Chapter 10

Wireless Mobile Computing and Mobile

Commerce
Management Information Systems
Lecturer. Seang Lypengleang
Email: lypengleang@gmail.com, lseang@zamanuniversity.edu.kh
Zaman University
Group 1

DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS

1
CHAPTER OUTLINE
10.1 Wireless Technologies

10.2 Wireless Computer Networks and Internet Access

10.3 Mobile Computing and Mobile Commerce

10.4 The Internet of Things

LEARNING OBEJECTIVE
• 10.1 Identify advantages and disadvantages of each of the four main types of wireless
transmission media.

• 10.2 Explain how businesses can use short-range, medium-range, and long-range
wireless networks.

• 10.3 Provide a specific example of how each of the five major m-commerce
applications can benefit a business.

• 10.4 Describe the Internet of Things, along with examples of how organizations can
utilize the Internet of Things
PROJECT FI

• In April 22, 2015, Google announced its new

wireless service, called “Project FI”.

• Project Fi allow customers’ to route data

between available Wi-Fi networks and the 4G
LTE.
• Project Fi provides many features. Customers
can call, text and using mobile cellular(data).
1 0 . 1 W i r e l e s s Te c h n o l o g i e s

WHAT IS WIRELESS
Wireless = wire + less
Wireless communication or sometimes simply call Wireless,
is the transfer of information or power between two or more
points without connected to an electrical conductor.
Wireless devices provide three major
advantages to users:
• 1. They are small enough to easily carry
or wear.

• 2. They have sufficient computing

power to perform productive tasks.

• 3. They can communicate wirelessly

with the Internet and other devices .
Case study: Smartphones Drive Growth of Electronic Commerce in Vietnam.
• Wireless communication has had a
significant impact in Vietnam.
• In a country where few people have a
landline phone, millions of Vietnamese
are moving directly into wireless
technologies.
• year, the number of active mobile
social media accounts in Vietnam rose
41 percent by January 2015
Wireless Transmission Media
• Definition: Wireless Transmission Media is Wireless media, or
broadcast media, transmit signals without wires.
There are major type of wireless media such as
• Microwave
• satellite
• radio
Microwave Satellites Radio Wave
• Global Positioning System. The global positioning system (GPS) is
a wireless system that utilizes satellites to enable users to
determine their position anywhere on Earth.
• Internet over Satellite. In many regions of the world, Internet over
Satellite (IoS) is the only option available for Internet connections
because installing cables is either too expensive or physically
impossible.
• Radio transmission is the of uses radio-wave frequencies to send
data directly between transmitters and receivers
Wireless security
Clearly, wireless networks provide numerous benefits for businesses. However, they also
present a huge challenge to management—namely, their inherent lack of security.

• A rouge access point

• In an evil twin attack

• War driving

• Eavesdropping
10.2. Wireless Computer Network and
Internet Access

● Wireless computer network provides wireless computer access.

● Divided into three types based on the effective distance.

Short Range Medium Range

Long Range
Short-Range Wireless Networks
● Allows users to move around the device. (No wires)

● Short-range wireless network generally have a

range of 100 feet or less.

● Three basics short-range networks: Bluetooth, Ultra-

wideband (UWB) ,and near-field communication (NFC).
1.Bluetooth
● Bluetooth is an industry specification
used to create small personal area
networks.

● Personal area networks is used for

communication among computer
devices .

● Bluetooth 1.0

● Bluetooth 4.0
Bluetooth 1.0
● Link up to 8 devices.
● 10 meters area.
● Bandwidth of 700 Kilobits per second.

Bluetooth 4.0
● 100 meters area
● Transmit up to around 25 megabits per second.
2. Ultra wide-band (UWB)
● High-bandwidth wireless technology with transmission
speeds in excess of 100 Mbps.

● Good choices for applications for streaming multimedia,

from personal computer to television.
3.Near-Field Communications
● smallest range of all any small range wireless networks.

● It is designed to be embedded in mobile devices such as cell

phones and credit cards. Example, credit card, POS system.
Medium-Range Wireless Networks
● wireless local area networks (WLANs).

● Most common one is Wireless Fidelity, or Wi-Fi.

Wireless Fidelity
● WiFi is one of the WLAN, but it is wired LAN with no cables.
● Provide services to a number of users up to 300 ft area.

Advantages:
● provide fast and easy internet
● User can access to the internet while walking
around, home, office
● Access from public hotspot, airport, restaurant…
● Low cost.
Drawback of WiFi
Three factors that prevent WiFi from market expanding in the
future
● Roaming
● Security
● Cost
Wide-Range Wireless Networks
● Connect user to the internet over a specific area.

● Operate over licensed spectrum

● Regulated by the government

● Two categories: Cellular Radio and Wireless Broadband

(WiMAX)
1. Cellular Radio
● First Generation (1G) Low bandwidth
● Second Generation (2G) Higher bandwidth with voice and data
communications 10kbps.
● (2.5G) voice and data communications up to 144kbps.
● Third Generation (3G) transmits upto 384kbps while walking,
128kbps while driving and 2Mbps in fixed location.
● Fourth Generation (4G) transmits upto 100Mbps for high
mobility
2. Wireless Broadband (WiMAX)
● Wireless access range up to 31 miles
● Transfer rate up to 75 Mbps
● Secured system
● Provide services to long distance places like Rural Areas...
10.3. M o b i l e c o m p u t i n g a n d m o b i l e
commerce
What is mobile computing?
➢

➢ Mobile computing is refers to a real-time

connection between a mobile device and
other computing environments, such as the
Internet or an intranet.
There are two types of mobile computing:

➢ Mobility: implies portability based on the fact that users carry a mobile
device everywhere they go. Therefore, users can initiate real-time contact
with other systems from wherever they happen to be.

➢ broad reach: is the characteristic that describes the accessibility of people.

They can be reached at any time.
Mobility and broad reach create five values-adds that break the barrier of geography
and time:
➢ Ubiquity: refer to the attribute of being available at any location at any given time.
A mobile terminal in the form of a smartphone or a PDA offers ubiquity

➢ convinces: It is very convenient for users to operate in the wireless environment.

All they need is an Internet enabled mobile device such as a smartphone.

➢ instant connectivity: Mobile devices enable users to connect easily and quickly to
the Internet, intranets, other mobile devices and databases.

➢ personalization: Personalization refers to customizing the information for individual

consumers.

➢ localization of products and services: Knowing the users physically location at any
particular moment is key to offering relevant products and services.
Mobile commerce

What is mobile commerce?

➢Mobile commerce is refers to electronic commerce (EC) transactions that are

conducted in a wireless environment, especially via the Internet. Like regular
EC applications, m-commerce can be transacted via the Internet, private
communication lines, smart cards, and other infrastructures.
 As you saw at the beginning of this chapter, mobile commerce (or m-commerce)
refers to electronic commerce (EC) transactions that are conducted in a wireless
environment,
especially via the Internet.

what is EC (electronic commerce)?

➢ EC is the buying, selling, marketing, servicing, delivery, and payment of goods and services
over computer networks such as the Internet. E-commerce is made possible through the use of
Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), and server
applications that enable the purchase to take place.
The development of m-commerce is driven by the following
factors:

• Widespread availability of mobile devices:

• Declining prices.
• Bandwidth improvement
Widespread availability of mobile devices

By mid-2016, some six billion cell phones were in use

throughout the world. Cell phones are spreading
more quickly in the developing
world than the developed world. Experts estimate
that within a few years about 70 percent of cell
phones in developed countries will have Internet
access. Mobile Internet access in developing
countries will increase rapidly as well. Thus, a mass
market has developed for mobile computing and m-
commerce.
Declining prices.

The price of wireless devices is declining and will

continue to decline.
According to the fierce wireless (website): cost of
wireless service falls 13%, biggest
Decline in 16 years. Post in 22.may.2017.
Bandwidth improvement

To properly conduct m-commerce, you need sufficient

bandwidth for transmitting text, voice, video, and multimedia.
Wi-Fi, 4G cellular technology, and WiMAX all provide the
necessary bandwidth.
• WIMAX is a family of wireless communication standards
based on the IEEE 802.16 set of standards, which provide
multiple physical layer (PHY) and Media Access Control
(MAC) options.
Mobile commerce application:

Mobile commerce applications are many and varied.

The most popular application:
• location-based
• financial services
• intra-business
• accessing information
• telemetry
location-based M-commerce B2C applications include location-based services
and location-based applications. Location-based mobile
commerce is called location-based commerce (or L-commerce).
• Location-based services provide information that is specific
to a given location.
• location-based advertising can make the marketing process
more productive.
• Apple’s iBeacon app is an interesting location-based service.
The app provides location-aware, contextual information to
users. iBeacon uses a collection of beacons, which are
Bluetooth Smart transmitters. The iBeacons locate a
B2C:(business to customer) smartphone’s location by broadcasting
refers to the transactions Bluetooth signals.
conducted directly between a • The purpose of iBeacons is to allow advertisers and business
company and consumers who partners to deliver information, coupons, and other content
are the end-users of its products relevant to person’s
or services. location.
Location base

• Mobile advertising: Mobile advertising is a form of advertising via cell

phones, smartphones, or other mobile devices.
 Mobile financial applications include banking, wireless
financial services payments and
micropayments, money transfers, wireless wallets, and bill
payment services. The bottom line for mobile financial
applications is to make it more convenient for customers to
transact business regardless of where they are or what time it
is. Harried customers are demanding such
convenience.
For example: If you took a taxi ride in Frankfurt, Germany,
you could use your cell phone to pay the taxi driver. Such very
small purchase amounts (generally less than $10) are called
micropayments. he growth of relatively inexpensive digital
content, such as music (e.g., iTunes), ring tones, and
downloadable games, is driving the growth of
micropayments, as merchants seek to avoid paying credit
card fees on small transactions.
• One technology that can increase the volume of
transactions is wireless mobile wallets
Intra-business

Although business-to-consumer (B2C) m-commerce receives considerable

publicity, most of today’s m-commerce applications actually are used within
organizations. In this section, you will see how companies use mobile
computing to support their employees.
❑ Mobile devices increasingly are becoming an integral part of workflow
applications. For example, companies can use non-voice mobile services
to assist in dispatch functions—that is, to assign jobs to mobile
employees, along with detailed information about the job.
Accessing information

• Another vital function of mobile technology is to help users obtain and utilize
information.
2 Types of technology are designed to aggregate and deliver content in a form that will
work within the limited
space available on mobile devices. These portals provide information to users anywhere
and
at any time. Those technology are:
➢Mobile portal: aggregates and provides content and services for mobile users. These
services include news, sports, and e-mail; entertainment, travel, and restaurant
information; community services; and stock trading. The world’s best-known mobile
portal—i-mode from NTT DoCoMo (www.nttdocomo.com). primarily in Japan.
➢Voice portal : is a Web site with an audio interface. Voice portals are not Web sites in
the
normal sense because they can also be accessed through a standard phone or a cell
phone.
Telemetry
▪ Telemetry is the wireless transmission and receipt of data gathered from
remote sensors. Telemetry has numerous mobile computing applications.
❑ For example, technicians can use telemetry to identify maintenance
problems in equipment and
doctors can monitor patients and control medical equipment from a
distance. Car manufacturers use telemetry applications for remote vehicle
diagnosis and preventive maintenance.
For instance, drivers of many General Motors cars use its OnStar system
(www.onstar.com) in
numerous ways.
❑An interesting telemetry application for individuals
- find my iPhone
10.4 The Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT), also

called the Internet of Everything, the
Internet of Anything, the Industrial
Internet, and machine-to-machine
communication (m2m), is a system in
which any object, natural or
manmade, has a unique identity and is
able to send and receive information
over a network without human
interaction.
10.4 The Internet of Things
How any object on earth has their own unique identity?
=> We could use IP address to uniquely identify.

Are there enough IP addresses for all object?

=> Yes, Thank to IPv6 Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
which created a vast number of IP addresses, has been
an important factor in the development of the IoT. In
fact, there are enough IP addresses to uniquely identify
every object on the earth.
How many IP addresses could IPv6 generate?
=> IPv6 could provide
340,282,366,920,938,463,374,607,432,768,211,456
possible IP addresses.
 10.4 The Internet of Things
Wireless Sensor

Wireless sensors are an underlying technology of the Internet of Things. A wireless sensor is an
autonomous device that monitors its own condition, as well as physical and environ mental
conditions around it, such as temperature, sound, pressure, vibration, and movement. Sensors
can also control physical systems; for example, opening and closing a valve and con trolling the
fuel mixture in your car. Wireless sensors can be as small as a grain of rice.
 10.4 The Internet of Things
How Wireless Sensor works
Wireless sensors collect data from many points over
an extended space. A sensor contains processing,
storage, and radio-frequency antennas for sending
and receiving messages. Each sensor “wakes up” or
activates for a fraction of a second when it has data
to transmit. It then relays those data to its nearest
neighbor. So, rather than every sensor transmitting
its data to a remote computer, the data travel from
sensor to sensor until they reach a central computer
where they are stored and analyzed. Then Wireless
sensors provide information that enables a central
computer to integrate reports of the same activity
from different angles within the network.
 10.4 The Internet of Things
Wireless Sensor
BAR CODE : A typical bar code, known as the Universal Product Code (UPC), is made up of 12 digits that are
batched in various groups. Bar codes have worked well, but they have limitations. First, they require a line-
of-sight to the scanning device. This system works well in a store, but it can pose substantial problems in a
manufacturing plant or a warehouse or on a shipping/receiving dock. Second, because bar codes are
printed on paper, they can be ripped, soiled, or lost. Third, the bar code identifies the manufacturer and
product but not the actual item.
 10.4 The Internet of Things
Wireless Sensor
QR CODE: Quick response (QR) codes are also used in place of bar codes. A QR
code is a two-dimensional code, readable by dedicated QR readers and camera
phones.
QR codes have several advantages over bar codes:
• QR codes can store much more information.
• Data types stored in QR codes include numbers,
text, URLs, and even Japanese characters.
• QR codes are smaller because they store
information both horizontally and vertically.
• QR codes can be read from any direction or angle,
so they are less likely to be misread.
• QR codes are more resistant to damage.
 10.4 The Internet of Things
Wireless Sensor
RFID: RFID systems use tags with embedded
microchips, which contain data, and antennas to trans-
mit radio signals over a short distance to RFID readers.
The readers pass the data over a network to a
computer for processing. The chip in the RFID tag is
programmed with information that uniquely identifies
an item. It also contains information about the item
such as its location and where and when it was made.
 10.4 The Internet of Things
Wireless Sensor
Active RFID
Passive RFID
• only give off a signal when an antenna distributes
a radio signal that powers it.
• No direct power source means a weaker signal.
These tags can be detected up to 10ft away.
• Passive RFID tags are cheaper
• It works best for tracking inventory in industries
like manufacturing, distribution, and wholesale.
VS Passive RFID
Active RFID
• Since active RFID tags are constantly
generating a radio signal they need to have a
power source.
• The battery pack on an active RFID tag gives
it a good range. These tags signals can travel
350ft.
• Active RFID tags are more expensive.
• It is most effective in industries where people
and large assets need to be tracked.
 10.4 The Internet of Things
Examples of the IoT

Smart Home
 10.4 The Internet of Things
Examples of the IoT
Health Care
10.4 The Internet of Things
Examples of the IoT

Automotive (Automobile)
10.4 The Internet of Things
Examples of the IoT
Supply Chain Management
10.4 The Internet of Things
Examples of the IoT

Environmental Monitoring Agriculture

10.4 The Internet of Things
What’s in IT for me?
Accounting Major Finance Major

Marketing Major

Production/Operations Management Major

MIS Major

Human Resource Management Major