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(Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing)

(M –S CHE ME )

e. Iadhug;gd;> M.E., M.I.S.T.E.

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 KAL PATHIPPAGAM– 99446 50380, 96266 26747

Unit – I
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN
1. Define CAD.
xU nghUspd; designI cUthf;Fjy;> Nkk;gLj;Jjy;>
gFg;gha;jy;> kw;Wk; optimization Mfpatw;wpw;F computerI
gad; gLj;JtNj Computer Aided Design (CAD) MFk;.
2. List out the steps involved in Shiley’s design process.
1) Recognition of need 2) Definition of problem
3) Synthesis 4) Analysis and optimization
5) Evaluation 6) Presentation
3. List out the various activities of CAD.
1) Geometric modelling 2) Engineering analysis
3) Design review and evaluation 4) Automated drafting
4. What are the benefits of CAD?
1) Design cUthf;Fk; tpfpjk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
2) Lead time (nkhj;j Neuk;) FiwfpwJ.
3) Design cUthf;Ftjpy; flexibility mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
4) Design error FiwfpwJ.
5) Design gFg;gha;T Nkk;gLfpwJ.
6) Design, documentation kw;Wk; drafting jug;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
7) Design cUthf;Fjy; kw;Wk; Nkk;gLj;Jjy; vspjhfpwJ.
8) glq;fis ntt;NtW Nfhzq;fspy; vspjhf fhzyhk;.
5. Mention the important CAD software packages.
AutoCAD, Pro/E, IDEAS, UniGrpahics, CADian, SolidWorks,
CADKey, CATIA, ArchiCAD, Autodesk Inventor, etc.
6. What is transformation?
Computer graphics gad;ghLfspy;> glq;fspd; KbTg;
Gs;spfspy; rpy fzpj nray;ghLfisr; nra;tjd; %yk;
glk; khw;wp mikf;fg; gLfpwJ. ,j;jifa nray;ghLfs;
transformation vdg;gLk;. Translation, scaling kw;Wk; rotation
Mfpait xU rpy mbg;gil transformationfs; MFk;.

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7. Define translation.
Translation vdgJ gl ghfq;fis Xhplj;jpy; ,Ue;J
kw;nwhU ,lj;jpw;F efh;j;Jtijf; Fwpf;Fk;. Matrix tbtpy;
,J fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpf;fg; gLfpwJ.
(x', y') = (x, y) + T
,q;F> x', y' = efh;j;jg;gl;l Gs;spapd; mr;Rj; J}uq;fs;
x,y = Muk;g epiyapy;> Gs;spapd; mr;Rj; J}uq;fs;
m, n = X kw;Wk; Y jpirapy; efh;j;jg;gl Ntz;ba J}uk;
T = Translation matrix = (m, n)
8. What is scaling?
tiugl ghfj;jpd; msit rpwpjhfNth my;yJ
nghpjhfNth khw;Wtjw;F scaling vd;W ngah;. glj;jpy;
cs;s Gs;spfs; scaling matrix %yk; fPo;f;fz;lthW khw;wp
mikf;fg; gLfpwJ.
(x', y') = (x, y) S
m 0
,q;F, S = Scaling matrix = q r
0 n
,jd; %yk; glj;jpd; msT m klq;F X jpirapYk;>
n klq;F Y jpirapYk; khw;wp mikf;fg;gLk;.
9. What is rotation?
Rotation vd;gJ tiuglj;ij mjd; njhlf;fg; Gs;spiag;
nghWj;J  Nfhzj;jpw;F VNjDk; xU jpirapy; jpUg;Gjy;
MFk;. Matrix tbtpy;> ,e;j epfo;Tf;fhd nray;Kiw
fPo;f;fz;lthW:
(x', y') = (x, y) R
cos sin
,q;F, R = Rotation matrix = q r
–sin cos
10. Write down the rotation matrix for rotating an object
about X-axis.
X mr;irg; nghWj;J  Nfhzj;jpw;F nra;ag;gLk; 3D
rotation fPo;f;fz;lthW matrix tbtpy; Fwpf;fg; gLfpwJ.
(x', y', z') = (x, y, z) Rx

Q & A.3
 KAL PATHIPPAGAM– 99446 50380, 96266 26747
,q;F, cos 0 sin
Rx = X mr;irg; nghWj;J rotation matrix =q 0 1 0 r
–sin 0 cos

11. Define concatenation.

Concatenation vd;gJ mLj;jLj;J epfOk; gy transfor-
mationfis ,izj;J xNu transformation Mf nra;Ak;
nray; MFk;. ,t;thW Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l transformationfs;
concatenated transformationfs; vdg;gLk;. tiuglq;fis
jpUj;jp mikf;Fk;NghJ ,j;jifa transformationfs;
nra;ag;gLfpd;wd.

12. What are the techniques of geometric modelling?

1) Wireframe modelling
2) Surface modelling
3) Solid modelling
13. List out the advantages of wireframe modelling?
1) ,jid tbtikg;gJ vspJ.
2) ModelI Nrkpj;J itf;f Fiwe;j memory NghJkhdJ.
3) Manipulation Neuk; FiwT.
4) Orthographic, isometric kw;Wk; perspective Njhw;wq;fis
,jpypUe;J cUthf;FtJ vspJ.
14. List out various types of surfaces.
1) Ruled surface 2) Surface of revolution
3) Tabulated cylinder 4) Bezier surface
5) B–spline surface 6) NURBS
7) Coons surfaces 8) Swept surface
9) Fillet surface 10) Offset surface
15. List out the applications of surface modelling.
1) ,ize;Js;s ,uz;L ghfq;fSf;fpilNa cs;s
interferenceI NrhjidapLjy;
2) FWf;F ntl;Lj; Njhw;wj;ij cUthf;Fjy;
3) Finite element meshfis cUthf;Fjy;
4) NC tool path cUthf;Fjy;

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16. List out the schemes available for solid modelling.

1) Constructive solid geometry (CSG)
2) Boundary representation (B–rep)
3) Pure primitive instancing
4) Generalized sweep
5) Cellular decomposition
6) Hybrid scheme
17. List out the various solid modelling entities.
1) Block 2) Cylinder 3) Cone
4) Sphere 5) Wedge 6) Torus
18. What is the basic difference between CSG and B-rep?
 CSG Kiwapy;> primitives vdg;gLk; mbg;gil solid
mikg;Gfs; cjtpAld; Njitahd model cUthf;fg;
gLfpwJ.
 B-rep Kiwapy;> xU solid model MdJ mjd;
vy;iyfis eph;zapf;Fk; mbg;gil gl cUtq;fs;
mlq;fpa xU data structure %yk; Fwpg;gplg; gLfpwJ.
19. What is hybrid scheme?
Hybrid scheme
MdJ C-rep kw;Wk; B-rep ,uz;Lk;
,ize;j Kiw MFk;. ,e;j ,uz;L KiwfspYk; cs;s
FiwghLfis ePf;fp> rpwg;G mk;rq;fis ,izj;J Hybrid
scheme gad;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
20. List out the applications of solid modelling.
1) Hidden line drawing, section kw;Wk; shaded tiuglq;fis
cUthf;Fjy;
2) Surface area, centre of gravity, moment of inertia, radius
of gyration Nghd;w mass propertyfis fzf;fPL nra;jy;
3) Solid assemblyfSf;fhd kinematics analysis
4) Dynamics interference analysis
5) Process plan cUthf;Fjy;
6) CNC tool path cUthf;Fjy;
21. What is graphic standard?
Dataf;fis ntt;NtW CAD systemfSf;F ,ilNa
ghpkhwpf; nfhs;s cjTgit graphics standards MFk;.

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22. What are the needs for graphics standard?

1) Application program portability
2) Picture data portability
3) Text portability
4) Object database portability
23. List out the common graphics standards.

1) GKS (Graphical Kernel System)

2) OpenGL (Open Graphics Library)
3) IGES (Initial Graphics Exchange Specification)
4) DXF (Drawing Exchange Format)
5) VDI (Virtual Device Interface)
6) VDM (Virtual Device Metafile)
7) WMF (Windows Meta File)
24. What is GKS? State its objectives.
 Fwpg;gpl;l nghJthd nray;ghLfis
Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fg; gad;gLk; nray;Kiwfspd;
njhFg;Ng Graphical Kernel System MFk;.
 Objectives of GKS :
1) glk; tiutjw;fhd midj;J trjpfisAk; mspj;jy;.
2) Plotterfs;> display devicefs; Nghd;w midj;J graphic
devicefisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;.
3) gy;NtW programfis cUthf;Ftjw;F Fiwe;j
memoryINa milj;Jf; nfhs;Sjy;.
25. What is OpenGL?
Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) vd;gJ 2D kw;Wk; 3D
tiuglq;fis rendering nra;tjw;F nghpJk;
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU application programming
interface (API) MFk;. ,J graphics processing unit (GPU)
cld; ,ize;J nray;gl;L> hardwareI J}z;Ltjd;
%yk mjpNtf rendering ngwg;gLfpwJ.
26. State the features in OpenGL.
1) Language independent 2) Platform independent
3) Open architecture 4) Vertex and fragment shaders
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5) Multi texturing 6) Instanced rendering

7) Viewport array 8) Flush Control
27. What are the applications of OpenGL?
1) Computer Aided Design 2) Virtual reality
3) Scientific visualization 4) Information visualization
5) Flight simulation 6) Video games.
28. List out the subsection in IGES format.
1) Start section 2) Global section 3) Directory entry section
4) Parameter data section 5) Terminate section
29. What are the advantages of DXF?
1) DXF MdJ kpfg;nghUj;jkhd vector file tif MFk;.
2) gy;NtW CAD programfSf;F ,ilNa jfty;fis
ghpkhwpf; nfhs;s DXF cjTfpwJ.
3) ve;j xU CAD/CAM softwareYk; ,jid edit nra;a ,aYk;.
4) DXF filefis rpWrpW gFjpfshf vspjpy; gphpf;fyhk;.
5) DXF MdJ nghJg;gad;ghl;bw;F ,ytrkhf fpilf;fpwJ.
30. Define FEA.
Finite element analysis (FEA) vd;gJ
gy;NtW ,aq;F
epiyfspy; ghfq;fspd; gz;Gfis fz;lwpa Nkw;nfhs;sf;
$ba engineering analysisf;F gad;gLk; xU computer
simulation Kiw MFk;.
31. Mention the basic steps in FEA.
1) Pre-processing
2) Analysis (Computation of solution)
3) Post processing (Visualization)
32. List out the applications of FEA.
 Stress kw;Wk; displacementfis fz;lwpjy;
 Heat transfer
 Solid state diffusion
 Reactions with moving boundaries
 Fluid dynamics
 Electromagnetism

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33. What are the advantages of FEA?

 mjpf accuracy
 Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l design
 kpfg; nghUj;jkhd design parameterfs;
 Virtual prototyping
 Fiwthd hardware prototypefs;
 Ntfkhd kw;Wk; Fiwe;j nryTs;s design cycle
 mjpf productivity
 mjpf tUkhdk;

Unit – II
COMPUTER AIDED MANUFACTURING
1. Define CAM.
Manufacturing, planning kw;Wk; control Mfpa nray;ghLfspy;
computer njhopy;El;gj;ij jpwk;gl gad;gLj;JtNj
Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) MFk;.
2. List out the functions of CAM in manufacturing planning.
 Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)
 Computer assisted NC part programming
 Computerized machinability data system
 Development of work standard
 Cost estimating
 Production and inventory planning
 Computer aided line balancing
3. List out the functions of CAM in manufacturing control.
 Process monitoring and control
 Quality control
 Shop floor control
 Inventory control
4. List out the benefits of CAM.
1) tbtikg;gpy; mjpf flexibility
2) mjpf cw;gj;jpj; jpwd;

Q & A.8
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3) cw;gj;jp nray;Kiwfspy; mjpf flexibility

4) Fiwthd cw;gj;jp Neuk;
5) mjpf ek;gfj;jd;ik
6) Fiwthd guhkhpg;G
7) Fiwthd scrap kw;Wk; rework
8) rpwe;j eph;thf fl;Lg;ghL
5. What is Group Technology (GT)?
Group Technology (GT) vd;gJ design kw;Wk; manufacturing
nray;Kiwfspy; ghfq;fSf;F ,ilNaAs;s xw;Wikapd;
mbg;gilapy; mtw;iw tifg;gLj;jp> xl;L nkhj;j cw;gj;jp
nryitf; Fiwf;Fk; xU cw;gj;jp topKiw MFk;.
6. What is part family?
Part family vd;gJ gy;NtW ghfq;fs; mlq;fpa njhFg;ghFk;.
,jpy; cs;s ghfq;fs; mtw;wpd; tbtk; kw;Wk; mstpy;
xd;Wgl;Nlh> my;yJ mtw;iw jahhpg;gjw;F
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nray;Kiwfspy; xd;Wgl;Nlh ,Uf;Fk;.
7. List out the design attributes used in GT.
1) Basic external shape 2) Basic internal shape
3) Material type 4) Part functions
5) Major dimensions 6) Minor dimensions
7) Tolerances 8) Surface finish
8. List out the manufacturing attributes used in GT.
1) Major processes 2) Minor operations
3) Operation sequence 4) Major dimension
5) Surface finish 6) Machine tool
7) Fixture required 8) Cutting tools
9. What are the applications of parts classification and
coding?
1) Design retrieval 2) Machine cell design
3) Automated process planning
10. What are the coding structures used in GT?
1) Hierarchical structure or Monocode structure
2) Chain type structure or Polycode structure
3) Hybrid structure or Mixed mode structure

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11. List out the parts classifications and coding systems.

1) Opitz system 2)MICLASS system
3)The CODE system 4) DCLASS system
5)COFORM system 6) The KK–3 system
12. List out the benefits of Group Technology.
1) Vw;fdNt cs;s designI databasey; ,Ue;J vspjhf
jpUk;g ngw KbAk;.
2) Design standardizationf;Fg; gad;gLfpwJ.
3) Production rate mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
4) Work-in-process kw;Wk; inventory Fiwf;fg; gLfpwJ.
5) Material handling kw;Wk; efh;Tfs; Fiwf;fg; gLfpwJ.
6) Scrap Fiwf;fg; gLfpwJ.
7) Machined; gad;ghl;L tPjk; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
8) Manufacturing lead-time Fiwf;fg; gLfpwJ.
9) njhopw;rhiyapd; xl;Lnkhj;j efficiency mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
13. What is process planning?
xU nghUis Fwpg;gpl;l msTfSld; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F
gpd;gw;wg;gl Ntz;ba kpfg; nghUj;jkhd cw;gj;jp
nray;Kiwfs;> assembly nray;Kiwfs; kw;Wk;
nray;Kiwfspd; thpir Mfpatw;iwf; fz;lwptNj process
planning MFk;.
14. What are the requirements for process planning?
1) cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba nghUspd; xU tUlj;
Njit my;yJ batch size.
2) nghUspd; gy;NtW ghfq;fspd; gl;bay;.
3) jw;NghJs;s %yg;nghUl;fspd; msTfs;.
4) jw;NghJ epWtdj;jpy; cs;s ,ae;jpuq;fisg; gw;wpa
tpguq;fs;.
5) Njitahd tool, die, mould, fixture kw;Wk; gauge gw;wpa
tpguq;fs;.
6) Njitg;gLk; accuracy kw;Wk; surface finish.
15. What is CAPP?
Computer programfspd;cjtpAld; process planI
jhdhfNt cUthf;Fk; Kiw Computer Aided Process
Planning (CAPP) vdg;gLk;.

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 KAL PATHIPPAGAM– 99446 50380, 96266 26747

16. What is the difference between variant approach and

generative approach of CAPP?
 Variant approach topKiwapy;> xt;nthU part
familyf;Fkhd Group Technology (GT) codeI gad;gLj;jp>
Vw;fdNt cs;s master process plany; ,Ue;J jFe;j
process plan Njh;T nra;ag;gl;L edit nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
 Generative approach topKiwapy;> xt;nthU
ghfj;jpw;Fkhd process plan Gjpjhf njhlf;fj;jpypUe;J
jahhpf;fg; gLfpwJ.
17. List out the benefits of CAPP.
1) kpfr;rpwe;j kw;Wk; Fiwe;j nrytpyhd process plan
fpilf;Fk;.
2) mjpf juk; tha;e;j nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;a ,aYk;.
3) Process plannerd; productivity mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
4) Process planning cUthf;Ftjw;F MFk; nkhj;j Neuk;
FiwfpwJ.
5) Computer %yk; cUthf;fg;gLk; route sheetfs; njspthf
,Ug;gjhy; Fog;gkpd;wp vspjpy; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.
18. What are the objectives of PPC?
1) tsq;fis jpwk;gl gad;gLj;Jjy;
2) nghUl;fis rhpahd Neuj;jpy; delivery nra;jy;
3) Fiwe;jgl;r inventoryI cWjp nra;jy;
4) cw;gj;jp Neuj;ij Fiwj;jy;
5) nghUl;fspd; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jjy;
6) %yg;nghUl;fs; tPzhtij fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;
7) cw;gj;jp nryit Fiwj;jy;
19. What is master production schedule (MPS)?
 Master production schedule (MPS) MdJ> aggretate
plany; cs;s xt;nthU nghUisAk; jahhpg;gJ gw;wpa
ml;ltiz MFk;.
 ,jpy; jahhpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba nghUspd; tpguk;> vj;jid
nghUl;fs; jahhpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;> vg;nghOJ
Kbf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gd Nghd;w tpguq;fs; mlq;fp
,Uf;Fk;.

Q & A.11
 KAL PATHIPPAGAM– 99446 50380, 96266 26747

20. What are the objectives of MPS?

1) epWtdj;jpy; cs;s ,ae;jpuq;fs;> %yg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
Ml;fis jpwk;gl gad;gLj;Jjy;.
2) Fiwe;j gl;r inventoryI guhkhpj;jy;.
3) nghUl;fis Fwpg;gpl;l Neuj;jpy; jahhpj;J mDg;Gjy;.
21. What is capacity planning?
Master production scheduley; cs;sJ Nghd;W nghUl;fis
cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;Fj; Njitg;gLk; Ml;fs; kw;Wk;
,ae;jpuq;fspd; Njitia fz;lwpjNy capacity planning
MFk;. Long-term cw;gj;jpf;F NghJkhd Njitfis
fz;lwpjYk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;.
22. What is MRP?
Master production scheduleI mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L>
nghUl;fis jahhpf;fj; Njitahd %yg;nghUl;fs; kw;Wk;
Njitg;gLk; ,ju ghfq;fs; mlq;fpa njspthd
ml;ltizia cUthf;Fjy; material requirement planning
(MRP) vdg;gLk;.
23. List out the benefits of MRP.
1) Inventory Fiwf;fg;gLfpwJ.
2) DemandfSf;F Vw;g vspjpy; khw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
3) Nkk;gLj;jg;gl;l thbf;ifahsh; Nrit.
4) Setup Neuk; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp nryT FiwfpwJ.
5) ,ae;jpuq;fspd; gad;ghL Nkk;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
6) MPSy; Vw;gLk; khw;wq;fis vspjpy; Vw;Wf;nfhz;L
rkhspf;f ,aYk;.
24. What is MRP-II?
Manufacturing resource planning vd;gJ computerI
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L ,aq;Fk; xU system MFk;. ,J
MPSy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ Nghd;W nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp
nra;tjw;Nfw;g planning, scheduling kw;Wk; %yg; nghUl;fs;>
njhopw;rhiyapd; tsq;fs;> ,ju nray;ghLfisf;
fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; Nghd;wtw;iw Nkw;nfhs;Sk;.

Q & A.12
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25. What is shop floor control?

cw;gj;jp eilngWk; ,lj;jpw;F production orderfis
toq;Fjy;> cw;gj;jp eilngWtij gy;NtW work centrerfs;
%yk; fz;fhzpj;J fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;> orderfspd; jw;Nghija
epytuk; gw;wpa jfty;fis Nrfhp;j;jy; Mfpait shop floor
controly; mlq;Fk;.
26. Define JIT.
Just In Time (JIT) vd;gJ nghUl;fs; tPzhtij jpl;lkpl;L
jtph;j;jy; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp tpfpjj;ij njhlh;e;J mjpfhpj;jy;
Mfpatw;iw mbg; gilahff; nfhz;L nray;gLk; xU
cw;gj;jp nray;Kiw MFk;.
27. What is ERP?
Enterprise resource planning vd;gJ nghUl;fis kpfr;rpwe;j
Kiwapy; cw;gj;jp nra;tjw;F jpl;lkplg; gad;gLk; xU MRP-
II software MFk;.

Unit – III
CNC PART PROGRAMMING AND
RAPID PROTOTYPING
1. W
What is CNC part program?
xU ghfj;jpd; ,Wjpahd tbtj;ij ngWtjw;F machine
control unit (MCU) %yk; epiwNtw;wg;gl Ntz;ba fl;lisfs;
mlq;fpa tpgug; gl;bay; NC part program vdg;gLk;.
2. List out the data required for part programming.
1) Specification of coordinate system
2) Specification of axes
3) Specification of machines
4) Specification of reference points
5) Specification of tools
6) Method of holding work pieces
7) Data tables and books
8) Sequence of operation

Q & A.13
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3. How axes are specified in NC system?

 Z-axis : Z-mr;rpd; efh;thdJ spindle mr;R jpirapNyh
my;yJ spindle mr;Rf;F ,izahfNth ,Uf;Fk;.
 X-axis : Cutting tool my;yJ workpiece efUk; jpir X mr;rhf
Fwpf;fg;gLk;. ,J Z- mr;Rf;F nrq;Fj;jhf ,Uf;Fk;.
 Y-axis : ,J X kw;Wk; Z mr;R ,uz;bw;Fk; nrq;Fj;jhf
mikAk;. ,jd; jpirahdJ right hand Cartesian coordinate
systemj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L jPhkhdpf;fg;gLk;.
4. Define zero point.
CNC machinefspy;> toold; efh;Tfs; coordinate system %yk;
fl;Lg;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ. Coordinate systemj;jpd; Mjpg;
Gs;spahdJ zero point Mf fUjg;gLfpwJ.
5. Differentiate : Fixed zero point and floating zero point.
 khw;wp mikf;f ,ayhj tifapy; xU epiyahd ,lj;jpy;
Fwpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ fixed zero point vdg;gLk;.
 Workpiecef;F Vw;g> machine slided; cjtpahy; cutting
toolI efh;j;jp Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gLtJ floating zero point
vdg;gLk;.
6. What is machine zero point or machine datum?
,J machine cw;gj;jpahsh; %yk; tiuaWf;fg;gLk;
epiyahd point MFk;. ,JNt machine controllerd;
coordinate systemj;Jf; fhd zero point MFk;.
7. What is workpiece zero point?
,e;j point MdJ machine zero pointIg; nghWj;J
workpiece coordinate systemj;ij jPh;khdpf;fpwJ. ,e;j point
MdJ part program %yk; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;L> machine
controllerf;F input Mf nfhLf;fg;gLk;.
8. What is tool zero point?
WorkpieceI machining nra;Ak;NghJ> machining nra;ag;gl
Ntz;ba ghijapy; tool nry;YkhW kpfj;Jy;ypakhf
fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,jw;F tool turrety; cs;s xU
Gs;sp reference point Mf vLj;Jf; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
,JNt tool zero point vdg;gLk;.

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9. What is machine reference point or home position?

Machine slidefs; kw;Wk; toold; efh;Tfis mstpLk;
systemj;ijf; fl;Lg; gLj;JtjpYk; callibration nra;tjpYk;
machine reference point my;yJ home position gad;gLfpwJ.
,J cw;gj;jpahsh; %yk; jPh;khdpf;fg;gLfpwJ.
10. Mention the two types of NC dimensioning.
 Absolute dimensioning: ,e;j Kiwapy;> workpiecey; cs;s
xU Gs;spapd; mr;Rj; J}uq;fs; vg;nghOJk; xU Mjpg;
Gs;spiag; nghWj;Nj Fwpf;fg;gLk;.
 Incremental dimensioning:
,e;j Kiwapy;> workpiecey;
cs;s xU Gs;spapd; mr;Rj;J}uq;fs; vg;nghOJk;> me;jg;
Gs;spf;F Kd;ghf cs;s kw;nwhU Gs;spia
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L Fwpf;fg; gLk;.
11. List out the formats used in NC part programming.
1) Fixed sequential format
2) Fixed sequential format with tab ignored
3) Tab sequential format
4) Word address format
5) Word address format with TAB separation and variable
word order
12. Mention the latest format used in NC part programming.
 Word address format with TAB separation and variable word
order vd;w format jw;Nghija etPd CNC controllerfspy;
ngUk;ghYk; gad;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
 ,jpy; xt;nthU wordk; TAB %yk; gphpf;fg; gl;bUf;Fk;.
xU Blocky; cs;s wordfis ve;j orderYk; khw;wp
vOjyhk;.
13. What are G-codes(preparatory functions)?
G-codefs; vdg;git machine mr;Rfspd; efh;T kw;Wk;
mjNdhL njhlh;Gila nray;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf
ifahsg;gLk; preset functionfs; MFk;. xU blocky;
nfhLf;fg;gLk; fl;lisfis Vw;gjw;F jFe;jhw;Nghy;
machine controllerI ,e;j functionfs; jahh; nra;fpd;wd.

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14. What are modal and non-modal G-codes?

 Modal G-codefs; controllerf;F settingfshf nray;gLk;.
,e;j G-codefs; xUKiw nfhLf;fg;gl;L tpl;lhy;> mNj
groupIr; rhh;e;j kw;nwhU G-code %yk; ePf;fg;gLk; tiu
njhlh;e;J ,af;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.
 Nod-modal G-codefs; mJ ,lk;ngw;Ws;s blocky; kl;LNk
,af;fj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;.
15. What are miscelleneous functions?
Misscelleneous functionfs; machining toold; rpy controlfis
,af;fp> machined; ,af;fj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ.
miof;fg;gLk; functionI Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jpwid Fwpg;gpl;l
machine tool ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
16. Write the functions of the G-codes G21, G28, G71, G76.
G21 – Metric Input system; G28 – Return to Zero (Home)
G71 – Multiple turning cycle; G76 – Multiple thread cutting cycle
17. Give the functions of the M-codes M06, M30, M70, M98.
M06 – Tool change ; M30 – Program end and rewind;
M70 – X axis mirror ON; M98 – Subprogram Call
18. What is diameter programming?
Diameter programing Kiwapy;> Mu msTfis Fwpg;gjw;F
gjpyhf> tpl;l (diameter) msTfis Fwpf;FkhW> X- mr;R
jpirapy; midj;J efh;TfSk; ,uz;L klq;fhf
Fwpf;fg;gLk;. ,e;j Kiw nghJthf turning centrefspy;
gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ.
19. Define tool offset.
Tool tip position kw;Wk; turret datum Mfpatw;wpw;F
,ilNaAs;s J}uk; tool offset vdg;gLk;.
20. Give the syntax for tool (T-word) function.
T-word MdJ Tmmnn vd;w formatIf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
,jpy; Kjy; ,uz;L ,yf;fq;fs; (mm) turret stationIAk;>
filrp ,uz;L ,yf;fq;fs; (nn) tool offset cs;s
,lj;ijAk; Fwpf;fpwJ. Offset register number 00 vdf;
Fwpg;gpl;L offsetI jtph;f;fyhk;.

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21. What are the methods of specifying spindle feed in NC

programmin?
1) G97 – Constant surface speed 2) G98 – Constant RPM
Example:
G96 S200 (Spindle speed is set at 200 m/min)
G97 S2500 (Spindle speed is set at 2500 rpm)
22. How feed is specified in NC programming?
Feed ,uz;L formatfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; :
1) G98 – Feed in mm/min 2) G99 – Feed in mm/rev.
Example:
G98 F2.5 (2.5 mm / minute)
G99 F1 (0.01 mm / revolution)
G99 F1.0 (1.00 mm / revolution)
G99 F100 (1.00 mm / revolution)
23. What is the difference between G00 and G01?
 midj;J mr;Rthf;fpYk; xUNru mjptpiuthf toolI
efh;j;Jtjw;F G00 gad;gLfpwJ.
 njhlh;r;rpahd xU Neh;f;Nfhl;Lg; ghijia cUthf;F
tjw;F G01 gad;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
24. List out the various interpolation methods in NC.
 Linear interpolation
 Circular interpolation
 Helical interpolation
 Parabolic interpolation
 Cubic interpolation
25. What is linear interpolation?
njhlh;r;rpahd xU Neh;f;Nfhl;Lg; ghijia cUthf;Ftjw;F
Linear interpolation gad;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ. nfhLf;fg;gl;l
feed ratey; linear interpolationI nray;gLj;Jtjw;D G01
fl;lis gad;gLfpwJ.
26. What is circular interpolation? Give its syntax.
tisthd arcfis cUthf;Ftjw;F ciruclar interpolation
gad;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
Syntax: G02 X_ Z_ R_ F_ (or) G03 X_ Z_ R_ F_

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G02 – Circular Interpolation (Clockwise)

G03 – Circular Interpolation (Counter-clockwise)
X, Z - coordinate values; F- Feed rate; R-Radius
27. What is canned cycle?
 xU Fwpg;gpl;l thpirapy; toold; efh;Tfis jpUk;g jpUk;g
ngWtjw;fhf> controller system memoryy; Vw;fdNt
Nrkpj;J itf;fg;;gl;Ls;s fl;lisfspd; njhFg;Ng
canned cycle my;yJ fixed cycle vdg;gLk;.
 jpUk;g jpUk;g kw;Wk; nghJthf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;
machining operationfSf;F canned cyclefs;
gad;gLj;jg; gLfpd;wd.
28. Mention the syntax for threading cycle.
Syntax : G92 X_ Z_ F_
G92 – Thread cutting canned cycle
X, Z – Coordinate values; F – Feed rate (pitch of the thread)
29. Give the syntax for stock removal cycle.
Syntax : G71 U_ R_
G71 P_ Q_ U_ W_ F_
,jpy;>
G71= Stock removal cycle (or) Multiple turning canned cycle
U = xt;nthU passf;Fkhd depth of cut
R = Return passd; NghJ workpiecey; ,Ue;J tool tpyfpr;
nry;y Ntz;ba J}uk;
P = Machining nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba workpieced; gug;igf;
Fwpg;gpLk; Kjy; blockd; sequence number
Q = Machining nra;ag;gl Ntz;ba workpieced; gug;igf;
Fwpg;gpLk; filrp blockd; sequence number
U = X jpirapy; nfhLf;fg;gLk; finishing allowance
W = Z jpirapy; nfhLf;fg;gLk; finishing allowance
F = Feed rate
30. Mention the syntax for multiple threading cycle.
Syntax : G76 X_ Z_ A_ I_ K_ D_ F_
G76 = Multiple thread cutting canned cycle
X = Core diameter of the thread

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Z = Length of the thread

A = Angle of the thread
I = Thread taper (usually zero)
K = Total depth of the thread in microns
D = Depth of first cut in microns
F = Feed rate (pitch)

31. What is peck drilling?

Peck drillingf;F G74 code
gad; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. DrillI
workpiecey; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;ghd J}uj;jpy; epWj;jpa gpwF
drilling cycleI miof;f Ntz;Lk;. gpd;G drill MdJ
xt;nthU incremental depth msTf;Fk; drill nra;J gpd;G
chipI ntspNaw;Wtjw;F gpd;Ndhf;fp jpUk;g tUk;.
Programy; nfhLf;fg; gl;bUf;Fk; Z depth msT tiu ,J
jpUk;g jpUk;g eilngWk;.
32. Give the syntax for peck drilling cycle.
Syntax : G74 X_ Z_ K_ F_
G74 – Peck drilling canned cycle
X = Finish diameter
Z = Finish Z – depth
K = Peck depth
F = Feed
33. What is tool length compensation?
midj;J toolfSk; mjdjd; ,lj;jpy; nghUj;jg;gl;l
epiyapy; xU tool presetter %yk; mstplg; gLfpd;wd. xU
episahd datumj;jpw;Fk; toold; ePsj;jpw;Fk; ,ilaAs;s
NtWghL tool length compensation vdg;gLk;.
34. What is subprogram?
Sub program vd;gJ tof;fkhd part programIg; Nghd;w
midj;J mk;rq;fisAk; nfhz;l jdpahd program MFk;.
mbf;fb gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rpy operationfs; kw;Wk;
operationfspd; thpirfs; Mfpait xU jdpg;gl;l program
number cld; sub programfshf memoryy; Nrkpj;J
itf;fg;gLk;.

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35. What is the difference between subroutines and macros?

 Subroutinefs; xU Fwpg;gpl;l main program cld;
njhlh;Gila jw;fhypfkhd subprogamfs; MFk;.
 Macro vd;gJ controller memoryy; epue;jukhd Nrkpj;J
itf;ff; $ba sub programfs; MFk;. vdNt> ,tw;iw
ve;j programYk; mioj;J gad;gLj;jyhk;.
36. Give the syntax for subroutine calling.
Syntax : M98 Prrrnnnn
M98 – Subrouting calling
rrr- subroutine vj;jid Kiw jpUk;g jpUk;g nray;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;gijf; Fwpf;Fk; vz;
nnnn- nray;gLj;jg; gl Ntz;ba subroutined; milahs vz;
37. How macros are called in NC program?
Syntax : G65 P4322 A_ B_ C_ . . . . . .
P4322 miof;fg;gl Ntz;ba sub program number MFk;.
A, B, C Mfpait argumentfis epakpg;gjw;F gad;gLj;jg;
gLk; word addressfs; MFk;.
38. What is mirror imaging?
rkr;rPh; tbtk; nfhz;l ghfq;fSf;fhd part program
vOJk; NghJ> ngUk;ghyhd program blockfs; rpwpa
khWjy;fSld; jpUk;g jpUk;g tUk;. Mirror imaging
trjpiag; gad;gLj;jp ,e;j programfs; vspikahf;fg;
gLfpd;wd. Mirroring nra;Ak;NghJ> ve;j mr;irg; nghWj;J
mirroring nra;ag;gLfpwNjh me;j mr;irg; nghWj;j
midj;J msTfSk; sign khw;wk; nra;ag;gLfpwJ.
39. Define pocketing.
xU work pieced; rkjsg; gug;gpy; ,Ue;J Fwpg;gpl;l
Moj;jpw;F Njitahd tbtpy; metalI ntl;b ePf;Fk;
nray;Kiw pocketing or pocket milling vdg;gLk;.
40. What is Rapid Prototyping (RP)?
Subtractive my;yJ additive manufacturing njhopy;
El;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp jhdfNt nghUl;fis tpiue;J
cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; Kiwf;F rapid prototyping vd;W ngah;.

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41. What is subtractive manufacturing?

xU KOikahd solid blocky; ,Ue;J materialI gbg;gbahf
ntl;b ePf;Ftjd; %yk; Njitahd Kg;ghpkhd tbt
nghUl;fis cUthf;Fk; Kiw subtractive manufacturing
vdg;gLk;.
42. What is additive manufacturing?
Liquid, powder my;yJ nky;ypa sheet tbt nghUl;fis
layerfshf xd;wpd;kPJ xd;W mLf;fp> mtw;iw xd;whf
,izg;gjd; %yk; Njitahd Kg;ghpkhd tbt
nghUl;fis tpiuthf cUthf;Fk; Kiw additive
manufacturing vdg;gLk;.
43. List out the various prototyping technologies.
 Selective laser sintering (SLS)
 Fused deposition modelling (FDM)
 Stereolithography (SLA)
 Laminated object manufacturing (LOM)
 Electron beam melting (EBM)
 3D printing (3DP)
 Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)
44. List out the materials used in rapid prototyping.
Metal powders, Thermoplastics, Photopolymer, Paper,
Titanium alloys, etc.
45. List out the applications of rapid prototyping.
 Rapid manufacturing  Visualization
 Metal casting  Architecture
 Education  Geospatial
 Healthcare  Entertainment
 Retail  Biotechnology
 Jewelry  Footwear
 Industrial design  Automotive
 Aerospace  Archaeology
 Dental and medical industries
46. List out the advantages of rapid prototyping.
1) Designy; cs;s jtWfis vspjhf fz;lwpayhk;.

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2) Designy; khw;wj;ij vspjhf Vw;gLj;jyhk;.

3) nghUspd; cz;ikahd ,Wjp tbtj;ij mwpayhk;.
4) cw;gj;jjp Neuk; kw;Wk; nryT FiwT.
5) nghUspd; juk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.
6) User kw;Wk; designerf;F ,ilNa rpwe;j njhlh;G cUthFk;.
47. List out the advantages of Stereolithography.
 kpf mjpfkhd accuracy
 kpfr; rpwe;j surface finish
 cgfuzq;fspd; tpiy kw;w nray;Kiwfisf; fhl;bYk;
FiwT.
 vspa nray;Kiw.
 nghUl;fs; machining nra;tjw;F Vw;w fbdj;jd;ikAld;
,Uf;Fk;.
 Master patternfshf nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
48. List out the advantages of FDM.
 vspa kw;Wk; rj;jkpy;yhj nray;Kiw
 Ntfkhd nray;Kiw
 nghUl;fs; mjpf typik nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;.
 gy;NtW tifahd plasticIAk; gad;gLj;jyhk;.
 cw;gj;jp nryT FiwT.
49. Give the advantages of SLS.
 Supportfs; Njitg;gLtjpy;iy
 Final curing Njitapy;iy
 gy;NtW tifahd powderfisAk; %yg;nghUl;fshfg;
gad;gLj;jyhk;.
 rpf;fyhd tbtKs;s nghUl;fisAk; cw;gj;jp nra;a
KbAk;.
50. List out the advantages of 3D printing.
 ntt;NW materialfis cs;slf;fpa ve;j xU
nghUisAk; xNu processy; nra;ayhk;.
 rpf;fyhd Kg;ghpkhz tbtk; nfhz;l nghUl;fisAk;
vspjhf cUthf;fyhk;.
 nghUl;fis gy tz;zk; nfhz;ljhfTk; cUthf;fyhk;.
 kpf tpiuthd nray;Kiw MFk;.

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 Equipment tpiy FiwT.

 gad;gLj;JtJ vspJ.
51. Define rapid tooling.
Rapid prototype njhopy;El;gk; kw;Wk; tof;fkhd tooling
Kiwfisf; nfhz;L> mouldfis mjptpiuthf cw;gj;jp
nra;Ak; nray;Kiw Rapid Tooling (RT) vdg;gLk;.
52. List out the advantages of rapid tooling.
 Tooling Neuk; FiwT
 Fiwe;j nryT
 Design epiyapNyNa toold; nray;jpwid
Nrhjidaplyhk;.
 Designy; cs;s jtWfis vspjpy; rhp nra;ayhk;.
 rpf;fyhd tbtq;fisAk; cUthf;fyhk;.

Unit – IV
COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING,
FLEXIBILE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS,
AUTOMATIC GUIDED VEHICLE AND ROBOT
1. W
Define CIM.
CAD/CAM nray;ghLfs; kw;Wk; cw;gj;jpj; njhlh;ghd
midj;J tzpfr; nray;ghLfs; Mfpait mlq;fpaNj
Computer Integrated Manufacturing vdg;gLk;.
2. W
What is the concept of CIM?
xU epWtdj;jpd; cw;gj;jp njhlh;ghd midj;J nray;ghL
fisAk; computer system cjtpAld; xUq;fpizj;J>
mtw;iw Nkk;gLj;jp> midj;J nray;ghLfSk; jhdhfNt
Nkw;nfhs;sg; gLk; tifapy; nra;tNj CIMd; mbg;gil
Nehf;fk; MFk;.
3. W
What is CIM wheel?
CIM wheel vd;gJ xU CIM systemj;jpy; cs;s
nray;ghLfis Fwpg;gJ MFk;.

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4. W
List out the benefits of CIM.
1) Machined; gad;ghL mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
2) labourfspd; vz;zpf;if FiwfpwJ.
3) nghUspd; cw;gj;jp Neuk; FiwfpwJ.
4) In-process inventoryd; msT FiwfpwJ.
5) SchedulingI Njitf;Nfw;g khw;wp mikj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.
6) Scrap kw;Wk; rework FiwfpwJ.
7) njhopw;rhiyapd; jpwd; mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
8) ghJfhg;ghd #oy; Vw;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
5. W
What is integrated CAD/CAM?
CAD/CAM njhopy;El;gk; %yk; design kw;Wk; manufacturing
nray;ghLfs; xUq;fpizf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,JNt integrated
CAD/CAM vdg;gLk;.
6. W
What is FMS?
Flexible Manufacturing System (FMS) vd;gJ KOtJk;
jhdpaq;fp Kiwapy; ,aq;Fk; xU GT machine cell MFk;.
,jpy; gy machine toolfs;> automated material handling
kw;Wk; storage system Mfpait xd;Wld; xd;W ,izf;fg;
gl;L xU central computer %yk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
7. List out the components of FMS.
1) Processing stations or work stations
2) Material handling and storage system
3) Computer control system
4) Human labour
8. List out the various FMS layout configurations.
1) Inline layout 2) Loop layout 3) Ladder layout
4) Open field layout 5) Robot centered layout
9. State the difference between inline layout and loop layout?
 Inline layouty;> machinefs; kw;Wk; handling system
Mfpait xU Neh;f;Nfhl;by; mikf;fg; gl;bUf;Fk;.
 Loop layouty;> tl;l tbt (loop) ghijapy; work
stationfs; mikf;fg;gl;L> mNj tbtpy; mikf;fg;gl;l
part transport system %yk; work part ifahsg;gLfpwJ.

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10. How FMS is classified?

1) Flexible turning cell (FTC)
2) Flexible Manufacturing Cell (FMC)
3) Flexible Transfer Line (FTL)
4) Flexible Machining System (FMS)
11. What is flexible turning cell?
,J xU CNC turning centre kw;Wk; xU parts storage system
Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;lJ MFk;.
12. What is flexible manufacturing cell?
,e;j mikg;ghdJ> automatic material handling kw;Wk;
automatic tool changer trjpfSld; $ba ,uz;L my;yJ
%d;W CNC machinefisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
13. What are the applications of FMS?
1) Machining operations such as milling, turning, drilling, etc.
2) Assembly of parts 3) Sheet metal press working
4) ForgingWelding 5) Inspection and testing
14. List out the benefits of FMS.
1) Machined; gad;ghL mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
2) Njitahd machinefspd; vz;zpf;if FiwfpwJ.
3) kdpjh;fspd; jiyaPL FiwfpwJ.
4) Work-in-process inventory FiwfpwJ.
5) Manufacturing lead time FiwfpwJ.
6) Manufacturing control Nkk;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
7) nghUspd; juk; Nkk;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ. Scrap FiwfpwJ.
8) Njitahd floor space FiwfpwJ.
15. What is intelligent manufacturing?
ComputerI mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l Artificial Intelligence
(AI) El;gq;fis gad;gLj;jp nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tNj
Intelligence Manufacturing System vdg;gLk;.
16. Define Artificial Intelligence (AI)?
nghJthf kdpj mwpNthL njhlh;Gila nray;fis
nra;aty;y xU rhjdj;jpd; jpwd; Artificial Intelligence

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vdg;gLk;. Reasoning, planning kw;Wk; problem solving

Mfpait ,j;jifa nray;ghLfspy; mlq;Fk;.
17. What is an expert system?
Expert system vd;gJ> Fwpg;gpl;l gpur;rpidia jPh;f;Fk;
Jiwapy;> xU expertIg; Nghd;w nray;ghl;Lj; jpwd; nfhz;l
computer program MFk;.
18. Define AGV?
Automated guided vehicle vd;gJ
xU material handling
cgfudk; MFk;. ,J jdpahf ,af;fg;gl;L> factory floord;
kPJ tiuaWf;fg;gl;l xU ghijapy; nry;YkhW top
elj;jg;gLfpwJ.
19. List out the components in AGV.
1) Vehicle guidance system 2) Vehicle routing system
3) Traffic control system
20. Mention the technologies used for guidance in AGV.
 Guide wire method
 Paint strip method
 Self guided vehicles
21. List out the types of AGV.
1) Towing vehicles 2) Unit load carriers
3) Pallet trucks 4) Fork trucks
5) Light load vehicles 6) Assembly line vehicles
22. List out the applications of AGV.
1) Driverless train operations 2) Storage and distribution
3) Assembly line application 4) Flexible manufacturing system
5) Office mail delivery 6) Hospital material transport
23. List out the benefits of AGV.
1) Dispatching, tracking kw;Wk; monitoring rpwg;ghf
fl;Lg;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ.
2) njhopw;rhiyapd; tsq;fis gadspfj;jf;f Kiwapy;
gad;gLj;j ,aYk;.
3) nghUl;fspd; efh;it rpwg;ghf fl;Lg;gLj;j ,aYk;.
4) nghUl;fspy; ghjpg;G Vw;gLtJ jtph;f;fg; gLfpwJ.

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5) nghUl;fspd; efUk; ghijia vspjhf khw;wyhk;.

6) Location kw;Wk; positional accuracy mjpfk;.
7) Njitahd floor space Fiwf;fg; gLfpwJ.
8) Work-in-process inventory Fiwf;fg; gLfpwJ.
24. Define robot.
Robot vd;gJ gy;NtW tifg;gl;l nray;fis Nkw;nfhs;
tjw;fhf> nghUl;fs;> ghfq;fs;> toolfs; my;yJ ,ju rpwg;G
tif rhjdq;fis efh;j;Jtjw;nfd tbtikf;fg;gl;l> gy
nray;fis nra;aty;y xU manipulator MFk;.
25. What are the basic elements in robot?
1) Base 2) Manipulator 3) End effectors
4) Actuators 5) Transmission elements 6) Control system
7) Sensors 8) Interfaces
26. What are end effectors?
End effoector vd;gJ robot wrist cld; ,izf;fg;
gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;j end effector xU gripper MfNth tool
MfNth ,Uf;fyhk;.
27. List out the various robot configurations.
 Polar coordinate configuration
 Cylindrical coordinate configuration
 Cartesian coordinate configuration
 Jointed arm configuration
 SCARA (Selective Compliance Assembly Robot Arm) configuration
28. Mention the various robot motions.
1) Vertical traverse 2) Radial traverse 3) Rotational traverse
4) Wrist swivel 5) Wrist bend 6) Wrist yaw
29. Mention the methods of robot programming.
1) Manual method 2) Walkthrough method
3) Leadthrough method 4) Off-line programming
30. List out the advantages of off-line programming.
 Robotf;F fw;Wf; nfhLg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; Neu ,og;G
jtph;f;fg; gLfpwJ.

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 Robot NtnwhU Ntiyia nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;NghNj

off-line programming nra;a ,aYk;.
 Robot kw;Wk; mjd; cgfuzq;fspd; gad;ghL
mjpfhpf;fpwJ.
 CAD / CAM database kw;Wk; jfty; ikaj;Jld; robotI
xUq;fpizf;f KbAk;.
31. List out the various robot sensors.
1) Vision sensors 2) Tactile sensors
3) proximity sensors 4) Voice sensors
32. What are the uses of vision sensors?
 Conveyory; ,Ue;J ghfq;fis fz;lwpe;J vLf;fpwJ.
 xU Fwpg;gpl;l ghfj;ij milahsk; fz;lwpfpwJ.
 nghUl;fis NrhjidapLfpwJ.
 Assemly nray;ghLfspy; rhpahd alignmentf;F cjTfpwJ.
33. What are the uses of tactile and proximity sensors?
 Assembly kw;Wk; inspection nray;ghLfspy; Tactile
sensorfs; gad;gLfpd;wd.
 xU nghUshdJ kw;nwhU nghUSf;F mUfpy;
cs;sjhf vd;gij czh;tjw;F proximity sensorfs;
cjTfpd;wd.
34. What are the types of grippers used as end effectors?
1) Mechanical grippers 2) Vacuum grippers
3) Magnetic grippers 4) Expanding grippers
5) Adhesive gripper 6) Hook gripper
35. List out the tools used as end effectors in robot.
Spot welding gun, arc welding tool, spray painting gun,
rotating spindle for drilling, grinding, and similar operations,
assembly tool, heating torch, ladle, water jet cutting tool, etc.

36. List out the characteristics of robot applications.

 mghafukhd Ntiyfs;
 xNu Ntiyia jpUk;g jpUk;g nra;jy;
 ifahsf; fbdkhd Ntiyfs;
 Multishift Ntiyfs;
 mbf;fb khwhj Ntiyr; #oy;
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37. List out the industrial applications of robot.

1) Material transfer 2) Machine loading 3) Welding
4) Spray coating 6) Assembly 6) Inspection

Unit – V
CONCURRENT ENGINEERING,
QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT,
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT CYCLE,
AND AUGMENTED REALITY
1. W
Define sequential engineering.
Sequential engineering vd;gJ>nghUl;fis tbtij;jy;>
cw;gj;jp nray;Kiwfis cUthf;Fjy;> quality kw;Wk;
testing nray;Kiwfis eph;zapj;jy; Mfpait xd;wd; gpd;
xd;whf eilngWk; xU goikahd eilKiw MFk;.
2. W
Define concurrent engineering.
xd;wpize;J nrayhw;Wk; xU FOtpidf; nfhz;L> nghUis
cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; nray;Kiwfis Nkk;gLj;Jk; xU etPd
KiwNa concurrent engineering MFk;.
3. W
What is the need of concurrent engineering?
 ngUfp tUk; cyfshtpa Nghl;b.
 mbf;fb khWfpd;w Efh;Nthhpd; Njitfs;.
 nghUspd; FWfpa MAl;fhyk;.
 Ntfkhf tsh;e;J tUk; Gjpa kw;Wk; etPd
njhopy;El;gq;fs;.
4. W
List out the benefits of concurrent engineering.
1) kpfr;rpwe;j design ngwg;gLfpwJ.
2) Designy; cs;s gpiofis vspjpy; fz;lwpe;J rhp nra;ayhk;.
3) nghUis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Neuk; FiwT.
4) Fiwthd cw;gj;jp nryT.
5) mjpf cw;gj;jp tPjk;.
6) nghUspd; juk; Nkk;gLj;jg;gLk;.

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7) nghUspd; ek;gfj;jd;ik Nkk;gLk;

8) thbf;ifahsh; - tpw;gidahsh; cwT Nkk;gLk;.
5. W
Define Quality Function Deployment (QFD) ?
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) vd;gJ> xU nghUis
cUthf;Ftjw;fhd midj;J epiyfspYk;> thbf;if
ahsh;fspd; Njitfis mg;nghUspd; gz;Gfshf khw;wp
mikf;Fk; xU nray;Kiw MFk;.
6. W
What are the phases in QFD?
1) Product planning 2) Product design
3) Process design 4) Process control
7. What is House of Quality (HOQ) ?
House of Quality (HOQ) vd;gJ thbf;ifahshpd; Njitfs;
kw;Wk; nghUspd; nray;jpwd;fs; Mfptw;wpw;F ,ilNaAs;s
njhlh;gpid tpsf;Fk; xU glk; MFk;.
8. List out the advantages of QFD.
 thbf;ifahsh; - tpw;gidahsh; cwT Nkk;gLk;.
 ,ilg;gl;l tbtikg;G khw;wq;fs; FiwAk;.
 nghUis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd nryT FiwAk;.
 Gjpa nghUis tbtikg;gjw;fhd Neuk; FiwAk;.
 Team workI Nkk;gLj;Jk;.
 nghUspd; juk; Nkk;gLk;.
 Rejection kw;Wk; rework FiwAk;.
 tpw;gid mjpfhpf;Fk;.
9. What is Failure Modes and Effects Analysis?
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) vd;gJ
nraypog;Gf;F rhj;jpakhd fhuzpfs;> nghUspd;
nray;ghl;by; mtw;wpd; tpisTs;; kw;Wk; nraypog;ig
Kd;$l;bNa jtph;g;gjw;fhd eilKiwfs; Mfpatw;iw
fz;lwpa cjTk; nray;Kiw MFk;.
10. When to use FMEA?
 Gjpa nghUl;fis cUthf;Fk;NghJ
 xU nghUspy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F Kd;G
 xU nghUspy; Fiwia fz;lwpe;j gpd;G
 Gjpa nfhs;iffis mwpKfg;gLj;Jk;NghJ
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 thbf;ifahsh;fsplk; ,Ue;j mjpf Gfhh;fs; tUk;NghJ

 tpw;gidf;F gpd;ghd nryT tof;fj;ij tpl mjpfkhf
,Uf;Fk;NghJ
11. What is RPN?
RPN vd;gJ Risk Priority NumberIf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,J failure
modefis thpirg;gLj;j FMEAy; gad;gLfpwJ.
RPN = (Severity) x (Probability) x (Detection).

12. List out the benefits of FMEA.

 nghUspd; ek;gfj;jd;ik kw;Wk; juk; Nkk;gLk;.
 thbf;ifahshpd; jpUg;jp Nkk;;gLk;.
 Team workI Nkk;gLj;Jk;.
 nghUspd; cw;gj;jp Neuk; kw;Wk; nryT FiwAk;.
 nghUspd; tbtikg;G khw;wk; kw;Wk; mJ njhlh;ghd
nryT FiwAk;.
 Failure kw;Wk; warranty nryTfs; FiwAk;.
 epWtdj;jpd ,yhgk; mjpfhpf;Fk;.
13. Define value engineering.
Value engineering (VE) vd;gJ xU nghUis tbtikf;Fk;
NghJ mjd; kjpg;ig (value) Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; Kiwahd mZFKiw MFk;.
14. Define value.
xU nghUspd; kjpg;ghdJ mjd; nray;ghL kw;Wk; tpiy
Mfpatw;wpw;F ,ilNaahd tpfpjk; MFk;. vdNt> xU
nghUspd; nray;ghl;il Nkk;gLj;JtJ my;yJ tpiyia
Fiwg;gjd; %yk; mjd; kjpg;ig mjpfhpf;fyhk;.
15. List out the types of values?
1) Cost value 2) Use value 3) Esteem value
4) Exchange value 5) Time value 6) Place value

16. Mention any two techniques used for identification of

poor value areas.

1) Value tests 2) Function – cost matrix approach

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17. List out the benefits of value engineering.

1) xU nghUSf;fhd nryT FiwAk;.
2) nghUspd; nray;ghl;L tPjk; Nkk;gLk;.
3) nghUspd; juk; Nkk;gLk;.
4) cw;gj;jp nryT FiwAk;.
5) nghUs; tPzhtJ jtph;f;fg;gLk;.
6) FO czh;T kw;Wk; xOf;fk; Nkk;gLk;.
7) thbf;ifahsh; - tpw;gidahsh; cwT Nkk;gLk;.
8) xU nghUspy; cs;s ghfq;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwAk;.

18. Define DFMA.

xU nghUspd; tbtikg;G kw;Wk; cw;gj;jp nray;Kiwia
vspikahf;fp nryitf; Fiwf;Fk; topKiwfis
fz;lwpAk; KiwNa DFMA vdg;gLk;.
19. List out the benefits of DFMA.
1) xU nghUspy; cs;s ghfq;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwAk;.
2) nghUspd; juk; Nkk;gLk;.
3) cw;gj;jp nryT kw;Wk; Neuk; FiwAk;.
4) nghUs; tPzhtJ jtph;f;fg;gLk;.
5) FO czh;T kw;Wk; xOf;fk; Nkk;gLk;.

20. Mention the activities in product development cycle?

1) Developing product concept 2) Designing the product

3) Planning 4) Manufacturing the part
5) Marketing 6) Servicing
21. List out the stages in product life cycle.

1) Introduction 2) Growth 3) Maturity 4) Decline

22. Liast out the stages in new product development
process.

1) Idea generation 2) Idea screening

3) Concept testing 4) Business analysis
5) Product development 6) Test marketing
7) Commercialization

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23. What is Augmented Reality?

Augmented reality (AR) vd;gJ gadhshpd; cz;ikahd
#oypd; kPJ computer %yk; cUthf;fg;gl;l cs;sPLfis
nghUj;Jk; njhopy;El;gk; MFk;. ,k;Kiwapy;> graphics,
sound kw;Wk; touch feedback Mfpait ,aw;if #oYld;
nghUj;jg;gLfpwJ.
24. List out the display devices used in AR.

Head-mounted display, eyeglasses, Google Glass, HoloLens,

Contact lenses, Virtual retinal display.
25. What are the software used in AR?
glj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; nghUspd; ,lk; kw;Wk; Njhw;wj;ij
tpthpg;gjw;F Augmented Reality Markup Language (ARML)
vd;w data standard gad;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ. CloudRidAR,
ARToolKit, Mobinett AR, Wikitude, kw;Wk; Meta Nghd;w
software development kitfSk; gad;ghl;by; cs;sd.

26. List out the important fields of application of AR.

1) Architecture 2) Visual art 3) Education

4) Video games 5) Industrial design 6) Medical
7) Military 8) Broadcast

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