I.

Join the following pairs of sentences by using appropriate Cause and Effect expressions
(because, because of, therefore, as a result of , due to , owing to, caused by , since, as, so, in order
that, on account of etc…)

1. The price of petrol has gone up. The essential commodities have become costlier.(2004)
2. There is a significant lacuna in today’s education. There is a lack of industry and academia
collaboration. .(2004)
3. The steel tray is painted black. The black paint prevents the heat from escaping.(June 2010)
4. Exhaust gases poison the air we breathe. People who are exposed to such gases can suffer from
lung diseases. .(June 2010)
5. The steam from the boiler is wet. It has to be passed through a super heater.(June 2008)
6. The air filter gets clogged with dirt. It must be cleaned regularly. (June 2008)
7. Forest Department planted trees. The Green cover is increased in Tamil Nadu. (June 2008).
8. Police is enforcing the traffic rules strictly. Number of accidents have come down.(June 2008)
9. The radiation from the cell phone tower is high. It affects the life of birds and bees.(June 2011)
10. Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam is a noble personality. Everyone adores him. (June 2011)
11. The machine was not maintained properly. The accident occurred.
12. There is an increase in the number of accidents. The traffic police do not check the violation of
rules.
13. A metal expands when it is heated. Expansion joints are fitted to steam pipes.
14. It was raining. I couldn’t go out.
15. The recycling units do not have the basic facilities for treatment and disposal of hazardous
wastes. These wastes pose a threat to the lives of the people in the area.
16. This type of turbine is very widely used. It has a much greater efficiency.
17. Increase in temperature. Increase in pressure.
18. The oil tanker spilled a large quantity of oil. Many sea birds died.( Jan 2009)
19. E-ticketing is introduced by railways. The people get reservation easily.( Jan 2009)
20. Windmills are installed in large numbers. Adequate power is produced. ( Jan 2009)
21. The water from the river overflowed. Many villages were inundated.( Jan 2009)
22. The percentage of the subjects to join Engineering courses has minimized. More students will
join Engineering courses.
23. The number of vehicles plying on roads is more. Frequent road blocks occur.
24. The old building has been painted. It looks new.
25. A nail has pierced the tyre. It has become flattened.(Dec 2007)

Answers
1. The essential commodities have become costlier because the price of petrol has gone up
2. There is a significant lacuna in today’s education due to the lack of industry and academia
collaboration.
3. The steel tray is painted black because the black paint prevents the heat from escaping.
4. Exhaust gases poison the air we breathe; therefore people who are exposed to such gases will
suffer from lung diseases.
5. The steam from the boiler is wet; therefore it has to be passed through a super heater.
6. The air filter gets clogged with dirt, so it must be cleaned regularly.
7. Forest department planted more trees; as a result the green cover is increased in Tamil Nadu.
8. Since police are enforcing the traffic rules strictly, numbers of accidents have come down.
 9. The radiation from the cell phone tower is high and as a result It affects the life of birds and
bees
10. Everyone adores Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam because he is a noble personality.
11. The accident occurred because the machine was not maintained properly.
12. There is an increase in the number of accidents as the traffic police do not check the violation of
rules.
13. A metal expands when it is heated; consequently expansion joints are fitted to steam pipes.
14. It was raining, so I couldn’t go out.
15. The recycling units do not have the basic facilities for treatment and disposal of hazardous
wastes; consequently these wastes pose a threat to the lives of the people in the area.
16. This type of turbine is very widely used. Because it has a much greater efficiency.
17. As there is an Increase in temperature, there is Increase in pressure.
18. Since the oil tanker spilled a large quantity of oil, many sea birds died.
19. Owing to the introduction of E-ticketing by railways, the people get reservation easily
20. Adequate power is produced due to the installation of Windmills in large numbers.
21. Many villages were inundated because of the water from the river overflowed.
22. As the percentage of the subjects to join Engineering courses has minimized, more students will
join Engineering courses.
23. The number of vehicles plying on roads is more, so frequent road blocks occur.
24. As the old building has been painted, it looks new.
25. A nail has pierced the tyre, consequently it has become flattened.

II. Join the causes in Column A with the effects found in Column B using cause and effect expressions
given in the brocket below and make sentences (‘because’, ‘because of’, ‘caused by’, ‘due to’ and
‘owing to’ )(May 2004)

A B
1. Loud horns and blaring loudspeakers damage to ear drums.
2. Chemical pollution green house effect and ozone pollution.
3. Construction of big dams evacuation of thousands of families.
4. Depletion of bamboo forests increase in soil erosion.

Answer:
1. Damage to ear drum is caused by Loud horns and blaring loudspeakers.
2. Because of Chemical pollution, there is rise in green house effect and ozone depletion.
3. Due to the construction of big dams thousands of families are evacuated.
4. Owing to the depletion of bamboo forests, there is increase in soil erosion.

III. Use the following cause and effect expressions in separate sentences of your own.
1. Lead to – Smoking is injurious to health