STONE

1. Is an aggregate or combination of materials, each of which is composed of inorganic chemical substances.

2. Is formed by the crystallization of molten magma.
3. Has undergone a change in structure, texture, or composition due to the natural agencies, as heat, pressure, specially
when the rock becomes harder and more crystalline.
4. Formed by clay, dark blue, with faint shades of green.
5. Igneous origin, hard, strong, durable, and capable of taking high pressure polish. Used for flooring, wall paneling, column,
mullion facing, stair threads and flagstone.
6. Sedimentary rock like dolomite, no cleavage lines, low in absorption, smooth, uniform in structure and composition. High
compressive and tensile strength. Used for wall and floor surfaces.
7. Sedimentary rock, pleasing texture with small natural pockets on a cut surface. Used for interior decorative stone.
8. Metamorphic rock, are crystallized limestone forming into carrara, parsian, onyx and Vermont. Used for flooring, wall and
column facing.
9. Igneous with mineral serpentine. Typically olive green to greenish black but impurities may color the rock. Used only to
interiors due to weathering.
10. Class of rock cemented silica grains with texture ranging from very fine to very coarse. Colors may vary from buff, red, and
light brown.
11. Metamorphosis of clays and shale’s deposited in layers. May be separated into thin, though sheets, called slates.
12. Stone delivered from the quarries, rough, undressed shape.
13. Stone cut into specific size, squared to dimensions, and to specific thickness
14. Masonry of rough, undressed stones.
15. Stones fitted together at random without any attempt to lay them in course
16. Squared stones in regular courses, in contradistinction to rubble work
17. Uniform courses with stones uniform in size.
18. Course laid with the horizontal joints uninterrupted but the width of the course and the length of the stones are varied to
produce a wall with a less regular pattern.
19. Their rectangular shape and are laid on horizontal beds but no effort is made to continue the horizontal beds through in an
uninterrupted manner. Large stones combine with small ones in a convenient and if possible, an interesting manner.
20. Courses of stone face which is jagged, so as to present a rough surface.
21. Occurs when heavier stones or areas of stone project from the normal face of the surrounding wall of the joint themselves.

WOOD

22. Has certain properties that make it an attractive building material i.e. natural warmth, workability, infinite variety, flexibility,
fire protection, color.
23. Classification of wood that came from conifers, which have needles instead of leaves e.g. pine.
24. Classification of wood that come from the broad leaved or deciduous trees. Most Philippine timber are most of the latter
kind.
25. STRUCTURES OF WOOD. Is softer, younger outer portion of a tree that lies between the cambium and the heartwood. It
is more permeable, less durable and usually lighter in color than the heartwood. The portion of the log near the periphery
which is generally lighter in color than the central portion.
26. STRUCTURES OF WOOD. The older, the harder central portion of the tree. Usually contains deposits of various materials
that frequently give it a darker color of the sapwood. Is denser, less permeable and more durable than the surrounding
sapwood.
27. WOOD DEFECTS. Cased by the attack of fungi.
28. WOOD DEFECTS. Cracks or lengthwise separation across the annual rings of growth caused by irregular shrinkage
during drying. They are formed when the circumference shrinks more than the interior section of the log.
29. WOOD DEFECTS. These are cracks between and parallel to the annual rings of the growth.
30. WOOD DEFECTS. These are irregular growths in the body of a tree which interrupt the smooth curve of the grain. The
fibers of the tree are turned from their normal course and grow around the knot at that point of the tree.
31. WOOD DEFECTS. These are well defined openings between annual rings containing solid or liquid pith.
32. WOOD DEFECTS. This is the lack of wood on the edge of the corner of the piece.
33. WOOD DEFECTS. Any variation with the plane surface of the piece caused by unequal shrinkage of the board.
34. SEVERAL FORMS OF WARP. A distortion of the board in which the edge us convex or concave longitudinal.
35. SEVERAL FORMS OF WARP. A distortion of the board in which the face is convex or concave longitudinal.
36. SEVERAL FORMS OF WARP. A distortion of the board in which the face is convex or concave across the board.
37. SEVERAL FORMS OF WARP. A distortion of the board in which one corner is raised.
38. Refers to a lumber cut tangent to the annual rings or growth or in commercial practice, cut with annual rings at an angle
zero to 45 degrees.
39. Refers to wood cut radially to the annual rings of growth parallel to the rays or in commercial practice, cut with the annual
growth rings at an angle 45 degrees to ninety degrees.
40. Is classified by its size or dimensions measured in inches, for example, a piece of lumber measuring 2 inches by 4 inches
is called by 2 x 4.
41. Lumber less than 2” thick and less than 8” wide.
42. Pieces less than 2” thick and at least 8” wide.
43. Pieces more than 2” and less than 5” in any dimension.
44. Pieces 5” or more on the smallest dimension.
45. When all free water is removed but all absorbed water remain, the so called fiber saturation point. Approximately
moisture content in all species is reached.
46.