Construct Hybrid Microcircuit Geometry: Exercise 1

Exercise 1
Construct Hybrid
Microcircuit Geometry
8 9
8 9
6 7
6 7
10 1
2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
Y
Z X
Objective:
■ In this exercise you will construct a trimmed surface which
will be the underlying geometry of a 3D Hybrid Microcircuit
model.
■ Create a trimmed surface with interior cutouts for

components.
PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5 1-1

1-2 PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5
Exercise 1 Construct Hybrid Microcircuit Geometry
Model Description:
In this exercise you will create the required geometry for a 3D
hybrid microcircuit model. You will first construct simple surfaces
which will define the microcircuit perimeter and the locations of
eight surface mounted devices. From the edges of these simple
surfaces you will create chained curves which define the inner and
outer edges (loops) of the microcircuit surface. From these chained
curves you will create a trimmed surface, the guiding geometry of
the microcircuit model.
In later exercises you will define the finite element mesh, material
properties, thermal loads, and boundary conditions for the
microcircuit.
Exercise Overview:
■ Create a new database named microcircuit.db. Set
the Tolerance to Based on Model, the Approximate
Maximum Model Dimension to 0.02, and the
Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL.
■ Create a simple surface that will form the outside

edge for the microcircuit model. The dimensions are
provided.
■ Turn labels on using Tool Bar Show Label icon.
■ Create eight regular surfaces that will define the

locations of the surface mounted devices. The
dimensions are provided.
■ Create chained curves on the edges of each surface by

using Create/Curve/Chain.
■ Unclutter the display by selectively hiding labels.

.
■ Complete the geometry of the hybrid microcircuit by
using Create/Surface/Trimmed with the Option
Planar.
■ Quit MSC/PATRAN.

Hybrid Microcircuit Dimensions
Hybrid
Microcircuit
0.004 0.002
Dimensions
0.006 X 0.001
(typical)
0.0026
0.02
0.0094
0.002 X 0.002
(typical)
0.004
0.004 0.004
0.02
(All lengths shown in meters)
Figure 1 -Board Design
Exercise Procedure:
Create a 1. Create a new database named microcircuit.db. Set
the Tolerance to Based on Model, the Approximate
new Maximum Model Dimension to 0.02, and the
database Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL.
Within your window environment change directories to a

convenient working directory. Run MSC/PATRAN by
typing p3 in your xterm window.
Next, select File from the Menu Bar and select New…
from the drop-down menu.
Assign the name microcircuit.db to the new database by

clicking in the New Database Name box and entering
microcircuit (.db will automatically be appended).
Select OK to create the new database.

PATRAN will open a Viewport and change various Control

Panel selections from a ghosted appearance to a bold
format. When the New Model Preferences form appears on
your screen, set the Tolerance to Based on Model, the
Approximate Maximum Model Dimension to 0.02, and the
Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL. Select OK to close
the New Model Preferences form.
2. Create a simple surface that will form the outside

edge for the microcircuit model. Create a
Select the Geometry toggle in Applications radio button. simple
You will now create a 0.02 X 0.02 surface. Use its outside surface
edges to form the outer loop for the trimmed surface you
will create in the last part of this exercise.
Set the Action, Object, and Method to Create/Surface/

XYZ. Be sure to turn off Auto Execute in all forms in this
exercise. Change the Vector Coordinates List to <0.02 0.02
0> and select Apply to create the surface. The completed
form is shown below.
Geometry
Action: Create
Object: Surface
Method: XYZ
Surface ID List
1
Surface Type
PATRAN 2 Convention
Refer. Coordinate Frame

Coord 0
Vector Coordinates List

<0.02 0.02 0>
Auto Execute
Origin Coordinates List
[0 0 0]
-Apply-

Turn on labels
3. Turn labels on using Tool Bar Show Label icon.

Turn on
labels Use the Tool Bar Show Label icon on the menu bar to turn
on labels. The correct model is shown below.
2 3
Z X 1 4
4. Create eight regular surfaces that will define the

Position the locations of the surface mounted devices.
8 devices Position the left-most square device by changing the Vector
and Origin Coordinates Lists to <0.002 0.002 0> and
[0.004 0.004 0]. Select Apply to create the surface.

Create three copies of this region by changing the Action,

Object, and Method to Transform/Surface/Translate.
Enter <0.004 0 0> for the Translation Vector and 3 for the
Repeat Count. Click in the Surface List box. Select
Surface 2 in the viewport. The completed Geometry form
and current model should appear as shown below.
Geometry
Action: Transform
Object: Surface
Method: Translate
Surface ID List
3
Type of Transformation
◆Cartesian in Refer. CF
◆
◆ Curvilinear in Refer. CF 2 3
Refer. Coordinate Frame
Coord 0
Translation Vector
<0.004 0 0>
1
Translation Parameters
Repeat Count 6 7 10 11 14 15 18 19
3 2 3 4 5
5 8 9 1213 16 17 20
Delete Original Surfaces Y
Auto Execute 1 4
Z X
Surface List
Surface 2
-Apply-
Leaving the Action as Transform change the Object and

Method to Point/Translate. Edit the Translation Vector to
read <0 0.0094 0> and the Repeat Count to 1. Click in the
Point List box and select Point 5 from the viewport, the
lower left corner point of Surface 2. Point 21 should appear
to guide layout of the remaining four devices.
Position the 8 devices
Set the Action, Object, and Method to Create/Surface/

XYZ. Position the first rectangular device by changing the
Vector Coordinates List to <0.006 0.001 0>, clicking in the
Origin Coordinates List box, and selecting Point 21 from
the viewport.
After constructing Surface 6 use the Transform/

Surface/Translate operations twice to complete the
remaining three device locations. Forms are shown
below.
Geometry Geometry
Geometry
Action: Transform Action: Transform
Action: Create
Object: Surface Object: Surface
Object: Surface
Method: Translate Method: Translate
Method: XYZ
Surface ID List Surface ID List
Surface ID List 7 8
6 Type of Transformation Type of Transformation
Surface Type ◆ Cartesian in Refer. CF ◆ Cartesian in Refer. CF
PATRAN 2 Convention ◆
◆ Curvilinear in Refer. CF ◆
◆ Curvilinear in Refer. CF
Refer. Coordinate Frame Refer. Coordinate Frame Refer. Coordinate Frame

Coord 0 Coord 0 Coord 0
Vector Coordinates List Translation Vector Translation Vector

<0.006 0.001 0> <0.008 0 0> <0 0.0026 0>
Auto Execute Translation Parameters Translation Parameters
Origin Coordinates List Repeat Count Repeat Count
Point 21 1 1
Delete Original Surfaces Delete Original Surfaces

-Apply-
Auto Execute Auto Execute
Surface List Surface List
Surface 6 Surface 6 7
-Apply- -Apply-

Your model should now appear as shown below.
2 3
30 31 34 35
8 9
29 32 33 36
22 23 26 27
6 7
21 24 25 28
6 7 10 11 14 15 18 19
2 3 4 5
5 8 9 12 13 16 17 20
Y
1 4
Z X
5. Create chained curves on the edges of each surface. Create

Change the Action, Object, and Method to Create/Curve/
chained
Chain. Turn off the Delete Constituent Curves option. To curves
create the perimeter chain click in the Curve List box and
then click in the Edge selection icon (third from the top) in
the Select Menu. While holding the <shift> key down
select the four outer edges of Surface 1. The completed
form should now look like the one shown below.
Geometry
Action: Create
Object: Curve
Method: Chain
Curve ID List
1
Auto Chain...
Delete Constituent Curves
Curve List
Surface 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4
-Apply-
Select Apply to complete the function.

Unclutter the display
To create the 8 interior chained curves click in the Curve

List box and drag a rectangle around Surface 2 (the lower
left-most device location). The 4 edge identifiers for
Surface 2 should replace the previous Curve List box entry.
Select Apply to complete the function. Repeat this step
for the remaining seven device surfaces.
Unclutter 6. Unclutter the display by hiding some labels.

the display To simplify the displayed image of your model select
Display from the Menu Bar and select Entity Color/
Label/Render... from the drop-down menu. When the
Entity Color/Label/Render Display form appears select Hide
All Entity Labels and turn on only Curve, Surface, and
TSurf labels. Select Apply then Cancel to complete the
function.
Your model should now appear as shown below.
8 9
8 9
6 7
6 7
2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
Z X
Create a 7. Complete the geometry of the hybrid microcircuit.

trimmed Create the trimmed surface that surrounds the
surface microcircuits devices. Set Action, Object, and Method to
Create/Surface/Trimmed. Select Option as Planar. Turn
off the Delete Outer and Inner Loops switches. Click in the
Outer Loop List databox, click in the Curve selection icon
(second from the top) in the Select Menu and select

Curve 1. Next, click in the Inner Loop List databox and

drag a rectangle around Curves 2 through 9. The
completed Geometry form is shown below for your
reference.
Geometry
Action: Create
Object: Surface
Method: Trimmed
Surface ID List
10
Surface Type
PATRAN 2 Convention
Option: Planar
Auto Chain...
Use All Edge Vertices
Delete Outer Loop
Outer Loop List

Curve 1
Delete Inner Loops
Inner Loop List

Curve 2:9
-Apply-
Your model should now appear as shown on the front panel

of this exercise.
If it does not, select Viewing from the Menu Bar and select
Fit View from the drop-down menu.
8. Quit MSC/PATRAN.
Quit MSC/
To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Menu Bar and Patran
select Quit from the drop-down menu.

Quit MSC/Patran

Exercise 2
Hybrid Microcircuit Finite

Elements
Objective:
■ In this exercise you will mesh the 3D Hybrid Microcircuit
model in two steps.
■ You will use both the IsoMesh and Paver mesher options to
create a surface mesh. These surface elements will then be
swept into solid elements.

Exercise 2 Hybrid Microcircuit Finite Elements
Model Description:
In this exercise you will create a mesh for the 3D hybrid
microcircuit model. You will use a finite element construction
method called 2 1/2 D-meshing to create your 3D finite element
model. This algorithm is an extension to the IsoMesh or Paver
algorithms because it will create elements where no geometry
exists.
The mesh will be created in a two step process. First the surface
geometry will be meshed using both the IsoMesh and Paver
options. The resulting surface elements will be used as a template
to create a solid mesh of hexahedral elements. Finally the
quadrilateral surface elements are deleted.
Exercise Overview:
■ Open the existing database named microcircuit.db.
■ Using Show/Surface/Normal verify that all surface

normals point in the +Z direction. If necessary, edit
normals using Edit/Surface/Reverse.
■ Delete Surface 1 by using Delete/Any and selecting

Surface 1.
■ Mesh the regions containing the devices using

Create/Mesh/Surface and the IsoMesh Mesher.
■ Sweep/Element/Normal to create device hex

elements.
■ Switch to the Paver Mesher and mesh the remaining

trimmed surface geometry.
■ Sweep/Element/Normal with One Way Bias in the

-. Z direction from all surface quads to create
substrate hex elements.
■ Use Finite Elements/Delete/Any and the Select

Menu filter to delete all surface quad elements.
■ Unclutter the display by hiding labels.

Open an existing database
Exercise Procedure:
Open an 1. Open the existing database named microcircuit.db.
existing Within your window environment change directories to the
database microcircuit.db working directory. Run MSC/PATRAN by
Next, select File from the Menu Bar and select Open…
from the drop-down menu. Select the name
microcircuit.db from the Database List box.Select OK to
open the database.
MSC/PATRAN will open a Viewport and change various

Control Panel selections from a ghosted appearance to a
bold format.
From the Menu Bar select Viewing/Named View

Options... Select isometric_view then Close. Select
Viewing/Fit View to readjust the display, if necessary.
This will provide a convenient view for verifying normal
vectors.
Verify 2. Verify that surface normals point in the +Z direction.

surface Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Set the
normals Action, Object, and Method to Show/Surface/Normal.
Select Set Normal Vector Length and enter a Normal
Vector Length of 0.01. Click in the Surface List box and
drag a rectangle around all the displayed geometry.
All normal vectors should point in the global +Z

direction.

If some surfaces have incorrect normal vectors use Edit/

Surface/Reverse in the Geometry form, as shown below, to
point the normals in the +Z direction.
Geometry
Action: Edit
Object: Surface
Method: Reverse
Reverse Associated
Elements
Auto Execute
Surface List
Draw Normal Vectors

Reset Graphics
-Apply-
3. Delete Surface 1. Delete

Set the Action and Object to Delete/Any. Click in the Surface 1
Geometric Entity List box and select Surface 1 from the
viewport. Use the shift-right mouse button to cycle pick
between Surface 10 and Surface 1 or select Surface 1 from
the Selection list window, if necessary. Select Apply to
delete Surface 1. Repaint the screen with the Refresh
Graphics paint brush icon.

IsoMesh device regions
4. Mesh the device regions with an IsoMesh.

IsoMesh
device Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Set
the Action, Object, and Type to Create/Mesh/Surface. Set
regions the Global Edge Length to 0.0012. Click in the Surface List
box and while holding down the <shift> key select the
eight interior device surfaces with the left mouse button.
The completed form is shown below.
Finite Elements
Action: Create
Object: Mesh
Type: Surface
Output IDs
Node ID List
1
Element ID List
1 1
8 8
Global Edge Length 6 9 9
6
0.0012 7 7
Element Topology
Quad4 10
Quad5 2
Quad8 3
2 3 4
4 5
Mesher Y 5
◆IsoMesh◆
◆Paver
Z X
IsoMesh Parameters...
Node Coordinate Frames...
Surface List
Surface 2:9
-Apply-
Select Apply to complete the meshing function. The

display should appear as shown above. If it does not, select
the undo icon and analyze the error to a resolution.

5. Create device hex elements.

Create
Set the Action, Object, and Method to Sweep/Element/ device hex
Normal. (If the Mesh Control form appears click OK to
accept the defaults.) Change the Normal Length to 0.001. elements
Click in the Base Entity List box and drag a rectangle
around the eight sets of quad elements. Select Apply to
complete the meshing function. The completed form and
resultant display are shown below.
Finite Elements
Action: Sweep
Object: Element
Method: Normal
Output IDs
Element ID List
37
Node ID List
85
8 1
FE Parameters...
6 9
Mesh Control...
7
Normal Length
0.001 10
Offset 2
3 4
0.0
5
Reverse Normal Direction Y
Delete Original Elements X
Z
Base Entity List
Elm 1:36
-Apply-
6. Mesh the remaining trimmed surface with Paver.

Create the
Set the Action, Object, and Method to Create/Mesh/ substrate
Surface. The Global Edge Length should be set to 0.0012.
Select Paver as the Mesher option. Click in the Surface Paver mesh
List box and select the remaining unmeshed trimmed
surface, Surface 10. Select Apply to complete the function.
If you experience anyproblems selecting Surface 10, use
Preferences/Picking.../(Single Picking) Centroid.

Create the substrate hex mesh
7. Sweep a one-way-biased mesh of hex elements in

Create the the - Z direction from all surface quads.
substrate Set the Action, Object, and Method to Sweep/Element/
hex mesh Normal. (If the Mesh Control form does not appear click on
Mesh Control...) In the Mesh Control form change the
Method to One Way Bias set Number to 3 and L2/L1 to 4.
Select OK to close the Mesh Control form.
In the Finite Elements form set Normal Length to 0.005 and

turn on Reverse Normal Directions. Click in the Base
Entity List box and drag a rectangle around all of the
elements in the viewport. (The default Select Menu filter
will allow selection of only the quad/tri elements.) The
form should appear as shown below.
Finite Elements Mesh Control
Action: Sweep Method:
One Way Bias
Object: Element
Method: Normal Mesh Control Data
L1 L2
Output IDs
Element ID List
397
◆ Num Elems and L2/L1
◆
◆ L1 and L2
Node ID List Number = 3
608
L2/L1 = 4
FE Parameters...
OK
Mesh Control...
Normal Length
0.005
Offset
0.0 8 1
Reverse Normal Direction 6 9
Delete Original Elements 7
Base Entity List 10

Elm 1:36 109:396 2
3 4
5
-Apply- Y
Z X
Select Apply to complete the meshing function. The

resultant display is shown above.

8. Delete all surface quad elements.

Delete all
In the Finite Elements form set Action and Object to quad
Delete/Any.
elements
Click in the Finite Element Entity List box. In the Select
Menu choose the quad element filter icon (third from the
top), in the second level Select Menu choose the quad
element filter (fifth from the top), and drag a rectangle
around all entities displayed in the viewport. The form
should now appear as shown below.
Finite Elements
Action: Delete
Object: Any
Delete
Node and Related
Empty Groups
Element and Related
Node
Empty Groups
MPC's
Node
Empty Groups
Auto Execute
Finite Element Entity List
Elm 1:36 109:396
-Apply-

Unclutter the display
9. Unclutter the display by hiding labels.

Unclutter
the display To simplify the display of your model select Display from
the Menu Bar and select Plot/Erase... from the drop-down
menu. When the Plot/Erase form appears select Erase All
Geometry. Select OK to close the form.
Select Display from the Menu Bar and select Entity

Color/Label/Render… from the drop-down menu. When
the Entity Color/Label/Render form appears select Hide All
Entity Labels. Click in the Render Style: box and select
Hidden Line or use Hide Labels and Hidden Line icons
shown to the right. Select Apply then Cancel to complete
the function.
Your model should now appear as shown on the front panel

of this exercise. Reset the Render Style to Wireframe.
10. Quit MSC/PATRAN.

Quit MSC/
Patran Select File on the Menu Bar and select Quit from the drop-
down menu.

Exercise 3
Equivalence and Verify the

Hybrid Mesh
Z X
Objective:
■ In this exercise you will equivalence the 3D Hybrid
Microcircuit model mesh.
■ You will sample the finite element verification functions to

examine the aspect ratio, skewness, and taper of the mesh
elements.

Exercise 3 Equivalence and Verify the Hybrid Mesh
Model Description:
The hybrid microcircuit is monolithic: all material interfaces have
negligible resistance to heat transfer. Hence, there are no contact
resistances modeled in the structure and the entire model is
materially continuous. In this exercise you will identify any
incongruities, “cracks”, in the finite element mesh and equivalence
to eliminate them.
You will examine the completed mesh with quantitative

verification tools. You will evaluate the mesh element aspect ratio,
taper, and skewness. These are generally useful in qualitatively
assessing the accuracy of results and identifying problem areas for
convergence to a solution.
Exercise Overview:
■ Use Finite Element/Verify/Element/Boundaries to

identify any “cracks” which remain as artifacts from
the geometry creation and meshing process.
■ Equivalence/All/Tolerance Cube to eliminate

duplicate nodes and eliminate “cracks” in the mesh.
■ Verify/Hex/Aspect to identify elements with aspect

ratios greater than 3.0.
■ Verify/Hex/Face Skew to identify elements with

face skew angles greater than 110 degrees.
■ Verify/Hex/Face Taper to identify elements with

highly tapered faces.

Exercise Procedure:
Open an 1. Open the existing database
Next, select File from the Menu Bar and select Open...
microcircuit.db from the Database List box.
Select OK to open the database.

Control Panel selections from a ghosted appearance to a
bold format.
2. Identify any “cracks” which remain as artifacts from

Identify the geometry creation and meshing process.
cracks in To identify mesh boundaries select the Finite Elements
mesh Applications radio button. Set the Action, Object, and Test
to Verify/Element/Boundaries. Select Apply. The display
should appear as shown below.
Z X
Equivalence 3. Equivalence nodes to eliminate duplicate nodes and

eliminate “cracks” in the mesh.
mesh nodes
Set the Action, Object, and Method to Equivalence/All/
Tolerance Cube. Select Apply to complete the function.

The nodes bounding the interior cracks will be circled in

the display and the Command Line will indicate that a
number of nodes are deleted.
Reexamine the mesh boundaries after equivalencing with

Verify/Element/Boundaries. Your model should appear
as shown on the front panel of this exercise.
4. Identify elements with aspect ratios greater than 3.0.

Evaluate
In the Finite Elements form set the Action, Object, and Test element
to Verify/Hex/Aspect. Change the Aspect Ratio to
approximately 3.0. Select Apply. The completed form and aspect ratios
resultant display are shown below. Since the paver mesher
was used your results may vary from those shown below.
Finite Elements
Action: Verify
Object: Hex
Type: Aspect
Reliability Threshold
h1
h2 h2
h1
Normalize
Analysis Code:
MSC/THERMAL
0. 20.
3.07
Aspect Ratio
Element Plot Options

Color Code Elements
Plot Failed Elements Only
Reset Graphics
Apply Reset

Evaluate element face skewness
MSC/THERMAL is reliable in converging to a solution

even with elements of relatively high aspect ratio. However
it is left to the analyst to decide whether too large a gradient
is resolved across the long dimension of a high aspect ratio
element. If this is so then resolving the mesh to a lower
aspect ratio in that area will yield more accuracy.
Evaluate 5. Identify elements with face skew angles greater than

element face 110 degrees.
skewness In the Finite Elements form set the Action, Object, and Test
to Verify/Hex/Face Skew. Change the Face Skew Angle to
approximately 20.0. Select Apply. The completed form
and resultant display are shown below. Since the paver
mesher was used your results may vary from those shown
below.
Finite Elements
Action: Verify
Object: Hex
Type: Face Skew
(90°-α)
Normalize
Analysis Code:
MSC/THERMAL
0. 90.
20.05
Face Skew Angle

Color Code Elements
Reset Graphics
Apply Reset

The finite element formulation of an R-C network in MSC/

THERMAL has been developed to provide a higher order
accuracy to the resultant temperature distribution than is
available with the traditional lumped mass/element
centroid technique. Hence, even meshes with skewed
elements yield results which do not contain artifacts of the
mesh geometry.
6. Identify elements with highly tapered faces. Evaluate

In the Finite Elements form set the Action, Object, and Test
element face
to Verify/Hex/Face Taper. Change the Face Taper to taper
approximately 0.90. Select Apply. The completed form
and resultant display are shown below. Since the paver
mesher was used your results may vary from those shown
below.
Finite Elements
Action: Verify
Object: Hex
Typet: Face Taper
a
4a
A
Normalize
Analysis Code:
MSC/THERMAL
0. 1.
.90
Face Taper

Color Code Elements
Reset Graphics
Apply Reset

Quit MSC/Patran
The verification functions in MSC/PATRAN provide a tool

for quantifying the geometric quality of a finite element
mesh. The criteria which determine the performance of the
mesh in a numerical analysis remain the province of the
analyst and his or her experience with the particular
analysis.
7. Quit MSC/PATRAN.
Quit MSC/
Patran Before exiting, reset graphics using the Reset Graphics
icon.
To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Menu Bar and


Exercise 4
Materials, Lists, and Groups
Objective:
■ In this exercise you will define material properties and apply
them as element properties on the hybrid microcircuit mesh.
■ You will also use lists and groups as tools to more easily
manipulate your model.
PATRAN 312 Exercises -Version7.5 4-1

Exercise 4 Materials, Lists, and Groups
Model Description:
In this exercise you will define several groups which will contain
subsets of model entities. These groups can facilitate model
manipulation. You will define materials by entering the data
manually based on the information provided These materials will
be applied as element properties. Lists will be used to demonstrate
their utility in completing the application and verification of
element properties.
Exercise Overview:
■ Use Create//Isotropic/Manual Input to define the

five materials used in this model.
■ Use Group/Create to define a group containing only

geometry, another containing only FEM entities, and
two more groups dividing the substrate FEM and the
device FEM.
■ Use Properties/Create/3D/Thermal 3D Solid to

apply the material properties to 4 of the 5 material
regions; intentionally ignore the silicon region.
■ Use List/Create... and List/Boolean...to identify

elements which have not had a material property
.
applied.
■ Complete application of material properties using the

‘listc‘ contents as input.

Hybrid Microcircuit Materials
Hybrid
Microcircuit
Materials
Figure 1-Material Location
A B
C D E
A B
Substrate Layers
Devices
& Solder Table 1-Material Information
Material Conductivity (w/m-C)

(A) Silicon 148.0
(B) Solder 35.7
(C) Alumina 30.1
(D) Molybdenum 139.0
(E) Kovar 13.9
Exercise Procedure:
Open an 1. Open the existing database
Next, select File from the Menu Bar and select Open…
microcircuit.db from the Database List box.
Select OK to open the database.


Main Form selections from a ghosted appearance to a bold
format.
2. Define the five materials used in this model.
Define a material by selecting the Materials Applications

Define
radio button. Set the Action, Object, and Method to materials
Create/Isotropic/Manual Input. Enter the Material
Name Silicon and select Input Properties... to enter the
data. In the Input Options form enter the value provided in
Table 1 for Thermal Conductivity. Enter 1.0 for Density
and Specific Heat; these are inert values which are required
in the form but not used in a steady-state analysis. The
completed form is shown below.
Input Options Materials
Constitutive Model: Thermal Properties Action: Create
Object: Isotropic
Property Name Value
Method: Manual Input
Thermal Conductivity = 148.0
Density = 1.0
* Filter
Specific Heat = 1.0
Existing Materials
[Phase change temperature]
[Latent Heat] =
Time, Temperature or Constant Fields:
Material Name
Silicon
Description
Current Constitutive Models: Date: 15-Nov-95
Time: 09:48:33
Code: MSC/THERMAL
-Apply- Clear Cancel Type: Thermal
Input Properties...
Change Material Status...
Select Apply to define the material.

Define geometry and FEM groups
Without closing the Input Options form edit the Material

Name and repeat the steps for the remaining four
materials renaming them appropriately, Solder,
Alumina, Molybdenum, and Kovar. Select Cancel to
close Input Options.
3. Divide the geometry and FEM into working groups.

Define
geometry Select Group from the Menu Bar and select Create…
from the drop-down menu. Click in the New Group Name
and FEM box and enter hybrid_geom; click in the Group Contents:
groups menu and select Add All Geometry. The completed form
is shown below.
Group Create
Current Viewport
default_viewport
Filter Specification
*
Filter
Existing Group Names
default_group
New Group Name

hybrid_geom
Make Current
Unpost All Other Groups
Group Contents:
Add All Geometry
-Apply- Cancel
Reselect Group/Create, if necessary. Click in the New

Group Name box enter hybrid_fem click in the Group
Contents: menu and select Add All FEM. Turn on Unpost
All Other Groups. Select Apply to complete the function.

Options... Select side_view then Close. Select Viewing/
Fit View to readjust the display. This is a convenient view
for creating the next two groups.This can also be
accomplished using the Tool Bar Right Side View icon.

Reselect Group/Create. Click in the New Group Name

box enter substrate_fem. Click in the Group Contents:
menu and select Add Entity Selection. Turn off Make
Current, Posted, and Unpost All Other Groups. From the
Select Menu select the Select any FEM entity filter, third
icon from the top; from the next level Select Menu select
the Element filter, also third from the top; finally, in the
third level Select Menu select the Hex element filter, eighth
from top. Drag a rectangle around the perimeter of the
substrate selecting only the 3 layers of substrate hex
elements. The form is shown below.
Group Create
Current Viewport
default_viewport
*
Filter
Existing Group Names
default_group
hybrid_geom
hybrid_fem
New Group Name

substrate_fem
Make Current
Posted
Group Contents:
Add Entity Selection
Entity Selection
Elm 397:1368
-Apply- Cancel
Repeat these steps dragging a rectangle around only

the device area and solder to create the last group
named device_fem.

Apply element properties
4. Apply the material properties to 4 of the 5 material

Apply regions; intentionally ignore the silicon region.
element Select the Properties Applications radio button. Set the
properties Action, Dimension, and Type to Create/3D/Thermal 3D
Solid. Enter Property Set Name prop_kovar. Select the
Input Properties... box. In the Input Properties form, click in
the Material Name box and select Kovar from the
Material Properties Sets list. Select OK to close the form.
Click in the Select Members box. From the at the bottom of

the screen select the Select a Solid element filter, second
icon from the top, and drag a rectangle around the lowest
layer of hex elements, region E in Figure 1. The completed
form is shown below. Select Add then Apply to complete
the function.
Input Properties Element Properties
3D SOLID Action: Create
Property Name Value Value Type Dimension: 3D
Type: Thermal 3D Solid
Material Name m:Kovar Mat Prop Name
[Material orient.-X] Real Scalar Existing Property Sets
[Material orient.-Y] Real Scalar

[Material orient.-Z] Real Scalar
Property Set Name
prop_kovar
Option(s):
FE hex, tet, wedge
Material Property Sets
Silicon Input Properties...
Solder
Alumina Application Region
Molybdenum
Kovar Select Members
Elm 1045:1368
OK Add Remove
Application Region
-Apply-
Repeat these steps for the next three layers of elements

naming the properties prop_moly, prop_alumina, and
prop_solder. Be certain to select the appropriate
material for each layer. Omit assigning element
properties to the silicon devices. Refer to Figure 1 for
material locations.
We are intentionally omitting the application of a material

property to some elements. However, it is not unusual in
practice to inadvertently omit assigning an element
property to some elements. Use lists to recover them.
5. Identify elements which do not have a material

property applied. Using lists
to find
Select Tools from the Menu Bar and select List from the
drop-down menu and Create… from the submenu. Set the elements
Model, Object, and Method to FEM/Element/
Association. In the Association frame scroll to and select
Group. In the Existing Groups frame select hybrid_fem.
Select Apply. All elements will be listed in ‘lista‘
contents:.
Find Target List at the bottom of the Create List form select
“B”. Set the Model, Object, and Method to FEM/Element/
Attribute. In the Attribute list select Material. In the
Existing Materials list drag through all listed materials and
select all materials. Select Apply. Elements with defined
materials are listed in ‘listb‘ contents:.
The resulting forms are shown below.

Create List List A Create List
Model: FEM `lista` contents: Model: FEM
Object: Element Element 37:108 397:1368 Object: Element
Method: Association Method: Attribute
Association Attribute
Surface Select
Face Add To Group... Property Set
Solid Material
Node Remove From Group... Fringe Value
Group
Highlight Clear
Filter Specification Previous Cancel *
*
Filter
Filter
Existing Materials
Existing Materials List B
Silicon
default_group `listb` contents:
device_fem Solder
Element 37:72 397:1368
hybrid_fem Alumina
hybrid_geom Kovar
substrate_fem
Add To Group... Target List

Target List
◆ “A”
Remove From Group...
◆
◆ “A”
◆
◆ “B” Highlight Clear ◆ “B”
Previous Cancel Apply Cancel
Apply Cancel

Complete the element properties
Since Lista A contains all elements and List B contains all

elements with a material attribute, subtracting List B from
List A will yield List C which will contain all elements
which do not have material attributes.
Select Tools/List from the Menu Bar and select Boolean…

from the submenu. The Boolean List form will offer several
options for Boolean operations, choose the A-B icon. The
variable ‘listc‘ now contains the desired element list.
Select Cancel to exit the Boolean List and select Cancel
again to exit the Create List form. The contents of ‘lista‘,
‘listb‘, and ‘listc‘ are retained.
MSC/PATRAN supplies a set of utilities collected under

the name Utilities. When installed, Utilities provides a
utility, Utilities/Group/Group Elements with No
Properties..., which accomplishes the preceding steps in
three mouse clicks. We will discuss and use Utilities in
later lectures and exercises.
6. Complete application of material properties using

Complete the ‘listc‘ contents as input.
the element
To complete element properties return to Create/3D/
properties Thermal 3D Solid. Change the Property Set Name to
prop_silicon. Complete the Input Properties form by
selecting Silicon from the Material Property Sets. In the
Select Members box type ‘listc‘ (use reverse apostrophes).
Notice that ‘listc‘ is evaluated in the Application Region.
Select Add then Apply to complete the function.

Options... from the drop-down menu. Select
isometric_view select Apply Named View then Close. Or
use Tool Bar Iso 1 View icon.
In the Element Properties form set Action as Show, in

Existing Properties select Material Name, and in Display
Method select Scalar Plot. Select Groups as hybrid_fem
and select Apply. The model should now appear as on the
front panel of the exercise.
7. Quit MSC/PATRAN
Quit MSC/
Patran To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Menu Bar and

Exercise 5
Thermal Analysis using

Imported CAD Geometry
Objective:
■ In this exercise you will complete a thermal analysis of a
model created from imported CAD geometry.

Exercise 5 Thermal Analysis using Imported Geometry
Model Description:
In this exercise analyze an oven lid clamp. The clamp geometry (in
centimeters) will be imported as ProEngineer geometry; from it, create a B-
rep solid. Use the Auto TetMesh Mesher to mesh the solid. Apply boundary
conditions, complete the analysis and review the results.
This stainless steel (MID 364) clamp is used to clamp the perimeter flange
on a pressurized processing oven lid. The oven lid surface can reach 300oC
for several days. The lid is insulated; the insulation is sometimes pierced by
the clamp edge. The clamp mounting boss is fastened with two bolts and
thermal grease (total contact h = 0.01 w/oC-cm2) to a room temperature
(20oC) water cooled sink.
Determine both that the bracket mounting boss will remain at or below 50oC
to ensure safe handling during disassembly and that the spring tab knee and
boss transition areas remain at or below 150oC to prevent loss of clamping
force due to creep.
This exercise will introduce a different format for guiding data entry,
keystrokes, and mouse operations. Though all actions and entries required
to accomplish a given step are provided some additional synthesis may be
required by the user since exact images of the entry forms are not provided.
Exercise Overview:
■ Open a new database named exercise_05.db.
■ Import Pro/ENGINEER primitive geometry from a file

named oventab.geo.
■ Create a B-rep solid from these surfaces and delete the

original surfaces in the process.
■ Mesh the solid with the TetMesh Mesher using Tet4

elements, a global edge length of 4.0, and an allowable
curvature error parameter of 0.25 to limit element
resolution on curved edges.
■ Define an element property over all the solid elements

using a material name of 364.
■ Create a boundary sink node 999 below the mounting

boss and not associated with geometry.
■ Change the view for application of boundary conditions
■ Apply a 20oC fixed temperature to the sink node.

Open a new database
■ Apply a fixed temperature of 300oC to the edge of the

solid in contact with the lid.
■ Apply a convection boundary condition of 0.01 w/oC-

cm2 to the underside of the mounting boss.
■ Select the mpidcgs.bin file in the P/Thermal Translation

Parameters form in order to select the correct material
property units.
■ Run the analysis and read the results into the database.
■ Fringe plot the temperature results and evaluate them

against the requirements.
Exercise Procedure:
Open a new 1. Open a new database named exercise_05.db.
database Within your window environment change directories to a convenient
working directory. Run MSC/PATRAN by typing p3 in your xterm window.
Next, select File from the Menu Bar and select New … from the drop-down
menu. Assign the name exercise_05.db to the new database by clicking in
the New Database Name box and entering exercise_05 (.db will
automatically be appended).
File
New ...
New Database Name exercise_05
OK
MSC/PATRAN will open a Viewport and change various Control Panel

selections from a ghosted appearance to a bold format. When the New Model
Preferences form appears on your screen, set the Tolerance to Default, and
the Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL. Select OK to close the New Model
Preferences form.
Tolerance ◆ Default
Analysis Code MSC/THERMAL
OK

2. Import Pro/ENGINEER primitive geometry from a file named

oventab.geo. Import CAD
geometry
Select File from the Menu Bar and select Import… from the drop-down
menu. Change the Object, Source, and File Type list boxes as shown below.
It may be necessary to select a path and use the Filter button to locate the
oventab.geo file which should be contained in your home directory.
File
Import...
Object Model
Source Pro/ENGINEER
File Type Primitive Geometry
Pro/ENGINEER Files oventab.geo
Apply
The model geometry will be imported. A Pro/ENGINEER Model Import

Summary form will provide statistics on the entity type and quantity
imported. Click OK to close this form.
OK
The display should appear as shown below.

Import CAD geometry
Select Viewing from the Menu Bar or use the Tool Bar Iso 1 View con to
change to an isometric_view.
Viewing
Named View Options...
Select Named View isometric_view
Close
Or, use the Tool Bar Iso 1 View Icon.
The model should appear as shown below.
Z X

3. Create a B-rep solid from these surfaces and delete the original
surfaces in the process. Create a B-rep
solid
Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Create a B-rep solid using
the following Action, Object, and Method.
◆ Geometry
Create/Solid/B-rep
Delete Original Surfaces
Auto Execute
Surface List <drag a rectangle around all surfaces>

Apply
A message window will request confirmation of deletion. Select Yes.
Yes
B-rep solid 1 is displayed as white in the viewport.
4. Mesh the solid with the TetMesh Mesher using Tet4 elements, TetMesh the
a global edge length of 4.0, and an allowable curvature error
parameter of 0.25 to limit element resolution on curved edges. B-rep solid
Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Set the Action,
Object, and Type to Create/Mesh/Solid. The Isomesh Mesher is used on
regular parametric solids. In order to mesh this B-rep solid use the TetMesh
Mesher. Use the default Tet4 topology and adjust the Global Edge Length
and TetMesh Parameters to reduce the mesh resolution for this analysis.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Solid
Global Edge Length 2.5
Mesher ◆ TetMesh
Solid List <select Solid 1>
Apply

Apply element properties to the elements
Your model should appear as shown below.
Z X
Apply 5. Define an element property over all the solid elements using a
material MID of 364.
element
properties to Select the Properties Applications radio button. Set the Action, Dimension,
the elements and Type to Create/3D/Thermal 3D Solid. In the Input Properties form enter
an MID of 364 for the Material Name and select Solid 1 as the Select
Member region.
◆ Properties
Create/3D/Thermal 3D Solid
Property Set Name Stainless_steel
Input Properties...
Material Name 364
Ok
Select Members <select Solid 1>
Add
Create a
boundary Apply
sink node
6. Create a boundary sink node 999 below the mounting boss and
not associated with geometry.
Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Create a boundary

node which is not associated with geometry. The node is numbered 999.
Locate the node at [0 -5 0] centered below the mounting boss.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 999
Associate with Geometry
Node Location List [0 -5 0]

Apply
7. Increase node display size and change the view to a Y-Z, Increase
side_view. Rotate the view to show the bottom surface of the
mounting boss. node size
and change
Increase the display size of nodes to facilitate the application of boundary to a Y-Z view
condition. Use either Display/Finite Elements... or the associated Tool Bar
icon to change the node size.
Display
Finite Elements...
Node Size (use slider bar) 6
Apply
Cancel
Select Viewing from the Menu Bar to change to a side_view of the model.
Alternately, this step can be completed using the Tool Bar Right Side View
icon.
Viewing
Select Named View side_view
Close

Increase node size and change to a Y-Z view
Using Viewing/Transformations... from the drop down menu to change the

view point by tilting the 15o around the -Z axis to show the bottom surface
of the mounting boss.
Viewing
Transformations...
Options...
Rotation increment (deg) 15 <use slider bar>
OK
<select this icon once for a
15o -Z rotation>
OK
The model should appear as shown below. Note location of Node 999.
Node 999

8. Fix the boundary node temperatures at 20.0oC.

Fix nodal
Begin applying boundary conditions. Select the Load/BCs Applications boundary
radio button. Create a fixed 20.0oC nodal boundary named Sink.
temperature
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Temperature/Nodal
Option: Fixed
New Set Name Sink
Input Data...
In the Input Data form define the fixed temperature.
Fixed Temperature 20.0

OK
Select Application Region...
In the Select Applications Region form pick node 999.
◆ FEM
Select Nodes <select node 999>
Add
OK
Apply
In order to facilitate applying the next two boundary conditions change the
display. Select Display then Entity Color/Label/Render ... Change Render
Style to Shaded/Flat or use the Tool Bar Smooth Shaded icon to affect the
change.
Display
Entity Color/Label/Render...
Render Style Shaded/Flat
Apply
Cancel

Fix nodal boundary temperature
The display should appear as shown below. The lower contact edge of the
spring tab, and the bottom of the mounting boss should now be visible.
Lower spring tab edge
Bottom of mounting boss
Apply the fixed edge temperature. Enter a New Set Name Edge with a fixed
temperature of 300.0oC applied to lower edge of the spring tab.
New Set Name Edge

Input Data...
OK
◆ Geometry
Select Geometry Entities <Choose Select a Curve icon, shown,
from the Select Menu>
<select lower spring tab linear
edge, Solid 1.15.3.>
Add
OK
Apply

The display should highlight each node and append the fixed temperature.
On some displays the symbol and value may be difficult to discern.
9. Apply contact heat transfer coefficient. Apply

Create the contact heat transfer coefficient boundary conditions with the contact heat
Use Correlations option and the heat transfer coefficient provided, 0.01 w/ transfer
oC-cm2. Name the set contact and apply the boundary condition to the
coefficient
surface on the bottom of the mounting boss.
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Convection/Element Uniform
Option: Use Correlations
New Set Name contact
Target Element Type 3D
Input Data...
In the Input Data form provide the heat transfer coefficient and fluid node.
Leave the Template ID field blank.
Convection Coefficient 0.01

Fluid Node ID 999
OK
In the Select Applications Region form select the bottom face of the mounting
boss. When selecting the surface the surface chosen will be highlighted. If
the incorrect surface is selected simply reselect closer to the centroidal
location of the bottom mounting boss surface. The centroid is located
between the mounting holes and centered on the width of the surface.
◆Geometry
Select Solid Faces <select the bottom surface of the
mounting boss, Solid 1.1>
Add
OK
Apply

Prepare and run analysis
With boundary conditions applied the model should appear as shown below.
10. Prepare and submit the model for analysis.

Prepare and
Reset the model to an isometric_view. Select Viewing from the Menu Bar
run analysis to change to a isometric_view of the model. Alternately, this step can be
completed using the Tool Bar Iso 1 View icon.
Viewing
Close
Reset the graphics using the Reset Graphics icon.
Reduce node size using the Node Size icon.

Select the Analysis Applications radio button to prepare the analysis. There
are five parameter forms. Change the Translation Parameters... as shown
below. The analysis will be submitted by selecting Apply in the Analysis
form.
◆ Analysis
Analyze/Full Model/Full Run
Translation Parameters...
File to Extract Undefined Materials: 4, mpidcgs.bin (CGS Units)
OK
Solution Parameters...
Calculation Temperature Scale ◆ Celsius
OK
Output Requests...
Units Scale for Output Temperatures ◆ Celsius
OK
Apply
11. Read results file and plot results.

Read and plot
From within MSC/PATRAN the only indication that the analysis has results
successfully finished is the existence of an nrX.nrf.01 results file in a
subdirectory one level below your working directory.
Recall that p3 was initiated from a working directory which contained the
exercise_05.db database file. The analysis, initiated from within MSC/
PATRAN, created a new subdirectory with the same name as the Job Name;
it should be named exercise_05/. By using Read Result in the Analysis form
and Selecting Results File... you can filter down to the Job Name
subdirectory and check for the existence of the results file.
◆ Analysis
Read Results/Result Entities
Select Results File...
Directories <path>/exercise_05
Filter

Quit MSC/Patran
Available Files nr0.nrf.01
OK
Select Rslt Template File...
Files pthermal_1_nodal.res_tmpl
OK
Apply
To plot the results to posted FEM use the Results Application radio button.
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot
Select Result Cases TIME: 0.0000000000D+00 S...
Select Fringe Result Temperature,
Select the Fringe Attributes icon.
Display: Element Edges

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
Significant figures 4 <use slider bar>
OK
Apply
The model should now appear as shown on the front panel of this exercise.
What is the maximum reported temperature on the mounting boss? Is it at

or below the required maximum of 50oC?
Do the spring tab knee and mounting boss transition temperatures meet the
requirement of 150oC?
12. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/
Patran To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Menu Bar and select Quit from
the drop-down menu.

Exercise 6
Comparison of Two Heat

Sink Designs
Objective:
■ Model two competing finned heat sinks.
■ These will be 2D axisymmetric slices.
PATRAN 312 Exercises -Version 7.5 6-1

Exercise 6 Comparison of Two Heat Sink Designs
Model Description:
In this exercise you will model a section of a finned heatsink in order to
compare the effect of using different materials.
The model is a representative fin section of a compressor cylinder casing.

The maximum total heating on the casing interior has been determined. A
choice of materials is open; the casing can be either aluminum or 1020 steel.
Other than cost the only remaining discriminator is temperature; the interior
casing surface must not exceed 212oF. If both materials keep this surface at
or below 212oF steel will be used otherwise aluminum would be the
material of choice. This analysis will determine the material choice.
Figure 1: Slice Through Compressor Cylinder Casing
Materials:
Aluminum: MID = 1
1020 Steel MID = 353
R = 2.00 in.
Model this section to simplify

boundary conditions
Tambient = 80oF
1.0 in. 3.0 in.
0.30 in.
0.30 in.
q/A = 3,400 Btu/hr-ft2

h =2.0 Btu/hr-ft2

Open a new database
Exercise Overview:
■ Create a new database named exercise_06.db. Set Tolerance to
Default, and the Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL.
■ Create the five surfaces which define the heat sink geometry.
■ Transform the geometry to create the second heat sink.
■ Mesh the surfaces with an IsoMesh.
■ Create an ambient node 999.
■ Equivalence the nodes at the mating surface edges.
■ Apply element properties to the elements using the MID’s

provided. These are 2D Thermal Axisymmetric elements.
■ Apply temperature, flux and convection boundary conditions.
■ Prepare and submit the model for analysis specifying that it is

an Axisymmetric Geometry model, that a units conversion is
required, and that the direct solver will be used for analysis.
■ Read the results file and plot results.
■ Check the results against the requirement of 212oF.
Exercise Procedure:
Next, select File from the Top Menu Bar and select New … from the drop-
down menu. Assign the name exercise_06.db to the new database by
clicking in the New Database Name box and entering exercise_06.
File
New ...
OK

MSC/PATRAN will open a Viewport and change various Main Form

Preferences form.
OK
2. Create the five surfaces which define the model geometry. Create the
Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Create a surface using the heat sink
following Action, Object, and Method. Click in the appropriate list boxes to surfaces
edit the default values and change them to values listed below.
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Vector Coordinate List <1 0.3 0>
Origin Coordinates List [2 0 0]
Apply
Surface 1 will appear in the viewport. As shown below

Create the heat sink surfaces
Remaining in the Geometry form change the Action, Object, and Method to
Transform the existing surface into the required geometry. The Translation
Vector entries are easily determined from Figure 1 and are included in the
form entries below.
◆ Geometry
Transform/Surface/Translate
Translation Vector <0 0.3 0>
Auto Execute
Surface List <select Surface 1 in the viewport>

Apply
Or, use Show Label icon to display labels.
Complete the fin by transforming the newly created Surface 2. Note that the
Repeat Count is adjusted to 3 to create the full fin length.
◆ Geometry
Translation Vector <1 0 0>
Repeat Count 3
Surface List <select Surface 2 in the viewport>
Apply
The resulting model is shown below.
5 6 7 9 11
2 3 4 5
2 3 8 10 12
1
1 4
Y
Z X

3. Transform the geometry to create the second heat sink.

Create the
Duplicate the entire heat sink cross section by transforming all the existing second heat
surfaces. Note that the Repeat Count is adjusted back to 1 to create the a
single copy of the heat sink. The completed geometry is shown below. sink
◆ Geometry
Repeat Count 1
Surface List <drag a rectangle around all surfaces>
Apply
The display should now appear as shown below.
17 18 19 21 23
7 8 9 10
14 15 20 22 24
6
13 16
5 6 7 9 11
2 3 4 5
2 3 8 10 12
1
1 4
Y
Z X

IsoMesh the surfaces
4. Mesh the surfaces with an IsoMesh.

IsoMesh the
surfaces Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Set the Action,
Object, and Type to Create/Mesh/Surface. Accept the Global Edge Length
of 0.1 and select all surfaces for inclusion in the Surface List.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Surface
Surface List <drag a rectangle
around all surfaces>
Apply
Use Hide Label Icons to turn off all labels.
Z X

5. Create an ambient node 999.

Create an
Using the Finite Elements form create a boundary node which is not ambient
associated with geometry. The node is numbered 999. Locate the node at
[6.2 0.9 0] to the right of and between the two models. node
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 999
Node Location List [6.2 0.9 0]

Apply
Increase the display size of nodes to facilitate the application of boundary

condition. Use either Display/Finite Element... or the associated Tool Bar
Node Size icon to change the node size. The model should now appear as
shown below.
Display
Finite Element...
Node Size 6
Apply
Cancel
Y
Z X

Equivalence nodes
6. Equivalence the nodes at the mating surface edges.

Equivalence
nodes Using the Finite Elements form set the Action/Object/Method to
Equivalence/All/Tolerance Cube and select Apply to eliminate duplicate
nodes created at geometric entity edges.
◆ Finite Elements
Equivalence/All/Tolerance Cube
Apply
7. Apply element properties to the elements using the

Apply two material properties MID’s, 1 and 353.
element In a typical modelling sequence the Materials Application radio button
properties would be the next stop to define a material for application in Element
Properties. However, MSC/THERMAL includes a Material Properties
Database which contains 970 materials with thermal properties already
defined. Use this database to facilitate the analysis.
Select the PropertiesApplications radio button. Set the Action, Dimension,

and Method to Create/2D/Thermal Axisymmetric. Enter Property Set
Name Steel. Select the Input Properties... box. In the Input Properties form,
click in the Material Name box and enter 353. Select OK to close the
form.Click in the Select Members box and drag a rectangle around the lower
model in the viewport. Select Add then Apply in the Element Properties form
to complete the element property definition.
◆ Properties
Create/2D/
Thermal Axisymmetric
Property Set Name Steel
Input Properties...
Material Name 353
Ok
Select Members <drag a rectangle
around the lower heat
sink model surfaces>
Add
Apply
Perform the same steps for upper model using, Aluminum, for the
Property Set Name, and 1 for the Material Name.

8. Apply the temperature, convection, and flux

boundary conditions to the model. Apply
boundary
Begin applying boundary conditions. Select the Load/BCs Applications
radio button. Create a fixed 80.0oF nodal boundary named Ambient In the conditions
Input Data form define the fixed temperature. In the Select Applications Region
form pick node 999.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name Ambient
Input Data...
OK
Geometry Filter ◆ FEM
Add
OK
Apply
Create the heat transfer coefficient boundary conditions with the Use
Correlations option, set name Air, and a heat transfer coefficient of 2.0
Btu/oF-hr-ft2. Apply the boundary condition to the exposed edges of both
finned heat sinks as shown in Figure1. The same boundary condition is
applied to both heat sink models.
◆ Load/BCs
New Set Name Air
Input Data...

Apply boundary conditions

Fluid Node ID 999
OK
In the Select Applications Region form select the right facing and bottom
facing exposed edges of the finned heat sinks. Switch to the Select an Edge
icon in the Select Menu form. When selecting the edges the edge chosen will
be highlighted. Hold down the <shift> key and use the left mouse button to
collect all the edges in the Select Surfaces or Edges box.
Geometry Filter ◆Geometry

Select Menu Select an Edge icon
Select Surfaces or Edges <using shift-left mouse button select

the edges highlighted in Figure 1 for
both heat sink models>
Add
OK
Apply
Create a set name Flux of 3400 Btu/hr-ft2. Apply the boundary condition
to the left facing edges of both finned heat sinks as shown in Figure1. The
same boundary condition is applied to both heat sink models.
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Heating/Element Uniform
Option: Fluxes
New Set Name Flux
Input Data...
Heat Flux 3400
OK

In the Select Applications Region form select the left facing exposed edges of
the finned heat sinks. Switch to the Select an Edge icon, if necessary, in the
Select Menu form. When selecting the edges the edge chosen will be
highlighted. Hold down the <shift> key and use the left mouse button to
collect all the edges in the Select Surfaces or Edges box.

Select Surfaces or Edges <using shift-left mouse button

select the edges shown in Figure 1
for both heat sink models>
Add
OK
Apply
With boundary conditions applied the model should appear as shown below
3400.
2.000
3400.
2.000 2.000
3400.
2.000 80.00
2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000 999
3400.
2.000
3400.
2.000 2.000
3400.
2.000
2.000 2.000 2.000 2.000
Z X


Prepare and Select the Analysis Applications radio button to prepare the analysis. Select
run analysis the parameter forms reviewing and changing the settings as shown below.
The analysis is submitted by selecting Apply in the Analysis form.
◆ Analysis
Model Dimensionality ◆ Axisymmetric Geometry, R Z
Co-ordinates
Radial, R Co-ordinate ◆ X axis

Centerline, Z Co-ordinate ◆ Y axis
Perform Geometry Units
Conversion
From Units inches

To Units feet
File to Extract Undefined Materials: 3,mpidfph.bin (Btu-feet-lbm..
OK
Solution Type...
OK
Calculation Temperature Scale ◆ Fahrenheit
Solver Option 2, Direct Solver
Run Control Parameters...
Initial Temperature 212.0
Initial Temperature Scale ◆ Fahrenheit
OK
OK
Output Requests...
Units Scale for Output Temperatures ◆ Fahrenheit
Units Definition for Time Label Hours
OK

Submit Options...
OK
Apply
While waiting for the analysis to finish. Reset Graphics and reduce node
size.

Read and plot
From within MCS/PATRAN the only indication that the analysis has results
P3 was initiated from a working directory which contained the

exercise_06.db database. The analysis created a new subdirectory with the
same name as the Job Name; exercise_06/. By using Read Result in the
Analysis form and Selecting Results File... you can filter down to the Job
Name subdirectory and check for the existence of a results file.
◆ Analysis
Filter
OK
OK
Apply

Quit MSC/Patran
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
Which material will be chosen for the cylinder casing?
11. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/
Patran To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Top Menu Bar and select Quit

Exercise 7
An Oven Window Design
Objective:
■ Model a 2D planar slice of an oven window.
■ Learn how to initiate and use Utilities.

Exercise 7 An Oven Window Design
Model Description:
In this exercise you will model a 2D planar section of an oven window. You
will learn how to initiate and use Utilities which facilitate this task.
A manufacturer of appliances is proposing a self cleaning oven design that
uses of a composite window separating the oven cavity from room air. The
composite consists of two high temperature plastics (A & B) whose physical
and thermal attributes are shown below. The combined convection/
linearized radiation heat transfer parameters for inside and outside of the
oven are also shown. (Note: Radiation will be linearized and is include in
the heat transfer coefficient). The design specification for safe operation
requires an outside oven temperature of 50ΟC or less.
The following assumptions can be made for the model:
■ Steady-state conditions exist.
■ The oven door can be modeled as a 2-dimensional slice.
■ Contact resistance is negligible.
■ Each plastic is homogeneous with constant properties.

Figure 1
Oven Cavity
Toven = 345o C A B
hoven = 16 W/m2C
Composite Window
0.2 m
Air
Trequired ≤ 50οC
LB
Air
LA
kA = 0.13 W/mC
Ambient kB = 0.07 W/mC
o
T∞ = 24 C
hambient = 13 W/m2C LA = 0.050 m
LB = 0.030 m

Information on Utilities:
Utilities refer to a set of tools which facilitate the use of MSC/PATRAN.
These tools are supplied with MSC/PATRAN. In version 7.5 they are
located on eachCD ROM.
Utilities are written or supplied by MSC software developers, applications

engineers, and anyone within MSC who has a good idea for improving
MSC/PATRAN functionality. Sometimes Utilities are the vehicle for
implementing an improvement which for organizational reasons will not be
officially implemented within a reasonable release horizon.
Utilities are written in PCL, PATRAN Command Language. Since Utilities

are developed from the personal initiative of individuals and not as part of
the MSC corporate software development strategy, they are not subjected to
any formal quality assurance testing. Hence, they are supplied by MSC as a
courtesy but they are officially not supported by MSC. Most Utilities are
supplied with the authors name, an e-mail address, and telephone number.
If you have a problem with a Utilities tool you may contact the author if
ownership data is available. You may report suspected or identified
problems with Utilities to the MSC/PATRAN support line but no obligation
to fix the Utilities problem is incurred by MSC. That being said, Utilities
are generally reliable and quite handy. Most intermediate and advanced user
of MSC/PATRAN install and use Utilities.
Load the MSC/PATRAN CD in the CD-ROM drive and mount the CD-
ROM drive Installation instructions are listed in “Installing PCL Utilities
and MSC Institute Files”, p. 3-20 of “MSC/PATRAN Installation and
Operations Manual”.
If the user has installed MSC/PATRAN with the “FULL” install option
utilities are loaded automatically. If user selects “CUSTOM” installation,
then PCL Utilities must be selected as an option under the MSC/Patran Core
Applications.
When loaded (installed) Utilities are initiated by copying the p3epilog.pcl

file from <P3_HOME path>/shareware/msc/unsupported/utilities (e.g.,
/patran/patran3/shareware/msc/unsupported/utilities/p3epilog.pcl), into a
users home directory (for user-by-user access) or the P3_HOME directory
(for a system wide access). Once the p3epilog.pcl file is in place Utilities is
available as a pick on the Menu Bar.

Exercise Overview:
■ Create a new database named exercise_07.db. Set
Approximate Maximum Model Dimension to 0.20, and the
Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL.
■ Create two surfaces which define the oven window geometry.
■ Mesh the surfaces with an IsoMesh, Global Edge Length of

0.003.
■ Create two fluid nodes 9998 and 9999 for the oven interior and
ambient conditions respectively.
■ Define the two material properties for the plastics.
■ Apply element properties to the elements using the defined

materials. These are Thermal 2D elements.
■ Use the Fields Form to define the temperature distribution at

the interior pane upper edge.
■ Apply temperature and convection boundary conditions.
■ Visualize and verify the convection LBC’s using Utilities/

Thermal/Thermal BC Display...

a 2D Plane Geometry model and that the Weakly Nonlinear
Solution solver will be used for analysis.
■ Read the results file and plot results.
■ Check the results against the requirement of 50oC.
Exercise Procedure:
1. Open a new database named exercise_07.db. Open a new
Within your window environment change directories to a convenient database
the New Database Name box and entering exercise_07.
Create the oven window surfaces
File
New ...
OK

Preferences form appears on your screen, set the Approximate Maximum
Model Dimension to 0.20, and the Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL.
Select OK to close the New Model Preferences form.
Approximate Maximum Model Dimen- 0.20
sion:
OK
Create the 2. Create two surfaces which define the oven window geometry.
oven window Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Create a surface using the
surfaces following Action, Object, and Method. Click in the appropriate list boxes to
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Vector Coordinate List <0.050 0.2 0>
Apply
Turn on labels using the Show Label icon.

Create the second surface from the same Action/Object/Method but change
the Vector Coordinate List to <0.030 0.2 0>. Modify the Origin Coordinates
List by clicking in the list box and selecting Point 4 from the viewport.
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Auto Execute

Origin Coordinates List <Select Point 4 from viewport>
Apply

The model will appear as shown below.
3. Mesh surfaces with an IsoMesh, global edge length of 0.003. IsoMesh the
Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Set the Action, surfaces
Object, and Type to Create/Mesh/Surface. Change the Global Edge Length
to 0.003 and select both surfaces for inclusion in the Surface List.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Surface
Surface List <drag a rectangle
around both surfaces>
Apply
Turn off labels using Hide Labels icon.

Create an ambient node
4. Create two fluid nodes 9998 and 9999 for the oven interior and
Create an ambient conditions respectively.
ambient
Using the Finite Elements form create a boundary nodes which are not
node associated with geometry. The node numbers are 9998 and 9999. Locate the
nodes at [-0.03 0 0] and [0.11 0 0], to the left and right of model.
The spatial location of the boundary nodes is irrelevant to the analysis; but,
these locations facilitate display and verification of LBC’s.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 9998
Node Location List [ -0.03 0 0]

Apply
Node Location List [0.11 0 0]
Apply
Increase the display size of nodes to facilitate the application of boundary

condition. Use either Display/Finite Elements or the associated Toolbar
Node Size icon to change the node size. The model should now appear as
shown below.
Display
Finite Element
Node Size 6
Apply
Cancel
or,

5. Equivalence the nodes at the mating surface edges. Equivalence

Using the Finite Elements form set the Action, Object, and Method to nodes
◆ Finite Elements
Apply
6. Define the two material properties for the plastics.

Define two
Since this will be a steady state analysis, thermal conductivity is the only materials
material property used in the solution. Thermal conductivity values are
provided in Figure 1; however, the Input Options form also requires data for
Density and Specific Heat. Enter a value of 1.0 in each of these fields
The Apply button is selected from within the Input Options form. The form
does not close upon hitting Apply. This is a convenient, if unintended,
feature since one needs only to enter a new material name in Material Name
and proceed with entering new material data in the Input Options form.
After each Apply the new material should appear in the Existing Materials
list box on the Materials form.
◆ Materials
Create/Isotropic/Manual Input
Material Name ka
Input Properties...
Density = 1.0
Specific Heat = 1.0
Apply
Material Name kb
Density = 1.0
Specific Heat = 1.0
Apply
Cancel
7. Apply element properties to the elements using the

defined materials. These are Thermal 2D elements. Apply
Select the Properties Applications radio button. Set the Action, Dimension,
element
and Type to Create/2D/Thermal 2D. Enter Property Set Name properties
interior_pane. Select the Input Properties... box. Click in the Material
Name box and select ka from the Material Property Sets list box. Select OK
to close the form.Click in the Select Members box and choose Surface 1
from the default viewport. Select Add then Apply in the Element Properties
form to complete the element property definition.
◆ Properties
Create/2D/Thermal 2D

Property Set Name interior_pane

Input Properties...
Material Name <select ka>
Ok
Select Members <select Surface 1 in the viewport>
Add
Apply
Perform the same steps for Surface 2 using, exterior_pane, for the Property
Set Name, and select kb for the Material Name from the Material Property
Sets list box.
◆ Properties
Property Set Name exterior_pane
Input Properties...
Material Name <select kb>
Ok
Add
Apply
8. Define the temperature distribution at the interior

pane upper edge. Create a
Select the Fields Applications radio button. Set the Action, Object, and spatial field
Method to Create/Spatial/Tabular Input. Enter Field Name edge_T.
Select Input Data... and enter 2 data pairs 0.0, 345.0 and 0.05, 38.0 via the
Input Scalar Data box. Select OK and Apply to finish the definition.
◆ Fields
Create/Spatial/Tabular Input
Field Name: edge_T

Input Data...
Input Scalar Data: 0.0 <CR>
<Select Cell Value 1>
OK
Apply
9. Apply temperature and convection boundary Apply

conditions.
boundary
Begin applying boundary conditions. Select the Load/BCs Applications conditions
radio button. Create a fixed 345oC nodal boundary temperature named
oven. In the Input Data form define the fixed temperature. In the Select
Applications Region form pick node 9998 located to the left of the window.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name oven
Input Data...
OK
Add
OK
Apply

Repeat the steps for a fixed 24oC boundary temperature named ambient. In
the Select Applications Region form pick node 9999 located to the right of the
oven window.
New Set Name ambient

Input Data...
OK
Add
OK
Apply
Repeat steps for fixed edge temperature distribution using spatial field
edge_T. Apply the distribution to the upper Geometry edge of the interior
pane.
New Set Name edge

Input Data...
Fixed Temperature <Select spatial field
edge_T>
OK
Geometry Filter ◆ Geometry
Select Menu curve or edge icon
Select Geometric Entities <Select upper edge of

interior pane, Surface 1.2>
Add
OK
Apply

Create the heat transfer coefficient boundary conditions with the Use
Correlations option, set name oven_convection, and a heat transfer
coefficient of 16.0 W/oC-m2. Apply the boundary condition to the left most
oven window surface(edge) as shown in Figure1 with fluid node 9998.
◆ Load/BCs
New Set Name oven_convection
Input Data...

Fluid Node ID 9998
OK
In the Select Applications Region form select the left facing surface (edge) of
the oven window. Switch to the Select an Edge icon in the Select Menu
form. When selecting the edges the edge chosen will be highlighted.

Select Menu Edge icon
Select Surfaces or Edges <select the left facing oven window

edge as shown in Figure 1>
Add
OK
Apply

Repeat these steps for a New Set Name air_convection with a heat transfer
coefficient of 13.0 W/oC-m2 applied to the right most oven window
surface(edge) as shown in Figure 1 with fluid node 9999.
New Set Name air_convection

Input Data...
Fluid Node ID 9999
OK
Select Surfaces or Edges <select the right facing oven win-
dow edge as shown in Figure 1>
Add
OK
Apply

Use Shareware to verify LBC’s
10. Visualize and verify the convection LBC’s using Utilities/

Thermal Tools/Thermal BC Display...
Use
Shareware to Shareware contains various utilities for facilitating model creation and
verify LBC’s LBC’s verification. Verify your convective coupling by drawing a vector
from the centroid of each element to the associated fluid node using Utilities/
Thermal/Thermal BC Display...
Utilities
Thermal
Thermal BC Display...
OK
Apply
Use Clear and Close in the Thermal BC’s form to revert to a normal display.
Clear
Close

Reduce the node size using the Node Size icon.

Prepare and
Select the Analysis Applications radio button to prepare the analysis. Select
the parameter forms reviewing and changing the settings as shown below. run analysis
◆ Analysis
Model Dimensionality ◆ 2D Plane Geometry, XY Co-ordi-
nates (unit Thickness in Z)
OK
Solver Option 1, Weakly Nonlinear Solution
OK
Output Requests...
OK
Apply

Read and plot results

Read and plot From within MCS/PATRAN the only indication that the analysis has
results successfully finished is the existence of an nrX.nrf.01 results file in a

exercise_07.db database. Applying the analysis created a new subdirectory
with the same name as the Job Name; exercise_07/. By using Read Result
in the Analysis form and Selecting Results File... you can filter down to the
Job Name subdirectory and check for the existence of a results file.
◆ Analysis
Filter
OK
OK
Apply
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot
Select Result Case TIME: 0.0000000000D+00 S...
Select Fringe Results Temperature,

Label Style...

Label Format: Fixed

OK
Apply
What is the exterior temperature of the oven window? Is it at or below the

required maximum of 50oC?
13. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/
To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Menu Bar and select Quit from Patran
the drop-down menu.

Quit MSC/Patran

Exercise 8
Temperature Dependent
Material Properties
Objective:
■ You will create a 2D material slice consisting of two
materials with temperature dependent material properties.
■ You will visually and qualitatively compare the MSC/

THERMAL results with the results of an analytical solution.

Exercise 8 Temperature Dependent Material Properties
Model Description:
In this exercise you will learn to create temperature dependent
material properties.
There are very few analytical solutions available for composite

materials with temperature dependent conductivities. Recently, K.
C. Chang and V. J. Payne published an analytic solution for the
problem you will analyze in this exercise (Journal of Heat Transfer,
Feb. 1991, Vol. 113, pp. 237). Results of their work have been
included at the end of this exercise to allow you to qualitatively
compare your solution to theirs.
Material 1 Material 2
T = 600OC T = 100OC
= 873.2 K = 373.2 K
Ta = 0O C = 273.2 K
0.5 X 0.5 Dimension

.
K1= K10 (1 + α1 Τ) K10 = 0.060 α1 = 0.0006
K2 = K20 (1 +α2 Τ) K20 = 0.001 α2 = 0.00001

Create a new database
Exercise Overview:
■ Create a new database named exercise_08.db. Set
the Tolerance to Default, and the Analysis Code to
MSC/THERMAL.
■ Create two surfaces which model the two adjoining

material slabs.
■ Mesh the surfaces with an IsoMesh.
■ Identify “cracks” in the model and Equivalence the

nodes at the mating surface edges.
■ Define the two materials using Fields/Create/

Material Property/General.
■ Using the fields just defined create Material 1 and

Material 2.
■ Apply element properties to the elements referencing

the two material properties just defined.
■ Apply the three temperature boundary conditions to

the edges of your model.
■ Prioritize temperature boundary conditions at the

lower corners.
■ Prepare and submit the model for analysis.
■ Read results file and plot results.
■ Compare the results to the analytical solution.
Exercise Procedure:
Create a 1. Create a new database named exercise_08.db. Set
the Tolerance to Default, and the Analysis Code to
new MSC/THERMAL.
database
Within your window environment change directories to a
convenient working directory. Run MSC/PATRAN by
Next, select File from the Menu Bar Menu Bar and select
New… from the drop-down menu.

Assign the name exercise_08.db to the new database by

clicking in the New Database Name box and entering
exercise_08 (.db will automatically be appended).
PATRAN will open a Viewport and change various Main

Form selections from a ghosted appearance to a bold
format. When the New Model Preferences form appears on
your screen, set the Tolerance to Default, and the Analysis
Code to MSC/THERMAL. Select OK to close the New
Model Preferences form.
2. Create two surfaces which model the two adjoining Create the
material slabs.
two material
Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Set the surfaces
Action, Object, and Method to Create/Surface/XYZ.
Change the Vector Coordinates List to <0.5, 0.5, 0> and
click on the Apply button to create the first patch
Change the Origin Coordinates List to [0.5, 0, 0], and click

on the Apply button to create the second surface.
Y
Z X

IsoMesh both surfaces
3. Mesh the surfaces with an IsoMesh.

IsoMesh
both Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Set
the Action, Object, and Type to Create/Mesh/Surface. Set
surfaces the Global Edge Length to 0.025. Click in the Surface List
box and drag a rectangle around both surfaces. Select
Apply to complete the meshing function. The completed
form and resulting display are shown below.
Finite Elements
Action: Create
Object: Mesh
Type: Surface
Output IDs
Node ID List
1
Element ID List
1
Global Edge Length

0.025
Element Topology
Quad4
Quad5
Quad8
Mesher
◆IsoMesh◆
◆Paver
IsoMesh Parameters...
Y
Node Coordinate Frames...
Z X
Surface List
Surface 1 2
-Apply-
The display should appear as shown above. If it does not,

select the undo icon and analyze the error to a resolution.
Equivalence 4. Identify “cracks” in the model and equivalence the

mesh nodes nodes at the mating surface edges.
In the Finite Elements form set the Action, Object, and Test
to Verify/Element/Boundaries. Select Apply.
In the Finite Elements form set the Action, Object, and

Method to Equivalence/All/Tolerance Cube. Select
Apply to complete the function.

The nodes bounding the interior edges will be circled in the

display and the Command Window will indicate that a
number of nodes are deleted. All gaps or cracks have now
been eliminated from the mesh.
5. Define the two materials using Fields/Create/

Material Property/General. Define the
Select the Fields Applications radio button. Set the Action,
material
Object, and Method to Create/Material Property/ property fields
General.
Enter a Field Name K2 and select Input Data...
In the General Field Input Data form Select Function Term

mpid_arbt_plyn.
General Field Input Data
Select Function Term:
Function Term Type: P3 Functions
Term Sub-Type: MSC/THERMAL Matl Func

Select Function Term: mpid_arbt_plyn
mpid_bghm
mpid_cnst
Select Arithmetic
Operator: + - * / ** ( )
Function Expression
Modify Highlighted Function
OK
An Arbitrary Order Polynomial form will be displayed. On this form,

change the Temperature Units option menu to Kelvin. Then enter
Coefficient Data for Material 2 conductivity,
(K2 = 0.001 + 0.00000001 T). First enter 0.001 in the
Coefficient,A(Index) databox then select the Enter button, next
enter 1.0E-8 and select the Enter button.

Define the material property fields
The form should appear as shown below.

Arbitrary Order Polynomial
Define Material Property: Arbitrary Order Polynomial
P(X) = A(1) + A(2)*X + ... A(n)*X**(n-1)
Note: The temperature scale only indicates the valid units.
ICCALC units will be used in the evaluation.
Material Property ID (MPID) Scale Factor
100110 1
Material Property Description
Independent Variable Type Temperature Units

Temperature Kelven
Coefficient Data
Coefficient
1 0.001
2 9.99999999E-9
Selected Data
Coefficient, A(Index)
Index
3 Clear Data Boxes in ADD mode
Spread Sheet Action: Modify Enter
OK Defaults Cancel
Select OK in the Arbitrary Order Polynomial form. Select OK in the

General Field Input Data form. Select Apply button on the Fields
form to complete the function.
In the Field form change Field Name to K1. Again choose the
mpid_arbt_plyn. Using the Spread Sheet Action Modify, click on
the Coefficient 1 cell in the Coefficient Data frame, and edit the
Coefficient,A(Index) data box to change the Arbitrary Order
Polynomial form for the thermal conductivity of Material 1, (K1 =
0.06 + 0.000036T).

6. Using the fields just defined create Material 1 and

Material 2. Define
Select the Materials Applications radio button. Set the
material
Action, Object, and Method to Create/Isotropic/Manual properties
Input. Enter Material_1 in the Material Name databox.
Select Input Properties... In the Input Options form click
into the Thermal Conductivity data box.
The form should be modified to include a Time,

Temperature, or Constant Fields: list box. Select K1 from
the listbox. Enter unit values for Density and Specific Heat.
Input Options
Constitutive Model Thermal properties
Property Name Value
Thermal Conductivity K1
Density 1.0
Specific Heat 1.0
Phase change temperature
Latent Heat
Time, Temperature or Constant Fields:

K1
K2
Repeat the same procedure for Material_2; this time selecting K2

for Thermal Conductivity. After creating both materials select
Cancel to close the Input Options form
7. Apply element properties to the elements selecting
the two material properties just defined. Apply
Select the Properties Applications radio button. Set the element
Action, Dimension, and Type to Create/2D/Thermal 2D. properties
Enter Property Set Name Prop1. Select the Input
Properties... box. In the Input Properties form, click in the
Material Name box and select Material_1 from the
Material Properties Sets list. Select OK to close the form.
Click in the Select Members box and select Surface 1, the
left surface. Select Add then Apply in the Element
Properties form to complete the element property definition
for Surface 1.

Apply boundary temperatures to 3 edges
Perform the same steps for Surface 2, the right surface,

using Prop2, for the Property Set Name, and Material_2
for the Material Name.
Apply 8. You will now apply the three temperature boundary

conditions to the edges of your model.
boundary
temperatures Left vertical edge of Surface 1:
to 3 edges Select the Load/BCs Applications radio button. Set the
Action, Object, and Type to Create/Tempature
(PThermal)/Nodal with an Option: of Fixed. Enter the
name, Mat1_Edge_Temp, into the New Set Name data
box.
Click on the Input Data... button and enter a Fixed

Temperature of 873.2. Click on the OK button to close the
Input Data form.
Select the Select Application Region... button and set the

Geometry Filter to Geometry. Click on the Select
Geometry Entities box, select the Curve or Edge icon in
the Select Menu. Select the left-hand vertical edge of
Surface 1. Select Add then OK to affect and close the
Select Application Region form. The completed forms are
shown below.
Load/Boundary Conditions Input Data Select Application Region
Action: Create Fixed Temperature Geometry Filter
Object: Temperature(PThermal) 873.2 Geometry
FEM
Type: Nodal Spatial Fields
Option: Fixed
Application Region
Analysis Type: Thermal
Select Geometry Entities
Current Load Case:
Default...
Type: Static Add Remove
Reset
Existing Sets Application Region
OK Cancel
Surface 1.1
New Set Name

Mat1_Edge_Temp
OK
Input Data...

Select Apply to create the temperature boundary

condition.
Perform similar steps to assign the remaining temperature

boundary conditions to your model. Use the following
New Set Name, and Fixed Temperature values.
New Set Name Fixed Temp
Mat1_2_Bottom_Edge_Temp 273.2
Mat2_Edge_Temp 373.2
Your model should now look like the one shown below.
Applying the temperature boundary conditions to the

various edges of your model created a conflict at the two
lower corner points. At the lower left corner both the 873.2
and 273.2temperature boundary conditions were applied.
At the lower right corner both the 373.2 and 273.2
temperature boundary conditions were applied. By default
MSC/PATRAN adds overlapping boundary conditions. To
fix the lower corner temperature to 273.2 you must tell
MSC/PATRAN that the boundary condition you applied to
the bottom edge of the model has priority over the
conflicting vertical edge boundary conditions.

Prioritize temperature BC’s
9. Prioritize temperature boundary conditions at the

Prioritize lower corners.
temperature
Select the Load Cases Applications radio button.Change
BC’s the Action: to Modify. In the Load Cases form highlight the
Default load case in the Existing Load Cases list box, if
necessary. Select the first LBC,
Mat1_2_Bottom_Edge_Temp, and then in the Prioritize
Load/BCs form set the Priority Mode to Overwrite. Check
that the Mat1_2_Bottom_Edge_Temp boundary
condition has first priority. Select the Mat_1_Edge_Temp
LBC then again set the Priority Mode to Overwrite.
Repeat for the last LBC, Mat2_Edge_Temp. The
completed forms are shown below.
Select OK in the Prioritize Load/BCs form and Apply in the

Load Cases form. In Message box, “Do you wish to
overwrite?”, answer Yes.

Select the Analysis Applications radio button to prepare Prepare and

the analysis. run analysis
Select Translation Parameters... Select the 2D Plane
Geometry,XY Co-ordinates (Unit Thickness in Z) radio
button in Model Dimensionality. Select OK to close the P/
Thermal Translation Parameters form.
Select Solution Parameters... Select the Kelvin radio

button in Calculation Temperature Scale. Select OK to
close the P/Thermal Solution Parameters form.
Select Output Requests... Select the Celsius radio button

in Unit Scale for Output Temperatures. Select OK to close
the P/Thermal Output Requests form.
Since all other defaults are acceptable submit the analysis

by selecting Apply in the Analysis form
From within MCS/PATRAN the only indication that the

analysis has successfully finished is the existence of an
nrX.nrf.01 results file in a subdirectory one level below
your working directory.

Read and plot
Recall that p3 was initiated from a working directory results
which contained the excercise_08.db database file. The
analysis, initiated from within MSC/PATRAN, created a
new subdirectory with the same name as the Job Name; it
should be named exercise_08/. By using Read Result in
the Analysis form and Select Results File... you can filter
down to the Job Name subdirectory and check for the
existence of the results file
Select the nr0.nrf.01 results file in the Available Files list

box. Select OK.
Select the Select Rslt Template File....in the Analysis

form. In the Template to Import P/THERMAL Nodal Results
form select the template named
pthermal_1_nodal.res_tmpl from the Files list. Select
OK.
Select Apply in the Analysis form to read the chosen results

file with the selected template.

Compare results
To plot the results use the Results Application radio

button. The default Action/Object should be Create/
Quick Plot. Hit Apply to quick plot the default Result
Case and Fringe Result.
To affect a better comparision use the Fringe Attribute icon

to change the display and range.
Select Display: Element Edges. Select Label/Style...

Under Label/Style... select Label/Format: Fixed and use
the slider bar to select 4 Significant figures, then select
OK, and Apply.
Select Range.../Define Range.../Create... Use a new

Range Name: Compare with Number of Sub-Ranges: 7.
Select OK.
In the Range form select Data Method/From. In the

spread sheet at the bottom of the form, select the 0th cell
in the From column. In the Spreadsheet Input data line,
type 600.0 and Enter. Move to the next cell down and
repeat these steps for 500, 400, 300, 200, 110, and 50.
Select Calculate. Hit Apply.
Finally select Assign Target Range to Viewport. Close

all the sub-forms and click Apply on the Results form.
12. Compare the results to the analytical solution.

Compare
Shown below is the temperature contours derived by K. C.
results Chang and V. J. Payne.
: temperature-independent
: temperature-dependent
material 1 interface material 2

0.5
473
773
673
573
0.4
383
0.3
0.2
0.1 50
0.0
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

Quit MSC/
Select File on the Menu Bar and select Quit from the drop- Patran
down menu.

Quit MSC/Patran

Exercise 9
Thermal Analysis of the

Hybrid Microcircuit
Objective:
■ In this exercise you complete a steady state thermal
analysis of the 3D hybrid microcircuit.

Exercise 9 Thermal Analysis of the Hybrid Microcircuit
Model Description:
In this exercise complete the analysis of a hybrid microcircuit which is
subjected to a bench functional test. The hybrid is clamped to a test fixture
which is chilled by iced water. The microcircuit is continuously flushed by
a dry nitrogen purge at 21oC.
During functional testing, which takes approximately 1 hour, the entire

hybrid dissipates 8 watts. Each device dissipates a constant wattage, as
listed. The goal of the analysis is to verify that all device temperature shall
remain below 50oC.
Exercise Overview:
■ Use Finite Elements/Create/Node/Edit to create the

two fixed temperature boundary nodes.
■ With Display/Finite Elements... or the equivalent Tool

Bar function increase the display size of nodes to
facilitate boundary definition.
■ Use Load/BCs/Create/Temperature/Nodal with

Option: Fixed to set the boundary node temperatures.
■ Use Load/BCs/Create/Convection with Option: Use

Correlations to apply the contact and nitrogen flow heat
transfer coefficients.
■ Post only the device_fem group and use the middle

mouse button or various Viewing functions to expose the
individual device surfaces.
■ Use . Load/BCs/Create/Heating with Option:

Volumetric Generation to apply the heating load to the
individual devices.
■ Select Analysis to prepare and to submit the model for

analysis and to Read Results.
■ Post hybrid_fem, select an isometric_view, select

Results, and review results data.

Hybrid microcircuit boundary conditions
Hybrid
microcircuit Figure 1-Boundary Conditions
boundary
conditions
h=8 w/m2-oC
h=1000 w/m2-oC
Nitrogen Flow Cold Plate

Node 9998 Node 9999
21oC 0oC
Figure 2-Device Position
0.50w 0.75w
R1 R2
1.00w 0.25w
R3 R4
Total 8.00 watts
3.00w 0.50w 1.50 w 0.50w

V1 V2 V3 V4
Table 2-Device Heat Generation

3
Device w/m
R1 0.167E+09
R2 0.250E+09
R3 0.333E+09
R4 0.083E+09
V1 1.500E+09
V2 0.250E+09
V3 0.750E+09
V4 0.250E+09

Exercise Procedure:
1. Open the existing database named microcircuit.db. Open an
Within your window environment change directories to the microcircuit.db existing
working directory. Run MSC/PATRAN by typing p3 in your xterm window. database
Next, select File from the Menu Bar and open the existing microcircuit
database.
File
Open Database...
Database List microcircuit.db
OK

selections from a ghosted appearance to a bold format.
2. Create the two fixed temperature boundary nodes. Create 2

Select Viewing from the Menu Bar or use the Tool Bar Right Side View icon boundary
to change to a side_view of the model hybrid_fem entities. nodes
Viewing
Select Named View side_view
Close
Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Create two nodes
which are not associated with geometry. The first node is numbered 9998.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 9998
Node Location List [0.01 0.01 0.002]

Apply

Change display and picking preferences
The second node is numbered 9999.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 9999
Node Location List [0.01 0.01 -0.007]

Apply
Change 3. Increase the display size of nodes and picking preferences to

facilitate boundary definition.
display and
picking Increase the display size of nodes and modify the Picking Preferences to
preferences facilitate the application of boundary condition. Use either Display/Finite
Element/Node Size or the associated Tool Bar icon to change the node size.
Display
Finite Elements...
Node Size (Use Slider Bar) 6
Apply
Cancel
And, select Preference/Picking... to change the Rectangle/Polygon picking

method to Enclose Centroid.
Preference
Picking...
◆ Enclose Centroid
Close

Select Display/ Load/BC/Element Props /Vectors... to facilitate viewing

boundary conditions.
Display
Load/BC/Element Props...
Vectors/Filters...
Scale Factors: 0.05
Apply
Cancel
Cancel
4. Fix the boundary node temperatures. Fix nodal

Begin applying boundary conditions. Select the Load/BCs Applications boundary
radio button.Create a fixed temperature boundary named Cold_plate. temperatures
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name Cold_plate
Input Data...
In the Input Data form define the fixed temperature.

OK
In the Select Applications Region form pick node 9999.
◆ FEM
Add
OK
Apply

Apply convection boundary conditions
Repeat this process for a New Set Name Nitrogen with a fixed temperature
of 21.0 applied to Node 9998.
New Set Name Nitrogen

Input Data...
OK
◆ FEM
Add
OK
Apply
The display should highlight each node and append the fixed temperature.
On some displays the symbol and value may be difficult to discern.
Apply 5. Apply contact and nitrogen flow heat transfer coefficients.

convection Create two convective boundary conditions with the Use Correlations
boundary option and the heat transfer coefficients provided in Figure 1. Name the first
conditions set nitrogen_flow and apply the boundary condition to all of the element
free faces on the top and sides of hybrid_fem.
◆ Load/BCs
New Set Name nitrogen_flow
Input Data...
In the Input Data form provide the convection coefficient and fluid node
association.

Fluid Node ID 9998
OK

In the Select Applications Region form select all the free faces of the top and
sides of the model. Exclude the bottom of the model by not enclosing it in
the dragged rectangle.
◆ FEM
Select 3D Element Faces <select all top and side free faces by
dragging a rectangle around them>
Add
OK
Apply
Z X

Apply convection boundary conditions
Repeat this process for a New Set Name heat_sink with a convection
coefficient of 1000.0 applied to the bottom surface of the hybrid_fem.
New Set Name heat_sink

Input Data...
Fluid Node ID 9999
OK
◆ FEM
Select 3D Element Faces <select all bottom free faces by
dragging a rectangle around them>
Add
OK
Apply
Z X

6. Post only the device_fem group and rotate to a view which

shows the top device elements Post only
device_fem
Select Group/Post... and Reset Graphics to facilitate applying volumetric
heat loads.
Group
Post...
Select Groups to Post device_fem
Apply
Cancel
Reset Graphics
Select Viewing from the Menu Bar or use the Tool Bar Iso 1 View icon to
change to a isometric_view of the device_fem entities.
Viewing
Close
7. Apply device volumetric heat loads. Apply device

Based on the data in Table 2 apply volumetric heat loads to R1 through V4, volumetric
the surface mounted components. The heat load should be placed only on heat loads
the top layer of elemnts, the silicon devices.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Volumetric Generation
New Set Name R1
Input Data...
Heat Source 0.167E+09
OK

Apply device volumetric heat loads

◆ FEM
Select 3D Elements <select the top elements of R1
using shift- left mouse button>
Add
OK
Apply
Repeat the application for New Set Names R2 through V4. Use Figure 2
on page 9-4 to correlate heat load to device locations.

The continuous display of LBC markers, vectors and their values should
have provided positive indication of the correct application of the LBC’s. If
you would like to further verify that the two fixed temperature, two heat
transfer coefficient, and eight volumetric heating rate LBC’s are correctly
applied use the Show Tabular, Plot Contours, and Plot Markers Action:
selections in the Load/Boundary Conditions form. You may also wish to
Group/Set Current... different groups to facilitate this LBC’s check.
After completing LBC’s verification Group/Set Current... hybrid_fem.
Group
Set Current...
Set Current Group hybrid_fem
Cancel
Turn off the markers, vectors, and values.
Display
Load/BC/Elem. Prop...
Show LBC/El. Prop. Vectors
Apply
Cancel
Reduce the node size using the Node Size icon and reset graphics defaults
using the Broom icon.

Prepare and
Select the Analysis Applications radio button to prepare the analysis. Move
through each of the five parameter forms reviewing and changing the run analysis
settings or selections, if necessary, as shown below. The analysis will be
submitted by selecting Apply in the Analysis form.
◆ Analysis
OK

Solution Type...
OK
Solver Option 1, Weakly Nonlinear Solution
OK
Output Requests...
OK
Submit Options...
OK
Apply

Read and plot
results From within MCS/PATRAN the only indication that the analysis has
microcircuit.db database file. The analysis, initiated from within MSC/
it should be named microcircuit/. By using Read Result in the Analysis
form and Selecting Results File... you can filter down to the Job Name
◆ Analysis
Directories <path>/microcircuit
Filter
OK

OK
Apply
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
What is the maximum reported temperature? Is it at or below the required
maximum of 50oC?
10. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/
the drop-down menu.

Quit MSC/Patran

Exercise 10
Time Dependent Boundary

Conditions
Objective:
■ Model an aluminum plate.
■ Use microfunctions to apply time dependent

boundary conditions to the plate corners.
■ Run a transient analysis to produce time dependent

results.

Exercise 10 Time Dependent Boundary Conditions
Model Description:
In this exercise you will define MACROs and microfunctions. MACRO
definitions are edited into a template.dat.apnd file which you create in the
same directory as your database.
MACRO definitions link Template ID’s (TID’s) which are applied in the
Loads/BCs form to Microfunction ID’s (MFID’s) which are defined in the
Fields form. A microfunction can be a function of time or various
temperature functions. This provides a mechanism for defining time or
temperature varying heat load or temperature boundary conditions. Only
constant or spatially varying loads or boundary conditions can be defined
directly in the Loads/BCs forms.
In this exercise we will sample three of the available microfunctions: a sine

wave, a flip-flop function and a linearly interpolated data table. These
functions are applied to three of the four corners of an aluminum plate
modelled from shell elements. The fourth plate corner will have a constant
boundary temperature.
T111 T121
Figure 1
{
t
t T111 100 if t < 60
T121 = 150 if 60< t < 180
0 100
100 if t > 180
30 125
60 160 0.15 m
120 160 111
210 100
121
360 100
Aluminum Plate
0.01 m thick
0.15 m (MID =1)
T11
T1
1 11
t
t
T11 = 15 sin(4*Pi*t/360 + 3*Pi/2) + 115
T1 = 100

Open a new database
Exercise Overview:
■ Create a 0.15m x 0.15m plate surface.
■ Mesh the surface with an IsoMesh of quad4 elements, global

edge length of 0.015.
■ Apply element properties to the quad4’s defining them as shell

elements having a material name (MID) of 1 and a thickness of
0.01m.
■ Create 3 time dependent microfunctions using Fields and

Create/Non Spatial/General.
■ Define 4 temperature boundary condition in Loads/BC’s, 1 fixed

nodal temperature in the lower left corner of the plate and 3
variable nodal temperatures on the remaining corners.
■ Open a new window (shell) and in the directory which contains

the database and edit a file named template.dat.apnd creating
the MACRO definitions.

a transient analysis from t=0s to t=360s with output each 30s,
that the global initial temperature is 100oC, and that all
calculations and output should be oC.
■ Read the results files using Shareware and plot results for
several time steps. Do not delete the database from your
directory since it will be used in a future exercise.
Exercise Procedure:
Next, select File from the Menu Bar and select New… from the drop-down
File

New
OK

Preferences form.
OK
2. Create a 0.15m x 0.15m plate surface. Create plate

Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Create a surface using the geometry
following Action, Object, and Method. Click in the appropriate list boxes to
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Apply
Y
Z X

3. Mesh the surface with an IsoMesh of quad4 elements, global

IsoMesh the edge length of 0.015.
surfaces
to 0.015 and select Surface 1 for inclusion in the Surface List.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Surface
Surface List <click on Surface 1 in
the viewport>
Apply
Use the Tool Bar Label Control icon to turn on node labels only.
First select then
Close

4. Apply element properties to the Quad4’s defining

them as shell elements having a Material Name Apply
(MID) of 1 and a thickness of 0.01m. element
Select the Properties Applications radio button. Set the Action, Dimension, properties
and Type to Create/2D/Shell. Enter Property Set Name Prop1. Select the
Input Properties... box. Click in the Material Name box and enter 1. Enter
0.01 in the Shell Corner Thickness list box. Select OK to close the
form.Click in the Select Members box and select Surface 1 in the viewport.
Select Add then Apply in the Element Properties form to complete the
element property definition.
◆ Properties
Create/2D/Shell
Property Set Name Prop1
Input Properties...
Material Name 1
Shell Corner Thickness 0.01
Ok
Add
Apply
5. Create 3 time dependent microfunctions using Create micro-

Fields and Create/Non Spatial/General.
functions
Microfunctions are created in the Fields form using the Action/Object/
Method Create/Non Spatial/General. After selecting Input Data. The
General Field Input Data form will show the complete list of microfunctions
in the Select Function Term: list box.
Figure 1 contains the data required for entry into the various microfunction
forms. The entries and selection below will guide you through the process
of creating the microfunctions. An image of each completed microfunction
form is included to facilitate microfunction entry.
◆ Fields
Create/Non Spatial/General
Field Name Tsine

Create micro-functions
Input Data...
Select Function Term mfid_sine_wave
Micro Function ID 11
P1 Value 15.0
P2 Value 0.034907
P3 Value 4.71239
P4 Value 115.0
OK
OK
Apply
The Micro Function form should appear as shown below.

Micro Function: Sine Wave
Define Micro Function
Option 3
Sine Wave
F(X) = P1 * SIN(P2 * X + P3) + P4
Micro Function ID (MFID) Micro Function Option

11 3
Micro Function Description
Independent Variable Type Reciprocal Micro Function

Time
P1 Value P2 Value
15 0.034907
P3 Value P4 Value
4.712389 115.0
OK Defaults Cancel

Field Name Ttable

Input Data...
Select Function Term mfid_indx_linr_tabl
Independent Variable, (X) 0.0
Value, Function(X) 100.0
Enter
Enter
Enter
Enter
Enter
Enter
OK
OK
Apply


Micro Function: Indexed Linear Interpolation
Define Micro Function F(X) 5
Option 18 4
6
7
Indexed Linear Interpolation 1 2
3
8
of a Data Table X

111 18

Time
Bound Tables
Tabular Data
Independent Variable Dependent Value
2 30.0 125.0
3 60.0 160.0
4 120.0 160.0
5 210.0 100.0
6 360.0 100.0
Selected Data
Field Name Tflip_flop

Input Data...
Select Function Term mfid_flip_flop
P1 Value 60.0
P2 Value 180.0
P3 Value 150.0
P4 Value 100.0
OK
OK
Apply


Micro Function: Flip Flop Function
Define Micro Function
Option 15
Flip Flop Function
If P1<= X < P2, Then F(X) = P3
Else F(X) = P4
Microfunction ID (MFID) Microfunction Option

121 15
Microfunction Description
Independent Variable Type Reciprocal Microfunction

Time
P1 Value P2 Value
60.0 180.0
P3 Value P4 Value
150.0 100.0
OK Defaults Cancel
6. Define 4 temperature boundary condition in Loads/ Apply

BCs, 1 fixed nodal temperature in the lower left
corner of the plate and 3 variable nodal temperatures boundary
on the remaining corners. conditions
Begin applying boundary conditions. Select the Load/BCs Applications
radio button. Create a fixed 100oC nodal boundary temperature named T1.
In the Input Data form define the fixed temperature. In the Select Applications
Region form pick Node 1 located in the lower left corner of the plate.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name T1
Input Data...

OK
Select Nodes <select Node 1>
Add
OK
Apply
Create a variable boundary temperature named T11 with Template Id 2 in

the Input Data form. In the Select Applications Region form pick Node 11
located in the lower right corner of the plate. Repeat these steps for New Set
Name T111 with Template ID 3 on Node 111 and T121 with Template ID 4
on Node 121.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Variable
New Set Name T11
Input Data...
Template ID 2
OK
Add
OK
Apply
Repeat these steps for New Set Name T111 with Template ID 3 on Node 111
and or New Set Name T121 with Template ID 4 on Node 121.
New Set Name T111

Input Data...
Template ID 3
OK


Add
OK
Apply
New Set Name T121
Input Data...
Template ID 4
OK
Add
OK
Apply

In unix create template.dat.apnd file
7. Open a new window (shell) and in the directory which contains

the database vi edit a file named template.dat.apnd creating
In unix create the MACRO definitions.
template.dat.
apnd file Using the system editor, create and edit the file template.dat.apnd in the
directory which contains your database and where MSC/PATRAN is
running (You may need to open a new window.). The format for the
MACRO functions are as follows:
MACRO tid micro_function_count node1 node2 scale_factor
mfid(1) mfid(2)... mfid(n)
tid: where,
This is a Template ID number (entered in the Loads/BCs form).
micro_function_count:
Number of microfunctions that will be assembled (grouped) in this MACRO

function.
node1 & node2:
Node ID numbers used if temperature or a temperature difference is used for

the microfunction argument. {e.g. for radiosity difference σ*(T14-T24) (T1
and T2 temperatures at Node 1 and 2 respectively)}
scale_factor:
Optional scale factor for the MACRO function.
mfid#:
Integer ID number (pointer) of the microfunction. This is the MFID number

you used in the microfunction definition.
Note: MACRO is a key word and must be typed in uppercase.
Use the following chart to help you define the MACRO functions for the
temperature boundary conditions assigned to Nodes 11, 111, and 121.
Table 1:
TID# Micro_function_count Node 1 Node 2 scale_factor mfid#
2 1 0 0 1 11
3 1 0 0 1 111
4 1 0 0 1 121
Note: Nodes 1 and 2 are set to zero since the argument is time.

Shown below is the final form of the template.dat.apnd file created for this
exercise. Note that any comment lines must be started with an * in column
1 and make sure that there are no blank lines especially at the end of the file.
*================
MACRO 2 1 0 0 1.0
11
MACRO 3 1 0 0 1.0
111
MACRO 4 1 0 0 1.0
121
*================

Prepare and
◆ Analysis
Solution Type...
Select Thermal Solution ◆ 1, Transient Run
OK
Stop Time 360.0
Initial Temperature = 100.0
OK
OK
Output Requests...

Print Interval Controls...

Initial Print Interval 30.0
OK
OK
Apply
9. Read the results files using Utilities and plot results for several
Read and plot time steps. Do not delete the database from your directory since
results it will be used in a future exercise.
From within MSC/PATRAN the only indication that the analysis has
successfully finished is the existence of nrX.nrf.01 (“x” will range from 1-
12) results files in a subdirectory one level below your working directory.

with the same name as the Job Name, exercise_10/. By using Read Result
Job Name subdirectory and check for the existence of a results file
Utilities provides a results reader under Thermal which facilitates reading

the results of transient runs. If you do not have Shareware installed or is
unavailable then skip to the instructions below which tell you how to read
the results from the Analysis form.
Utilities
Thermal
Thermal Results Reader...
Disclaimer
OK
Filter
All your nr.nrf.01 files should appear in the Selected Files list box. Edit the
end of the path and file in the Selected File box to end in nr*.
Selected File <path>/exercise_10/nr*
OK
Apply

All the files will be read into the database. Since the analysis does not
involve convection template ID’s, the results template that is used in reading
the files detects that there are no such entries and creates a warning message
for each occurrence. This warning is irrelevant to this analysis. When the
warning messages cease. Click OK in the Warning form.
Select Close to exit the Utilities.
Warning
OK
Close
[OPTIONAL METHOD follows. Use only if necessary]
If for whatever reason Utilities are unavailable you can use the standard
MSC/PATRAN method of reading the results files. However, a Global
Variable for Time will not be created in the Result Cases. This will
adversely affect the animation subsequently created in Exercise 19.
◆ Analysis
Filter
OK
OK
Apply
Once you have selected a Results Template you can repeat the Select
Results File... step and hit Apply on the Read Results form without again
selecting a template.

OK

Quit MSC/Patran
Apply
Repeat these steps for each nr#.nrf.01 file until all results are read.
[END OPTIONAL METHOD]
After results are read in by either method, plot the results. To plot the results
use the Results Application radio button. Select results for t=150s.
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
The posted results are for t=150s. The model should now appear as shown
on the front panel of this exercise. Feel free to post results from other times
to verify your results.
Do not delete the database when you finish this exercise it will be used in a
future exercise. In that exercise we will animate the results to display the
model’s behavior through time.
10. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/
the drop-down menu.

Exercise 11
Using Convection Correlations
Objective:
■ Model an iron cube.
■ Apply convective boundary conditions using

correlations from the MSC/THERMAL convection
correlation library.
■ Run a steady state analysis and display results.
PATRAN 312 Exercises -Version 7.5 11-1

11-2 PATRAN 312 Exercises -Version 7.5
Exercise 11 Using Convection Correlations
Model Description:
In this exercise you will determine the steady state temperature distribution
in an iron cube (MID 18). The temperature distribution will be driven by a
heat flux on one vertical face, natural convection on another vertical face,
and forced convection on the top horizontal face.
CONV definitions link convection Template ID’s (TID’s) which are applied
in the Loads/BC’s form to convection configurations and associated Material
Property ID’s (MPID’s). CONV definitions are edited into a
template.dat.apnd file which you create in the same directory as your
database. MPID’s for air will be placed in a mat.dat.apnd which you also
create.
MSC/PATRAN contains an extensive library of convection coefficient

configurations. The configurations are described in Chapter 9, Volume 1 of
the MSC/THERMAL Application Module User Manual. This volume can
be accessed through the on-line Help/Document Library...
Figure 1
Forced Convection
T = 300oK
V = 10 m/s
Heat flux Natural convection

1000 W/m2
Iron Cube Tamb = 300oK
(MID =18) g = 9.81 m/s2

Exercise Overview:
■ Create a 1m x 1m x 1m solid.
■ Mesh the solid with an IsoMesh of Hex8 elements, Global

Edge Length of 0.100.
■ Use Finite Elements/Create/Node/Edit to create a boundary

node not associated with geometry.
■ Apply element properties to the Hex8 elements defining them

as Thermal 3D Solid and having a Material Name (MID) of
18.
■ Create a spatial field which will provide distance-from-the-

leading-edge data to the convection coefficient calculation.
■ Define a fixed temperature and heat flux boundary condition in

Loads/BCs.
■ Define two convection boundary conditions assigning each a

different Convection Template ID and supplying the distance
from the leading edge in the Convection Coefficient data box.

the database edit a file named template.dat.apnd creating the
CONV definitions.
■ In your xterm window (shell) and in the directory which

contains the database, copy an existing file, <P3_HOME>/
p3thermal_files/examples/qtran/prob4/mat.dat.apnd,
containing air MPID data to your directory.

a steady state, that all calculations and output should be oK, and
that all eight columns of nodal results are included in the nodal
results file.
■ Read and plot the results.

Exercise Procedure:
the New Database Name box and entering exercise_11
Select OK to create the new database
File
New
OK

Preferences form.
OK
2. Create a 1m x 1m x 1m solid. Create solid

Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Create a solid using the geometry
following Action, Object, and Method.
◆ Geometry
Create/Solid/XYZ
Vector Coordinate List <1 1 1 >
Apply

IsoMesh the solid
Select Viewing from the Menu Bar or use the ToolBar Iso 1 View icon to
change to an isometric_view.
Viewing
Close
or,
IsoMesh the 3. Mesh the solid with an IsoMesh of Hex8 elements, Global
Edge Length of 0.1.
solid
Object, and Type to Create/Mesh/Solid. For the solid list, select Solid 1.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Solid
Solid List <click on Solid 1 in the viewport>
Apply

4. Use Finite Elements Create/Node/Edit to create a boundary
node 9999 not associated with geometry. Create a
boundary
In the Finite Elements form create a boundary node which is not associated
with geometry. The node is numbered 9999. Locate the node at [1.3 1.3 sink node
0.5].
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 9999

Apply
Increase the display size of nodes. Use either Display Finite Element or the
associated ToolBar icon to change the node size.
Display
Finite Element
Node Size 6 <use slider bar>
Apply
Cancel
or, ToolBar Node size

5. Apply element properties to the Hex8’s defining them as

Apply Thermal 3D Solid and having a material name (MID) of 18.
element Select the Properties Applications radio button. Set the Action, Dimension,
properties and Type to Create/3D/Thermal 3D Solid. Enter Property Set Name
Prop1. Select the Input Properties... box. Click in the Material Name box
and enter 18. Select OK to close the form.Click in the Select Members box
and select Solid 1 in the viewport. Select Add then Apply in the Element
Properties form to complete the element property definition.
◆ Properties
Input Properties...
Material Name 18
Ok
Select Members <select Solid 1 in the viewport>
Add
Apply
6. Create a spatial field which will provide distance-from-the-

leading-edge data to the convection coefficient calculation.
In the forced convection boundary conditions the heat transfer coefficient

varies as the thermal boundary layer develops from a leading edge. One
input to the convective correlation is the distance from the leading edge of
the surface. MSC/THERMAL provides for spatial fields to define the
element distance from the leading edge. You will create a spatially varying
field that will define the required distance.
Click on the Fields toggle. Set the Action, Object, and Method to Create/
Spatial/PCL Function. Enter, X_dist, in the Field Name box. Next, click
in the Scalar Function text box and select ’X from Independent Variable list
box. Since the global coordinate system’s origin is located at a lower left
corner of the Solid the simple function, f(x)=x, represents the horizontal
distance from the leading edge of the top surface where the forced
convection heat transfer will occur. Click on Apply to create the field.
The natural convection coefficient calculation uses the characteristic length

L of the vertical side. This will be input in the template.dat.apnd file GP
list which will be described later in the exercise.

◆ Fields
Create/Spatial/PCL Function
Field Name X_dist
Independent Variable ’X
Apply
The field name should appear in the Existing Fields list box.
7. Create fixed temperature and heat flux boundary condition in Apply

Loads/BC’s.
temperature
Select the Load/BCs Applications radio button. Create a fixed 300oK nodal and flux
boundary temperature named Tamb. In the Input Data form define the fixed boundary
temperature. In the Select Application Region form pick Node 9999.
conditions
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name Tamb
Input Data...
OK
Add
OK
Apply

Create two convection Template ID’s
Create a set name Flux of 1000 W/m2. Apply the boundary condition to the
left facing (-X normal) surface of the solid, Solid 1.1, as shown in Figure1.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fluxes
New Set Name Flux
Input Data...
Heat Flux 1000
OK
When selecting a surface, the surface chosen will be highlighted. Hold down
the <Shift> key and use the right mouse button to cycle through surfaces that
may overlap or share an edge.

Select Solid Faces <select (-X normal) face of Solid 1,
(Solid 1.1), use shift-right mouse
button to cycle pick, if necessary>
Add
OK
Apply
8. Define two convection boundary conditions assigning each a Create two

different Template ID and supplying the distance from the
leading edge in the Convection Coefficient data box. convection
Template ID’s
Create the convection coefficient boundary conditions with the Use
Correlations option, New Set Name forced_convection, with a fluid node
9999, and a Template ID of 93. Apply the boundary condition to the top face
(+Y normal) of Solid 1 as shown in Figure1.

Spatial field X_dist will be used in the Convection Coefficient data field to
supply the leading edge distance to the correlation.
◆ Load/BCs
New Set Name forced_convection
Input Data...
In the Input Data form provide the Convection Template ID, fluid node, and
Geometric Properties 2 and 3 via the Convection Coefficient data box.
Convection Coefficient <select X_dist from the

Spatial Fields list box>
Convection Template ID 93
Fluid Node ID 9999
OK
In the Select Applications Region form select the top face (+Y normal) of
Solid 1.

Select Surfaces or Edges <select the top face (+Y normal) of Solid
1, (Solid 1.4), as shown in Figure 1>
Add
OK
Apply
Repeat these steps for a New Set Name natural_convection. Click in the
Convection Coefficient data box. Leave the Convection Coefficient blank.
Use a Convection Template ID of 913, and a Fluid Node of 9999. In the
Select Applications Region form select the right face (+X normal) of Solid 1,
(Solid 1.2).

Create two convection Template ID’s
You may also choose to review your loads and boundary conditions using
Utilities/Thermal/Thermal BCs Display.
Utilities
Thermal
Thermal BC Display...
A disclaimer message may appear, select OK..
OK
Apply
Use Clear and Close in the Thermal BC Display form to revert to normal
display.
Clear
Close


the database edit a file named template.dat.apnd creating the
CONV definitions. In unix create
template.dat.
Open a unix xterm window and change directories (cd) to the directory apnd file
which contains your database.
If a template.dat.apnd already exists in this directory rename it to associate

it with that previous analysis. For instance, in Exercise 10 you created a
template.dat.apnd file. Use the following unix command to move it to a
new name associated with that analysis:
> mv template.dat.apnd 10_template.dat.apnd
Using the system editor, create and edit the file template.dat.apnd in the
directory which contains your database and where MSC/PATRAN is
running.
Following is a detailed description of what you will be entering into the file.
The actual entries are fairly brief and listed following the detailed
description of the complete syntax.
Create two convection templates, one for the forced_convection and the
other for the natural_convection boundary condition. The format for the
CONV functions are as follows:
CONV TID# config# number_of_GP_values number_of_MPID_values
gp#2 gp#3 … gp#n
mpid#1 mpid#2 … mpid#n
Where, TID:
The template ID number (pointer) you entered in the Load/BCs form.
config#:
Convection type configuration number.
Identifies the type of convection class (e.g. 1=forced convection, smooth
Isothermal tubes, 3=flat plate, forced convection, etc.).
number_of_GP_values:
Number of general properties needed for a specific convection
configuration.
Example: For config=3 (forced convection over a horizontal surface)
GP(1) = element surface area (automatically supplied by MSC/PATRAN)
GP(2) = shortest distance form plate’s leading edge to element.
GP(3) = longest distance from plate’s leading edge to element.
GP(4) = free stream velocity

In unix copy a mat.dat.apnd file
number_of_MPID_values:
Number of Material Property ID numbers used to point to material
properties.
Example: For config = 3 (mpid#’s point to)
MPID(1) = fluid density, ρ
MPID(2) = fluid dynamic viscosity, µ
MPID(3) = fluid specific heat, Cp
MPID(4) = fluid thermal conductivity, κ
Note: CONV is a keyword and must be typed in uppercase.
Use the following table to help you define the convection templates for the
forced and natural convection boundary conditions. You should also review
the definition of the convection configuration 3 and 13 in the
MSC⁄THERMAL USERS MANUAL, Volume 1, Chapter 9.
Conv
TID# config# #GP #MPID MPID’s (order is important)
Type
Forced 93 3 1 4 550100, 550101, 550103, 550105

Natural 913 13 4 5 550100, 550101, 550106, 550103, 550105
Start typing from the first column and do no enter any blank lines.
*==================================
CONV 93 3 1 4
10.0
550100 550101 550103 550105
CONV 913 13 4 5
1.0 1.0 0.0 9.8
550100 550101 550106 550103 550105
*==================================
10. In your xterm window (shell) and in the directory which

In unix copy a contains the database, copy an existing file, <path>/
p3thermal_files/examples/qtran/prob4/mat.dat.apnd,
mat.dat.apnd containing air MPID data to your directory.
file
Copy a mat.dat.apnd file into the same directory in which you’ve created
the template.dat.apnd file. The commands are as follows:
> which p3

(response) > <path>/bin/p3
> cp <path>/p3thermal_files/examples/qtran/prob4/mat.dat.apnd .
A mat.dat.apnd should now reside in your database subdirectory. This file

contains more material properties than required. This will not adversely
affect the analysis. Feel free to review the format and syntax of the
mat.dat.apnd file. You can use this file as a boiler plate for creating your own
material properties file data.
The template.dat.apnd and mat.dat.apnd files are the only two files that
may need to be created outside of the MSC/PATRAN in order to complete
an analysis. As MSC/PATRAN evolves the creation of this files will be
absorbed within the MSC/PATRAN interface.

Prepare and
◆ Analysis
OK
Initial Temperature Scale ◆ Kelvin
OK
OK
Output Requests...
Units Scale for Output Temperatures ◆ Kelvin
Nodal Results File Format...
Select Thermal Entries to Output <select all 8 items listed>
OK
Diagnostic Output ◆ Convection Resistors
OK
OK
Apply
12. Read and plot the results.

Read and plot
successfully finished is the existence of an nr0.nrf.01 results file in a

in the Analysis form and Select Results File... you can filter down to the Job
Name subdirectory and check for the existence of a results file.
◆ Analysis
Filter
OK
Files pthermal_nod_T.res_tmpl
OK
Apply
There may be a warning message regarding Qmacro, select OK.
OK
Reduce the node size using Node Size icon.

After results are read in plot the results. To plot the results use the Results
Application radio button. Select you results file.
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
Feel free to plot the value of the heat transfer coefficient (and other
quantities) using Select Fringe Result.
To plot the heat transfer coefficient data:
◆ Results
Form Type: Basic
Select Result Case 2.1-Time: 0.0000000000D
Select Fringe Results 6.1-Average Convection Coefficient
Apply
The nodal averaged h’s are displayed in the viewport.
To view detailed convection resistor data look in qout.dat.01 file in the Job
Name subdirectory. Search for string “CONVECTIVE RESISTOR DATA.”

Quit MSC/Patran
13. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/ To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Menu Bar and select Quit from
Patran the drop-down menu.

Exercise 12
Analysis of a Fuel Nozzle Tip
Objective:
■ Model an axisymmetric slice of a fuel nozzle tip.
■ Apply advective, radiative, and convective boundary

conditions.
PATRAN 312 Exercises - Release 7.5 12-1

12-2 PATRAN 312 Exercises - Release 7.5
Exercise 12 Analysis of a Fuel Nozzle Tip
Model Description:
In this exercise you will create an axisymmetric model of a fuel nozzle tip.
You will model the heat transfer contribution of the fuel flow by an
advective boundary condition. The geometry and boundary conditions for
the problem are shown below
The interior surface of the nozzle across which the fuel flows must be
coupled to the fuel flow with a heat transfer coefficient. Since the
corresponding fluid sink will not be a single node but a series of nodes the
usual Load./BCs Create/Convection/Use Correlations form does not apply.
Until the Between Regions Option is implemented for 2D dimensionality (It
is currently applicable only to 3D models.) you must use Element Type
Convective Quads to couple the inner diameter of the nozzle to the fluid
flow.
Figure 1
Geometry
5.0”
.5”
Nickel (MID = 243)
0.05”
Steel (MID = 379)
0.1”
Still Air at h = K/L = 7.0 BTU/hr ft2 ˚F
Boundary Conditions
Forced Convection Air
T = 1000˚F h = 500 BTU/hr ft2 ˚F
Radiation from Flame
Flame Temp = 4000˚F
ε = 0.8
Internal Radiation e = 0.80
Fuel In
h (dT)
Specific gravity = 0.78
Tin = 200 ˚F
h (dT) = 1.0 at 0.0 ˚F and 500.0 at 800 ˚F
m = 50 lbm/hr
Cp = 0.57 BTU/lbm ˚F

Exercise Overview:
■ Create the nozzle, fluid stream, and Convective Quad

geometry.
■ Verify that surface normals are consistent with RxZ reversing

any surface normals which are not consistent with RxZ.
■ Mesh the model surfaces with an IsoMesh of Quad4 elements

and the curve representing the fluid stream with Bar2 elements,
global edge length of 0.25.
■ Use Finite Elements/Create/Node/Edit to create two ambient

nodes 998 and 999 for the ambient and flame temperatures,
respectively.
■ Apply Thermal Axisymmetric element properties to the nozzle

and Advection Bar element properties to the flow stream.
■ Convert fluid stream nodes to fluid nodes using Utilities and

apply element properties for Convective Quad’s.
■ Create fuel convection coefficient as a factor of temperature

difference.
■ Define three fixed temperature, two convective, and two

radiative boundary condition in Loads/BC’s.
■ Create and post a group which does not contain the Convective
Quad elements.

the CONV and VFAC definitions.
■ Create a mat.dat.apnd file containing the fuel mass flow Cp

MPID data provided in Figure 1.

steady state analysis including viewfactor and radiation resistor
computations, for an axisymmetric model with unit
conversions from inches to feet that all calculations and output
should be in oF.

Exercise Procedure:
File
New Database...
OK

Preferences form.
OK
2. Create the nozzle, fluid stream, and Convective Quad Create the
geometry.
nozzle and
Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Create the first of two fluid stream
surfaces that represent the geometry of the outer nozzle shell using the geometry
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Auto Execute
Vector Coordinates List <4.5 0.05 0>

Origin Coordinates List [0 0.2 0]
Apply

Create the nozzle and fluid stream geometry
Use Tool Bar Show Labels icon to turn on labels.
To create the second surface change the Vector Coordinates List to <0.5,
0.05, 0>. Click in the Origin Coordinates List and select Point 4 (the lower
right corner of Surface 1).
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Origin Coordinates List <select Point 4, the lower right corner
point of Surface 1,from the viewport>
Apply
Select Viewing/Scale Factors... to increase the scale of the model in the Y-

direction. This will expand the model display to facilitate viewing, picking,
and displaying results. Only the model display is scaled not the actual model
dimensions. Scaling may throw the coordinate system symbol out of the
display viewport.
Viewing
Scale Factors...
Model Y 5.0
Apply
Cancel

2 3 5
1 2
1 4 6
To create the surfaces that will represent the geometry where the Steel and
Still Air will reside set the Geometry form Action, Object, and Method to
Transform/Surface/Translate. Click in the Translator Vector databox and
then choose the following Select 2 point icon.
Click on Point 5 and Point 6 to define the translation vector. Next, set the
Repeat Count to 2, click in the Surface List databox and drag a rectangle
around Surface 1 and Surface 2 in the viewport.
◆ Geometry
Translation Vector <choose the Select 2 points icon
(shown above) in the Select Menu
and select Point 5 and then
Point 6 in the viewport>
Repeat Count 2
Auto Execute
Surface List <drag a rectangle around both

surfaces in the viewport>
Apply

2 3 5
1 2
1 4 6
3 4
7 8 9
5 6
10 11 12
The flow of fuel within the nozzle will be modelled with advection bars.
Create the two curves where the bars will be placed. Change the Action,
Object, and Method to Create/Curve/XYZ. For the first curve set the Vector
and Origin Coordinates List to, <4.5 0 0> and [0 0 0] respectively.
◆ Geometry
Create/Curve/XYZ
Vector Coordinates List <4.5 0 0>
Auto Execute

Apply
To create the second curve set the Vector and Origin Coordinates List to
<0.5, 0, 0> and Point 14 respectively.

Origin Coordinates List <select Point 14>
Apply
Create surfaces between Curve 1 and the lower edge of Surface 5 and
between Curve 2 and the lower edge of Surface 6. These surfaces will
support the Convection Quad elements.
Set the Action, Object, and Method to Create/Surace/Curve. Select the 2

Curve Curve Option and click in the Starting Curve List box. Make sure
that the Curve icon is highlighted in the Select Menu, then drag a rectangle
around Curve 1 and 2. Select the Surface Edge icon then drag a rectangle
around the lower edges of Surfaces 5 and 6.
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/Curve
Auto Execute
Starting Curve List <drag a rectangle around Curves

1 and 2>
Ending Curve List <change the Select Menu icon to
Select an Edge of a Surface and
use shift-left mouse button to
select the lower edges of
Surfaces 5 and 6>
Apply
Now, delete Surface 3 in the air gap.
◆ Geometry
Delete/Any
Geometric Entity List <Surface 3>
Apply
Refrest the graphics.

Verify surface normals and flow direction
3. Verify that surface normals are consistent with RxZ. Reverse Verify surface
normals and
Radiative boundary conditions modeled in an axisymmetric coordinate flow direction
frame must have all element normals pointing in the RxZ (read R cross Z)
direction. In this model, RxZ is in the global -Z direction. It is wise to verify
the normal direction now since there are fewer surfaces than elements. This
will facilitate viewing and reversing normals. Element normal will follow
geometry normals in a 2D model.
Alternatively, element normals can be reversed, if necessary, later in the

modeling process. However, if LBC’s are applied to elements before the
normals are reversed then when the element normals are reversed the LBC’s
may be dropped from those elements and require review and reapplication.
To verify normals change to an isometric view using the Tool Bar icon.

Use Show/Surface/Normal. Drag a rectangle around all surfaces. In this

model all surfaces normals must be reversed. Use Edit/Surface/Reverse,
select all the surfaces, Draw Normal Vectors to verify reversal.
◆ Geometry
Show/Surface/Normal
Surface List <drag a rectangle around all surfaces
in the viewport>
Apply
Edit/Surface/Reverse
Auto Execute
in the viewport>
Apply
Draw Normal Vectors
Reset Graphics
It is also prudent to verify the direction of the flow stream. Advection in an

element flows in the local node 1 to node 2 direction. Unless reversed, the
element local node 1/node 2 direction will follow the parent curve C1, or
parametric, direction. Hence, it is sufficient to verify the C1 directions of
Curve 1 and Curve 2. There is a toggle for displaying geometric parametric
directions in Display/Geometry. Curves have only one parametric direction
which is shown in the same color as the curve. Scaling may have offset the
parametric marker from the curve but it’s color and relative length should
facilitate identification.
Display
Geometry...
Show Parametric Direction
Apply
Cancel

The resulting display is shown below.
Return to default Front view.
Remove parametric directions display.
Display
Geometry...
Parametric Direction
Apply
Cancel

4. Mesh the model surfaces with an IsoMesh of Quad4 elements

and the curve representing the fluid stream with Bar2 elements, IsoMesh the
global edge length of 0.25. surfaces and
Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Set the Action, fluid stream
Object, and Type to Create/Mesh/Surface. Change the Global Edge Length curve
to 0.25 and click in the Surface List box. Drag a rectangle around all surfaces
in the viewport.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Surface
Surface List <drag a rectangle around all sur-
faces in the viewport>
Apply
Create Bar2 elements along Curves 1 and 2.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Curve
Curve List <select Curves 1 and 2 using the
shift-left mouse button>
Apply
5. Use Finite Elements/Create/Node/Edit to create two ambient Create

nodes 998 and 999 for the ambient and flame temperatures.
boundary
In the Finite Elements form create a boundary node which is not associated nodes
with geometry. The node is numbered 998. Locate the node at [2.5 0.3 0].
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 998
Auto Execute

Apply

Create boundary nodes
Repeat for Node 999 located at [5.2 0.15 0].
Increase the display size of nodes. Use either Display/Finite Elements ... or
the associated Tool Bar icon to change the node size.
Display
Finite Elements...
Apply
Cancel
or,
Select Display/Entity Color/Label/Render .../Hide All Entity Labels or

use the Tool Bar Labels Hide icon to remove all labels and unclutter the
display.
Display
Hide All Entity Labels
Apply
Cancel
or,

6. Equivalence the nodes at the mating surface edges. Equivalence

Using the Finite Elements form set the Action/Object/Method to nodes
◆ Finite Elements
Apply
7. Apply Thermal Axisymmetric element properties to the nozzle

and Advection Bar element properties to the flow stream. Apply
Use Tool Bar Label Control icon to turn on Surface labels.
element
properties to
nozzle
Close
and Type to Create/2D/Thermal Axisymmetric. Enter Property Set Name
Nickel. Select the Input Properties... box. Click in the Material Name box

Create fluid nodes and Convective Quads
and select Surfaces 1, 2, and 4 in the viewport using the shift-left mouse
button. Select Add then Apply in the Element Properties form to complete
the element property definition.
◆ Properties
Create/2D/Thermal Axisymmetric
Property Set Name Nickel
Input Properties...
Material Name 243
OK
Select Members <select Surfaces 1, 2, and 4 in
the viewport using shift-left
mouse button>
Add
Apply
Repeat these steps for Steel, MID 379, on Surfaces 5 and 6.
The two element property set names should now appear in the Property Set
Name list box.
Create fluid 8. Convert fluid stream nodes to fluid nodes using Utilities and
apply element properties for Convective Quad’s.
nodes and
Convective Convective Quad elements must have at least one Fluid Node associated
Quads with each element. Fluid nodes are a 0D element type applied to selected
nodes. There are two means of creating Fluid Nodes, using Element
Properties or using Utilities. Choose one of the two following methods.
Using Utilities:
Utilities
Thermal
Create Node Type Elements...
OK
New Set Name Fluid_nodes

Select Nodes <drag a rectangle around the string

of nodes at the bottom of Surfaces
7 and 8 along the flow stream>
Apply
Cancel
Or, using the Properties form:
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Element/Edit
Shape Point
Node 1 = <drag a rectangle around the string
Apply
◆ Properties
Create/0D/Node Type
Property Set Name Fluid_nodes
Input Properties...
Value Type String(Fluid Node)
OK
Select Members <drag a rectangle around the string
Add
Apply
Small triangles will mark each fluid node.

Now Create/2D/Convective Quad elements on Surfaces 7 and 8 with a
Template ID of 10. Later you will input the convection heat transfer
coefficient in the template.dat.apnd file.

Create fluid nodes and Convective Quads
Convective Quads have no physical reality in the model; they are a device
for passing cross sectional area data, convection configuration data (GP’s),
and fluid node data to the convection algorithm. When the Between Region
option is expanded to include 2D dimensionality, the need for Convection
Quads will be limited to passing data to user defined configurations.
◆ Properties
Create/2D/Convective Quad
Property Set Name Conv_quads
Input Properties...
[Template ID] 10
OK
Select Members <select Surfaces 7 and 8 in the
viewport using shift-left mouse
button>
Add
Apply
The last element property you will create will define the Bar2 elements as
advective bars. Change the Dimension to 1D and the Type to Advection Bar.
Enter Adv_bars for the Property Set Name and then click on the Input
Properties… button. When the Input Properties form appears enter 1 for
the Cp-MPID and 50 for the Mass Flow Rate.
Create/1D/Advection bar
Property Set Name Adv_bars
Input Properties...
[Specific Heat MPID] 1
Mass Flow Rate 50
OK
Select Members <select Curves 1 and 2 using
Add
Apply
Though the Specific Heat MPID appears in square brackets it is, in fact, not
an optional entry. Even in a steady state analysis advective conductors are
derived from the product of specific heat and mass flow rate.

Five Existing Property Sets should now be listed in the Element Properties
form. Adv_bars, Conv_quads, Fluid_Nodes[_Fluid], Nickel, and Steel.
Scroll through the list to verify it.
9. Create fuel convection coefficient as a factor of temperature

difference.
Select the Fields application radial button. Use Create/
Material Property/General to create the variable h called
h_fuel.
◆ Fields
Create/Material Property/
General
Field Name h_fuel
Input Data...
Select Function Term mpid_indx_linr_tabl
Material Property ID (MPID) 1001
Temperature Units Fahrenheit
Value, Function (X) 1.0
Enter
Value, Function (X) 500.0
Enter
OK
OK
Apply

10. Define three fixed temperature, two convective, and two

Apply radiative boundary condition in Loads/BC’s.
boundary Select the Load/BCs Applications radio button. Create a fixed 1000oF
conditions nodal boundary temperature named T_air. In the Input Data form define the
fixed temperature. In the Select Region form pick Node 998, located above
the nozzle model.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name T_air
Input Data...
OK
Add
OK
Apply
Repeat these steps for a New Set Name T_flame of 4000 oF applied to
Node 999, located to the right of the nozzle and for a New Set Name
T_fuel of 200oF applied to Node 179, located at the lower left corner of
the model at the fuel stream inlet.
Create the ambient convection boundary condition. Use a New Set Name
Amb_conv, a Convection Coefficient of 500.0, and a Fluid Node 998.
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Convection/
Element Uniform
New Set Name Amb_conv
Input Data...
Convection Coefficient 500
Fluid Node ID 998

OK
Select Surface or Edges <Select the top edges of Sur-

faces 1 and 2 (Surface 1.3 and
2.3) using the Shift-left mouse
button>
Add
OK
Apply
Create gap condition across still air gap with h=k/L where k = 0.029 BTU/
hr ft2 ˚F and L = 0.05/12 ft. Hence h = 7.0 BTU/hr ft2 ˚F.
◆ Load/BCs
Option Between Regions
New Set Name Still_air
Region 2 2D
Input Data...
OK
Order Closest Approach
Select Surface or Edges <Select the bottom edge of
Surfaces 1. (Surface 1.1)>
Add

Select the bottom most Active List, which is the bottom to select region 2.
Active List
Select Surface or Edges <Select the top edge of

Add
OK
Apply
Create the flame radiation boundary condition. Use a New Set Name
Flame_rad, a VFAC Template ID of 10, and an Ambient Node 999, a Convex
Surface ID of 999, an Obstr Flag of 1, and an Enclosure ID of 1.7
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Radiation/Element Uniform
New Set Name Flame_rad
Input Data...
Vfac Template ID 10
Ambient Node ID 999
Convex Surface ID 999
(Note: Use Scroll bar to access more fields)
Obstr Flag(0=Obstr, 1=No-Obtrs) 1

Enclosure ID 1
OK

Select Surface or Edges <Select the right edges of

Surfaces 2, 4, and 6, by
using the shift-left mouse
botton. Do not include the
right edge of Surface 8 (the
convective quads>
Add
OK
Apply
Create the radiation effect in the still air gap.
◆ Load/BCs
New Set Name Still_air_rad
Input Data...
Vfac Template ID 10
Ambient Node ID <no entry>
Convex Surface ID <no entry>
Enclosure ID 2
There are only 2 entries in this Input Data form. VFAC Template ID and
Enclosure ID.
OK
Select Surface or Edges <Select the perimeter of the
still air gap, Surface 1.1,
4.4, and 5.3 using the shift
left mouse button.>
Add

Create a group maned nozzle
OK
Apply
With boundary conditions applied the model should now appear as shown
below.
11. Create and post a group name Nozzle which does not contain
Create a the Convective Quad elements.
group maned Since Convective Quad elements have no physical reality in the model we
nozzle will prepare the display by eliminating them from the viewport You will
create a group which will contain only entities associated with the nozzle.
To avoid picking the Convective Quads, first change the Rectangle Picking
option.
Preference
Picking...
Rectangle/Polygon Picking ◆Enclose centroid
Close

Now, create the group.
Group
Create...
New Group Name Nozzle
Make Current
Entity Selections <drag a rectangle around the nozzle

portion of the model including the
two boundary nodes excluding
Convective Quads>
Apply
Cancel
Reduce the node size with the Node Size icon.
The model should now appear as shown below.

In unix create the CONV and VFAC definitions.
template.dat.
apnd file Open a unix xterm window and change directories (cd) to the directory

tempate.dat.apnd file. Use the following unix command to move it to a new
name associated with that analysis:
Using the system editor, typically vi, create and edit the file
template.dat.apnd in the directory which contains your database and
where MSC/PATRAN is running.
Create two definitions, a CONV for the fuel flow Convective Quads and the
other, a VFAC for the flame radiation boundary condition. Shown below is
the final form of the template.dat.apnd file created for this exercise. Note
that any comment lines must be started with an * in column 1 and make sure
that there are no blank lines especially at the end of the file. Start typing
from the first column and do no enter any blank lines.
CONV 10 30 0 1
1001
VFAC 10 0
0.8 1
13. Create a mat.dat.apnd file containing the fuel mass flow Cp

In unix edit a MPID data provided in Figure 1.
mat.dat.apnd If a mat.dat.apnd already exists in this directory rename it to associate it with
file that previous analysis. For instance, in Exercise 11 you copied a
mat.dat.apnd file. Use the following unix command to move it to a new
> mv mat.dat.apnd 11_mat.dat.apnd
Using the system editor, typically vi, create and edit a new file
mat.dat.apnd in the directory which contains your database and where
MSC/PATRAN is running.
You will define MPID 1 for the specific heat property of the advective flow.
There is an alternative method for creating MPID definitions. Recall, you
can also use FIelds/Material Property/General to accomplish this. Shown
below is the final form of the mat.dat.apnd file created for this exercise.

Make sure that there are no blank lines especially at the end of the file. Start
typing from the first column and make sure to close the MPID definition
with a slash (/).
MPID 1 C F 1.0
MDATA 0.57
14. Prepare and submit the model for analysis specifying that it is
steady state analysis including viewfactor and radiation resistor Prepare and
conversions from inches to feet that all calculations and output run analysis
should be in oF.
the parameter forms reviewing and changing the settings as shown below.
◆ Analysis
Co-ordinates
Radial, R Co-ordinate ◆ Yaxis

Centerline, Z Co-ordinate ◆ Xaxis
Conversion
From Units inches

To Units feet
File to Extract Undefined Materials: 3,mpidfph.bin (Btu-feet-hour.
OK
Solution Type...
Perform Viewfactor Analysis
OK


Stefan-Boltzmann Constant 1.7140E-9 BTU/HR/FT2/R4

OK
OK
Output Requests...
OK
Submit Options...
Make sure both Create ViewFactor Control FIle (vf.ctl) and Execute
Viewfactor Analysis are selected.
OK
Apply

Read and plot

◆ Analysis
Filter
OK


OK
Apply
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
16. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/
the drop-down menu.

Quit MSC/Patran

Exercise 13
A Sprinkler System
Hydraulic Analysis
Objective:
■ Model a schematic of a home sprinkler system.
■ Use microfunctions to apply pressure varying mass

flow functions at the sprinkler heads.
■ Run a hydraulic analysis to evaluate the pressure

drop and total mass flow through the system.

Exercise 13 A Sprinkler System Hydraulic Analysis
Model Description:
In this exercise you will create schematic geometry which models a
sprinkler system for a medium size lawn. The model is a schematic since the
actual pipe lengths in the circuit will be defined via the Element Properties
form. All fitting losses have been included as additions to pipe lengths.
The home for which this sprinkler is designed can comfortably deliver 12
gallons per minute (GPM) of water at 42 psi through the existing main.
Since both the volumetric flow through and the coverage from each
sprinkler head are a function of pressure at the head, this analysis will
determine whether the pressure at each head is above 30 psi and whether the
entry volumetric flow demand is less than 12 GPM.
All data provided yield an analysis in English Engineering units, lbf, lbm, s,
feet. However here are some useful conversion factors for evaluating the
results: 1 cu. ft. = 7.481 gal. and 1 sq. ft. = 144 sq. in.
Exercise Overview:
■ Create flow network schematic geometry using the Geometry

form Create and Transform Actions.
■ Create FEM entities. Create nodes matching geometric points

and mesh curve with BAR2 elements.
■ Equivalence nodes.
■ Define element properties for 1D Flow network bar elements

using IOPT=2 for automatic friction factor calculation.
■ Use Utilities/Thermal/Hydraulic Icon to check flow

direction.
■ Create three NonSpatial/General fields which define the

sprinkler head volumetric flow as a function of pressure.
■ Define inlet pressure and sprinkler head mass flow conditions.
■ Complete boundary condition in template.dat.apnd file.
■ Select Analysis to prepare and to submit the model for analysis

and to Read Results.
■ Run the analysis and read the results into the database.
Open a new database
Exercise Procedure:
File
New
OK

Preferences form.
OK
Create 2. Create flow network schematic geometry using the Geometry

form Create and Transform Actions.
network
schematic Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Create points using the
geometry following Action, Object, and Method. Click in the appropriate list boxes to
First, turn on the labels with the Show labels icon.
◆ Geometry
Create/Point/XYZ
Point List [0 6 0]

Apply
Point List [6 0 0]
Apply
Point List [6 12 0]
Apply
Now translate points using the following Action, Object, and Method. Click
in the appropriate list boxes to edit the default values and change them to
values listed below.
Create curves using the following Action, Object, and Method. Click in the
Auto Execute
Transform/Point/Translate
Repeat Count 5
Point List Point 1
Apply
Repeat Count 2
Point List Point 2, 3
Apply
Repeat Count 1
Point List Point 5, 7
Apply
appropriate list boxes to edit the default values and change them to values
listed below.
Create/Curve/Point
Starting Point LIst Point 1
Ending Point LIst Point 4

Create nodes and elements
Apply
Repeat this create curves step for the following starting/ending point list.
Table 1:
Starting Point Ending Point Resulting Curve

4 5 2
5 6 3
6 7 4
7 8 5
4 2 6
4 3 7
5 13 8
6 9 9
6 10 10
7 14 11
8 11 12
8 12 13
3. Create FEM entities. Create nodes matching geometric points

Createnodes and mesh curve with BAR2 elements.
and
elements Object, and Method to Create/Node/Edit. Select all of the geometry for
inclusion in the Node Location List to duplicate the node number over the
corresponding geometric point number.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node Location LIst <drag a rectangle
around all geometry in
the viewport>

Set the Action, Object, and Type to Create/Mesh/Curve. Change the Global
Edge Length to 12.0 and select all curves for inclusion in the Curve List.
Create/Mesh/Curve
Curve List <select all curves in the
viewport>
Apply
4. Equivalence nodes.
Equivalence
Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button if not already
selected. Set the Action, Object, and Method to Equivalence/All/Tolerance Nodes
Cube. Select apply to complete the function.
The nodes bounding the interior cracks will be circled in the display and the
Command Line will indicate that a number of nodes are deleted.

5. Define element properties for 1D Flow network bar

Create micro- elements using IOPT 2 for automatic friction factor
functions calculation.
and Type to Create/1D/Flow network bar. Enter Property Set Name Entry.
Select the Input Properties... box. In the Input Properties chart, follow the
steps below and enter the values that correspond to the property name.
Select OK to close the form.Click in the Select Members box and select
Curve 1 in the viewport. Select Add then Apply in the Element Properties
form to complete the element property definition.
◆ Properties
Create/1D/Flow network bar
Property Set Name Entry
Input Properties...
TID 1
IOPT 2
Pipe diameter 0.0625
Pipe length 50.00
Pipe roughness 5.0e-6
Fluid density 62.4
Fluid viscosity 1.5e-3
OK
Select Members <select Curve 1>
Add
Apply
Repeat the above steps with the following property set names and change
the property values that are listed, the rest should stay untouched. To select
more than one curve in the Select Members box, hold down the <Shift> key
and select the curves.
Set Name Pipe length Application Region
L_manifold 13.0 Curve 2, 5
L_riser 26.0 Curve 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 13
S_manifold 7.0 Curve 3, 4
S_riser 8.0 Curve 8, 11

Scroll through the Existing Property Sets box to make sure there are five
property sets.
6. Use Utilities Thermal Hydraulic Icons to verify

flow directions. Verify Flow
Directions
Utilities
Thermal
Hydraulic Icons...
If a disclaimer message appears, click: OK
Apply
Clear
Close
7. Create 3 NonSpatial/General fields which define Create Fields

the sprinkler head volumetric flow as a function of
pressure.
In the Fields form use the Action/Object/Method Create/Non Spatial/
General. Enter Full-GPM in the Field Name box. After selecting Input
Data the General Field Input Data form will show the complete list of
microfunctions in the Select Function Term list box.
The entries and selection below will guide you through the process of
creating the microfunctions. An image of each completed microfunction
form is included to facilitate microfunction entry.
When modeling hydraulic networks the independent variable names remain
the same on the General Field Input Data form; however, Temperature now
refers to Pressure and any other independent variable choices other than
Time or Temperature should be ignored.
◆ Field
Create/Non Spactial/General
Field Name Full_GPM
Input Data...
Independent Variable Type Temperature

Create Fields

Enter
Enter
Enter
Enter
Enter
OK
OK
Apply


Option 18 4
6
7
3
8
of a Data Table X

1100 18

Temperature
Bound Tables
Tabular Data
1 0.0 0.0
2 20.0 1.67
3 30.0 2.19
4 40.0 2.35
5 50.0 2.7
Field Name Half_GPM

Input Data...
Defaults (This clears the data form)

Enter
Enter

Create Fields

Enter
Enter
Enter
OK
OK
Apply
The Micro Function form should appear as shown below

Option 18 4
6
7
3
8
of a Data Table X

1050 18

Temperature
Bound Tables
Tabular Data
1 0.0 0.0
2 20.0 0.95
3 30.0 1.09
4 40.0 1.3
5 50.0 1.55

Field Name Quarter_GPM

Input Data...
Default
Enter
Enter
Enter
Enter
Enter
OK
OK
Apply

The Micro Function form should appear as shown below

Option 18 4
6
7
3
8
of a Data Table X

1025 18

Temperature
Bound Tables
Tabular Data
1 0.0 0.0
2 20.0 0.40
3 30.0 0.50
4 40.0 0.60
5 50.0 0.63
Apply 8. Define inlet pressure and sprinkler head mass flow

conditions.
boundary
conditions Begin applying boundary conditions. Select the Load/BCs Applications
radio button. Create a nodal pressure named Entry. In the Input Data form
define the fixed pressure. In the Select Application Region form pick Point 1
located at the left most section of the geometry.
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Pressure/Nodal
Option: Fixed
New Set Name Entry
Input Data...
Fixed Pressure 6048
OK

Select Point <select Point 1>

Add
OK
Apply
Create a Variable, Mass Flow Rate named Full with Template Id 100 in the
Input Data form. In the Select Application Region form pick Point 13, 14.
Create/MassFlow Rate/Nodal
Option: Variable
New Set Name Full
Input Data...
Template ID 100
OK
Select Points (hold down <Shift> key) <select Point 13, 14>
Add
OK
Apply
Repeat these steps for New Set Name Half with Template ID 50 on Point 9,
10 and Quarter with Template ID 25 on Point 2, 3, 11, 12.
New Set Name Half

Input Data...
Template ID 50
OK
Select Points (hold down <Shift> key) <select Point 9, 10>
Add
OK
Apply

New Set Name Quarter

Input Data...
Template ID 25
OK
Select Points (hold down <Shift> key) <select Point 2, 3, 11, 12>
Add
OK
Apply
Change the view to an isometric view using the Iso 3 View icon.

9. Complete boundary condition definition template.dat.apnd

file.
In unix create
Using the system editor, create and edit the file template.dat.apnd in the template.dat.
directory which contains your database and where MSC/PATRAN is apnd file
running. (You may need to open a new window.) The format for the
MACRO functions are as follows:

Use the following chart to help you define the MACRO functions for the
pressure boundary conditions assigned to all points.
Table 2:
TID# Micro_function_count Node 1 Node 2 scale_factor mfid#
25 1 0 0 -0.139 1025
50 1 0 0 -0.139 1050
100 1 0 0 -0.139 1100
Note: Nodes 1 and 2 are set to zero since the argument is time.
*================
MACRO 25 1 0 0 -0.139
1025
MACRO 50 1 0 0 -0.139
1050
MACRO 100 1 0 0 -0.139
1100
*================


Prepare and Select the Analysis Applications radio button to prepare the analysis. Select
run analysis the parameter forms reviewing and changing the settings as shown below.
◆ Analysis
Solution Type... ◆ Perform Hydraulic Analysis
OK
OK
Output Requests...
Nodal Results File Format .. <Select all Hydraulic Node and Element
Entries to Output>
OK
OK
Apply
11. Read Result via the Analysis Form.

Read and plot

◆ Analysis
Filter

Available Files np0.nrf.01
OK
Files pthermal_1_pnodal.res_tmpl
OK
Apply
Once he hydraulic results are read in, use Insight to post process the data.
Insight provides a mechanism for increasing the diameter of the Bar 2
elements to view the results.
◆ Insight
Create/Fringe
Results Selection...
Current Load Case(s) 2.1-Hydraulic Time: 0.0000
Update Results
Fringe Result 1.1-Pressure,
OK
Fringe Attributes...
Edge Width 5 <use slider bar>
Style Cylinder
OK
Target: All Edges
Apply
The result should now appear as shown on the front page of the exercise.
Use the vi editor in UNIX to open the qout.dat.01 file in the exercise_13
Job Name subdirectory and determine whether the design requirements are
met: an entry volumetric flow rate not to exceed 12 GPM and a sprinkler
head pressure above 30 psi.

Quit MSC/Patran
12. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/ Do not delete the database when you finish this exercise it will be used in a
Patran future exercise. In that exercise we will improve execution time and reduce
viewfactor file size. To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Menu Bar and

Exercise 14
Midterm: Build a Simple 2

Plate Model
Objective:
■ Build a simple two plate model which meets
specified requirements.
■ Prepare the model for analysis and open a UNIX

shell to observe the file creation and analysis process.
■ Run the analysis and use UNIX and utility

commands to monitor the progress of the analysis.

Exercise 14 Midterm Exam: Build a Simple 2 Plate
Model Requirements:
The purpose of this exercise is to create a model with less guidance than has
been provided in previous exercises. When the model is ready for analysis
you will open a UNIX shell and observe the sequence of file creation paying
special attention to files which provide feedback on the progress of the
analysis.
The model must meet the following requirements (see Figure on p 14-6)
■ 2 - 1 x 1 x 0.001 meter plates with an MID of 353 (steel).
■ Plate surface normals shall face each other.
■ Each plate shall have a quadrant overlapping the other such that
each plate has a corner point coincident with the center point of
the other plate in Plan view.
■ The plates shall have a 0.05m gap between them.
■ Each plate shall have a mesh of 12x12 quad elements (global

edge length 0.083).
■ One vertical edge of each plate shall have fixed boundary

temperatures. The left most edge (x=0) shall be 0 degrees
Celsius; the right most edge (x=1.5) shall be 150 degrees
Celsius.
■ The two plates shall be thermally coupled by a single radiation

boundary condition. Each plate has an emissivity of 0.1. Use a
TID of 100 and an Enclosure ID of 1.
■ All boundary conditions and element properties shall be

applied to geometry.

Open a new database
Exercise Overview:
■ Open a new database named exercise_14.db.
■ Create a model which meets the specified requirements.
■ Review your model against the checklist of questions.
■ Open a UNIX shell before submitting the model for analysis.
■ Submit the model for analysis and use the commands described
to monitor its progress.
■ Debug, if necessary and resubmit after deleting all the files in

the jobnamed subdirectory.
■ Read in results file and plot results.
Exercise Procedure:
File
New
OK

Preferences form.

OK
2. Create a model which meets the specified requirements. Create a model

Based on what you’ve practiced, create the model according to the Model
Requirements
When completed model, should fit description shown on the next page.
Note:
The radiation boundary condition Input Data form has several list boxes for
data entry. Despite the fact that all of the list boxes on the Input Data form
appear to be required entries, you need only provide an Enclosure Id and a
VFAC Template ID for this exercise. The other fields will be explored further
in Exercise 21.

Create a model

3. Review your model against the checklist of questions.

Review your
Did you use the various view icons to verify the placement of geometry? model
Did you check surface normals using Geometry/Show/Surface/Normal?
Is the element type 2D/Shell with Material 353 and thickness 0.001?
Was your Target Element Type: 2D for the radiation boundary condition?
Did you plot LBC markers to verify 2 fixed temperatures and radiation?
Does the radiation LBC use VFAC Template ID=100 and Enclosure ID=1?
Have you created template .dat.apnd with
*================
VFAC 100
0.1
*================
and no blank lines?
In the Analysis form have you set: Requested Calculation and Output
Temperature scales to degrees Celsius?
Have you requested Perform Viewfactor in Solution Type form?
4. Open a UNIX shell before submitting the model for

analysis. Open a UNIX
Once the model is verified, the template.dat.apnd file is built, and the shell
Analysis form is complete, iconify the MSC/PATRAN viewport and open a
new UNIX shell to get a UNIX prompt. Use the UNIX ls and cd commands
to get to the directory in which your database resides. When you are located
in the directory type at the prompt:
$ cd exercise_14 but do not hit <CR> or enter
5. Submit the model for analysis and use the commands

described to monitor its progress. Submit the
Return to the open Analysis form and check Apply. After the model
Command Line History Window stops scrolling and the Heartbeat is
again green , change focus to the UNIX window and use the cd

Debug
exercise_14 command with a carriage return. Repeated execution of

ls within the Job Name subdirectory will show you the progress of
your analysis: Once the file vf.msg.01 appears, type:
$ tail -f vf.msg.01 <CR>
This will provide a continuous status of the viewfactor run.
When viewfactor is complete it will end the status with a message,

Successful Execution Completed.
Use the <ctrl>c key combination to terminate the tail function.
Repeatedly input a sequence of ls commands until a stat.bin file

appears in the directory list. Once you the see the stat.bin file type:
$ qstat c
to monitor the progress of the network analysis. This command will

self terminate after 20 repetitions or upon job completion. Monitor
the data from the qstat command to determine the numerical status
of the analysis.
Check for the existence of an nr0.nrf.01 results file. If it exists the

numerical analysis is complete and successful.
6. Debug, if necessary, and resubmit after deleting all

Debug the files in the jobnamed subdirectory.
If Step 5 does not yield a results file then determine what went wrong.
Is there a patqb.log file?
If so, then is there a patq.msg file? If there is no patqb.log file then look in
the MSC/PATRAN Command Line History Window or in the PATRAN
interface for any error messages.
If there is a patqb.log file and no patq.msg file then look for error messages
in patqb.log.
If there is a patq.msg file then look for error messages in it.
If there are no error messages in the patq.msg file but this analysis requests
that a viewfactor run be made then is there a vf.msg file?
If there is a vf.msg file then look for error messages in it.
For this analysis answering the above questions should provide a clue to the
problem.

Once the error is found and resolved Repeat Steps 4 and 5. Remember that
now many of the files will have an extension index which has been
incremented by 1, e.g., vf.msg.01 to vf.msg.02. If it is convenient you may
delete all the files from the exercise_14 Job Named subdirectory prior to
resubmitting the analysis.
7. Read in results file and plot results.

Read and plot
From within MCS/PATRAN the only indication that the analysis has results
and Select Results File... you can filter down to the Job Name subdirectory
and check for the existence of the results file.
◆ Analysis
Read Results/Result Entiies
Filter
OK
OK
Apply
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot
Apply

Quit MSC/Patran

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
8. Quit MSC/PATRAN.
Quit MSC/
the drop-down menu.

Exercise 15
User Supplied Subroutines
Objective:
■ Create a user subroutine UHVAL that computes the
values for the heat transfer coefficient.

Exercise 15 User Supplied Subroutines
Model Description:
In this exercise the Convection Correlation will be supplied by the user. You
will write the necessary code to evaluate the Convection Correlation in the
user subroutine UHVAL. This Qtran subroutine will compute the values for
the heat transfer coefficient and return those values to the main program.
An iron slab is modeled in 2-dimensions. A heat flux of 1000w/m2 is

imposed on the bottom edge of the slab. The top surface convects heat to the
ambient temperature at 300K with a heat transfer coefficient defined by a
user supplied subroutine.
Tamb = 300 K
1m X 10m
Iron
Heat flux 1000W/m2
Exercise Overview:
■ Start MSC/PATRAN and create a new database named,
exercise_15.db.
■ Create the 2D model geometry.
■ Mesh the geometry with Quad4 elements and a Global Edge

Length of 0.2.
■ Create an ambient node for convection boundary conditions.
■ Apply properties.
■ Create values for distance from the leading edge using Fields
and Create/Spatial/PCL Function.
■ Define boundary conditions in Loads/BCs.
■ Copy ulib.f.

Open a new database
■ Modify and compile ulib.f.
■ Read the results file and plot temperature an heat transfer

coefficient results.
Exercise Procedure:
Next, select File from the Top Menu Bar and select New… from the drop-
File
New
OK

selections from a ghosted appearance to a bold format. When the New
Model Preferences form appears on your screen, set the Tolerance to
Default, and the Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL. Select OK to close
OK
Create plate 2. Create the 2D model geometry.

geometry To create the Surface that will represent the geometry of the 2D-model click
on Geometry in the Main Window and set the Action, Object, and Method
respectively to Create, Surface, and XYZ. Change the Vector Coordinates
List to <10, 1, 0> and click on the Apply button to create the Surface.

◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Vector Coordinate List <10 1 0>
Apply
3. Mesh the surface with an IsoMesh of quad4 elements, global IsoMesh the
edge length of 0.2.
surfaces
Select the Finite Elements Applications Radio Button and set the Action,
Object, and Type respectively to Create, Mesh, and Surface. Enter, 0.2, for
the Global Edge Length of the Quad4 elements you are now creating. Click
in the Surface List box and then select Surface 1 in the viewport. Click on
Apply to create the element.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Surface
Surface List <click on Surface 1 in
the viewport>
Apply

Create Ambient Node
Create 4. Create an ambient node for convection.

Ambient To create the ‘Ambient’ Node, click on Finite Elements in the Main
Node Window. Set the Action, Object, and Type respectively to Create, Node, and
Edit. Change the Node Id List to 999, set the Associate with Geometry
option to off, and then click in the Nodal Location List. Select the Screen
Position select icon in the Select Menu (the right-most icon) and then locate
the Node somewhere above the model’s center. Click on Apply to create
Node 999.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node Id List 999
Associate with Geometry (toggle off)
Node Location List <use Screen Position icon>
and <select somewhere

above the model’s center>

To better visualize the Node’s location, set the Node Radius to 6 (Display/
Finite Element). Or use the Tool Bar Node Size icon.
5. Apply properties to the quad4’s defining them as 2D/Thermal

2D elements having a material MID of 18. Apply
Select the Properties Applications Radio Button. Set the Action, element
Dimension, and Method to Create/2D/Thermal 2D. Enter Property Set properties
Name Prop1. Select the Input Properties... box. Click in the Material Name
box and enter 18. Select OK to close the form.Click in the Select Members
box and select Surface 1 in the viewport. Select Add then Apply in the
Element Properties form to complete the element property definition.
◆ Properties
Input Properties...
Material Name 18
Ok
Add
Apply
6. Create values for distance from the leading edge using Create micro-
Fields and Create/Spatial/PCL Function.
functions
Spatial functions can be created in the Fields form using the Action/Object/
Method Create/Spatial/PCL Function.
◆ Fields
Create/Spatial/
PCL Function
Field Name X_Dist
Scalar Function (’X, ’Y, ’Z) ’X+1.0
Apply

Fields
Action: Create
Object: Spatial
Method: PCL Function
Existing Fields
Field Name
X_Dist
Field Type
Scalar Vector
Coordinate System Type
Real Parametric
Coordinate System
Coord 0
Scalar Function ('X, 'Y, 'Z)

'X+1.0
Apply 7. Define boundary condition in Loads/BCs.

boundary To assign a heat flux of 1000 W/m2 to the bottom of Surface 1, click on
conditions Load/BCs in the Main Window. Set the Action, Object, and Type
respectively to Create/Heating(P Thermal)/Element Uniform/Flux.
Enter, Bott_Surf_Flux, for the New Set Name and then set the Target
Element Type to 2D. Select Input Data and enter 1000 for Heat Flux. Click
on OK to close the Input Data form. Next, click on the Select Application
Region button and set the Geometry Filter to Geometry in the Select
Application Region form. Click in the Select Surfaces or Edges box and then
select the edge selection icon (second icon from left) in the Select Menu.
Select the bottom edge of Surface 1 in the viewport. Click on the Add and
OK buttons to close the form.
Click on the Apply button to create the Heat Flux boundary condition.
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Heating/Element
Uniform
Analysis Type: Thermal
New Set Name Bott_Surf_Flux

Target Element Type: 2D

Input Data...
Heat Flux 1000
OK
Select Menu <Edge icon>
Select Surfaces or Edges <select Surface 1.4>

Add
OK
Apply
Next, Apply the 300K ambient temperature to Node 999 by clicking on

Load/BCs in the Main Window. Set the Action, Object, and Type
respectively to Create, Temp(P Thermal), and Nodal. Switch the Option:
to Fixed. Enter, Temp_amb, for the New Set Name. Click on the Input
Data button and enter 300 for the Fixed Temperature. Click on OK to close
the Input Data form. Next, click on the Select Application Region button.
Set the Geometry Filter to FEM and then click in the Select Nodes box.
Select Node 999 in the viewport. Click on the Add and OK buttons to close
the form. In the Load/Boundary Conditions form click on the Apply button
to assign the temperature to Node 999.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name Temp_amb
Input Data...
Fixed Temperature 300
OK


Add
OK
Apply
To apply the (yet to be defined) Convection Coefficient click on Load/BCs

in the Main Window and set the Action, Object, and Type respectively to
Create/Convection(PThermal)/Element Uniform.
Enter, Conv_Coeff_Spatial, in the New Set Name box and then change the
Target Element Type to 2D. Next, click on the Input Data button and enter
the field X_Dist for the Convection Coefficient, a Convection Template ID
of 1, and 999 for the Fluid Node ID. Click on OK to close the Input Data
form.
Click on the Select Application Region button in the Load/Boundary

Condition form. Using the Select Application Region form select the top
edge of Surface 1. Click on the Add and OK buttons to close that form.
Finally click on Apply to assign the boundary condition.
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Convection/Element
Uniform
New Set Name Conv_Coeff_Spatial
Input Data...
Convection Coefficient <select X-Dist> from
Spatial Fields
Convection Template ID 1
Fluid Node ID 999
OK
Geometry Filter ◆ Geometry
Select Surfaces or Edges <select top edge of Sur-
face 1, Surface 1.2>
Add

OK
Apply
The current model is shown below.
8. Copy ulib.f.
Copy ulib.f
Before you start programming the correlation, you will need to create a job
name subdirectory. In the directory you are running MSC/PATRAN create
a subdirectory named, exercise_15. Change to that subdirectory.
You will now copy the ulib.f file from the MCS/Thermal library. To do so
type get_qtran in the x-term window. Select utility and then ulib.f.
%mkdir exercise_15
%cd exercise_15
%get_qtran
Enter a problem directory name or <cr> to exit: utility
Enter a filename or <cr> to exit: ulib.f
%ls
Modify and Compile ulib.f
The ulib.f file contains, among others, the UHVAL subroutine and several
other skeleton or sample subroutines. You will modify the UHVAL
subroutine to create your own convection correlation.
9. Modify and compile ulib.f.

Modify and
Using the system editor open ulib.f and find the UHVAL subroutine. Three
example configurations, with CFID’s of 1000, 1001, 1002, are already Compile
programmed but commented out. ulib.f
Note: The CFID’s are defined in your Convection Template and are passed
to the subroutine UHVAL with the three configurations. The following two
values are always returned from the subroutine:
i) Conductance: GVALH = h * Area
ii) Heat transferred: Q = GVALH * (T1 - T2) ))
In any Convection Configuration you prescribe, these two variables must be

calculated and returned to the solver.
To compute the h value (h=(Tsurf + 100)/L) the following two inputs are
needed, RL, the distance from the leading edge to a particular element, and
Tsurf the temperature of the element edge (surface).
The distance from the leading edge will be passed from the field (X_Dist)
input in the Convection Coefficient data box in the Load/BCs form. The
average distance from the slab’s leading edge to each element will be
calculated from:
RL = (GP2 + GP3)/2
GP2 and GP3 are the distance from the model’s leading edge to the leading
and trailing edges of each element.
GP1 is automatically passed from MSC/PATRAN as the cross sectional or

surface area of each element.
You will now write the FORTRAN code to calculate GVALH, Q, and H.
With the systems editor open the ulib.f file. Scroll down the file or search
for the second occurence of “UHVAL” in the file to locate the UHVAL
subroutine. After the following line,
C*C 1000 CONTINUE
type the following lines of code while taking care to place all your code
beyond column 7. Remember, this is FORTRAN.

DOUBLE PRECISION RL, AREA
RL = (GP(IRESIS,2) + GP(IRESIS,3))/2.0
AREA = GP(IRESIS,1)
H = (T1+100.0)/RL
GVALH = H*AREA
Q = GVALH*(T1-T2)
Save the file and quit your editor.
As you scrolled down through UHVAL you may have noticed that Q,
GVALH, H, T1, and T2 are already declared variables; hence, you only
needed to declare RL and AREA.
You will now compile your user routine. Delete any existing ulib.a you may
have previously created, if any. Type in the command:
%ulib ulib.f
After successful compilation a new ulib.a will be present in your

subdirectory. If any syntax errors scroll through the window during
compilation then re-edit the file and repeat the above compilation step.
To call the Convection Configuration you just created in UHVAL, you will
need to create an appropriate convection template in the template.dat.apnd
file. Move up one level of directories using cd .. and move any existing
template.dat.apnd file out of the way and create a new one. Remember: the
template.dat.apnd must exist at the same level as the exercise_15.db.
Use the same Convection Template ID that you specified in MSC/PATRAN

when you applied the convection boundary condition. Create the
Convection Template with TID=1 and Config 1000. Your convection
template should look like he following:
CONV 1 1000 0 0
Using the system editor enter this line in the template.dat.apnd file.
Note: Since all of the GP values are supplied through the MSC/PATRAN
interface and the calculation in UHVAL uses no material properties, no GP
values and MPID’s have to be specified in the convection template.


Prepare and Select the Analysis Applications Radio Button to prepare the analysis.
run analysis Select the parameter forms reviewing and changing the settings as shown
below. The analysis is submitted by selecting Apply in the Analysis form
◆ Analysis
Translational Parameters... 2D Plane Geometry, X Y Co-ordi-
nates (Unit Thickness in Z)
OK
Output Requests...
Nodal Results File Format...
Select Thermal Entries to Output <select all 8 items by selecting them>
OK
OK
Apply

Read Result
After completion of the analysis read and post-process the results. The
resulting figure should look like the one in the title page of this exercise.
◆ Analysis
Filter
OK
Files pthermal_nod_T.res_tmpl

OK
Apply
Warning
OK
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
Select the Select Result icon.
Select Fringe Result Average Convection Coefficient

Apply

Quit MSC/Patran
12. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/ To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Top Menu Bar and select Quit
Patran from the drop-down menu.

Exercise 16
A Concentric Tube,
Counterflow Heat Exchanger
Objective:
■ Demonstrate MSC/THERMAL capabilities for gap
convection problems.
■ Practice basic modeling skills using MSC/PATRAN.

Exercise 16 A Concentric Tube, Counterflow Heat Exchanger
Model Description:
In this exercise you will create a simple 3D model representing a concentric
tube, counterflow heat exchanger. Owing to symmetry considerations only
one-fourth of the heat exchanger configuration needs to be modeled.
A team of university students is considering a makeshift heat exchanger, to

cool and discard gaseous coolant from a small reactor. The heat exchanger
is designed to “begin” at the reactor coolant plenum. In the event of an
emergency, a safety valve would open to draw the coolant from the plenum
into the exchanger (a process which will require approximately 60 seconds
to complete). A secondary liquid coolant would then be used to decrease the
temperature of the reactor coolant, before the reactor coolant enters an
complex filtration process.
The existing reactor coolant system is comprised of steel; and, the material
proposed to contain the secondary coolant flow is simple lead. At the
junction between the plenum and the heat exchanger, the gaseous fluid
would exhibit a high mass flow rate at 350oC; the entry length variation of
the convection coefficient between the steel and the gas is expected to
follow: h = 200-13000*z3 w/m2K (where z is the distance from the plenum).
The liquid coolant will flow between the steel coolant tube and its own lead
housing, will be fully developed and is expected to exhibit a high convection
coefficient (3000 w/m2K).
The students prime concern with the design is the determination of the
maximum temperature that the lead tube will exhibit after 60s of use.
Lead
Secondary
Liquid
Coolant
Reactor Coolant
Plenum
350oC
Steel
Z
h(z)
Reactor
Coolant

Open a new database
Exercise Overview:
■ Create a new database named exercise_16.db.
■ Use the Create and Edit actions on the Geometry form to

constuct a 2D representation of the heat exchanger.
■ Mesh the 2D geometry created in the previous step and use

Sweep/Element/Extrude to develop he 3D FEM model.
■ Create 4 nodes to represent the spatial variation of the

convection coefficient of the reactor coolant over the entry
length.
■ Apply the appropriate Element Properties to the FEM model:

Quad4’s - Steel MID 353; Hex8’s - Lead MID 21.
■ Crate/Spatial/PCL Function to define the variation of the

convection coefficient of the reactor coolant flow in the
streamwise direction.
■ Apply a fixed temperature of 350oC to the nodes representing

gasous coolant.
■ Create 2 Between Regions Convection Boundary Condtions.
■ Perform a Transient Analysis for 60s assuming a global initial

temp of 25oC.
■ Read results file and plot results.
Exercise Procedure:

File
New
OK

Model Preferences form appears on your screen, set the Approximate
Maximum Model Dimension to 0.07, and the Analysis Code to MSC/
THERMAL. Select OK to close the New Model Preferences form.
Approximate Maximum Model Dimension 0.07

OK
2. Use the Create and Edit actions on the Geometry form to Create 2D heat
constuct a 2D representation of the heat exchanger.
exchanger
Select the Geometry Applications Radio Button. Create a surface using the
◆ Geometry
Create/Curve/2D ArcAngles
Radius 0.05
Starting Angle 180
End Angle 270
Apply
Radius 0.06
Apply
Create/Surface/XYZ
Vector Coordinates List <-0.07 -0.07 0>
Apply

Create 2D heat exchanger
Turn on the label by using the Tool Bar Show Label icon.
Edit/Surface/Break
Option: Curve
Surface List: Surface 1
Break Curve List Curve 2
Message! (delete original surface) Yes
Delete/Any
Geometric Entity List Surface 3
Apply
At any time during this exercise, use the Tool Bar Refresh graphics icon to
refresh the graphics when necessary.

3. Mesh the surface with quad4 elements. Use the Paver and a
global edge length of 0.006. Mesh the
surfaces
Select the Finite Elements Applications Radio Button. Set the Action,
to 0.006 and select Surface 2for inclusion in the Surface List.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Surface
Mesher ◆ Paver
Surface List Surface 2
Apply
Create/Mesh/Curve
Curve List Curve 1
Apply
Sweep/Element/Extrude
Mesh Control ...
Number = 20
OK
Extrude Distance 0.2
◆ Delete Original Elements
Base Entity List <type in “Elm 1:#”>
Apply
Use the Tool Bar Hide Label icon andIso 1 View to get a clearer view of the
graphics. Also, increase the size of the nodes by using the Tool Bar Node
Size icon so the four boundary nodes will be more visible.

Create ambient nodes
Create 4. Create 4 nodes to effect a spatial variation of the convection

coefficient magnitude to represent a developing flow.
ambient
nodes Using the Finite Elements form, create 4 boundary nodes which are not
associated with geometry. The nodes are numbered 9996 to 9999. Click in
the appropriate list boxes to edit the default values and change them to
values listed below.
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 9996
Node Location List [0 0 0]

Apply
Node ID List 9997
Node Location List [0 0 0.05]
Apply

Node ID List 9998

Apply
Node ID List 9999
Apply
Rotate the display to verify the locations of the new nodes. Using the Iso 2
View, the model should appear as shown below.
Revert the display back to the Front View for the next section.

5. Apply two element properties to the elements using

Apply the material property MID’s 353 and 21.
element In a typical modelling sequence the Materials Application radio button
properties would be the next stop to define a material for application in Element
Properties. However, MSC/THERMAL includes a Material Properties
Database which contains 970 materials with thermal properties already
defined. We will use this database to facilitate the analysis.
and Method to Create/2D/Shell. Enter Property Set Name Steel. Select the
Input Properties... box. In the Input Properties form, click in the Material
Name box and enter 353, and thickness of 0.005m. Select OK to close the
form. First, select 2D element from the Select Menu Form. Click in the Select
Members box and drag a rectangle around the model in the viewport. Select
Add then Apply in the Element Properties form to complete the element
property definition.
◆ Properties
Create/2D/Shell
Property Set Name Steel
Input Properties...
Material Name 353
Shell Corner Thickness 0.005
Ok
Select Members/Select Menu <2D Element icon, second from
top>
Select Members <select all entities, (Elm

1316:1575)>
Add
Apply
Perform the same steps for outer lead portion, using Action, Dimension,
andMethod to Create/3D/Thermal 3D Solid, Lead for the Property Set
Name, 21 for the Material Name.
◆ Properties
Property Set Name Lead

Input Properties...
Material Name 21
Ok
Select Members/Select Menu <Solid Element icon, second
from top>
Select Members <select all entities, (Elm

76:1315)>
Add
Apply
6. Create/Spatial/PCL Function to define the Create

variation of the convection coefficient of the reactor
coolant flow in the stream direction. Function
◆ Fields
Create/Spatial/PCL Function
Field Name convection_f_of_z
Scalar Function (‘X, ‘Y, ‘Z) 200-(13000*’Z*’Z*’Z)
Apply
Show
Select Field To Show convection_f_of_z
Specify Range...
Maximum 0.2
No. of Points 10
OK
Apply

The XY Result Window and Table should appear as shown below.
Close the window and table by clicking on the Unpost Current XYWindow.
Cancel
Unpost Current XYWindow
7. Apply a fixed temperature of 350oC to the nodes Apply

representing gasous coolant.
boundary
Begin applying boundary conditions. Select the Load/BCs Applications conditions
Radio Button. Create a fixed 350oC nodal boundary temperature named
interior_flow. In the Input Data form define the fixed temperature. In the
Select Applications Region form pick Node 9996 to 9999 located in the upper
right corner of the display screen.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name interior_flow
Input Data...
OK


Select Nodes <select Node 9996 to 9999>
Add
OK
Apply
Create a between regions convection flow named inner_flow with the data
show as follow.
Uniform
Option: Between Regions
New Set Name inner_flow
Region 2: Nodal
Input Data...
Convection Coefficient <select convection_f_of_z in
the Spatial FIelds Box>
OK
Order: Closest Approach
Select 2D Elements or Edges <select all entities, (Elm

1211:1470)>
Add
Application Region <select the bottom one>
◆ Active List
Select Nodes <select Node 9996 to 9999 in

the upper right corner of the
display.>
Add
OK

Apply
A blue line should verify the newly defined association.
Before creating the next convection condition, make sure that the polygon
picking preference is set at Enclose entire entity.
Preference
Picking...
Rectangle/Polygon Picking ◆Enclose entire entity
Close
Now, construct the next Between Regions Convection condition called

outer_flow as follow.
Uniform
Option: Between Regions
New Set Name outer_flow
Region 2: 2D
Input Data...
OK
Order: Closest Approach
Application Region <select the top one>

◆ Active List
Select 3D Element Faces <Use the <CNTL> key and the

left mouse button to create a
polygon selecting only those
lead element which contact
the outer fluid flow>
Add
Application Region <select the bottom one>
◆ Active List

Select 2D Elements or Edges <select all entities, (Elm

1211:1470).>
Add
OK
Apply

Prepare and
Select the Analysis Applications Radio Button to prepare the analysis.
Select the parameter forms reviewing and changing the settings as shown run analysis
below. The analysis is submitted by selecting Apply in the Analysis form.
◆ Analysis
Solution Type...
Select Thermal Solution ◆ 1, Transient Run
OK
Stop Time = 60
OK
OK
Output Requests...
Print Interval Control...
Initial Print Interval = 20.0
OK
OK
Apply
When the Heartbeat returns to green open a UNIX shell to monitor the
progress of your job. Recall that the tools for monitoring your job are as
follows:
1) cd - to change the current directory to the Job Name subdirectory,
2) tail - f patq.msg.01 - to monitor the generation of the input deck,
3) qstat l - to link the status file from each time step together and,
4) qstat c - to monitor the solver progress.

From within MCS/PATRAN the only indication that the analysis has Read and plot
successfully finished is the existence of an nrX.nrf.01 results file in a results

◆ Analysis
Filter
OK
OK
Apply
Change the display to the Iso 1 View, reduce the node size, and remove the
BC vectors by using the Tool Bar Iso 1 View, Node Size, Reset graphics, and
then Refresh graphic icons.
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot

Quit MSC/Patran

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
10. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/
Patran To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Top Menu Bar and select Quit

Exercise 17
Analysis of a Fuel Nozzle Tip Using

Convection Between Regions
Objective:
■ Model an axisymmetric slice of a fuel nozzle tip.
■ Apply advective, radiative, and convective boundary

conditions.

Exercise 17 Analysis of a Fuel Nozzle Tip Using Convection Between Regions
Model Description:
In this exercise you will create an axisymmetric model of a fuel nozzle tip.
You will model the heat transfer contribution of the fuel flow by an
advective boundary condition. The geometry and boundary conditions for
the problem are shown below
The interior surface of the nozzle across which the fuel flows must be
coupled to the fuel flow with a heat transfer coefficient. Since the
corresponding fluid sink will not be a single node but a series of nodes the
usual Load./BCs Create/Convection/Use Correlations form does not apply.
Until the Between Regions Option is implemented for 2D dimensionality (It
is currently applicable only to 3D models.) you must use Element Type
Convective Quads to couple the inner diameter of the nozzle to the fluid
flow.
Figure 1
Geometry
5.0”
.5”
Nickel (MID = 243)
0.05”
Steel (MID = 379)
0.1”
Still Air at h = K/L = 7.0 BTU/hr ft2 ˚F
Boundary Conditions
Forced Convection Air
T = 1000˚F h = 500 BTU/hr ft2 ˚F
Radiation from Flame
Flame Temp = 4000˚F
ε = 0.8
Internal Radiationh e = 0.80
Fuel In
h
Specific gravity = 0.78
Tin = 200 ˚F
h = 500.0 BTU/hr ft2 ˚F
m = 50 lbm/hr
Cp = 0.57 BTU/lbm ˚F

Exercise Overview:
■ Create the nozzle, fluid stream, and Convective Quad

geometry.
■ Verify that surface normals are consistent with RxZ reversing

■ Mesh the model surfaces with an IsoMesh of Quad4 elements

global edge length of 0.25.
■ Use Finite Elements/Create/Node/Edit to create two ambient

nodes 998 and 999 for the ambient and flame temperatures,
respectively.
■ Apply Thermal Axisymmetric element properties to the nozzle

and Advection Bar element properties to the flow stream.
■ Define three fixed temperature, three convective, and two

■ Create and post a group name Nozzle which only includes the
nozzle elements.

steady state analysis including viewfactor and radiation resistor
conversions from inches to feet that all calculations and output
should be in oF.

Exercise Procedure:
the New Database Name box and entering exercise_17
File
New Database...
OK

Preferences form.
OK
2. Create the nozzle, fluid stream, and Convective Quad Create the
geometry.
nozzle and
Select the Geometry Applications radio button. Create the first of two fluid stream
surfaces that represent the geometry of the outer nozzle shell using the geometry
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Auto Execute

Origin Coordinates List [0 0.2 0]
Apply

Use Tool Bar Show Labels icon to turn on labels.
To create the second surface change the Vector Coordinates List to <0.5,
0.05, 0>. Click in the Origin Coordinates List and select Point 4 (the lower
right corner of Surface 1).
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Origin Coordinates List <select Point 4, the lower right corner
point of Surface 1,from the viewport>
Apply
Select Viewing/Scale Factors... to increase the scale of the model in the Y-

direction. This will expand the model display to facilitate viewing, picking,
and displaying results. Only the model display is scaled not the actual model
dimensions. Scaling may throw the coordinate system symbol out of the
display viewport.
Viewing
Scale Factors...
Model Y 5.0
Apply
Cancel

2 3 5
1 2
1 4 6
To create the surfaces that will represent the geometry where the Steel and
Still Air will reside set the Geometry form Action, Object, and Method to
Transform/Surface/Translate. Click in the Translator Vector databox and
then choose the following Select 2 point icon.
Click on Point 5 and Point 6 to define the translation vector. Next, set the
Repeat Count to 2, click in the Surface List databox and drag a rectangle
around Surface 1 and Surface 2 in the viewport.
◆ Geometry
Translation Vector <choose the Select 2 points icon
(shown above) in the Select Menu
and select Point 5 and then
Point 6 in the viewport>
Repeat Count 2
Auto Execute
Surface List <drag a rectangle around both

surfaces in the viewport>
Apply

2 3 5
1 2
1 4 6
3 4
7 8 9
5 6
10 11 12
The flow of fuel within the nozzle will be modelled with advection bars.
Create the two curves where the bars will be placed. Change the Action,
Object, and Method to Create/Curve/XYZ. For the first curve set the Vector
and Origin Coordinates List to, <4.5 0 0> and [0 0 0] respectively.
◆ Geometry
Create/Curve/XYZ
Auto Execute

Apply
To create the second curve set the Vector and Origin Coordinates List to
<0.5, 0, 0> and Point 14 respectively.

Origin Coordinates List <select Point 14>
Apply

Now, delete Surface 3 in the air gap.
◆ Geometry
Delete/Any
Geometric Entity List <Surface 3>
Apply
Refrest the graphics.

3. Verify that surface normals are consistent with RxZ. Reverse

any surface normals which are not consistent with RxZ. Verify surface
normals and
Radiative boundary conditions modeled in an axisymmetric coordinate
frame must have all element normals pointing in the RxZ (read R cross Z) flow direction
direction. In this model, RxZ is in the global -Z direction. It is wise to verify
the normal direction now since there are fewer surfaces than elements. This
will facilitate viewing and reversing normals. Element normal will follow
geometry normals in a 2D model.
Alternatively, element normals can be reversed, if necessary, later in the

modeling process. However, if LBC’s are applied to elements before the
normals are reversed then when the element normals are reversed the LBC’s
may be dropped from those elements and require review and reapplication.
To verify normals change to an isometric view using the Tool Bar icon.
Use Show/Surface/Normal. Drag a rectangle around all surfaces. In this

model all surfaces normals must be reversed. Use Edit/Surface/Reverse,
select all the surfaces, Draw Normal Vectors to verify reversal.
◆ Geometry
Show/Surface/Normal
in the viewport>
Apply
Auto Execute
in the viewport>
Apply
Draw Normal Vectors
It is also prudent to verify the direction of the flow stream. Advection in an

element flows in the local node 1 to node 2 direction. Unless reversed, the
element local node 1/node 2 direction will follow the parent curve C1, or
parametric, direction. Hence, it is sufficient to verify the C1 directions of
Curve 1 and Curve 2. There is a toggle for displaying geometric parametric
directions in Display/Geometry. Curves have only one parametric direction

which is shown in the same color as the curve. Scaling may have offset the
parametric marker from the curve but it’s color and relative length should
facilitate identification.
Display
Geometry...
Show Parametric Direction
Apply
Cancel
The resulting display is shown below.
Return to default Front view.
Remove parametric directions display.
Display

IsoMesh the surfaces and fluid stream curve
Geometry...
Parametric Direction
Apply
Cancel
Remove the Normal Vectors.
◆ Geometry
Reset Graphics
4. Mesh the model surfaces with an IsoMesh of Quad4 elements IsoMesh the
global edge length of 0.25. surfaces and
fluid stream
Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Set the Action, curve
to 0.25 and click in the Surface List box. Drag a rectangle around all surfaces
in the viewport.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Surface
Surface List <drag a rectangle around all sur-
faces in the viewport>
Apply
Create Bar2 elements along Curves 1 and 2.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Curve
Curve List <select Curves 1 and 2 using the
Apply

5. Use Finite Elements/Create/Node/Edit to create two ambient

nodes 998 and 999 for the ambient and flame temperatures. Create
boundary
In the Finite Elements form create a boundary node which is not associated
with geometry. The node is numbered 998. Locate the node at [2.5 0.3 0]. nodes
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 998
Auto Execute

Apply
Repeat for Node 999 located at [5.2 0.15 0].
Increase the display size of nodes. Use either Display/Finite Elements ... or
the associated Tool Bar icon to change the node size.
Display
Finite Elements...
Apply
Cancel
or,
Select Display/Entity Color/Label/Render .../Hide All Entity Labels or

use the Tool Bar Labels Hide icon to remove all labels and unclutter the
display.
Display
Hide All Entity Labels
Apply

Equivalence nodes
Cancel
or,
Equivalence 6. Equivalence the nodes at the mating surface edges.

nodes Using the Finite Elements form set the Action/Object/Method to
◆ Finite Elements
Apply
7. Apply Thermal Axisymmetric element properties to the nozzle

Apply and Advection Bar element properties to the flow stream.
element Use Tool Bar Label Control icon to turn on Surface labels.
properties to
nozzle
Close

and Type to Create/2D/Thermal Axisymmetric. Enter Property Set Name
Nickel. Select the Input Properties... box. Click in the Material Name box
and select Surfaces 1, 2, and 4 in the viewport using the shift-left mouse
button. Select Add then Apply in the Element Properties form to complete
the element property definition.
◆ Properties
Create/2D/Thermal Axisymmetric
Property Set Name Nickel
Input Properties...
Material Name 243
Ok
Select Members <select Surfaces 1, 2, and 4 in
the viewport using shift-left
mouse button>
Add
Apply
Repeat these steps for Steel, MID 379, on Surfaces 5 and 6.
The last element property you will create will define the Bar2 elements as
advective bars. Change the Dimension to 1D and the Type to Advection Bar.
Enter Adv_bars for the Property Set Name and then click on the Input
Properties… button. When the Input Properties form appears enter 1 for
the Cp-MPID and 50 for the Mass Flow Rate.
Create/1D/Advection bar
Property Set Name Adv_bars
Input Properties...
[Specific Heat MPID] 1
Mass Flow Rate 50
Ok

Select Members <select Curves 1 and 2 using

Add
Apply
Though the Specific Heat MPID appears in square brackets it is, in fact, not
an optional entry. Even in a steady state analysis advective conductors are
derived from the product of specific heat and mass flow rate.
Apply 8. Define three fixed temperature, three convective, and two

boundary
Select the Load/BCs Applications radio button. Create a fixed 1000oF
conditions nodal boundary temperature named T_air. In the Input Data form define the
fixed temperature. In the Select Region form pick Node 998, located above
the nozzle model.
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name T_air
Input Data...
OK
Add
OK
Apply
Repeat these steps for a New Set Name T_flame of 4000 oF applied to
Node 999, located to the right of the nozzle and for a New Set Name
T_fuel of 200oF applied to Node 179, located at the lower left corner of
the model at the fuel stream inlet.

Create the ambient convection boundary condition. Use a New Set Name
Amb_conv, a Convection Coefficient of 500.0, and a Fluid Node 998.
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Convection/
Element Uniform
New Set Name Amb_conv
Input Data...
Fluid Node ID 998
OK
Select Surface or Edges <Select the top edges of

Surfaces 1 and 2 (Surface
1.3 and 2.3) using the
Shift-left mouse button>
Add
OK
Apply
Create gap condition across still air gap with h=k/L where k = 0.029 BTU/
hr ft2 ˚F and L = 0.05/12 ft. Hence h = 7.0 BTU/hr ft2 ˚F.
◆ Load/BCs
New Set Name Still_air

Region 2 2D
Input Data...
OK
Select Surface or Edges <Select the bottom edge of
Add
Select the bottom most Active List, which is used to select region 2.
Active List
Select Surface or Edges <Select the top edge of

Add
OK
Apply
Since the convection coefficient from fuel-to-nozzle is now constant,

h=500BTU/hr ft2 ˚F, the Convection/Between Regions option can also be
used for the fuel-to-nozzle connection.
◆ Load/BCs
New Set Name Fuel_convection
Region 2 1D
Input Data...
OK


Active List (top)
Select Surface or Edges <Select the lower edge of

nozzle. (Surface 5.1 and 6.1)
using shift-left mouse
button.>
Add
Active List (bottom)
Select Surface or Edges <Select Curve 1 and 2 using

shift-left mouse button.>
Add
OK
Apply
Create the flame radiation boundary condition. Use a New Set Name
Flame_rad, a VFAC Template ID of 10, and an Ambient Node 999, a Convex
Surface ID of 999, an Obstr Flag of 1, and an Enclosure ID of 1.
◆ Load/BCs
New Set Name Flame_rad
Input Data...
Vfac Template ID 10
Ambient Node ID 999
Convex Surface ID 999
(Note: Use Scroll bar to access more fields)

Enclosure ID 1
OK

Select Surface or Edges <Select the right edges of

Surfaces 2, 4, and 6, by
using the shift-left mouse
botton.>
Add
OK
Apply
Create the radiation effect in the still air gap.
◆ Load/BCs
New Set Name Still_air_rad
Input Data...
Vfac Template ID 10
Ambient Node ID <no entry>
Convex Surface ID <no entry>
Enclosure ID 2
There are only 2 entries in this Input Data form. VFAC Template ID and
Enclosure ID.
OK
Select Surface or Edges <Select the perimeter of the
still air gap, Surface 1.1,
4.4, and 5.3 using the shift
left mouse button.>
Add

OK
Apply
With boundary conditions applied the model should now appear as shown
below.
9. Create and post a group name Nozzle which only includes the
nozzle elements. Create a
You will create a group which will contain only entities group maned
associated with the nozzle. nozzle
Group
Create...
New Group Name Nozzle
Make Current
Entity Selections <drag a rectangle around the nozzle

portion of the model including the
two boundary nodes>

Apply
Cancel
In unix create the database vi edit a file named template.dat.apnd creating
the CONV and VFAC definitions.
template.dat.
apnd file Open a unix xterm window and change directories (cd) to the directory


Create two definitions, a CONV for the fuel flow Convective Quads and the
other, a VFAC for the flame radiation boundary condition. Shown below is
the final form of the template.dat.apnd file created for this exercise. Note
that any comment lines must be started with an * in column 1 and make sure
that there are no blank lines especially at the end of the file. Start typing
from the first column and do no enter any blank lines.
VFAC 10 0
0.8 1
11. Prepare and submit the model for analysis specifying that it is
steady state analysis including viewfactor and radiation resistor Prepare and
conversions from inches to feet that all calculations and output run analysis
should be in oF.
the parameter forms reviewing and changing the settings as shown below.
◆ Analysis
Co-ordinates
Radial, R Co-ordinate ◆ Yaxis

Centerline, Z Co-ordinate ◆ Xaxis
Conversion
From Units inches

To Units feet
File to Extract Undefined Materials: 3,mpidfph.bin (Btu-feet-hour.
OK
Solution Type...
Perform Viewfactor Analysis
OK


Stefan-Boltzmann Constant 1.7140E-9 BTU/HR/FT2/R4

OK
OK
Output Requests...
OK
Submit Options...
Make sure both Create ViewFactor Control FIle (vf.ctl) and Execute
Viewfactor Analysis are selected.
OK
Apply

Read and plot

◆ Analysis

Filter
OK
OK
Apply
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
13. Quit MSC/PATRAN

Quit MSC/
the drop-down menu.

Quit MSC/ Patran

Exercise 18
Post-processing the Hybrid

Microcircuit Results with Insight
Objective:
■ In this exercise you post-process the results of the hybrid
microcircuit analysis using Insight tools.

Exercise 18 Post-processing the Hybrid Microcircuit
Model Description:
In this exercise you will reopen the hybrid microcircuit database which now
includes results data. You will use the Insight post-processing tools to
enhance the presentation of the available results.
Two isothermal surfaces will be generated which will provide a three

dimensional view of the temperature field within the model. Also a series of
planes will be created to expose the interior pattern of temperatures.
Exercise Overview:
■ Use Viewing/Named View Options... and Viewing/

Transformations... to change to an X-Z view.
■ With Display/Entity Color/Label/Render... change

render style to hidden line and use Transformations... to
readjust display to a better point of view for results.
■ Use Insight to create an Isosurface Tool with which to

view isothermal surfaces contained within the model.
■ Use Insight to create a second Isosurface which will

define 5 display planes through the model on which
fringe results will be displayed.
■ Quit. MSC/PATRAN.

Exercise Procedure:
Open an 1. Open the existing database named microcircuit.db.
existing Within your window environment change directories to the microcircuit.db
database working directory. Run MSC/PATRAN by typing p3 in your xterm window.
database.
File
Open Database...
Database List microcircuit.db
OK

Change to an 2. Change the view to an X-Z view. (This step can also be
accomplished simply by selecting the Tool Bar Bottom view
X-Z view icon).
Select Viewing from the Menu Bar to change to a default_view of the

model hybrid_fem entities.
Viewing
Select Named View default_view
Close
Select Viewing from the Menu Bar and use Transformations... to adjust the
display to an X-Z view. When the rotation increment is defined use the -X
rotation icon to complete the X-Z view.
Viewing
Transformations...
Options...

◆ Screen Relative
OK
90o -X rotation>
Reset Graphics using the Reset Graphics icon.
Z
Y X
3. Change render style to hidden line and use Transformations... Change

to adjust display to a better point of view for results.
display
Select Display/Entity Color/Label/Render... to Hidden Line to facilitate point of view
viewing.
Display/Entity Color/Label/
Render...
Render Style: Hidden Line
Apply

Change display point of view
Cancel
Or, use the Hidden Line icon.
Again use the Transformations form to change the view point. (The
form should have been left open on the screen and should
Transformations
still be available. If necessary, reopen it using Viewing/
Transformations...).
Viewing
Transformations...
Options...
◆ Screen Relative
OK
15o +Z rotation>
<select this icon twice for a

30o +X rotation>
OK

Z
Y
X
4. Create an Isosurface Tool with which to view isothermal Create an

surfaces contained within the model.
Isosurface
Select the Insight Applications radio button. There will be a short delay tool
while insight is loaded and the default_viewport is modified to show an
‘Insight Graphics Window’. Set Action/Tool to Create/Isosurface.
◆ Insight
Create/Isosurface
Select the results case and temperature data from the Results Selection form
and select the Isovalue Setup... to define the number and value of the
Isosurfaces.
Current Load Case(s) 2.1-Time: 0.0000000000D+00 S...
Update Results
Isosurface Result 1.1-Temperature,
Isovalue Setup...

Create an Isosurface tool
Using either the slider bar or by editing the entry box and hitting a <CR>
change the Number of Isos to 2. Edit the Isovalue entry box and enter 23.0.
Edit the Ending Value box and enter 26.0. Select OK twice to close the
Result Isovalue Setup and Result Selection Form. Select Apply in the Insight
Imaging form to create the Isos_1 Tool
Number of Isos (Use Slider Bar) 2
Isovalue 23.0
Ending Value 26.0
OK
OK
Apply
The Isos_1 tool will appear in the Existing Isosurfaces list, the Isosurface
Name box will increment the Isosurface Tool Name, and two isotherms will
be displayed in the viewport. The display should appear as shown below.

5. Create a second Isosurface Tool which will define 5 display

planes through the model on which fringe results will be Create another
displayed. Isosurfacetool
To prepare the display for the second isosurface tool select Insight Control and apply
from the Menu Bar. Choose Post/Unpost Tools... Select None and Apply fringe data
to clear the display.
Insight Control
Post/Unpost Tools...
Select None
Apply
Cancel
In the Insight Imaging form set Action/Tool to Create/Isosurface change the

Isosurface Value from Result to Coord. Select Coordinate Selection and
in the Isosurface Coordinate Selection using the slider bar or by editing the
entry box and hitting <CR> increase the Number of Isos to 5. Set the
Starting Value and Ending Value to 0.002 and 0.016, respectively. Select
Isosurface Attributes to change the isosurface Color to white, Clip at
Isosurface, and set display extremes to Free Edge. Select Apply to create
the tool.
◆ Insight
Create/Isosurface
Isosurface Value ◆ Coord.
Coordinate Selection...
Number of Isos (Use Slider Bar) 5
Starting value 0.002
Ending Value 0.016
OK
Isosurface Attributes...
Color: White
Clip at Isosurface
< Display Free Edge
> Display Free Edge

Create another Isosurface tool and apply fringe data
OK
Apply
The 5 isosurfaces should now be displayed as shown below.
This set of isosurface will be used to display results fringes. Use Create/
Fringe from the Insight Imaging form to create the Fringe Tool. Select the
temperature results and Target the Isosurfaces defined in Isos_2.
◆ Insight
Create/Fringe
Current Load Case(s) 2.1-Time: 0.0000000000D+00 S...
Update Results
Fringe Result 1.1-Temperature,

OK
Target Isosurfaces
Target Isosurfaces Isos_2
Apply
The fringe results will be evaluated at the locations of the isosurface planes.
The display should appear as shown below and on the front panel of this
exercise.
6. Quit MSC/PATRAN
Quit MSC/
the drop-down menu.

Quit MSC/Patran

Exercise 19
Animating Results with Insight
Objective:
■ In this exercise you will post-process the time
dependent results of Exercise 10 using Insight Tools.
■ You will create an Insight animation of the transient

heat transfer analysis.

Exercise 19 Animating Results with Insight
Model Description:
In this exercise you will reopen the database developed in Exercise 10 which
now includes time dependent results data. You will use the Insight post-
processing tools to enhance the presentation of the available results.
A Fringe Tool will be created from the entire set of results. The results will
then be animated using the Animation Control options within Insight
Control.
Exercise Overview:
■ Open the existing database named exercise_10.db.
■ Use Insight to create a Fringe Tool with which to view

a fringe plot of the results.
■ Use Insight Control/Range Control... to freeze the

spectrum range in the ‘Insight Graphics Window’.
■ Use Insight Control/Animation Control... to Setup and

control the animation in the ‘Insight Graphics Window’.
■ Exit Insight and Quit MSC/PATRAN.
Exercise Procedure:
1. Open the existing database named exercise_10.db. Open an
Within your window environment change directories to the microcircuit.db existing
working directory. Run MSC/PATRAN by typing p3 in your xterm window. database
database.
.
File
Open
Database List exercise_10.db
OK

PATRAN 312 Exercises - V ersion 7.5 19-3

Create an Insight Fringe tool
If the display shows the Fringe Plot results from Exercise_10, clear the
screen using the Reset Graphics icon.
Create an 2. Use Insight to create a Fringe Tool with which to view a fringe
plot of the results.
Insight
Fringe tool Select the Insight Applications radio button. There will be a short delay
while insight is loaded and the default_viewport is modified to show an
‘Insight Graphics Window’. Set Action/Tool to Create/Fringe.
◆ Insight
Create/Fringe

Select all the results cases listed in the Current Load Case(s) list box and
select Update Results. Select all the results files by depressing the left
mouse button and dragging down through the list.
Select Temperature data from the Fringe Result list box in the Results
Selection form. Be sure to select Temperature from the Fringe Result list
box. It is selected when it is highlighted with a dark background.
Current Load Case(s) <depress left mouse button and drag

through all listed results from top to
bottom, highlighting them>
Update Results
Fringe Result 1.1-Temperature,
OK
Apply
The display should appear as shown below. It shows the fringe plot for the
first results set at t=0.0s which is isothermal at 100oC.

Freeze the spectrum data range
3. Use Insight Control/Range Control... to freeze the spectrum

Freeze the range in the Insight Graphics Window.
spectrum data
From the constraints applied to the analysis you know that all temperatures
range will remain between 100.0oC and 160.0oC. Taking advantage of this
information we will freeze the spectrum range for all image frames created
during the animation setup.
Insight Control
Range Control...
Freeze Range Values
Min. 100.0
Max. 160.0
Apply
Cancel
This step could also be performed at any time after the animation is created.
If the temperature range is not known before hand, however, the initial
animation may have a surprising appearance since each frame will auto
range to the minimum and maximum temperature for that frame. Adjust the
spectrum to range from blue/cold to white/hot.
Display
Spectrum
Spectrum Type ◆ Temperature
Apply
Cancel

4. Use Insight Control/Animation Control... to Setup and Setup and run

control the animation in the Insight Graphics Window.
the Insight
From the constraints applied to the analysis you know that all temperatures animation
will remain between 100.0oC and 160.0oC. Taking advantage of this
information we will freeze the spectrum range for all image frames created
during the animation setup.
Insight Control
Animation Control...
Setup...
Non-Animation Tool(s) FR-Fringe_1
Selecting the FR-Fringe_1 tool you created earlier initiates the Animation
Attributesform. From this form we will define the Animation Type and
Global Variable.
Enable Animation

Setup and run the Insight animation
Global Variable TIME
Ok
The Animation Attributes form will close. At this point define the number of
frames, 13. This will create an animation frame for each 30s interval
beginning at t=0s and ending at t=360s.
The choice of number of frames is arbitrary and need not be identical to or

a multiple of the number of results sets. Insight will interpolate on the
Global Variable based on the result sets that are available. Hence, you could
have chosen 25 frames for an animation frame at 15s intervals. In fact, this
Animation is much better at 25 frames.
Frames 13
Animate
At this point Insight will build, in memory, each frame of the animation.
Obviously choosing a greater number of frames to animate will result in
increased frame processing time. The frames are built only once for a given
animation setup and may optionally be saved to a file. This option was
located on the Animation Setup form.
As each frame is built you can observe the Time value change in the
viewport. You can also assess Min and Max values, if necessary, to freeze
the range at a later point.
Once the animation begins the Animation Control form becomes available. On
this form you may Pause/Stop Animation to adjust any of the features
available. Toggling Pause/Stop Animation stops and starts the animation
(frames are not rebuilt, they are already available).
If your system is fast and your model is small some persistence may be
required to pause or slow the animation. Use the slider to decrease
Animation Speed. The Animation Speed slide is available even when an
animation is playing.
Reduced Rendering will speed animation on slow systems or on

animations with large amounts of results. However, it will produce only
contour values.
Cycle displays results for frames 1 through N repeatedly.
Bounce displays results for frames 1 through N forwards and backwards

repeatedly.

Selecting Ok in the Animation Control form will create an Animation Tool

from the setup and selections you’ve made. This tool will be available the
next time you invoke Insight and you will not need to rebuild this
animation; though, the frames will be reprocessed unless they were saved to
a file in the Animation Setup form.
Ok
5. Exit Insight and Quit MSC/PATRAN.

Quit MSC/
To return to the standard set of Applications radio buttons and close Insight
reselect the Insight Applications radio button in the Main Form at the top Patran
of the screen. Applications radio buttons are toggles which may be switched
at any time.
Answer Yes to the message requesting if the animation is to be cleared.
◆ Insight
Do you wish to clear animation YES
To stop MSC/PATRAN select File on the Menu Bar and select Quit from
the drop-down menu.

Quit MSC/Patran

Exercise 20
SINDA Translation of a
PWB Model
Objective:
■ Create a model by playing a session file.
■ Produce a run-ready SINDA/G deck from the model

and post-process the SINDA/G temperature results.

Exercise 20 SINDA Translation of a PWB Model
Model Description:
In this exercise you will read a session file which will construct a board level
PWB (Printed Wiring Board) heat transfer model. When the session file
ends it will have produced a model that is ready to analyze. You will run the
analysis in MSC/THERMAL but you will also produce a run-ready SINDA/
G deck.
Since the platform on which you work this exercise may not have a SINDA/
G executable module, results from SINDA/G are provided. With the
possible exception of actually running the SINDA/G analysis, you will have
used MSC/PATRAN to produce a syntactically correct SINDA/G deck and
read in the resulting temperatures.
0.25 x 0.25 in 0.25 x 0.50 in.

h = 6.72 w/sq.in-C h = 3.36 w/sq. in-C
4 typ bottom of PWB 4 typ bottom of PWB
2 in. 0.5 in 0.5 in
1 in 3 watts .1 w .1 w .1 w
2 in 2 in
6 in.
1 in. 0.25 in
Y
0.5 watts .25 w .25 w .25 w
2 in
X
8 in.
PWB is 0.125 in. thick NOT TO SCALE
kx = ky = 0.825 w/in-C
kz = 0.01 w/in-C
Tambient = 70 C Figure 1

Open a new database
Exercise Overview:
■ Use File/Session/Play... to read exercise_20.ses file and create

the analysis model of Figure 1.
■ Prepare and submit model for analysis selecting Submit

Option/Create SINDA File (model.sin).
■ Modify the Select Results File... filter to retrieve nr0.sin.
■ Modify the Select Rslt Template File... filter to use the

sinda.res_tmpl template.
■ Plot SINDA/G results.
■ Go to the Job Name subdirectory to review the contents of

model.sin.01.
Exercise Procedure:
File
New
OK


Model Preferences form appears on your screen, set the Tolerance to
Default, and the Analysis Code to MSC/THERMAL. Select OK to close
OK
2. Use File/Session/Play... to read exercise_20.ses file and create Read Session

the analysis model of Figure 1.
FIle
In order to guarantee that the model you crated will have the correct node
ID’s in the proper sequence, you will create the model from a session file.
Node sequence and location is important since the nr0.sin file identifies
model temperatures with node IDs.
The session file, once initiated, will run autonomously until the model is
completed.
Files
Sessions
Play... <Filter to location of
exercise_20.ses>
Play from File <Select exercise_20.ses>
Apply
Wait until the session file has completed the model. The Heartbeat will
remain green and the Command Line History Window will indicate that
“Session file stopped playing”

IsoMesh the 3. Prepare and submit model for analysis.

surfaces Use the Tool Bar Node Size icon to reduce the size of the nodes.
Go to the Analysis from to setup the analysis.
◆ Analysis
OK
Output Requests...
OK
Submit Options... ◆ Create SINDA Input File (model.sin)
OK
Apply

4. Modify the Select Results File... filter to retrieve

nr0.sin. Modify
Although the MSC/THERMAL solver is also now solving this network a
Result FIle
previous analysis was run on SINDA/G. The results are available in the file
called nr0.sin.
In order to locate this SINDA/G model results file you must change the filter
in the Select File form.
◆ Analysis
Read Result/Result Entities
Select Results FIle...
Filter <change *.nrf* to *.*>
Filter
Directories <locate the delivered file nr0.sin: it is
usually located in your home directory>
Available FIles <select nr0.sin>
OK
Apply
5. Modify the Select Rslt Template File... filter to use

the sinda.res_tmpl template. Modify
Template FIle
Select Rslt Template FIle...
Filter <change pthermal*.res_tmpl to
*.res_tmpl>
Filter
FIles <select sinda.res_tmpl>
OK
Apply

Plot results
6. Plot SINDA/G results.

Plot results
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot
Apply

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
At this point you may wish to read the MSC/THERMAL results and
compare them. Be sure to change the template file for the MSC/THERMAL
nr0.nrf.01 results set.
Review Input 7. Go to the Job Name subdirectory to review the

contents of model.sin.01.
Deck
To view the SINDA/G input deck which was created, go to a UNIX shell and
cd to the Job Name subdirectory, exercise_20. The input deck is the file
model.sin.01 and can be viewed with any editor.
8. Quit MSC/PATRAN
Quit MSC/
the drop-down menu.

Exercise 21
Optimizing Performance of
Radiation Interchange
Analysis
Objective:
■ Modify the database of exercise_14 and the
template.dat.apnd file in order to increase analysis
speed and reduce file size
■ Rerun and monitor the analysis and compare CPU

time of the run and file size to those of Exercise 14

Exercise 21 Opt. Perf. of Radiation Interchange Analysis
Model Description:
In this Exercise we will reopen the database created in Exercise 14 and
modify some LBC’s and the template.dat.apnd file. These modifications will
significantly reduce the execution time of both the radiation interchange
calculations as well as the thermal analysis network run. Also, the size of
several of the files will be significantly reduced.
Any analyst who uses the radiation interchange capability of MSC/Thermal

should become practiced in using the available flags and settings which will
increase execution speed and reduce storage demands.
Exercise Overview:
■ Open the existing database named exercise_14.db.
■ Use Load/BCs/Modify/Radiation to modify the existing

radiation boundary conditions.
■ Create a new radiation Load/BC for Surface 2.
■ Change the Job Name in the Analysis form to exercise_21.
■ Modify the template.dat.apnd file to include a collapse flag.
■ Submit the model for analysis and use the commands described
to monitor its progress.
■ Debug, if necessary and resubmit after deleting all the files in

the jobnamed subdirectory.
■ Read in results file and plot results.
■ Compare CPU times and File sizes.

Exercise Procedure:
Open an 1. Open the existing database named exercise_14.db.
existing Within your window environment change directories to the microcircuit.db
database working directory. Run MSC/PATRAN by typing p3 in your xterm window.
database.
File
Open
Database List exercise_14.db
OK

Use Load/BCs 2. Use Load/BCs/Modify/Radiation to modify the existing

radiation boundary conditions.
Modify
In order to give a different Convex Surface ID flag to each surface it is
necessary to modify the Input Data Form of the existing Load/BC for
radiation.
◆ Load/BC
Modify/Radiation
Select Set to Modify <your set name>
Modify Data...
Convex Surface ID 1
Obstr Flag (0=Obst, 1=No-Obst) 1
OK
Modify Application Region...
Application Region Surface 1 (delete Surface 2)
OK
Apply

3. Create a new radiation Load/BC for Surface 2.

Create a new
By limiting the application region of the previous Load/BC to Surface 1, it Load/BC
is necessary to create a second Load/BC for Surface 2. Obviously the
Application Region will be Surface 2. The Input Data Form will be the same
as the last Load/BC but will have a different Convex Surface ID flag.
◆ Load/BC
Create/Radiation/Element
Uniform
New Set Name Rad2
Input Data...
Vfac Template ID 200
Convex Surface ID 2
Obstu Flagg (0= Obst, 1= non-Obst) 1
Enclosure ID 1
OK
Select Application Region <select Surface 2>
ADD
OK
Apply
4. Change the Job Name in the Analysis form to exercise_21.

Change Job
On the Analysis Form change the Job Name to exercise_21. This will create Name
a new subdirectory of files for this analysis which will facilitate comparing
data between the two runs, exercise_14 and exercise_21.
◆ Analysis
Job Name exercise_21

Modify template
5. Modify the template.dat.apnd file to include a collapse flag.

Modify
template Open a Unix shell and edit the template.dat.apnd file associated with
exercise_14. If necessary make any existing template.dat.apnd file out of
the way and reinstate the template.dat.apnd file associated with
exercise_14. Edit the tempalte.dat.apnd file to include a collapse flag.
*============================
VFAC 100
0.1 1.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 100
VFAC 200
0.1 1.0 0 0 0.0 0.0 0 200
*============================
The main advantage of using COLLAPSE to collapse radiosity nodes is that
this will result in a much smaller number of radiation resistors in the model.
A smaller number of resistors usually means that the thermal analysis will
proceed faster. In the best cases, the number of radiation resistors may be
reduced by about a factor of four for 2D Cartesian or axisymmetric models
and by about a factor of 16 for 3D models.
6. Submit the model for analysis and use the commands

Submit the described to monitor its progress.
model Return to the open Analysis Form and check Apply. After the
Command Line History Window stops scrolling, change focus to the
UNIX window and affect the cd exercise_21 command with a
carriage return. Repeated execution of ls within the jobname
subdirectory will show you the progress of your analysis: Once the
file vf.msg.01 appears, type:
$ tail -f vf.msg.01 <CR>
This will provide a continuous status of the viewfactor run.
When viewfactor is complete it will end the status with a message,

Successful Execution Completed.
Use the <Ctrl>c key combination to terminate the tail function.
Again input a sequence of ls commands until a stat.bin file appears

in the directory list. Once you the see the stat.bin file type:
$ qstat c
to monitor the progress of the network analysis. This command will

self terminate after 20 repetitions or upon job completion. Monitor
the data from the qstat command to determine the numerical status
of the analysis.
Check for the existence of an nr0.nrf.01 results file. If it exists the

numerical analysis is complete and successful.
7. Debug, if necessary, and resubmit after deleting all

Debug the files in the jobnamed subdirectory.
If Step 5 does not yield a results file then determine what went wrong.
Is there a patqb.log file?
If so, then is there a patq.msg file? If there is no patqb.log file then look in
the MSC/PATRAN Command Line History Window or in the PATRAN
interface for any error messages.
If there is a patqb.log file and no patq.msg file then look for error messages
in patqb.log.
If there is a patq.msg file then look for error messages in it.
If there are no error messages in the patq.msg file but this analysis requests
that a viewfactor run be made then is there a vf.msg file?
If there is a vf.msg file then look for error messages in it.
For this analysis answering the above questions should provide a clue to the
problem.
Once the error is found and resolved Repeat Steps 4 and 5. Remember that
now many of the files will have an extension index which has been
incremented by 1, e.g., vf.msg.01 to vf.msg.02. If it is convenient you may
delete all the files from the exercise_21 Job Named subdirectory prior to
resubmitting the analysis.

8. Read in results file and plot results.

Read and plot From within MCS/PATRAN the only indication that the analysis has
results successfully finished is the existence of an nrX.nrf.01 results file in a
and Selecting Results File... you can filter down to the Job Name
◆ Analysis
Filter
OK
OK
Apply
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot
Select Result Cases <select the second>
TIME: 0.0000000000D+00 S...
Apply


Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
9. Compare CPU times and File sizes.

Compare
Use the qstat command in each of the Job Name subdirectories to find the files
CPU Time data and record it in the following table.
Use the ls -al v* command in each Job Name subdirectory to record the size
of the vfnode.dat, vfraw.dat, and vfres.dat files in the following table.
Subdirectories Exercise_14 Exercise_21

CPU Time (sec.)
Vfnode.dat (bytes)
Vfraw.dat (bytes)
Vfres.dat (bytes)
The size and speed improvement are significant.

Quit MSC/
the drop-down menu.

Quit MSC/Patran

Exercise 22
Steady State Radiative Boundary

Conditions
Objectives:
■ Create a 2D model that incorporates two enclosures.
■ Define separate radiative boundary conditions for gray

body and wave length dependent radiation within the
enclosures.
■ Perform the Steady State thermal analysis and post process

the analysis results with MSC/PATRAN’s Result and
Insight tools.

Exercise 22
Model Description:
In this exercise you will construct a model with two
separate radiation enclosures, one for gray body radiation
and the other for wave length dependent radiation. No
material (e.g. air) will be defined in the enclosure therefore
only Radiation heat transfer can transfer heat energy across
the enclosures. In the enclosure where it is assumed that the
surfaces are gray the emissivity will be constant regardless
of the surface temperatures. The other enclosure will
incorporate wave length dependent radiation which is a
significant extension of the gray body theory. Normal
radiosity is divided into discrete frequency bands with
emissivity and transmissivity assumed to be constant
within these frequency bands.
o
1500 C (fixed)
0.3 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.3
Iron
1.6 E-1 E-2 0.6
0.5
2.0
o Node 1000
0 C (fixed) o
T=200 C (fixed)
Enclosure Emissivity Information:
Enclosure 1 Gray ε = 0.9

Enclosure 2 For: 0.0 ≤ λ ≤ 5.0 ε(λ)=0.9 τ=0.4
5.0 < λ ≤ ∞ ε(λ)=0.2 τ=0.4

Open a new database
Exercise Overview:
■ Create a plate geometry.
■ Mesh the surface with an IsoMesh of quad4 elements, global

edge length of 0.16666.
■ Equivalence nodes to eliminate duplicate nodes and eliminate

“cracks” in the mesh.
■ Create a fixed temperature boundary nodes.
■ Apply Temperature boundary conditions.
■ Apply View Factor boundary conditions.
■ Define the Element Properties for the models Iron material.
■ Create Temperature and Insight Contours.
Exercise Procedure:
File
New
OK

Exercise 22

Preferences form.
OK
Create plate 2. Create a plate geometry.

geometry Select the Geometry Applications Radio Button. Create a surface using the
First, turn on the labels using the Tool Bar Show Label icon.
◆ Geometry
Create/Surface/XYZ
Apply
Origin Coordinates List Point 4
Apply
Origin Coordinates List Point 6
Apply
Transform/Surface/Mirror
Define Mirror Plane Normal Coord 0.1
Offset Parameters 1.0
Auto Execute (off)

Create plate geometry
Surface List Surface 1:2

Apply
Define Mirror Plane Normal Coord 0.2
Offset Parameters 0.8
Surface List Surface 1:5
Apply
Create/Surface/Curve
Starting Curve list Surface 1.2
Ending Curve List Surface 6.3
Apply
Apply
Apply
Since this is a 2D model using radiation, check surface normal to verify that
they are all in the +Z direction. Change to Iso 1 view using the Tool Bar Iso
1 View icon.
◆ Geometry
Show/Surface/Normal
Surface List <select all surfaces>
Apply

Exercise 22
If there are any surface that is pointing the -Z direction, change them with
the following steps.
Surface List <select any surface(s) that
needs to be reversed>
Apply

3. Mesh the surface with an IsoMesh of quad4 elements, global

IsoMesh the edge length of 0.16666.
surfaces
Select the Finite Elements Applications Radio Button. Set the Action,
to 0.16666 and select Surface 1 for inclusion in the Surface List.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Mesh/Surface
Surface List <Surface 1:13>
Apply
Return to the Front View using the Tool Bar Front View icon and turn off the
labels with the Hide Labels icon.

Exercise 22
4. Equivalence nodes to eliminate duplicate nodes and

Equivalence eliminate “cracks” in the mesh.
mesh nodes
Set the Action, Object, and Method to Equivalence/All/Tolerance Cube.
The nodes bounding the interior cracks will be circled in the display and the
Command Line will indicate that a number of nodes are deleted.
Reexamine the mesh boundaries after equivalencies with Verify/Element/

Boundaries to verify the free edges.
Create a 5. Create a fixed temperature boundary nodes.

boundary Select the Finite Elements Applications radio button. Create a node which
nodes is not associated with geometry. The node is numbered 1000.
◆ Finite Elements
Create/Node/Edit
Node ID List 1000

Apply
Increase the node size by using the Tool Bar Node Size icon.
Apply 6. Apply Temperature boundary conditions.

temperature First, create a node that will represent the Participating Medium
boundary temperature.
conditions
◆ Load/BCs
Option: Fixed
New Set Name Temp_Part_Med
Input Data...

Apply temperature boundary conditions

OK
◆ FEM
Select Node Node 1000
Add
OK
Apply
Next, assign fixed temperatures of 1500˚C and 0˚C respectively to the top
and bottom geometry edges of the model. Use T_top and T_bottom for
their respective New Set Names.
New Set Name T_top

Input Data...
OK
◆ Geometry
Select Geometry Entities/Select Menu <select Curve or Edge icon>
Select Geometry Entities <drag a box around the top

edge of the Entity>
Add
OK
Apply
New Set Name T_bottom
Input Data...
Fixed Temperature 0
OK

Exercise 22
Select Geometry Entities <drag a box around the

bottom edge of the Entity>
Add
OK
Apply
7. Apply View Factor boundary conditions.

Apply View
Factor To create the view factor boundary conditions for the two enclosures you
boundary will first supply geometric information in the P3/PATRAN Load/BCs form
and then enter data concerning the Emissivity and Transmissivity values in
conditions the template.dat.apnd file.
In the Load/Boundary Conditions form, change the Action, Object, and Type
option menus respectively to Create/Radiation/Element Uniform. Change
the Target Element Type to 2D.
◆ Load/BCs
Create/Radiation/Element
Uniform
Option: View Factors
New Set Name Encl_101
Input Data...
Enclosure ID 1
OK
◆ Geometry
Select Surfaces s or Edges <select Edge icon>
/Select Menu

Apply View Factor boundary conditions
Select Surfaces or Edges <refer to the diagram

below and drag a box
around the interior
surfaces corresponding
to 101>
Add
OK
Apply
New Set Name Encl_201
Input Data...
Participating Media Node ID 1000
Enclosure ID 2
OK
Select Surfaces or Edges <refer to the diagram
below and drag a box
around the interior
surfaces corresponding
to 201>
Add
OK
Apply
Use the diagram below to determine the required geometric information for
the two enclosures.
101 201
101 101 201 201
101 201

Exercise 22
You will now complete the View Factor definitions by entering the
Emissivity and Transmissivity information into the template.dat file. Create
a separate x-window shell in the directory you are running P3/PATRAN and
edit the file named template.dat.apnd. Next, enter the required VFAC
commands to define the Emissivity and Transmissivity for Enclosures 1 and
2. The syntax of the command is,
VFAC TID NBANDS

ε τ εid τid λ1 λ2 K-flag
Each term of the command is defined in the P⁄THERMAL Users Manual.

Shown below is a Table that lists the required information for the two VFAC
commands and the template.dat.apnd file created with this information for
your reference.
TID NBANDS ε τ εid τid λ1 λ2 K flag
100 0 0.9 - - - - - -
200 2 0.9 0.4 0 0 0.0 5.0 0
0.2 0.4 0 0 5.0 1E6 0
The text in the template.dat.apnd file should be as follows.
*Information for enclosure 1

VFAC 100 0
0.9
*Information for enclosure 2
VFAC 200 2
0.9 0.4 0 0 0.0 5.0
0.2 0.4 0 0 5.0 1.0E6

Define Element Properties
Your model with its applied boundary conditions should now look like the
one shown below.
Define 8. Define the Element Properties for the models Iron

material.
Element
Properties To do this click on the Element Props toggle in the Main Window. When
the form appears set its Action, Dimension, and Type option menus
respectively to Create, 2D, and Thermal 2D. Enter Iron, for the New Set
Name and then click on the Input Properties… button. Enter 18 in the
Material Name databox and then click on the OK button to close the form.
Next, click in the Select Members box and select all the models surfaces in
the viewport. Finally click on the Apply button in the Element Properties
form.
◆ Properties
Property Set Name Iron
Input Properties...
Material Name 18

Exercise 22
OK
Select Members <Select all entities,
(Surface 1:13)>
Add
Apply

Prepare and
Select the Analysis Applications Radio Button to prepare the analysis.
run analysis Select the parameter forms reviewing and changing the settings as shown
below. The analysis is submitted by selecting Apply in the Analysis form.
◆ Analysis
Model Dimensionality ◆ 2D Plane Geometry, X Y Co-ord
OK
Solution Type... ◆ Perform Viewfactor Analysis
OK
OK
Output Requests...
OK
Submit Options...
Create Viewfactor Control File (if not already selected)
Execute Viewfactor Analysis (if not already selected)
OK
Apply


Read and
plot results From within MCS/PATRAN the only indication that the analysis has

with the same name as the Job Name, exercise_22. By using Read Result
◆ Analysis
Filter
OK
OK
Apply
◆ Results
Create/Quick Plot
Apply

Exercise 22

Label Style...
Label Format: Fixed
OK
Apply
As expected the temperature distribution is not horizontally symmetrical due

to the different radiation boundary conditions in each enclosure.

Create Contours
11. Create Temperature and Insight Contours.

Create To do this click on the Insight toggle in the Main Window. When the Insight
Contours Imaging form appears set the Action and Tool, to Create and Contour
respectively. Click on the Results Selection… button and select 1.1
Temperature, (nodal) from the Contour Results List Box. Click on the OK
button to close the from. Click on the Apply to create the Temperature
Contours.
◆ Insight
Create/Contour
Update Results
Contour Result 1.1-Temperature,
OK
Apply
Your model should now look like the one shown below.

Exercise 22
To create Cursor tool change the Tool to Cursor and then click on the
Results Selection… button. Again select 1.1-Temperature, (nodal) in the
Cursor Results list and click on OK to close the form. Click on the Apply
button to create the Cursor Tool. When the Cursor Tool from appears click
on the Cascade Spread Sheet button. Next, click some where on the model.
You should see the temperature of the Node nearest to the mouse cursor
printed on the model and in the Cursor Results form.
Create/Cursor
Contour Result 1.1-Temperature,
OK
Apply
Cursor Result Form ◆ Cascade Spread SHeet
Your model should now look similar to the one shown below.

Quit MSC/Patran
To obtain an indication of where the models Nodes are located click on

Preferences in the Main Window and select Insight... from the pull-down
menu. When the Insight Preferences form appears change the Display
Method to Wireframe. Click on the Apply and Cancel buttons rerender the
model and to close that from. You can now click on the element corners
(where the nodes are located) and determine the specific temperature values
at those nodes. An example Cursor Results form and its corresponding
temperature locations are shown as follows, for your reference.

Quit MSC/
the drop-down menu.

Exercise 23
Your Model Here
Objective:
■ To familiarize the user with initiating a model in
MSC/THERMAL.
■ Use your imagination and engineering skill to sketch

and model a simple problem of your design.
■ The purpose is to have you begin to create your own

analysis in MSC/THERMAL based on what you’ve
learned in the previous exercises.


Construct Hybrid Microcircuit Geometry: Exercise 1

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Construct Hybrid Microcircuit Geometry: Exercise 1

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Exercise 1

■ Create a trimmed surface with interior cutouts for

PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5 1-1

■ Create a simple surface that will form the outside

■ Turn labels on using Tool Bar Show Label icon.

■ Create eight regular surfaces that will define the

■ Create chained curves on the edges of each surface by

■ Unclutter the display by selectively hiding labels.

PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5 1-3

Within your window environment change directories to a

Assign the name microcircuit.db to the new database by

Select OK to create the new database.

1-4 PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5

PATRAN will open a Viewport and change various Control

2. Create a simple surface that will form the outside

Set the Action, Object, and Method to Create/Surface/

Refer. Coordinate Frame

Vector Coordinates List

PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5 1-5

3. Turn labels on using Tool Bar Show Label icon.

4. Create eight regular surfaces that will define the

1-6 PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5

Create three copies of this region by changing the Action,

Leaving the Action as Transform change the Object and

Set the Action, Object, and Method to Create/Surface/

After constructing Surface 6 use the Transform/

Refer. Coordinate Frame Refer. Coordinate Frame Refer. Coordinate Frame

Vector Coordinates List Translation Vector Translation Vector

Delete Original Surfaces Delete Original Surfaces

1-8 PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5

Your model should now appear as shown below.

5. Create chained curves on the edges of each surface. Create

Select Apply to complete the function.

To create the 8 interior chained curves click in the Curve

Unclutter 6. Unclutter the display by hiding some labels.

Your model should now appear as shown below.

Create a 7. Complete the geometry of the hybrid microcircuit.

1-10 PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5

Curve 1. Next, click in the Inner Loop List databox and

Outer Loop List

Delete Inner Loops

Inner Loop List

Select Apply to complete the function.

Your model should now appear as shown on the front panel

PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5 1-11

1-12 PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5

Hybrid Microcircuit Finite

PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5 2-1

■ Using Show/Surface/Normal verify that all surface

■ Delete Surface 1 by using Delete/Any and selecting

■ Mesh the regions containing the devices using

■ Sweep/Element/Normal to create device hex

■ Switch to the Paver Mesher and mesh the remaining

■ Sweep/Element/Normal with One Way Bias in the

■ Use Finite Elements/Delete/Any and the Select

■ Unclutter the display by hiding labels.

PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5 2-3

MSC/PATRAN will open a Viewport and change various

From the Menu Bar select Viewing/Named View

Verify 2. Verify that surface normals point in the +Z direction.

All normal vectors should point in the global +Z

2-4 PATRAN 312 Exercises - Version 7.5