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Hanqi Zhang
Vice Executive Secretary General of China DTV Council
Background of this field
Tuner plays very important role in the DTV STB or iDTV. Some of the
parameters such as C/N or sensitivity were decided by the quality of the
TUNER.
In the Full-NIM or the Half-NIM era, there are too many discrete electronic
components and the parameters should be adjusted by stirring the inductors.
IF 32MHz~44MHz
Parameters
No. Items Unit
VHF UHF
48.5~92; 167~223;
1 Input Frequency Range MHz
470~566; 606~870
2 Coverage Margin MHz ≥2
4MHz; -4MHz ≥3
a 4.5MHz; -4.5MHz
Out-band Attenuation ≥15
3 Amplitude-Frequency Characteristic dB
5MHz; -5MHz ≥32
In-band Flatness (±3.78MHz) ≤2
4 Total Power Gain dB ≥85
5 Difference of Power Gain dB ≤8
6 Control Range of AGC dB ≥85
7 Noise Figure dB ≤5.5
8 Maximum Input Signal Level dBμV ≥100
9 Image Rejection Ratio dB ≥60
1kHz ≤-70
10 Phase Noise 10kHz dBc ≤-85
100kHz ≤-95
11 Input Reflection Loss dB ≥5
12 Max. Output Level of IF Vp-p ≥2
13 Frequency Offset of IF kHz ±1
a-taking the central frequent point as the basic frequency and the basic voltage point as the 0 volt. See diagram 1.
Technical Requirements
Diagram 1: Out-band Attenuation
Measurement Instruments
No. Devices Requirements
Single frequency signals with variable amplitude and
1 Standard Signal Generator
variable frequency can be generated
2 Frequency Meter Single frequency signals can be measured
3 Frequency Sweeping Signal Generator Frequency sweeping signals can be generated
4 Network Analyzer Reflection loss can be measured
5 Frequency Analyzer Signal frequency spectrum can be measured
6 Noise Factor Tester Noise Factor can be measured
Measurement Method
Receiving Frequency Range
1. Adjust the output frequency of the standard signal generator to the central
frequency of the lowest-frequency channel of the operating UHF frequency
band and the output electrical level to the standard RF signal.
2. Adjust the tuning control of the tuner and make the frequency meter show the
intermediate frequency.
2. Adjust the tuning control of the tuner and make the frequency meter show the
intermediate frequency.
3. Adjust the output frequency of the standard signal generator to be 2 MHz higher
than the central frequency of the highest-frequency channels of the operating
frequency band and the output electrical level to the standard RF signal level.
4. Repeat step 2.
Measurement Method
Amplitude-Frequency Characteristic
2. Adjust the tuner to work on the tested channel and then modulate the tuner properly.
3. Adjust the sweep width and the output amplitude of the frequency sweeping signal
generator and make the monitor present the appropriate waveform.
4. Set the electrical level of the IF central frequency as 0 dB and record the decibel
value of the electrical level at the measured point as the out-band attenuation value.
Measurement Method
Notes of the measurement steps(In-band Flatness):
1. Adjust the frequency sweeping signal generator to generate RF frequency
sweeping signals of which the frequency is the central frequency of the
channel to be tested and the output voltage is the standard RF signal level.
2. Adjust the tuner to work on the tested channel and then modulate the tuner
properly.
3. Adjust the sweep width and the output amplitude of the frequency sweeping
signal generator and make the monitor present the appropriate waveform.
4. Set the central frequency as the intermediate frequency, take the electrical
level of the in-band highest-amplitude point of ±3.78 MHz bandwidth as A
dBμV and that of the lowest-amplitude point as B dBμV.
1. Adjust the output frequency of the standard signal generator to the central
frequency of the tested channels and the output electrical level to the standard RF
signal level.
2. Adjust the tuner working on the tested channel, and the RF.AGC and the IF.AGC
are set to be the nominal value regulated by the product specification.
3. Gradually lower the output level of the standard signal generator till the tuner
output level B dBμV and the generator electrical level A dBμV are synchronously
lowered with 1 dB as the step length (AGC disabled).
2. Identify the channel of the highest power gain and denote its power gain as A dB.
3. Identify the channel of the lowest power gain and denote its power gain as B dB.
2. Set the RF.AGC voltage to the maximum value regulated by the product specification.
3. Gradually lower the output level of the standard signal generator till the tuner output
level B dBμV and the generator electrical level A dBμV are synchronously lowered
with 1 dB as the step length (AGC disabled).
4. Then set the RF.AGC voltage to the minimum value regulated by the product
specification and record the IF output level as C dBμV.
2. Set the IF.AGC voltage to the maximum value regulated by the product specification.
3. Gradually lower the output level of the standard signal generator till the tuner output
level B dBμV and the generator electrical level A dBμV are synchronously lowered
with 1 dB as the step length (AGC disabled).
4. Then set the IF.AGC voltage to the minimum value regulated by the product
specification and record the IF output level as C dBμV.
1. Adjust the tuner to work on the tested channel. The RF.AGC and the IF.AGC are
set to be the nominal value regulated by the product specification.
3. Increase the output of the standard signal generator and modulate the control
voltage of RF.AGC and IF.AGC. The input signal level of the tuner is the maximum
input signal level in case that the tuner input level increases by 2 dB while its output
level only increases by 1.5 dB.
Measurement Method
Image Rejection Ratio:
Standard Signal
Generator 1
Mixer
RF.IN RF.OUT Spectrum
Tuner
Analyzer
Standard Signal
Generator 2
2. Set the tuner to work on the tested channel and modulate the tuner properly.
3. Record frequency signal level A dBμV in the spectrum analyzer and noise level B
dBμV under 1 kHz frequency deviation at this time.
5. Repeat step 3 and 4 to measure the phase noise at the frequency deviations of
10kHz and 100 kHz.
Measurement Method
Input Reflection Loss:
RF.IN
Network Analyzer Tuner
1. Adjust the network analyzer, fix the scanning frequency band of the analyzer to be
40 MHz~1 GHz and then select the reflection loss test.
2. Record the value of the strongest reflection point in the entire operating frequency
band.
Results of Conformance Test
The conformance test is conducted by Chinese National Digital Video, Audio and
Multimedia Products Quality Supervision and Inspection Center.
Up to June of 2015, there are 14 kinds of the silicon tuners and demodulators
passing the conformance test. From June, 2015 to May, 2016, another 10
combinations have passed the test.