Operational

Introduction to Sustainment &

Integrated Logistics (S&IL)

Course: Sustainment & Integrated Logistics

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Outline
LSE Intro
Operational

What is Logistics?
Factors Influencing Logistics
Scope of Logistics
Commercial Sector
DoD / Military Sector
Integrated Logistics Support (ILS)
Logistics Systems Engineering (LSE)
Need for LSE and ILS
LSE in The Systems Life Cycle &
Systems Engineering Process
Activities and Elements of LSE

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Outline
LSE Intro (Continued)
Operational

Performance Based Logistics (PBL)

Related Terms & Definitions
Systems Engineering
Systems Analysis
Supportability Analysis (SA)
Reliability
Maintainability
Maintenance & Support
Safety & Security

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Outline
Related Terms & Definitions
Operational

(Continued)
Producibility
Disposability
System Effectiveness (SE)
Life Cycle Cost (LCC)
Cost Effectiveness (CE)
Logistics Footprint

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 What is Logistics
Operational

Management of the Flow of

Resources
Includes Physical and Abstract
Items
Can be modeled and analyzed for
Optimization

Logistics is the management of the flow of resources between the point

of origin and the point of consumption in order to meet some
requirement. The resources managed in logistics includes physical items
such as food, materials, equipment, liquids, staff (or human resources),
as well as abstract items such as time, information, particles and energy.
The logistics of physical items involves the integration of information
flow, material handling, production, packaging, inventory, transportation,
warehousing, and security. The complexity of logistics can be modeled,
analyzed, visualized, and optimized. The minimization of the use of
resources is a common motivation
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Factors Influencing Logistics
Operational

Constant Changing Increasing

Requirements Globalization

More Emphasis on Greater

Systems International
Competition
Increasing System The
Current More Outsourcing
Complexities
Environment

Extended System Eroding Industrial

Life Cycles Base

Greater Utilization Higher Overall Life

of COTS Cycle Cost

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Scope of Logistics
Operational

GPS Technology

RFID Technology
Commercial Sector Point of View
 Management of activities within the Supply Chain
 Focus on Optimizing the Supply Chain
 Tracking technologies enhance ability to manage
the SC
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Scope of Logistics
Integrated
Operational

Logistics
Support

Military DoD Sector Point of View

 Integrated Logistics Support
 Life Cycle Approach to Planning
 Design for Supportability
 Embedded in the Systems Engineering Process
 Enhance Operational Readiness
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 Integrated Logistics Support
ILS Activities Operational

 RM&A Engineering/  Tech Data / Publications

Maintenance Planning  Computer Resource Support
 Supply Support  Facilities & Utilities
 Support and Test Equipment  PHS&T
 Manpower and Personnel  Design Interface / Logistics
 Training & Training Support Information

Integrated logistics support (ILS) is an integrated and iterative process for

developing material and a support strategy that optimizes functional
support, leverages existing resources, and guides the system
engineering process to lower life cycle cost and decrease the logistics
footprint (demand for logistics, making the system easier to support. The
text book defines ILS as a disciplined , unified, and iterative approach to
the management and technical activities necessary to 1) Integrate
support considerations into system and equipment design 2) Develop
support requirements that are related consistently to readiness objectives
3)Acquire and required support and 4)Provide the required support
during theRichard
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Grandrino, June 2013phase at minimal
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of these notes is prohibited
Logistics Systems Engineering
Operational

Branch of Systems Engineering with focus

on Assuring Design for Supportability and
Sustainment
Involves designing Reliability, Availability
and Maintainability into Products or
Systems
Makes use of mathematical models and
analysis to define system characteristics
such as MTBF, MTTF, MTTR
Considers tradeoffs in component design,
repair capacity, training, spares inventory,
etc
Inherent in the systems development
process to influence design for
supportability considerations
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 LSE Systems Engineering Model
Operational

DESIGN FOR SUPPORT

• Product Support • Field Program

Strategy Management
• RM&A / Logistics • Maintenance
Requirements, Personnel
Allocation & Optimize Systems • Spares Availability
Analysis Effectiveness • O&S Cost Assessment
• Maintenance • Failure Review Board
Concept • Technology Insertion
• Supply Support • COTS Obsolesces
Strategy Management

SUPPORT THE DESIGN

LSE is inherent in the systems engineering process by making tradeoffs

to balance achievement of desired mission capability / optimization of
systems effectiveness while reducing LCC
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LSE Activities in The SE Process
 RM&A Requirements Operational

 Maintenance Concept Concept

 RM&A Allocation
Development
 LRU Selection
 RM&A Analysis Reduce
 Product Support Strategy LCC
 Supportability Analysis
Engineering
Development Optimize
 Maintenance Task Analysis SE

 Failure Analysis
 Failure Review Board
 LCC Evaluation Post
Development
 Technology Insertion Planning
 COTS Obsolesces Planning
 Maintenance Support Personnel
LSE Focus is applied at every stage of the Systems
Engineering Process
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 Logistics Systems Engineering
Operational

 Commercial & Defense

Approaches need to be
considered
 An outward Flow of
Logistics System Design
Activities
 Reverse Flow needs to
be considered to
optimize the supply
chain and system
effectiveness

System Operational & Maintenance Flow

Need to Consider Logistics Activities and Requirements on an

Integrated Life Cycle Basis from a Total Systems Perspective
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Need for LSE and ILS
Operational

 Complexity and Cost of

Systems Increasing
 Many Systems today
are not cost effective
because Logistics
Activities were not
considered
 Lack of
responsiveness in
addressing Life Cycle
Cost
 Life Cycle and
Logistics Cost
attribute nearly 75%
of total cost for many
systems

Lack of Consideration of Cost associated with Logistics will

“Sink” a System When it Becomes Operational
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Need for LSE and ILS
Operational

 Improve methods for

defining system
requirements related
to LSE and ILS
 Address the Total
System including
elements of Support
 Organize and integrate
the appropriate
logistics related
activities into the
systems design effort
 Establish a disciplined
approach to assure
logistics is adequately
considered

Historically Logistics activities and Associated Costs have

been an After Thought that Results in Higher than expected
LCC. Consideration of these activities early on result a more
Cost Effective System
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Need for LSE and ILS
Operational
Logistics Systems engineering Activities
 Initial Definition of System Support Requirements
 Development of Criteria as an Input to the Design
for Support Infrastructure
 Ongoing Evaluation of Alternative Design
Configurations through Trade Off Studies, Design
Optimization and Formal Design Review
 Determination of Resource Requirements for
Support Based on a Given Design Configuration
 The Ongoing Assessment of the Overall Support
Infrastructure with the Objective of Continuous
Improvement through Iterative Process of
Measurement, Evaluation and Process
Improvement Capabilities

Logistics must be Considered as an Integral Part of the

Systems engineering Process to enhance systems
effectiveness and cost effectiveness
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 Activities and Elements of
LSE/ILS
Operational
Maintenance Technical Data and
Planning Publications
Computer
Supply Resource Support
Support
Facilities and
Logistics Utilities
Support & Test Systems
Equipment (S&TE) Engineering Packaging,
Elements Handling, Storage
& Transportation
Manpower and
(PHS&T)
Personnel
Design Interface &
Training and Logistics
Training Support Information
Results of these Activities are often documented in a Life
Cycle Sustainment Plan (LSCP) or most comonly refered to as
an
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Grandrino, June 2013 Use and orLogistic Support
copying of these notes is prohibited withoutPlan (ILSP)
written release from author Richard A Grandrino Jr 17
LSE / ILS Activities in the SE
Process
Operational

LSE / ILS activities are inherent through out the Systems

Engineering Process
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Performance Based Logistics (PBL)
Operational

 Initiated by DoD as an
approach for managing
Weapon System Logistics
 Starts out with the
documented Performance
Metrics, by the Customer
,that are associated with
Logistics Systems
Engineering
 Seeks to deliver product
support as an integrated,
affordable performance
package designed to
optimize system
readiness
 PBL Strategies focus to
optimize systems
availability while
minimizing LCC and the
© Professor Richard Grandrino, June 2013
logistics footprint
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Related Terms and definitions
Systems Engineering Operational

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Related Terms and definitions
Systems Analysis Operational

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Supportability Analysis
Operational

SA involves the integration of analytical

techniques for the purpose of generating
logistics product data that is used across the
activities and elements of ILS to provide
supportability and sustainment of a system
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Reliability
Operational

Reliability: The probability an item will

perform its assigned mission satisfactorily for
the stated time period when used according
to the specified conditions.
It is an inherent characteristic of the system
design
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Design for Reliability
Operational

Component Level System Level

Design for Reliability of a system involves ensuring that

there are no “weak links” resulting in failure of the
system to perform it’s intended function
This involves selection of components that ascertain high
reliability. One component with low reliability will
severely decrease the system reliability even if the other
components are highly reliable
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Maintainability
Operational

Maintainability: The probability that a failed

item will be restored to its satisfactory
operational state
 Like reliability is an inherent characteristic
of a system or product design
It pertains to the ease, accuracy, safety, and
economy in performance of maintenance

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Maintainability
MTBM: mean time between maintenance Operational
which includes both preventive and corrective
maintenance requirements
MTBR: mean time between replacement or
repair of an item that has failed (usually
generates a spare part requirement)
M: mean active maintenance time ( function
of Mct and Mpt)
Mct: mean corrective maintenance time
(Equivalent to MTTR)
Mpt : mean preventive maintenance time
M max: maximum active corrective
maintenance time (usually specified at the
90% or 95% confidence level)

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Maintainability
Operational

MDT: maintenance downtime (total time a

system is not in operational state or condition
to perform its intended function. MDT
includes active maintenance time (M),
logistics delay time (LDT) and administrative
delay time (ADT)
MLH/OH: maintenance labor hours per
system operating hours
Cost/OH: maintenance cost per system
operating hour
Cost/MA: maintenance cost per maintenance
action
TAT: Turnaround Time, the time needed to
service repair and / or check out an item for
recommitment. Involves parts repaired and
returned to inventory for replenishment
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Design for Maintainability
Operational
 Modular or Replaceable units at the LRU level
 Providing Accessibility to the LRU components
that require maintenance
 Standardized Tools used for maintenance
 Special Tools and Test Equipment
 Skilled Labor and Training
 Ability to acquire spare parts
 Adequate Procedures for PM and CM

Design for Maintainability involves utilization of devices,

components and system that minimize the repair time
gets the system to an operational state quickly
It is associated with “ease of maintenance or
repairability” and “accessibility” for maintenance
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Design for Maintainability
 Increase Situational Awareness
 Builtin Test (BIT)
Operational

 Fault Detection and Fault Isolation

 Condition Based Maintenance
 Prognostics and Predictive Failures

Advanced Maintenance Concepts such as BIT and FDFI speed

up the maintenance process by isolating and identifying the
failed component or LRU
CBM and prognostics utilize automation, sensors and
condition monitoring to provide the health and status of
systems. Prognostics predicts failures before the event
occurs
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Maintenance & Support
Maintenance: Includes all actions necessary
Operational

for retaining a system or product to

operational condition
 Corrective Maintenance: The repair or unscheduled
maintenance to return equipment and / or systems
to a specified state or condition
 Preventive Maintenance: Includes all scheduled
maintenance actions performed to retain equipment
and / or systems in a specified state or condition
Maintenance Level: Pertains to the division of
functions and tasks for each area where
maintenance is performed. It includes skill
level and facility requirements for the
conductance of maintenance. There are
ordinary three levels:
 Organization Level Maintenance: Maintenance is
conducted at the site or field operation by existing
personnel.
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Maintenance & Support
Maintenance Level: (Continued) Operational
 Intermediate Level Maintenance: Maintenance
action is conducted or performed in a intermediate
shop or location near the customers operational
site. The required skills, personnel and resources
are at this site to perform the maintenance. This
intermediate point could be located on the site (i.e a
building or compartment that has resources to
perform this function)
 Depot Level Maintenance: Includes all scheduled
maintenance actions performed to retain equipment
and / or systems in a specified state or condition
Maintenance Concept: A statement of the
overall concept of the product or system
specification or policy that controls the type
of maintenance action to be taken for the all
components, equipment and subsystems of
the system or product under consideration.
The maintenance concept is also a required
input to the supportability analysis
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Maintenance & Support
Maintenance Plan: Is a detailed plan
Operational

specifying the methods and procedures to be

followed for system support through the life
cycle and during the utilization phase. The
plan includes the identification and use of
required elements of logistics necessary to
sustain or support the system. The
maintenance plan is developed from the
Supportability Analysis data and is usually
prepared during the engineering design or
detailed design phase of the system.

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Safety and Security
Operational

Safety – Important from the standpoint of

human operation and maintenance.
Involves the selection of materials,
components that do not impede safety.
Security – Involves providing the protection
of property and personnel. The threat of
terrorism has resulted new and complex
approaches to security

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Producibility / Disposability
Operational

Producibility – A measure of the relative

ease and economy of producing a product or
system.
Disposability – Pertains to the degree in
which an item can be recycled or disposed
of. Also involves maintenance concept and
decisions of LRUs regarding repair or
disposal
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System Effectiveness
Operational

 SE – a broad
context that
relates
system
performance
to its
intended
function(s)
Technical and
economic
factors need
to be
considered to
provide a
balance
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Life Cycle Cost (LCC)
Operational

 Life Cycle Cost is the summation of the total

cost in the system life cycle. It includes
Acquisition plus operational and support cost
and consist of the following components:
 Design and Development Cost
 Production and Construction Cost
 Operation and Maintenance Cost
 System Retirement and Phase Out Cost

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Cost Effectiveness
Operational

Measure of system in terms of mission

fulfillment or systems effectiveness and total
life cycle cost. Must be a balance between SE
and CE
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Logistics Footprint
Operational

DoD / Military Term

represents size of the
supply and support
infrastructure
The larger the logistics
footprint, the greater the
time to ascertain supply
support
Reducing the logistics
footprints result in
reduced time to acquire
supply support

The “Logistics Footprint” is a DoD term that represents

the size and distance of the supply chain and support
infrastructure. It relates to time to acquire support
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