Civil law
Statute
a written law passed by a legislative
body.
a formal written enactment of a
legislative authority that governs a city,
state, or country
Sovereign immunity
refers to the fact that the government
cannot be sued without its consent.
is a legal doctrine by which the
sovereign or state cannot commit a legal
wrong and is immune from civil suit or
criminal prosecution, strictly speaking in
modern texts in its own courts.
Judge made laws
are the legal doctrines established by
judicial precedents rather than by a
statute. In other words, judge interprets
a law in such a way to create a new law.
They are also known as case law.
are based on the legal principle “stare
decisis” which means to stand by that
which is decided.
Act
A bill which has passed through the
various legislative steps required for it
and which has become law.
Regulation
A rule of order having the force of law,
prescribed by a superior or competent
authority, relating to the actions of those
under the authority's control.
is a body of rules that defines and
protects the private rights of citizens,
offers legal remedies that may be
sought in a dispute, and covers areas
oflaw such as contracts, torts, property
and family law.
Contract law
The branch of civil law that deals with
interpretation and enforcement of
contracts between parties.
is the body of law that relates to making
and enforcing agreements.
is the area of law that governs
making contracts, carrying them out and
fashioning a fair remedy when there's a
breach.
Rule of Law
the principle that all people and
institutions are subject to and
accountable to law that is fairly applied
and enforced; the principle of
government by law.
Negotiation
describes any communication process
between individuals that is intended to
reach a compromise or agreement to
the satisfaction of both parties. .
Contract Agreement
An agreement between private parties
creating mutual obligations enforceable
by law.
Adversarial System of Justice
used in the common law countries
where two advocates represent their
parties' case or position before an
impartial person or group of people,
usually a jury or judge, who attempt to
determine the truth and pass judgment
accordingly.
endangering to the property, health,
safety, and moral welfare of people
inclusive of one's self.
Substantive law
defines rights and responsibilities in
civil law, and crimes and punishments in
criminal law.

Statutes of limitations Procedural law

are laws passed by legislative bodies is used to determine whether a crime or

in common law systems to set the
maximum time after an event within
which legal proceedings may be initiated
a law which sets the maximum time in
which parties involved have to initiate
legal proceedings from the date of an
alleged offense.
tort has been committed, define what
charges may apply and decide whether
the evidence supports the charges. Let's
say a person is caught drunk driving.
Substantive law says that it is a crime
punishable by a term in prison.
Procedural law

Republic Act No. 544 governs the mechanics of how a legal

case flows, including steps to process a
(as amended by R.A. 1582) is an an act case. Procedural law adheres to due
to regulate the practice of Civil process, which is a right granted to U.S.
Engineering in the Philippines. citizens by the 14th Amendment

Executive Branch

The branch of federal and state

government that is broadly responsible
for implementing, supporting, and
enforcing the laws made by the
legislative branch and interpreted by the
judicial branch.

carries out and enforces laws.

Criminal law

is the body of law that relates to crime. It

proscribes conduct perceived as
threatening, harmful, or otherwise