1) What is the use of Large pool & stream pool?

Larget pool allocates memory to

Server processes and

Rman operations (backup & restore)

Stream pool allcates memory to

Streams

2) How to list or chekc all the ASM disgroups

from SQL prompt

select name from v$asm_diskgroup

and from Linux prompt

goto asmcmd

and give command ls -l

3) what happen when you run root.sh

root.sh is required to run as the last step during installation, it creates

variables like oracle home and does
entries in oratab

4) What is the difference between dba and oinstalll group

these are the groups that we create before installation of oracle binaries.
dba group is the one which is used to store dba admin user details who have
database administration privileges
oinstall is the group that is used to store users who do the software installation
and maintain the software inventory

no users can make changes in other areas to which they dont have privliges to.

5) which commmand is used to run any process in background

nohup and crontab

nohup can be used to run any process in the background immediately and works only
for a single time by one command
crontab can also be used to run processes in the background but it is generally
used to schedule single or multiple jobs at different timings / days

6)
7) List down the steps to rename a datafile in oracle database 11g
first, you have to bring down the corresponding tablespace by alter tablespace name
offline;
then you can goto OS level and goto the directory where datafile exists and then
rename the file by mv command
goto SQL prompt again and give command as alter tablespace name rename datafile
'location/oldfile name' to 'locatioin/newfile name'
then alter tablespace name online

8) explain the process of how to recover a table in a schema which is accidently

dropped
you can restore it from the last export backup by restoring it on a test database
and then copy the lost tablespace to production environment or
you can restore it from the last Rman backup by restoring the backup on a test DB
and then copy the lost tablespace to production

9) what is the difference between the incremental and differential RMAN backup:
inremental backup:
Incremental backup is the difference between current work and last backup. It
copies all the files that have chaned since the last backup was made.
irrespective of the last backup whether it is full backup or incremental, it will
copy only the difference.The size of the backup is small.
differential backup:
Differential backup is the difference between current work and last fulll backup.
It goes backwards and searches all the previous backup until the last full backup
and then
does the current backup. In this case the size of the backup is very big becasue
the data is being duplicated.

10) What is the difference between expire and obsolete, validate and cross check

Obsolete backup is the backup that we have in our system that is older than Rman
backup retention policy. To check Rman retention policy and current backup use
following commands

Rman > show all;

Rman > list backup summary;

to check obsolete backup please use "crosscheck backup" command then run "delete
obsolete"

delete obsolete removes alll the obsoleted physical files from the drive
backup entries are removed from rman catalog

What is an expired backup:

Expired backup is wheen you have an entry in Rman for a backup, but dont have the
physical backup files for that backup.

11)
12) what is the difference between pfile and spfile.
The pfile is text based file and can be edited in an editor like vi.
Changes made to pfile would take effect when the database is restarted using pifle

The SP file is the binary file that permits changes without restarting the
database but it cannt be changed using any editor. If you dont specify pfile in
your startup
commmand, it will open automaically by using spfile.

13) Describe different stages of oracle database during startup and shutdown

startup nomount (starts the instance, reads pfile or spfile, creates SGA)
startup mount (reads control file that contains the data file location
and names)
startup (database is open)
startup restrict (allows restricted users to work like DBAs etc)
startup force (Shuts and restarts the DB)

shutdown (waits for all users to finish their work, stops new connections,
then closes the DB)
shut immediate (Cancels current connections and shuts the DB)
shut abort (Shuts the DB immmediately, sometimes needs recovery on next
startup).

14) Write Steps to configure two node RAC setup

Install Linux
As root, create Groups and users like oinstall, dba, asmdba etc and grid and oracle
Do this on each node
Set passwords for all users
add entries for public, private IPs and hostnames to etc/hosts
check kernel parameters on google and change accordingly on each node in sysctl
create all the directories for grid and oracle installation oracle base, grid base,
oracle home & grid home)
download required RPMs and install thru yum
copy grid software to a directory and unzip
change permissions and ownerships for the directories
start ./runinstaller and install the grid (choose all nodes, create passwordless
connectivity thtu ssh duing installation)

After grid installation, copy RDBMS software to a directory

unzip and change ownership and permissions
run ./runinstaller and install oracle
post installation run dbca to intall a database

15) Explain the process of applying PSU patch

Take backup of grid home on each node

download latest opatch software and unzip
take backup of existing opatch and copy new opatch in place

Before start applying the patch, check thru opatch lsinventory if that patch is
already applied
download patch and unzip to a directory
open readme
follow the pre-patch instuctions
apply the patch as stated in the readme file
check all post-patch instructions
finally check status of the patch thru opatch lsinventory

16) List down the steps to upgrade any database

goto Sql prompt thru sqlplus / as sysdba

shutdown the database that is to be upgraded
startup the database in mount state
take backup of the entire database for safety pursposes
copy latest software to a directory
run dbua to start upgradation and install the new version

17) how to take backup of voting disk, ocr disk

By default, Clusterware services takes automatic backup of voting disk at an

interval of every 4 hours

to take manual backup pls use following command:

./ocrconfig -manualbackup

18) Write steps to refresh test db from production using Rman

goto Rman of production db

backup complete database using following commands
a) backup as backupset database;
b) backup current controlfile;
c) backlup archivelog all;

copy the backup to test server using scp

create a pfile from spfile on prod DB and copy it to test server

make relevant changes to the pfile like name of the test DB and add db_unique_name
and service_names too
export test db sid and home
create relevant directories in the test DB
goto SQL prompt and startup test DB in nomount mode using new pfile
goto Rman by rman target /
restore control file by the command 'restore controlfile from '/location and name';
mount the database using alter database mount
now, catalog the backup by catalog start with 'location and name of the directry
where backup is copied'
set newname for datafiles
restore database
recover database
alter database open resetlogs
create spfile from memory