Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Introduction:
Lab is the heart of the textile industry. Higher precision lab can aid easily to achieve the
goal of the organization. Before bulk production a sample for the approval from industry
is sent to the buyer as per the requirement of the buyer the shade is prepared in a lab
considering the economical aspects. For doing all test different equipments are used in
lab. All the equipments used in lab can be categorized into two i.e. equipments for lab
dip preparation or chemical test and equipment for physical test. In this article we will
discuss on equipments for chemical test.
Machine specification:
Capacity: 24 pots
Dyeing pot capacity: 200 ml
Heating system: Infrared heating system
Cooling system: Cooling is done by using water
Temperature: For polyester: 130˚C, For hot brand reactive dye: 80˚C-95˚C
M:L: 1:6
Washing machine (For testing color fastness to wash)
Fig.:- digiWash Washing Machine
Function: Used for washing to determine wash fastness of dyed fabric.
Machine specification:
Brand: Paramount
Origin: India
Technical information:
Capacity: 8 pots
Pot capacity: 500 ml
Chemicals used for color fastness testing:
At first multi-fiber fabric measuring 5cm×5cm is sewn with the dyed sample measuring
10Cm×4Cm.
Then the sample is placed into the test vessel that contains washing chemical.
Then the vessel is placed into the machine and the machine is run for certain time under
standard temperature.
After the wash treatment, the treated sample is compared with the original untreated sample
and any loss in color is graded with reference to the grey scale. This is done for assessing
the change in color of the sample.
The treated multi-fiber fabric is compared with untreated multi-fiber fabric with the help of
color staining grey scale to assess color staining.
Content of multi-fiber fabric:
Acetate
Cotton
Nylon
Polyester
Acrylic
Wool
Water Heater
Fabric PH check
Saliva test
Perspiration test
Rubbing fastness test
Water Hardness Tester
Fig.:- Water Hardness Testing Kit
Function:
Used to test the hardness of water.
Specification:
Brand: HANNA
Origin: Romania
Testing procedure:
Specification:
Brand: Misung Scientific
Model: MS300HS
Origin: Korea
Electric Balance
Specification:
Brand: Precisa
Origin: Switzerland
Hot air Oven
Specification:
Brand: Paramount
Origin: India
Temperature range: RT-250˚C
Light box
Specification:
Brand: Verivide
Model: HD 76AL
Origin: China
Light source available:
TL 84
D 65
F
UV
Metametric:
This is a property of color for which its tone shows variation in different light source.
PH meter
Fig: PH meter
Function: Used to determine the PH of a solution.
Specification:
Brand: HANNA
Model: HI 2211
Origin: Romania
Data color spectrophotometer
Color matching
Measuring color difference
Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample
Measuring the strength of dyestuff
Specification:
Stock dyeing is performed before the fibre is converted to the yarn state and can be a
batch or continuous process. Yarn dyeing is performed on yarns used for woven
goods, knit goods, and carpets. Usual methods include skein, package, and space
dyeing.
Fabric dyeing is the most common method in use today because it can be continuous
or semicontinuous, as well as a batch process. Methods employed include becks
(winch), jet, jig, beam, and continuous range.
The various types of dyes used are classified according to the method of application.
A listing of the more prominent dyes follows:
Vat: the dye is put on the goods in their reduced state and is then oxidized.
These dyes have excellent light and wash fastness
Developed: the dye is applied to the cloth and diazotized, and the color is
developed with a secondary chemical called the developer. The dyes have good
wash fastness
Naphthol: the naphthol is applied to the fabric and passed through the
developer for coupling. This produces bright colors and good fastness to light,
wash, and bleach
Sulfur: the dye is put on the cloth in a reduced state and is then oxidized,
producing good fastness to light and washing
Aniline Black: the aniline is oxidized on the goods by air or steam aging,
producing excellent fastness to light
;
Direct: applied directly to the cloth. These are usually low-cost dyes, easy to
apply but not very fast
Reactive: a reactive dye is a dye which reacts chemically with the cellulose
molecules (i.e. the cotton itself). These are quite widely used
.
Process Flow Chart/Sequence of Dyeing Lab
At first dyeing is performed in dyeing laboratory and then starting for bulk production. A lots of
work is done in the dyeing laboratory. In the dyeing lab, lab dip or sample is developed by the
dyeing master.Lab dip plays an important role in shade matching & this is an important task
before bulk production.
Tumble dryer:
Fig: Tumble dryer
Function: Used to dry the sample.
Specification:
Brand: Electrolux
Model: T5130
Origin: Thailand
Capacity: 12 kg
Perspirometer
Fig: Perspirometer
Function:
Used to test the color fastness of fabric against perspiration.
Specification:
Brand: Paramount
Origin: India
Sample size: 10Cm×4Cm
Perspiration solution:
Alkaline solution:
A sample measuring 10Cm×4Cm is cut and a multi-fiber fabric is sewn with it.
The sample is dipped into the solution containing perspiration chemical.
The sample is squeezed to remove excess chemical.
Then the sample is placed into two plates of the perspirometer and is pressed by 12.5 KPa.
After that together with the specimen the perspirometer is kept in oven at 37˚C for four
hours.
Finally the sample is assessed for color change and the adjacent fabric for color staining.
Washing machine:
Specification:
Brand: Siemens
Capacity: 7 kg
Speed: 800 rpm
Crock meter
Specification:
Brand: Paramount
Origin: India
Test method: ISO 105-X12:1995
Testing procedure:
Dyed specimens (10cm×4cm) are rubbed 10 times by the weighted finger covered with
undyed cotton cloth (5cm×5cm).
For wet rubbing the cotton cloth is wetted out before being rubbed on the dyed sample.
Then the cotton cloth is examined for dye which may have been removed and assessed
using the grey scales for staining.
Yarn count tester
Fig: Yarn count tester Fig: Template
Function:
Used to determine the yarn count of the supplied fabric.
Specification:
Brand: Paramount
Origin: India
Testing procedure:
Fabric sample is cut by placing the template on the fabric and the yarns are unraveled from
the sample.
Standard weight is kept on the verge of the machine.
Then the unraveled threads are kept on the hook of the machine one by one until the pointer
is in level with the datum line.
When pointer is in level with datum line then the yarns put on the hook are counted which
indicates the yarn count.
GSM cutter
Testing procedure:
Sample is cut by GSM cutter.
Then the sample is weighted by using electrical balance.
GSM is found by multiplying the weight with 100.
Pilling tester
Specification:
Model: digiPILL Nx
Brand: Paramount
Origin: India
Sample dimension: 25cm×12.5cm
Testing procedure:
Sample having the dimension 25cm×12.5cm is rolled onto a package and then it is kept into
the box of the machine.
Machine is run and continued up to the desired cycle.
After completion of the desired cycle the sample is compared with standard photographs to
know the pilling resistance of the fabric.
Shrinkage test
Fig: Glass template for shrinkage test
Shrinkage testing procedure:
minutes.
Sample is dried out.
Three points on warp side and three points on weft side are
Introduction:
Lab is the heart of the textile industry. Higher precision lab can aid easily to achieve the goal of
the organization. Before bulk production a sample for the approval from industry is sent to the
buyer as per the requirement of the buyer the shade is prepared in a lab considering the
economical aspects. For doing all test different equipments are used in lab. All the equipments
used in lab can be categorized into two i.e. equipments for lab dip preparation or chemical test
and equipment for physical test. In this article we will discuss on equipments for chemical test.
Machine specification:
Capacity: 24 pots
Dyeing pot capacity: 200 ml
Heating system: Infrared heating system
Cooling system: Cooling is done by using water
Temperature: For polyester: 130˚C, For hot brand reactive dye: 80˚C-95˚C
M:L: 1:6
Washing machine (For testing color fastness to wash)
Fig.:- digiWash Washing Machine
Function: Used for washing to determine wash fastness of dyed fabric.
Machine specification:
Brand: Paramount
Origin: India
Technical information:
Capacity: 8 pots
Pot capacity: 500 ml
Chemicals used for color fastness testing:
At first multi-fiber fabric measuring 5cm×5cm is sewn with the dyed sample measuring
10Cm×4Cm.
Then the sample is placed into the test vessel that contains washing chemical.
Then the vessel is placed into the machine and the machine is run for certain time under
standard temperature.
After the wash treatment, the treated sample is compared with the original untreated sample
and any loss in color is graded with reference to the grey scale. This is done for assessing
the change in color of the sample.
The treated multi-fiber fabric is compared with untreated multi-fiber fabric with the help of
color staining grey scale to assess color staining.
Content of multi-fiber fabric:
Acetate
Cotton
Nylon
Polyester
Acrylic
Wool
Water Heater
Fabric PH check
Saliva test
Perspiration test
Rubbing fastness test
Water Hardness Tester
Fig.:- Water Hardness Testing Kit
Function:
Used to test the hardness of water.
Specification:
Brand: HANNA
Origin: Romania
Testing procedure:
Specification:
Brand: Misung Scientific
Model: MS300HS
Origin: Korea
Electric Balance
Specification:
Brand: Precisa
Origin: Switzerland
Hot air Oven
Specification:
Brand: Paramount
Origin: India
Temperature range: RT-250˚C
Light box
Specification:
Brand: Verivide
Model: HD 76AL
Origin: China
Light source available:
TL 84
D 65
F
UV
Metametric:
This is a property of color for which its tone shows variation in different light source.
PH meter
Fig: PH meter
Function: Used to determine the PH of a solution.
Specification:
Brand: HANNA
Model: HI 2211
Origin: Romania
Data color spectrophotometer
Color matching
Measuring color difference
Measuring the reflectance % of a dyed sample
Measuring the strength of dyestuff
Specification:
I could write an encyclopedia of all the different dye tests and application
requirements. To make it simple, I like to think of dye tests in two categories:
general and specific. The general tests are routine; performed for most dyes.
Specific tests relate to a certain dye type, application, or industry. Let’s look at
the commonalities of general tests and the careful R&D work that goes into
specific tests.
For the most part, lab technicians should be familiar with a few basic dye
laboratory tests. These are a few of the most common tests.
This test is critical. If the shade and strength are off, the dye is out of spec and
should either be adjusted or not used.
SOLUBILITY IN WATER
As the solution passes through the paper, the technician monitors the amount
of time it takes to pass. At the end of the time period, the technician also logs
the amount of residue left on the filter paper. We then use these two factors to
measure against the standard.
Particle size may be important for certain applications for quality, usability,
dispersion, coverage, and other factors. Test a sample against a standard
when needed.
DUST TEST
A dust test uses a cylinder and a wet piece of filter paper to see if the dye
needs dedusting. This can be critical if you want a no-mess dye solution, or to
maintain air quality.
PH TEST
The same holds true for the paper industry. When coloring paper (or other
substrates like wood or metal), it’s common to run tests on the wood pulp
used in production to see how the dye performs. Here again, a visual test is
best.
Study on Different Laboratory Equipments of a Modern Dye
House
Study on Different Laboratory Equipments of a Modern Dye
House
Rofiquzzaman Raju
Chittagong Textile Engineering College
Contact: 01714419781
Email: rtextile.finance@gmail.com
Introduction:
Satisfaction of customer demands is the quality of a product. It is the extent of excellence of a product
that indicates that whether it meets the customer ultimate demand or not. As textiles, an integrated word is
related to different segments and each segment is responsible to meet up the requirements of subsequent
segments and finally the ultimate user. Dyeing, the process of coloring textile materials with some
medium. It is the section in which raw fabrics are dyed with coloring materials i.e. dyes in some medium
i.e. water along with several chemicals. Fabrics are colored as per the buyer requirements. Before going to
the bulk production, a sample fabric is dyed in the dyeing lab. If the desired shade is produced here then it
is go for bulk production at large amount. However, primary recipe to develop particular shade is
prepared here and then finally implemented in the production section. A standard quality lab provides all
opportunities to produce particular shade without any disturbance. Besides, the different tests are done in
the physical lab to evaluate the different parameters of dyed fabric. Tests conducted in the physical lab
basically based on the buyer requirements. During testing, different types of testing method are followed
which is varied from buyer to buyer. To learn this, an observation was done at ECHO-TEX LIMITED; an
export oriented apparel industry produces all types of knitting garments. In this article, discussion will be
done on dyeing lab of that factory.
Objects:
To know the different chemicals and equipments used in the dyeing lab.
To understand about the different test carried out in the physical lab.
To know the responsibility of different managerial designation in the dyeing lab.
Understanding the function of different machineries used in dyeing lab.
Factory Agenda:-
Machine No. 03
Specification of the machine:
Machine No.04
Specification of the machine:
Function: Treating the fabric sample with water to determine color fastness to washing.
Machine No.05
Specification of the machine:
Machine No.06
Specification of the machine:
Machine No.07
Specification of the machine:
Machine No.08
Specification of the machine:
Function: To wash the fabric sample very quick manner with respect to normal washing.
Machine No.09
Specification of the machine
Machine No.10
Specification of the machine:
Machine No.11
Specification of the machine:
Function:
Dimensional stability.
1. Shrinkage
2. Spirality
3. Angular spacing
Pilling test
Rubbing Test
GSM
Color fastness to light
Color fastness to water
Color fastness to washing
Color fastness to perspiration ( Acid & Alkali Solution)
Color fastness to SALIVA
Color fastness Phenolic Uline
Machine No.01
Specification of the machine:
Function: Treating the fabric sample to create pile on the sample fabric surface.
Testing parameters:
Name: Crockmeter
Test parameters:
Figure: Crockmeter
Machine No.03
Specification of the machine:
Conditioning: Put the sample in table for 4 hrs for conditioning before starting test.
Cut the sample 50x50 cm & benchmark should be 35x35 cm.
Stitch the sample (3 sides) by over lock sewing machine.
Put sample in washing machine and run according to buyer’s choice.
Shrinkage calculation:
31.5 + 31 + 30.8
After test: Inside measurement= ........................... = 31.1cm
3
35 - 31.5
Spirality Calculation:
Conclusion:
The dyeing lab machineries are varied from factory to factory. The Devine Fabrics dyeing lab is well
equipped with different machineries along with necessary chemicals by which various types of lab dip
can be developed and a number of tests are done in the physical lab with assured quality. All the
equipments are sufficiently enough to meet the buyer requirements successfully. But all the tests cannot
be conducted here.