EXAMPLES. EXERCISES.

NCE 423: HYDRAULICS 1. Water runs through a water main of cross- 1. In the wind tunnel, the test-section wall is
sectional area of 0.4m2 with a velocity of 6 m/s. porous; fluid is sucked out to provide a thin
Calculate the velocity of water in the pipe when viscous boundary layer. The wall contains 800
 the pipe tapers down to a cross-sectional area of holes of 7-mm diameter per square meter of
0.3m2. area. The suction velocity out each hole is Vs = 10
Lecture 2: Ans. v 2=8 m/s m/s, and the test section entrance velocity V1 =
46 m/s. Assuming incompressible flow of air,
2. A garden hose attached to a nozzle is used to fill compute:
a 10 gal bucket. The inner diameter of the hose is a. Vo , An s. 5.51 m/s
2 cm and it reduces to 0.8 cm at the nozzle exit. b. The total wall suction volume,
If it takes 50 sec to fill the bucket with water, An s. 3.48 m 3/s
Learning Objectives. determine: c. V2, An s. 40.53 m/s
1. To be able to derive the continuity equation. a. Volume and mass flow rates of water d. Vf, An s. 5.70 m/s
2. To be able to understand the concept of through the hose.
continuity equation and use this to solve related b. Average velocity of water at the nozzle exit.
problems. Ans. 7.5758 x 10 -4m3/s, 0.7576 kg/s,
15.0715 m/s

Required Knowledge in:

3. Pipe 1 diverges into two pipes namely Pipe 2 and
1. Rate of flow
Pipe 3. Pipe 1 is with a diameter of 50 mm and
mean velocity of 2 m/s. Pipe 2 is 40 mm in
diameter and takes only 30% of the total
Derivation of Continuity Equation. discharge. Pipe 3 is with a diameter of 60 mm.
Assumptions: What are the values of discharge and velocity in
Laminar flow-ideal fluid flow each pipe?
Ans. v 2= 0.936 m/s, v 3= 0.972 m/s
Incompressible-constant density

For compressible fluid:

For incompressible fluid: