RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Overview of the chapter

This study was conducted in order to assess the discrimination towards

gender among seafarers. To be able to gather the necessary data, the researcher

utilized the descriptive method, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches.

Herein, the chosen responded were randomly selected from various students of

maritime department in UCLM. The survey methods were the research instruments

used for the data-gathering.

The students of the maritime department in UCLM who have been chosen in

this study accomplished a survey questionnaire to evaluate the discrimination

towards gender among seafarers. The results of the survey were then processed by

computing the weighted mean of each survey item. The computed values were

compared to the Likert scale for data interpretation. Relevant literatures were also

used to support the gathered findings.

The credibility of findings and conclusions extensively depend on the

quality of the research design, data collection, data management, and data

analysis. This chapter will be dedicated to the description of the methods and

procedures done in order to obtain the data, how they will be analysed, interpreted,

and how the conclusion will be met. This section is to justify the means in which

the study was obtained and will help in giving it purpose and strength as it will
then be truthful and analytical. All these will help in the processing of the data and

the formulation of conclusions.

Research design

This study utilized the descriptive method of research. As widely

accepted, the descriptive method of research is a fact-finding study that involves

adequate and accurate interpretation of findings. Descriptive research describes a

certain present condition. The technique that was used under descriptive method is

the normative survey approach and evaluation, which is commonly used to explore

opinions according to respondents that can represent a whole population. The

survey is appropriate in this study because it enables the researcher in formulation

of generalizations. Specifically, two types of direct-data survey are included in this

study. These are questionnaire survey and interviews. Interviews with researchers,

venture capital practitioners, and other colleagues in the academy were conducted

to provide further insight about the results of the survey. The direct-data type of

survey is a reliable source of first-hand information because the researcher directly

interacts with the participants. The questionnaire survey respondents were given

ample time to assess the discrimination towards gender among seafarers.

The purpose of employing the descriptive method is to describe the nature of

a condition, as it takes place during the time of the study and to explore the cause

or causes of a particular condition. The researcher opted to use this kind of

research considering the desire to acquire first hand data from the respondents so

as to formulate rational and sound conclusions and recommendations for the study.

Research Respondents

The participants of the study are College students under Bachelor of

Science Marine Transportation (BSMT) who are enrolled in University of Cebu

Lapu-Lapu and Mandaue of the school year 2017-2018. The said respondents were

the persons directly giving accurate and valid information to the researchers

considering the honesty of the respondents in answering the questionnaires that

were given to them during the data collection.

Research Environment

The locale of this study was University of Cebu Lapu-lapu and Mandaue.

This is a non-sectarian school that was established on May 21, 1995 located in

A.C. Cortes Avenue, Looc, Mandaue City. This university currently has ten

departments namely: College of Maritime Engineering, College of Marine

Transportation, College of Business and Accountancy, College of Allied

Engineering, College of Customs Administration, College of Hotel and Restaurant

Management, College of Nursing, and College of Teacher Education, Basic

Education- Junior High School, Basic Education- Senior High School. The data
gathering will specifically take place in the Maritime building where all the

selected sections of the Maritime students are located. The University of Cebu

Lapu-lapu and Mandaue is known for its leading expertise of giving quality

education in the Maritime field with its Norwegian Shipowners' Association (NSA)

Philippines Cadet Program known to be the most outstanding and promising

program of the Association of Shipowners' Training and Education Project (ASO-

ATEP) in the Philippines.

Research Instrument

The instrument that will be used by the researchers to gather data is

triangulation through survey, interview, and focus group discussion. Triangulation

can be used in both quantitative and qualitative studies. According to Avilla

(2006), triangulation makes the qualitative data valid and accurate. The data that

the researchers will gather will come from three perspectives — survey, interview,

and focus group discussion.

In survey research, the researchers will select a sample of respondents from

a population and will give survey forms to those who will voluntarily

participate. It consists of questions related to the factors that affect a person’s

career indecision and expected to give relevant information that will contribute
 to this research. Simple survey form and close-ended questions were used in

which the former allows the subjects to express how much they agree or

disagree to a particular statement and the latter are questions answerable by (D)

Disagree, (SD) Strongly Disagree, (A) Agree, (SA) Strongly Agree.

On the other hand, interview is a verbal conversation between the researcher

and participants with the objective of obtaining important information for the

purpose of research. Interviews are particularly useful for getting the story behind a

participant’s experiences (McNamara, 1999). Lastly, focus group discussion is

gathering people with the same backgrounds together to discuss a certain topic. It

can be used to explore the meanings of survey findings that cannot be explained

statistically (Odi, 2009).

Research Procedure

A letter of permission to conduct the research and use pertinent data was

made and submitted to the principal of the Senior High School Department.

After, the participants were given a survey form to gather data about the factors

affecting the students’ decisions in pursuing accountancy program. Then, the

researchers conducted a short interview to the participants and asked some

questions related to gender discrimination and as well as conducted a focus group

discussion as verification if the participants truly understand the questions given to

them. Lastly, the answered survey forms were gathered and the information

obtained from the participants through interview and focus group discussion was

noted.

Statistical Treatment

The Likert scale was used to interpret items in the questionnaire. These

responses were based on the respondents' asses on gender discrimination. There

were instances that the respondents were asked to rate the effectiveness of

implementing the phases in the investment process. The range and interpretation of

the five-point scale are shown in Table 2.

Table 2
The Five-point Likert Scale

Scale Range Interpretation

4 4.01 – 5.00 Strongly Agree

3 3.01 – 4.00 Agree

2 1.01 – 2.00 Strongly Disagree

1 0.01 – 1.00 Disagree

Weighted mean was used to measure the general response of the survey
samples, whether they agree to a given statement or not.
 The formula in computing weighted mean is as follows:
Where: f – weight given to each response
x – Number of responses
xt – total number of responses
The survey result was analysed with the use of statistical approach and Microsoft
Excel spread sheets.

Research Procedure

The topic of the study was chosen from several options the researchers

made. The researchers chose this topic by considering their interest on the topic,

time factor and also with the suggestion and approval of the instructors.
 APPENDIX A
TRANSMITTAL LETTER
October, 2017

Capt. Efren G. Caballes

Chariperson, BSMT Department
University of Cebu Lapu-lapu and Mandaue

Sir:
We, the BSMT 3rd year students are currently pursuing a research study entitled
“Gender Inequality of Seafarers on Board”.

In this connection, we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow
our research team to conduct a survey in your department. We will be distributing
questionnaires to students from your department as our respondents. We will
assure you that all the data gathered in this survey shall be treated with utmost
confidentiality.

We are hoping for your kind and favorable response regarding this matter.

Thank you very much.

Noted by:

(Name of Adviser)

Mr. Beem Fabriga

 APPENDIX B

Evaluation Questionnaire

Name: Date:

Section: Age: Gender:

Please rate the following that may be the reasons of Gender Discrimination

among seafarers onboard.

Below are the statements, Check whether you

1. (D) Disagree,

2. (SD) Strongly Disagree,

3. (A) Agree,

4. (SA) Strongly Agree,

Statement A SA D SD

Sexism

Lack of Qualifications
Favoritism

Reliability

Sufficiency

Satisfactory

Mentality

Dedication to work

Body structure

Decision making

Work performance

Worth to the organization

Durability
Job experience

Men are more suited to the job

Characteristics

Capabilities
 APPENDIX C
MAP OF THE RESEARCH ENVIRONMENT
 APPENDIX D
TIME TABLE

DATE DESCRIPTION

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

THE PROBLEM

PROPASAL DEFENSE

FINAL DEFENSE
 APPENDIX E
RESEARCH BUDGET

EXPENSES AMOUNT

MANUSCRIPT AND SUPPLIES

- PRINTING
- XEROX

MISCELLANEOUS