming here due to the condensation of water vapor.
This formation of clouds develops to become rain. On the
other side of the mountain, there is no cloud formation. The
temperature is high and precipitation does not happen.