PAINT D E

eF C T S
&
IT’S CURE
1) DEFECTS IN THE LIQUID PAINT

2) DEFECTS DURING APPLICATION

3) DEFECTS DURING DRYING/CURING

4) DEFECTS IN THE DRY FILM

1) DEFECTS IN THE LIQUID PAINT

A) SKINNING
B) SETTLING
C) MEDIUM SEPARATION
D) GASSING
E) VISCOSITY PICKUP/STORAGE STABILITY
 SKINNING

THE FORMATION OF A TOUGH

TOUGH, SKIN
SKIN-LIKE
LIKE COVERING ON LIQUID PAINTS
AND VARNISHES EXPOSED TO AIR.
INSOLUBLE SKIN APPEARS ON THE PAINT SURFACE.

CAUSE: DUE TO OXIDATION AND POLYMERISATION OF THE MEDIUM AT

THE AIR-LIQUID INTERFACE

LOOSE LID OF THE CONTAINER.

HIGH DOSAGE OF SURFACE DRIER

CURE: ANTI-SKINNING AGENT (ANTI OXIDANT )TO BE ADDED.

ADJUSTMENT OF HIGH BOILING SOLVENT

 SETTLING
SEPARATION OF PAINT IN A CONTAINER IN WHICH THE PIGMENT AND
OTHER DENSE INSOLUBLE MATERIALS ACCUMULATE AND AGGREGATE AT
THE BOTTOM
BOTTOM.

CAUSE: LARGE DIFFERENCE IN SG BETWEEN PIGMENT & BINDER.

LARGE PARTICLE SIZE OF PIGMENT.
IMPROPER WETTING & DISPERSING AGENT (SURFACTANT)
INADEQUATE THIXOTROPY OF THE PAINT
VERY LOW VISCOSITY OF THE PAINT
INCOMPATABILITY OF THE RESIN COMBINATION

CURE: PROPER ADDITION OF WETTING AND DISPERSING AGENT.

PROPER GRINDING TIME.
ADDITION OF ANTI SETTLING AGENTS OR THIXOTROPIC AGENT
ADDITION OF PEPTISING AGENT
 MEDIUM SEPARATION

TOP PART OF THE CONENTS OF A CONTAINER BECOME TOTALLY

DEVOID OF THE PIGMENTARY PARTICLES. CLEAR MEDIUM SHOWS AT
THE TOP OF CONTAINER.

CAUSE: HIGH DOSAGE OF WETTING AND DISPERSING AGENT.

EXCESS GRINDING OF PAINT.
PAINT

CURE: PROPER ADDITION OF WETTING AND DISPERSING AGENT.

ADEQUATE GRINDING HOURS OF PAINT DISPERSION.
 GASSING
THIS IS AERATION DUE TO A CHEMICAL REACTION WITHIN THE LIQUID
PAINT DURING STORAGE.

CAUSE : THIS PROBLEM OCCURES IN PAINT COTAINING ZINC DUST

OR ALUMINIUM POWDERS.TRACES OF MOISTURE PRESENT
IN THE RESINS OR SOLVENTS REACT WITH THE METALS
AND CAUSE PRESSURIZATION OF THE COTAINER DUE TO
GENERATION OF HYDROGEN GAS

CURE: RESIN,EXTENDERS AND SOLVENT SHOULD BE FREE OF

MOISTURE
 POOR STORAGE STABILITY
DETERIORATION OF A PAINT OR VARNISH BY THE PARTIAL OR COMPLETE
CHANGING OF THE MEDIUM INTO A JELLY LIKE CONDITION.
THIS IS ALSO CALLED AS THICKENING OF THE PAINT WHERE VISCOSITY
OF THE PAINT INCREASES TOWARDS GELATION
GELATION.

CAUSE: INSTABILITY OF MEDIUM.

REACTION BETWEEN PIGMENT AND THE MEDIUM (FEEDING)
MORE DILUENT IS ADDED.
HIGH VISCOSITY OF PAINT.(DUE TO LESS % OF SOLVENT)
NATURE OF PIGMENTS.
EVAPORATION OF SOLVENT DUE TO LOOSE LID OF CONTAINER.
STORAGE IN HIGH TEMPERATURE CONDITION

CURE: ADDITION OF TRUE SOLVENT

ADDITION OF SOLVENT / ADDITIVE WITH HIGH POLARITY
ADDITION OF PEPTISING AGENT
2) DEFECTS DURING APPLICATION

A)) SAGGING
S GG G
B) DRY SPRAY
C) ORANGE PEEL
D) CRATERING & CISSING
E) MOTTLING
 SAGGING OR RUNDOWN
TEARS OR CURTAINS OF PAINT ON VERTICAL OR INCLINED AREAS
EXCESSIVE FLOW OF PAINT ON VERTICAL SURFACES CAUSING
IMPERFECTIONS WITH THICK LOWER EDGES IN THE PAINT FILM.
(AS SHOWN IN PICTURE)
CAUSE: SLOW EVAPORATING SOLVENTS IN PAINT.
TOO RAPID APPLICATION WITH NO FLASHOFF BETWEEN COATS
SPRAY GUN TOO CLOSE TO UNIT
AIR PRESSURE TOO LOW
PAINT FLOW TOO HIGH
LOW ABMIENT TEMPERATURE
LOW APPLICATION VISCOSITY OF PAINT
IMPROPER THIXOTROPY OF PAINT

CURE: ADDITION OF FAST EVAPORATING SOLVENT

PROPER DISTANCE BETWEEN SPRAY GUN TO SUBSTRATE
INDUCE THIXOTROPY
PROPER APPLICATION VISCOSITY
 DRY SPRAY

A ROUGH AND IRREGULAR SURFACE. BITTY FINISH IS OBSERVED ON

SURFACE

CAUSE:
C US FAST
S EVAPORATING
O G SOLVENTS
SO S IN PAINT
AIR PRESSURE TOO HIGH
SPRAY GUN TO FAR FROM UNIT
TOO LESS DFT

CURE: ADDITION OF SLOW EVAPORATING SOLVENTS

PROPER DISTANCE BETWEEN GUN AND SUBSTRATE
 ORANGE PEELING

PAINT SURFACE BECOMES UNEVEN LIKE AN ORANGE PEEL.

(AS SHOWN IN PICTURE)

CAUSE: DEFECT DUE TO IMPROPER FLOW OF THE PAINT

HIGHER FILM THICKNESS
TOO QUICK EVAPORATION OF THINNER
TOO HIGH VISCOSTY OF THE PAINT
LOW SPRAY PRESSURE
IMPROPER LEVELLING OF THE UNDERNEITH FILM

CURE: ADDITION OF SLOWER EVAPORATING SOLVENT

ADDITION OF FLOW ADDITIVE
PROPER FILM THICKNESS
LOWER THE VISCOSITY
PROPER ATOMISATION AT GUN TIP
 CRATERING / CISSING
THE RECESSION OF A WET PAINT FILM FROM A SURFACE LEAVING SMALL
ARAES UNCOATED

(AS SHOWN IN PICTURE)

CAUSE: FOREGIN PARTICLES SUCH AS WAXES ADHERE ON PAINTING.

PAINTING
INSUFFICIENT ABRASION OF THE OLD PAINT FILM.
EXCESS SILICON ADDITIVES IN PAINT.
IMPROPER MIXING OF ADDITIVES.
ADDITIVES
SATURATION BY FUMES IN THE SPRAY BOOTH.

CURE: TO REDUCE SURFACE TENSION BY COMBINATION OF SOLVENT.

BETTER SURFACE PREPARATION.
REMOVAL OF OILDROPLETS FROM COMPRESSED AIR.
ENSURE SPRAYING AREA IS COMPLETELY VENTILATED
VENTILATED.
 MOTTLING
UNEVEN LOCATION OF ALUMINIUM PARTICLES PRODUCES DIFFERENT
PARTIAL REFLECTIONS.
SPOTTY,, NON UNIFORM,, BLOTCHY APPEARANCE OF METALLIC PAINT.
(AS SHOWN IN PICTURE)

CAUSE: SPRAY VISCOSITY IS TOO HIGH,CAUSING TOO WET FILM.

TOO SLOW EVAPORATING SOLVENT.
ATOMOZING PRESSURE TOO LOW.
DISTANCE BETWEEN SPRAY GUN AND SUBSTRATE TOO SHORT.
SHORT
FLOW OF THE PAINT TOO HIGH
HOW IT OCCURS

CURE: SPRAY UNDER GOOD ATOMIZATION OF THE PAINT AND WITH

PROPER SPRAYING INTERVALS.
FAST EVAPORATING SOLVENT.
SOLVENT
PROPER DISTANCE BETWEEN SPRAY GUN AND SUBSTRATE.
Aluminium Pigments Aluminium Pigments
Dark Dark patches
C/C Patches

B/C
3) DEFECTS DURING DRYING & CURING

A) WRINKLING
B) BLEEDING
C) PIN HOLES POPPING,BUBBLING
D) BLUSHING/ BLOOMING
 WRINKLING

THE DEVELOPMENT OF WRINKLES IN A PAINT FILM DURING DRYING.

THIS DEFECT IS CLOSELY ASSOCIATED WITH DRYING PROBLEMS

CAUSE: ACCELERATED SURFACE DRYING IS CAUSED BY EXCESS OF

SURFACE DRIER.
IMPROPER EXHAUST.

CURE: CORRECT BALANCE OF METAL DRIERS AND SOLVENTS.

ADDITION OF MORE THROUGH DRIERS
DRIERS.
REDUCE % OF SURFACE DRIER.
BETTER EXHAUST FACILITY IN OVEN
 BLEEDING
DISCOLOURATION CAUSED BY MIGRATION OF COMPONENTS
FROM THE UNDERLYING FILM.
BLEEDING CAUSED BY SOLUBILITY OF PIGMENTS IN RESINS AND
SOLVENTS.
THE COLOUR OF OLD FILM OR THE INGREDIENTS OF BASE
MATERIAL OR PRIMER FLOAT UP TO THE TOP COAT FILM.

CAUSE: POOR QUALITY OF PIGMENT IS USED.

SLOW EVAPORATION OF UNDERLYING FILM IN WET ON
WET APPLICATION
CURE: HIGH QUALITY OF PIGMENT WITH LESS SOLUBILITY.
TO AVOID VERY STRONG SOLVENT IN THE NEW
COATING.
COATING
SOLVENT BALANCING IN UNDERLYING COAT
 PINHOLES OR POPPING

SMALL HOLES LIKE PINHOLES APPEAR ON THE PAINT FILM.

FILM

(AS SHOWN IN PICTURE)

CAUSE: SOLVENTS OF THE PAINT FILM EVAPORATE TOO FAST

THICK PAINT FILM.
MIS-CHOICE OF THINNER.
POOR WETTING OF THE SUBSTRATE.
INCOMPATIBLE SOLVENTS USED
USED.

CURE: LONGER FLASH OFF BEFORE STOVING.

SELECTION OF SLOWER EVAPORATING SOLVENT.
SOLVENT
 BLUSHING / BLOOMING

THE FORMATION OF MILKY OPALESCENCE IN CLEAR FINISHES

CAUSED BY THE DEPOSITION OF MOISTURE FROM THE
ATMOSPHERE AND OR PRECIPITATION OF ONE OR MORE OF THE
SOLID COSTITUENTS OF THE FINISH.

CAUSE: PAINTING SUBSTATE TOO COLD

MOIST AND HUMID ATMOSPHERE
INCOMPATIBLE RESIN SYSTEM

CURE
CURE: ADJUST EVAPORATION RATE OF THE SOLVENT.
SO VENT
PRE HEAT THE ARTICLE BEING COATED.
4) DEFECTS IN THE DRY FILM

A) CHALKING
B) COLOUR FADING
C) CRACKING
D) BLISTERING
E) POOR ADHESION
 CHALKING

CHANGE INVOLVING THE RELEASE OF ONE OR MORE OF THE

CONSTITUENTS OF THE FILM,
FILM IN THE FORM OF LOOSELY ADHERENT FINE
POWDER.
SURFACE OF PAINT FILM BECOMES POWDERY THAT RESULTS IN LOSS OF
GLOSS OF THE SURFACE.
SURFACE

CAUSE: DURING EXPOSURES ,RESINS AT THE TOP COAT PAINT FILM

GET CHALKED & PIGMENTS ARE EXPOSED AT PAINT SURFACE.

INADEQUET BINDER CONTENT (VERY HIGH PVC).

DEGRADATION OF BINDER DUE TO EXPOSURE TO UV LIGHT.

LIGHT

CURE: LOWERING OF PVC.

BETTER BINDER
BINDER.
ADDITION OF UV STABILIZERS.
COLOUR FADING / DISCOLOURATION

INITIAL COLOUR FADES DURING EXPOSURE.

EXPOSURE

(AS SHOWN IN PICTURE)

CAUSE: POOR LIGHT FASTNESS PIGMENT USED.

ABSENCE OF UV ABSORBER AND LIGHT STABILIZER.

CURE: INCORPORATION OF UV ABSORBER & LIGHT STABILIZER.

PIGMENTS TO BE USED HAVING GOOD LIGHT FASTNESS.
FASTNESS
 CRACKING
FORMATION
O O OF BREAKS
O S IN THE PAINT FILM THAT EXPOSE
OS THE
UNDERLYING SURFACE.
THIS IS MOST CLASS OF DEFECTS WHICH INCLUDE
CHECKING,CROCODILING AND EMBRITTLEMENT.
CARCKS APPEAR ON THE PAINT FILM.
(AS SHOWN IN PICTURE)

CAUSE: A SEPERATION OF INTERMOLECULAR BOND DUE TO

TEMPERATURE CHANGE,RAY,MOISTURE,SOLVENT.
SHORTAGE OF HARDNER
HARDNER.
INCOMPLETE DRYING.
TOO THICK PAINT FILM.(UNCURED)

CURE: TOTAL CURING OF THE PAINT FILM.

ADDITION OF HARDNER AS PER SPECIFIED MIXING RATIO.
APPLY PROPER DFT
DFT.
BETTER QUALITY OF RESIN.
 BLISTERING
VARIOUS BUBBLES APPEAR ON THE PAINT FILM SURFACES.

ISOLATED CONVEX DEFORMATION OF A PAINT FILM IN THE FORM OF

BLISTERS ARISING FROM THE DETACHMENT OF ONE OR MORE OF
THE COATS.

(AS SHOWN IN PICTURE)

CAUSE: FAULTY SURFACE PREPARATION LEADING TO POOR
PRIMER SUBSTRATE ADHESION.
PENETRATION OF WATER,DIFFUSION,ACCUMULATION AND
EVAPORATION.

INSUFFICIENT DRYING.
DRYING

CURE: CAREFUL PREPARATION OF THE SUBSTRATE.

PAINTING UNDER VERY HOT AMBIENT CONDITION SHOULD

BE AVOIDED.
 POOR ADHESION
ADHESION LOSS CAN OCCUR IN TWO DIFFERENT WAYS
WAYS. FIRSTLY
THERE CAN BE ADHESION PROBLEMS TO THE SUBSTRATE (TOTAL
PAINT STRUCTURE) AND SECONDLY THERE CAN BE AN INADEQUATE
BOND BETWEEN THE INDIVIDUAL COATS (INTER-COAT
(INTER COAT ADHESION).
ADHESION)

CAUSE: SUBSTANCES WHICH CAUSE ADHESION PROBLEMS ARE

LEFT ON THE SUBSTRATE TO BE COATED (E.G.
(E G SILICONE,
SILICONE
OIL, FAT, WAX, RUST, POLISHING RESIDUE, ETC).

SANDING / PRETREATMENT OF THE SUBSTRATE WAS

INADEQUATE OR NOT CARRIED OUT AT ALL.
ALL

THE PRIMER OR BASE-COAT WAS TOO HARD

EXPOSURE TO UV RAYS WHICH CAN RAPIDALLY DEGRADE
CERTAIN TYPE OF BINDER LIKE EPOXIES (DELAMINATION)

CURE: CAREFUL PREPARATION OF THE SUBSTRATE.

APPLIACTION OF COATS WITH RECOMMENDED DFT TO
AVOID UV RAYS PENETRATION
FORMULA MODIFICATION WRT SI ADDITIVES, WAXES ETC
TROUBLE SHOOTING
 PAINT PAINT PRODUCTION
PIGMENT PACKAGING MATERIAL

ADDITIVES CONTAINER

RESIN SOLVENT EQUIPMENT ENVIRONMENT

CRATER

OIL & GREASE SUBSTRATE

MAN ATMOSPHERE
CONTAMINATION PAINT BOOTH

MACHINE
SURFACE TENSION OVEN

KEY FACTORS PAINT APPLICATION