The term wireless communication was introduced in the 19th century and wireless communication

technology has developed over the subsequent years. It is one of the most important mediums of
transmission of information from one device to other devices. In this technology, the information can be
transmitted through the air without requiring any cable or wires or other electronic conductors, by using
electromagnetic waves like IR, RF, satellite, etc. In the present days, the wireless communication
technology refers to a variety of wireless communication devices and technologies ranging from smart
phones to computers, tabs, laptops, Bluetooth Technology, printers. This article gives an overview of
wireless communication and types of wireless communications.

Types of Wireless Communciation

Introduction To Wireless Communication

In the present days, wireless communication system has become an essential part of various types of
wireless communication devices, that permits user to communicate even from remote operated areas. There
are many devices used for wireless communication like mobiles. Cordless telephones, Zigbee wirelss
technology, GPS, Wi-Fi, satellite television and wireless computer parts. Current wireless phones include
3 and 4G networks, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies.

Types of Wireless Communication

The different types of wireless communication mainly include, IR wireless communication, satellite
communication, broadcast radio, Microwave radio, Bluetooth, Zigbee etc.

Satellite Communication

Satellite communication is one type of self contained wireless communication technology, it is widely
spread all over the world to allow users to stay connected almost anywhere on the earth. When the signal
(a beam of modulated microwave) is sent near the satellite then, satellite amplifies the signal and sent it
back to the antenna receiver which is located on the surface of the earth. Satellite communication contains
two main components like the space segment and the ground segment.The ground segment consists of fixed
or mobile transmission, reception and ancillary equipment and the space segment, which mainly is
the satellite itself.
 Satellite Communciaiton

Infrared Communication

Infrared wireless communication communicates information in a device or systems through IR radiation .

IR is electromagnetic energy at a wavelength that is longer than that of red light. It is used for security
control, TV remote control and short range communications. In the electromagnetic spectrum, IR radiation
lies between microwaves and visible light. So, they can be used as a source of communication

Infrared Communication

For a successful infrared communication, a photo LED transmitter and a photo diode receptor are required.
The LED transmitter transmits the IR signal in the form of non visible light, that is captured and saved by
the photoreceptor. So the information between the source and the target is transferred in this way. The
source and destination can be mobile phones, TVs, security systems, laptops etc supports wireless
communication.

Broadcast Radio

The first wireless communication technology is the open radio communication to seek out widespread use,
and it still serves a purpose nowadays. Handy multichannel radios permit a user to speak over short
distances, whereas citizen’s band and maritime radios offer communication services for sailors. Ham radio
enthusiasts share data and function emergency communication aids throughout disasters with their powerful
broadcasting gear, and can even communicate digital information over the radio frequency spectrum.
 Broadcast Radio

Mostly an audio broadcasting service, radio broadcasts sound through the air as radio waves. Radio uses a
transmitter which is used to transmit the data in the form of radio waves to a receiving antenna(Different
Types of Antennas). To broadcast common programming, stations are associated with the radio N/W’s.
The broadcast happens either in simulcast or syndication or both. Radio broadcasting may be done via cable
FM, the net and satellites. A broadcast sends information over long distances at up to two megabits/Sec
(AM/FM Radio).

Radio waves are electromagnetic signals, that are transmitted by an antenna.These waves have completely
different frequency segments, and you will be ready to obtain an audio signal by changing into a frequency
segment.

Radio

For example, you can take a radio station. When the RJ says you are listening to 92.7 BIG FM, what he
really means is that signals are being broadcasted at a frequency of 92.7megahertz, that successively means
the transmitter at the station is periodic at a frequency of 92.700,000 Cycles/second.

When you would like to listen to 92.7 BIG FM, all you have to do is tune the radio to just accept that
specific frequency and you will receive perfect audio reception.

Microwave Communication

Microwave wireless communication is an effective type of communication, mainly this transmission uses
radio waves, and the wavelengths of radio waves are measured in centimeters. In this communication, the
data or information can be transfers using two methods. One is satellite method and another one is terrestrial
method.

Microwave Communication

Wherein satellite method, the data can be transmitted though a satellite, that orbit 22,300 miles above the
earth. Stations on the earth send and receive data signals from the satellite with a frequency ranging from
11GHz-14GHz and with a transmission speed of 1Mbps to 10Mbps. In terrestrial method, in which two
microwave towers with a clear line of sight between them are used, ensuring no obstacles to disrupt the line
of sight. So it is used often for the purpose of privacy. The frequency range of the terrestrial system is
typically 4GHz-6GHz and with a transmission speed is usually 1Mbps to 10Mbps.

The main disadvantage of microwave signals is, they can be affected by bad weather, especially rain.

Wi-Fi

Wi-Fi is a low power wireless communication, that is used by various electronic devices like smart phones,
laptops, etc.In this setup, a router works as a communication hub wirelessly. These networks allow users
to connect only within close proximity to a router. WiFi is very common in networking applications which
affords portability wirelessly. These networks need to be protected with passwords for the purpose of
security, otherwise it will access by others

Wi-Fi Communication
Mobile Communication Systems

The advancement of mobile networks is enumerated by generations. Many users communicate across a
single frequency band through mobile phones. Cellular and cordless phones are two examples of devices
which make use of wireless signals. Typically, cell phones have a larger range of networks to provide a
coverage.But, Cordless phones have a limited range. Similar to GPS devices, some phones make use of
signals from satellites to communicate.

Mobile Communication Systems

Bluetooth Technology

The main function of the Bluetooth technology is that permits you to connect a various electronic devices
wirelessly to a system for the transferring of data.Cell phones are connected to hands free earphones, mouse,
wireless keyboard. By using Bluetooth device the information from one device to another device. This
technology has various functions and it is used commonly in the wireless communication market.

Bluetooth Technology

Advantages of Wireless Communication

 Any data or information can be transmitted faster and with a high speed
 Maintenance and installation is less cost for these networks.
 The internet can be accessed from anywhere wirelessly
  It is very helpful for workers, doctors working in remote areas as they can be in touch with medical
centers.

Disadvantages of Wireless Communication

 An unauthorized person can easily capture the wireless signals which spread through the air.
 It is very important to secure the wireless network so that the information cannot be misused by
unauthorized users

Applications of Wireless Communication

Applications of wireless communication involve security systems, television remote control, Wi-Fi, Cell
phones, wireless power transfer, computer interface devices and various wireless communication based
projects.

Wireless Communication Based Projects

Wireless communication based projects mainly include different technologies like Bluetooth, GPS, GSM,
RFID and Zigbee projects which are listed below.

Wireless Communication Based Projects

 Android Based Smart Phone Used for Induction Motor Control

 Smart Phone Controlled Traffic Signal Override with Density Sensing System
 Arduino based Home Automation
 Phone Controlled Load Management System
 Robotic Vehicle Movement By Cell Phone
 Dialed Telephone Number LED Based Display System
 DTMF based Load Control System
 Dedicated Message Communication Wirelessly between Two Computers
 Wireless Message Communication between Two Computers
 Android based Remotely Programmable Sequential Load Operation
 Remotely Controlled Android based Electronic Notice Board
  Remote Operated Domestic Appliances Control by Android Application
 Remote Password Operated Security Control by Android Applications
 Home Automation by Android Application based Remote Control

Advantages and Disadvantages of Wireless Communications

Advantages

 Any information can be conveyed or transmitted quickly and with a high speed.
 The Internet can be accessed from anywhere and at anytime without the need to carry cables or
wires and it improves easy access and productivity.
 Helpful for Doctors, workers and other professionals working in remote areas as they can be in
touch with the medical centers through wireless communication.
 Emergency situations can be alerted through wireless communication. The affected regions can
be provided support with the help of these alerts through wireless communication.
 Wireless networks cost less for installation and maintenance.

Disadvantages

 A Hacker can easily capture the wireless signals that spread through the air.
 It is very important to secure the wireless network so that the information cannot be exploited
by unauthorized users, and this also increases the risk of losing data or information.

Thus, Wireless networks are one of the fastest growing technologies in telecommunications market.
WiMax, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Femtocell and 4G are some of the most significant standards of Wireless
technology for the next generations. Radio, Mobiles, Internet, etc., all use technological advancements in
wireless data transmission systems that carry invisible electromagnetic waves to transmit data over long
distances within a short amount of time. The information provided in this article will be helpful to the
viewers.

Specifications Wired network Wireless network

lower compare to wired networks, But advanced
wireless technologies such as LTE, LTE-A and
Speed of operation Higher
WLAN-11ad will make it possible to achieve
speed par equivalent to wired network
Low, as Frequency Spectrum is very scarse
System Bandwidth High
resource
More as wireless subscriber stations, wireless
Cost Less as cables are not expensive routers, wireless access points and adapters are
expensive
Wired network installation is
Wireless network installation is easy and it
Installation cumbersome and it requires more
requires less time
time
 Limited, as it operates in the area
Not limited, as it operates in the entire wireless
Mobility covered by connected systems
network coverage
with the wired network
Transmission copper wires, optical fiber cables,
EM waves or radiowaves or infrared
medium ethernet
Network coverage requires hubs and switches for More area is covered by wireless base stations
extension network coverage limit extension which are connected to one another.
WLAN, WPAN(Zigbee, bluetooth), Infrared,
Applications LAN (Ethernet), MAN
Cellular(GSM,CDMA, LTE)
Channel Interference is higher due to obstacles between
Interference is less as one wired
Interference and wireless transmitter and receiver e.g. weather
network will not affect the other
signal power loss conditions, reflection from walls, etc.
QoS (Quality of Poor due to high value of jitter and delay in
Better
Service) connection setup
High compare to wireless
counterpart, as manufactured
Reasonably high, This is due to failure of router
Reliability cables have higher performance
will affect the entire network.
due to existence of wired
technology since years.

Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over a wire-based communication technology.
Examples include telephone networks, cable television or internet access, and fiber-optic communication.
Also waveguide (electromagnetism), used for high-power applications, is considered as wired line. Local
telephone networks often form the basis for wired communications that are used by both residential and
business customers in the area. Most of the networks today rely on the use of fiber-optic communication
technology as a means of providing clear signaling for both inbound and outbound transmissions. Fiber
optics are capable of accommodating far more signals than the older copper wiring used in generations
past, while still maintaining the integrity of the signal over longer distances.

Alternatively, communication technologies that don't rely on wires to transmit information (voice or data)
are considered wireless.

The legal definition of most, if not all, wireless technologies today or "apparatus, and services (among
other things, the receipt, forwarding, and delivery of communications) incidental to such transmission"
are a wire communication as defined in the Communications act of 1934 in 47 U.S.C. §153 ¶(59). This
makes everything online today and all wireless phones a use of wire communications[1] by law whether a
physical connection to wire is visible or is not. The Communications act of 1934 created the Federal
Communications Commission to replace the Federal Radio Commission. If there were no real wired
communications today, there would be no online and there would be no mobile phones or nothing
wireless except satellite communications.

In general, wired communications are considered to be the most stable of all types of communications
services. They are relatively impervious to adverse weather conditions when compared to wireless
solutions. With some forms of wired services, the strength and speed of the transmission is superior to
other solutions, such as satellite or microwave transmissions. These characteristics have allowed wired
communications to remain popular, even as wireless solutions have continued to advance.

Conclusion
 Wired and Wireless networks are very common in the workplace as well as in the home.

Technology has been created to store, transmit and receive data through networks at very high rates of

speed. Networks have become essential to completing daily business tasks and most business, those

who rely heavily on information technologies, would be crippled without their networks.

Advances in networking storage have allowed for organizations to use their networks not only

for the sharing of resources but to store large pools of data to be used for data analysis. Companies can

now store detailed profile information for customers at a very low cost. In the future, the speed of

networks will increase as they have in past years. The cost of networks will continue to decline and

using a network will be essential for every organization. As computing technology increases in power,

and decreases in size, the price of creating a high-powered full featured network will decrease rapidly.
Wired Network

As we know "wired" is the term refers to any physical medium consisting of cables. The cables
can be copper wire, twisted pair or fiber optic. Wired network is used to carry different forms of
electrical signals from one end to the other. Mostly in wired network one internet connection is
being taken using T1 line, cable modem or using any other means. This connection is shared
among multiple devices using wired network concept.

EXAMPLE #1: LAN (Local Area Network): This network consists of ethernet cards housed in
PCs or laptops. These cards are connected using ethernet cables. The data flows between these
cards. For small wired network router is used to connect few number of desktop or laptop
computers. In order to increase the network coverage for more number of systems multiple
switches and routers are used.
Refer Ethernet network basics➤ for more information.

Wireless Network

As we know "Wireless" is the term refers to medium made of electromagnetic waves (i.e. EM
Waves) or infrared waves. All the wireless devices will have antenna or sensors. Typical wireless
devices include cellular mobile, wireless sensors, TV remote, satellite disc receiver, laptops with
WLAN card etc. Wireless network does not use wires for data or voice communication; it uses
radio frequency waves as mentioned above. The other examples are fiber optic communication
link and broadband ADSL etc.

EXAMPLES:
1. Outdoor cellular technologies such as GSM, CDMA, WiMAX, LTE, Satellite etc.
2. Indoor wireless technologies such as Wireless LAN(or WiFi), Bluetooth, IrDA, Zigbee,
Zwave etc.
Refer Wireless system block diagram➤ and Cellular wireless communication basics➤ for more
information.
Wireless networks do not use any form of cable. The transmission of data (your files, music, printing to
the printer etc) occurs over radio waves… just like cordless phones or the Bluetooth headset that came
with that snazzy phone you purchased recently. The major advantage of having a wireless device is the
mobility and freedom that comes with it. Moreover, there is less clutter and fewer wires to worry about.
But, you sacrifice in most cases on speed and security. The security issue is important and at least some
form of basic or weak encryption should be implemented. I strongly recommend you to research on high
encryption levels and implement it. This will at least deter the nosy neighbor to leech your internet
connection.

Wired networks on the other hand have been around for some time now. Officially known today as the
Ethernet, the cables usually connect these devices using CAT5 cables. The speed and security in this
scenario are greatly enhanced. The latest Ethernet routers can support up to 1000Mb/s or a gigabit/sec.
that's 10 times faster than the widely used 100 Mb/s router. Moreover the over all cost of a wired
network is lower, provides high performance and better security than wireless networks.

The choice depends on your day to day activities. Wireless networks won't become mainstream anytime
soon in office environments. But as home users, wireless networks have become the choice. A little
sacrifice in speed or security as a residential user is minimal but for an enterprise environment – well, it
becomes a whole new ball game… and, pretty detailed too.
The term wireless communication was introduced in the 19th century and wireless communication
technology has developed over the subsequent years. It is one of the most important mediums of
transmission of information from one device to other devices. In this technology, the information can be
transmitted through the air without requiring any cable or wires or other electronic conductors, by using
electromagnetic waves like IR, RF, satellite, etc. In the present days, the wireless communication
technology refers to a variety of wireless communication devices and technologies ranging from smart
phones to computers, tabs, laptops, Bluetooth Technology, printers. This article gives an overview of
wireless communication and types of wireless communications.

Types of Wireless Communciation

Introduction To Wireless Communication

In the present days, wireless communication system has become an essential part of various types of
wireless communication devices, that permits user to communicate even from remote operated areas. There
are many devices used for wireless communication like mobiles. Cordless telephones, Zigbee wirelss
technology, GPS, Wi-Fi, satellite television and wireless computer parts. Current wireless phones include
3 and 4G networks, Bluetooth and Wi-Fi technologies.

Types of Wireless Communication

The different types of wireless communication mainly include, IR wireless communication, satellite
communication, broadcast radio, Microwave radio, Bluetooth, Zigbee etc.

Satellite Communication

Satellite communication is one type of self contained wireless communication technology, it is widely
spread all over the world to allow users to stay connected almost anywhere on the earth. When the signal
(a beam of modulated microwave) is sent near the satellite then, satellite amplifies the signal and sent it
back to the antenna receiver which is located on the surface of the earth. Satellite communication contains
two main components like the space segment and the ground segment.The ground segment consists of fixed
or mobile transmission, reception and ancillary equipment and the space segment, which mainly is
the satellite itself.