UNIVERSIDAD TECNOLOGICA DEL PERÚ

ELASTICIDAD Y RESISTENCIA DE MATERIALES

Laboratorio N°1

PROFESOR

Murillo Pariona, Denis Americo

ALUMNO Código

Zegarra Ochoa Jose Anthony U1111607

2019 - 1
 ENSAYO DE COMPRESIÓN

Grupo 1
Ensayo N°1
Datos geométricos de la probeta

Material Lo (mm) Lf (mm) do (mm) df (mm)

Blanco 19.4 13 10.05 13.35

Datos en metros:

Material Lo (m) Lf (m) do (m) df (m) %ΔL/Lo %ΔA/Ao

Blanco 0.0194 0.013 0.01005 0.01335 32.98969072 76.4186633

Porcentaje de variación de la longitud

∆𝐿
%∆𝐿 = × 100
𝐿𝑂
0.013 − 0.0194
%∆𝐿 = × 100
0.0194
%∆𝐿 = 32.99%

Porcentaje de variación de área

∆𝐴
%∆𝐴 = × 100
𝐴𝑂
0.0001399 − 0.0000793
%∆𝐿 = × 100
0.0000793
%∆𝐿 = 76.42%
 TABLA 1

Extensión(mm) Carga(KN) Área(m2) Lo (mm) Lf (mm) Deformación unitaria Esfuerzo(KPa)

0.2 0.4 0.00006064 19.4 19.2 0.010309278 6596.30607
0.4 0.6 0.00006064 19.4 19 0.020618557 9894.45910
0.6 0.8 0.00006064 19.4 18.8 0.030927835 13192.61214
0.8 0.9 0.00006064 19.4 18.6 0.041237113 14841.68865
1 1 0.00006064 19.4 18.4 0.051546392 16490.76517
1.2 1 0.00006064 19.4 18.2 0.06185567 16490.76517
1.5 1.1 0.00006064 19.4 17.9 0.077319588 18139.84169
1.8 1.2 0.00006064 19.4 17.6 0.092783505 19788.91821
2.1 1.3 0.00006064 19.4 17.3 0.108247423 21437.99472
2.4 1.4 0.00006064 19.4 17 0.12371134 23087.07124
2.7 1.4 0.00006064 19.4 16.7 0.139175258 23087.07124
3 1.4 0.00006064 19.4 16.4 0.154639175 23087.07124
3.3 1.5 0.00006064 19.4 16.1 0.170103093 24736.14776
3.6 1.6 0.00006064 19.4 15.8 0.18556701 26385.22427
3.9 1.6 0.00006064 19.4 15.5 0.201030928 26385.22427
4.2 1.7 0.00006064 19.4 15.2 0.216494845 28034.30079
4.5 1.8 0.00006064 19.4 14.9 0.231958763 29683.37731
4.8 2 0.00006064 19.4 14.6 0.24742268 32981.53034
5.1 2 0.00006064 19.4 14.3 0.262886598 32981.53034
5.6 2.4 0.00006064 19.4 13.8 0.288659794 39577.83641
6.1 2.5 0.00006064 19.4 13.3 0.31443299 41226.91293
6.6 2.8 0.00006064 19.4 12.8 0.340206186 46174.14248
7.1 3 0.00006064 19.4 12.3 0.365979381 49472.29551
7.6 3.3 0.00006064 19.4 11.8 0.391752577 54419.52507
8.1 3.6 0.00006064 19.4 11.3 0.417525773 59366.75462
8.6 4 0.00006064 19.4 10.8 0.443298969 65963.06069
9.1 4.3 0.00006064 19.4 10.3 0.469072165 70910.29024
9.6 4.7 0.00006064 19.4 9.8 0.494845361 77506.59631
10.1 4.9 0.00006064 19.4 9.3 0.520618557 80804.74934
10.6 5.3 0.00006064 19.4 8.8 0.546391753 87401.05541

𝜋((0.01335)2 − (0.01005)2 )
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 =
4
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.00006064
GRÁFICO

Esfuerzo - Deformación
100,000
090,000
080,000
070,000
060,000
Esfuerzo

050,000
040,000
030,000
020,000
010,000
000,000
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Deformación

Esfuerzo - Deformación
030,000

025,000
y = 129274x + 7999.7

020,000
Esfuerzo

015,000

010,000

005,000

000,000
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12 0.14
Deformación

Módulo de Elasticidad
129274 KPa = 0.13 GPa
TENACIDAD

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 22.29𝑇𝑃𝑎
Ensayo N°2
Datos geométricos de la probeta
 Material Lo (mm) Lf (mm) do (mm) df (mm)
Blanco 19.6 13.5 9.2 13.25

Datos en metros:

Material Lo (m) Lf (m) do (m) df (m) %ΔL/Lo %ΔA/Ao

Blanco 0.0196 0.0135 0.0092 0.01325 -31.12244898 107.3684211

Porcentaje de variación de la longitud

∆𝐿
%∆𝐿 = × 100
𝐿𝑂
0.0135 − 0.0196
%∆𝐿 = × 100
0.0196
%∆𝐿 = −31.12%

Porcentaje de variación de área

∆𝐴
%∆𝐴 = × 100
𝐴𝑂
0.0001379 − 0.0000665
%∆𝐿 = × 100
0.0000665
%∆𝐿 = 107.37%

TABLA 2

Extensión(mm) Carga(KN) Área(m2) Lo (mm) Lf (mm) Deformación unitaria Esfuerzo(KPa)

 0.05 0.5 0.00007141 19.6 19.55 0.00255102 7001.820473
0.1 1 0.00007141 19.6 19.5 0.005102041 14003.64095
0.15 1.5 0.00007141 19.6 19.45 0.007653061 21005.46142
0.2 1.9 0.00007141 19.6 19.4 0.010204082 26606.9178
0.25 2.4 0.00007141 19.6 19.35 0.012755102 33608.73827
0.3 2.6 0.00007141 19.6 19.3 0.015306122 36409.46646
0.35 3 0.00007141 19.6 19.25 0.017857143 42010.92284
0.4 3.2 0.00007141 19.6 19.2 0.020408163 44811.65103
0.45 3.5 0.00007141 19.6 19.15 0.022959184 49012.74331
0.5 3.7 0.00007141 19.6 19.1 0.025510204 51813.4715
0.55 4 0.00007141 19.6 19.05 0.028061224 56014.56379
0.6 4.2 0.00007141 19.6 19 0.030612245 58815.29198
0.65 4.4 0.00007141 19.6 18.95 0.033163265 61616.02017
0.7 4.6 0.00007141 19.6 18.9 0.035714286 64416.74835
0.75 4.8 0.00007141 19.6 18.85 0.038265306 67217.47654
0.8 5 0.00007141 19.6 18.8 0.040816327 70018.20473
0.85 5.2 0.00007141 19.6 18.75 0.043367347 72818.93292
0.9 5.3 0.00007141 19.6 18.7 0.045918367 74219.29702
0.95 5.5 0.00007141 19.6 18.65 0.048469388 77020.02521
1 5.6 0.00007141 19.6 18.6 0.051020408 78420.3893
1.1 6 0.00007141 19.6 18.5 0.056122449 84021.84568
1.2 6.2 0.00007141 19.6 18.4 0.06122449 86822.57387
1.7 7.2 0.00007141 19.6 17.9 0.086734694 100826.2148
2.2 7.8 0.00007141 19.6 17.4 0.112244898 109228.3994
2.7 8.2 0.00007141 19.6 16.9 0.137755102 114829.8558
3.2 8.5 0.00007141 19.6 16.4 0.163265306 119030.948
3.7 8.8 0.00007141 19.6 15.9 0.18877551 123232.0403
4.2 9.1 0.00007141 19.6 15.4 0.214285714 127433.1326
4.7 9.4 0.00007141 19.6 14.9 0.239795918 131634.2249
5.2 9.7 0.00007141 19.6 14.4 0.265306122 135835.3172
5.7 9.6 0.00007141 19.6 13.9 0.290816327 134434.9531
6.2 9.5 0.00007141 19.6 13.4 0.316326531 133034.589
6.7 9.5 0.00007141 19.6 12.9 0.341836735 133034.589
7.3 9.5 0.00007141 19.6 12.3 0.37244898 133034.589
7.9 9.5 0.00007141 19.6 11.7 0.403061224 133034.589
8.4 9.5 0.00007141 19.6 11.2 0.428571429 133034.589
9 8.5 0.00007141 19.6 10.6 0.459183673 119030.948

𝜋((0.01325)2 − (0.0092)2 )
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 =
4
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.00007141
GRÁFICO
 Esfuerzo - Deformación
160000

140000

120000

100000
Esfuerzo

80000

60000

40000

20000

0
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
Deformación

Esfuerzo - Deformación
60000
y = 2E+06x + 5414.7
50000

40000
Esfuerzo

30000

20000

10000

0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03
Deformación

Módulo de Elasticidad
1939600 KPa = 1.94 GPa
TENACIDAD

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 72.88𝑇𝑃𝑎

Grupo 2
Ensayo N°3
Datos geométricos de la probeta
 Material Lo (mm) Lf (mm) do (mm) df (mm)
Blanco 20.05 13.5 10.02 13.25

Datos en metros:
Material Lo (m) Lf (m) do (m) df (m) %ΔL/Lo %ΔA/Ao
Blanco 0.02005 0.0135 0.01002 0.01325 -32.66832918 74.77820025

Porcentaje de variación de la longitud

∆𝐿
%∆𝐿 = × 100
𝐿𝑂
0.0135 − 0.02005
%∆𝐿 = × 100
0.02005
%∆𝐿 = −32.67%

Porcentaje de variación de área

∆𝐴
%∆𝐴 = × 100
𝐴𝑂
0.0001379 − 0.0000789
%∆𝐿 = × 100
0.0000789
%∆𝐿 = 74.78%

TABLA 3

Extensión(mm) Carga(KN) Área(m2) Lo (mm) Lf (mm) Deformación unitaria Esfuerzo(KPa)

0.1 1 0.00005903 20.05 19.95 0.004987531 16940.53871
0.2 2 0.00005903 20.05 19.85 0.009975062 33881.07742
 0.3 2.6 0.00005903 20.05 19.75 0.014962594 44045.40064
0.4 3.2 0.00005903 20.05 19.65 0.019950125 54209.72387
0.5 3.6 0.00005903 20.05 19.55 0.024937656 60985.93935
0.6 4.1 0.00005903 20.05 19.45 0.029925187 69456.20871
0.7 4.6 0.00005903 20.05 19.35 0.034912718 77926.47806
0.8 5 0.00005903 20.05 19.25 0.039900249 84702.69355
0.9 5.4 0.00005903 20.05 19.15 0.044887781 91478.90903
1 5.6 0.00005903 20.05 19.05 0.049875312 94867.01677
1.1 6 0.00005903 20.05 18.95 0.054862843 101643.2323
1.2 6.1 0.00005903 20.05 18.85 0.059850374 103337.2861
1.3 6.2 0.00005903 20.05 18.75 0.064837905 105031.34
1.4 6.5 0.00005903 20.05 18.65 0.069825436 110113.5016
1.5 6.6 0.00005903 20.05 18.55 0.074812968 111807.5555
1.6 6.7 0.00005903 20.05 18.45 0.079800499 113501.6094
1.7 6.9 0.00005903 20.05 18.35 0.08478803 116889.7171
1.8 7.1 0.00005903 20.05 18.25 0.089775561 120277.8248
1.9 7.2 0.00005903 20.05 18.15 0.094763092 121971.8787
2 7.3 0.00005903 20.05 18.05 0.099750623 123665.9326
2.1 7.4 0.00005903 20.05 17.95 0.104738155 125359.9864
2.5 7.8 0.00005903 20.05 17.55 0.124688279 132136.2019
3 8.1 0.00005903 20.05 17.05 0.149625935 137218.3635
3.5 8.3 0.00005903 20.05 16.55 0.174563591 140606.4713
4 8.5 0.00005903 20.05 16.05 0.199501247 143994.579
4.5 8.6 0.00005903 20.05 15.55 0.224438903 145688.6329
5.6 9 0.00005903 20.05 14.45 0.279301746 152464.8484
6 9.4 0.00005903 20.05 14.05 0.29925187 159241.0639
7 8.5 0.00005903 20.05 13.05 0.349127182 143994.579
8 8.1 0.00005903 20.05 12.05 0.399002494 137218.3635
9 7.6 0.00005903 20.05 11.05 0.448877805 128748.0942
10 7.4 0.00005903 20.05 10.05 0.498753117 125359.9864

𝜋((0.01325)2 − (0.01002)2 )
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 =
4
Á𝑟𝑒𝑎 = 0.00005903

GRÁFICO
 Esfuerzo - Deformación
180000
160000
140000
120000
Esfuerzo

100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
Deformación

Esfuerzo - Deformación
120000

100000 y = 2E+06x + 16602

80000
Esfuerzo

60000

40000

20000

0
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06
Deformación

Módulo de elasticidad
1685940 KPa = 1.69 GPa
TENACIDAD

𝑇𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 64.42𝑇𝑃𝑎

Promedio de Módulos de Elasticidad

0.13 + 1.94 + 1.69
𝐸𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑚 =
3
 𝐸𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑚 = 1.25𝐺𝑃𝑎

Este valor se aproxima al E del polipropileno, cuyo E=1.345GPa

1.345 − 1.25
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = × 100
1.345
%𝐸𝑟𝑟𝑜𝑟 𝑑𝑒 𝐸𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑎𝑑 = 7.06%