ME 452 - Machine Design II Name of Student:_______________________________

Spring Semester 2018 Lecture Division Number:________________________

Homework No. 6 (50 points). Due on Blackboard before 8:00 am on Friday, February 23rd.

Recall that the important notes for this homework assignment are as printed on Homework 1.

Solve the following problems from Chapter 11, Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design, Ninth
Edition, R.G. Budynas and J.K. Nisbett.

1. (15 Points). Problem 11-1, page 608.

2. (15 Points). Problem 11-20, page 609.
3. (20 Points). Problem 11-31, page 611.

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Solution to Homework 6.
1. Problem 11-1 (15 Points). The design life as a dimensionless multiple of the rating life, see page
575, and Eq. (11-3), also Figure 11-5, see page 577, can be written as
LD 60 LD nD
xD   (1a)
LR L10

where the rating life is the L10 life = 1 x 106 revolutions, the desired life LD  25, 000 hours, and the
desired speed nD  350 revs/min. Substituting these values into Eq. (1a), the design life in multiples of
the rating life is
60  25, 000  350
xD   525 (1b)
1 106
The catalog load rating (also referred to as the basic dynamic load rating, see page 574) can be
written from Eq. (11-6), see page 578, as
1/ a
 xD 
C10  (a f FD )  1/ b 
(2)
 xO  (  xO )[ln (1/ RD )] 
For ball bearings, see page 574, the exponent is
a3 (3)
The application factor which serves as a factor of safety to increase the design load to take into
account overload, dynamic loading, and uncertainty, from Table 11-5, see page 583, is
a f  1.2 (4a)

Since the desired radial load is specified as FD  2.5 kN then using Eq. (4a) gives

a f FD  1.2  2.5  3.0 kN (4b)

The Weibull distribution parameters (the rating lives). The minimum value of the variate in Eq. (2),
see Manufacturer 2 on page 608, also see Example 11-2, page 576, is
xO  0.02 (5a)
the characteristic parameter is
  4.459 (5b)
that is
  xO  4.459  0.02  4.439 (5c)

and the shape parameter which controls the skewness, see the note on page 576, is
b  1.483 (5d)
The reliability goal in Eq. (2) is specified as
RD  0.90 (5e)

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Substituting Eqs. (1b), (3), (4b), and (5) into Eq. (2), the basic dynamic load rating with which to enter a
bearing catalog can be written as
1/3
 525 
C10  3.0  1/1.483 
 24.3 kN (6)
 0.02  (4.459  0.02)[ln (1/ 0.90)] 
Check: The basic dynamic load rating with which to enter a bearing catalog can also be written from Eq.
(11-3), see page 575, as
1/ a
L 
C10  (a f FD )  D  (7a)
 LR 
Substituting Eqs. (1b) and (4b) into Eq. (7a), the basic dynamic load rating is

C10  3.0  525 

1/3
 24.21 kN (7b)

Note that this answer is in good agreement with Eq. (6).

Therefore, select a ball bearing from a bearing catalog which has a basic dynamic load rating
C10  24.3 kN (8)

Using Table 11-2, see page 581, select a single row, 02-series, deep grove ball bearing with a bore
diameter 35 mm, an outside diameter 72 mm, where the basic dynamic load rating is
C10  25.5 kN (9a)
and the basic static load rating is
C0  13.7 kN (9b)

Note that, in general, the basic dynamic load rating is greater than the basic static load rating.
An estimate of the reliability in use, see Figure 11-5, page 577, can be obtained as follows. The
bearing reliability can be written from Eq. (11-4), see page 576, also see Eq. (20-24), page 990, as

  x  x b 
R  exp   O
  (10a)
    xO  


where x is the dimensionless multiple of the rating life and  , xO , and b are the Weibull distribution
parameters, see Eqs. (5).
The dimensionless multiple of the rating life (dimensionless life measure), see Eq. (11-18), page
600, can be written as
a
 a f FD 
x  xD   (10b)
 C10 
Substituting Eq. (10b) into Eq. (10a), an estimate of the reliability in use in terms of the basic dynamic
load rating can be written from Eq. (11-18), see page 600, as

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   a
 
b
 x  a F 
f D
 xO  
  D  C10   
R  exp     (11)
    xO
 
   
  

where the basic dynamic load rating for the selected bearing, see Eq. (9a), is C10  25.5 kN.
Substituting Eqs. (1b), (3), (4b), (5a)-(5d), and (9a) into Eq. (11), the estimate of the reliability in
use is
  525(3 / 25.5)3  0.02 1.483 
R  exp      0.92 (12)
 4.459  0.02 
 

Note that the reliability in use is greater than the specified reliability goal RD  0.90, therefore, this
bearing should be satisfactory.
2. Problem 11-20 (15 Points). (a) The equivalent radial load can be written from Eq. (11-9), see page
580, as
Fe  X i V Fr  Yi Fa (1)

The radial factor X i and the axial factor Yi depend on the geometry and the construction of the
individual bearings, see Table 11-1, page 580. The subscript i  1 when the dimensionless parameter is
Fa
e (2a)
V Fr

and the subscript i  2 when the dimensionless parameter is

Fa
e (2b)
V Fr
where e is the limit value. The radial load is

Fr  7 kN (3a)
and the thrust, or axial, load is
Fa  3 kN (3b)

Since the outer ring is rotating then the rotation factor, see page 579, is
V  1.2 (4)
For a single row, deep grove, 02 Series, ball bearing with bore diameter 65 mm, the basic dynamic
load rating and the basic static load rating, from Table 11-2, see page 581, respectively, are
C10  55.9 kN and C0  34.0 kN (5a)

The ratio of the thrust load to the basic static load rating from Eqs. (3b) and (5a) is

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 Fa 3
  0.088 (5b)
CO 34

Therefore, the limit value from Table 11-1, see page 580, is within the range
0.28  e  0.30 (6)
Substituting Eqs. (3) and (4) into the dimensionless parameter, see Eq. (11-8a), see page 579, gives
Fa 3
  0.357 (7)
V Fr 1.2  7

Note that the dimensionless parameter given by Eq. (7) is greater than the range of the limit value e ,
given by Eq. (6), that is
Fa
e (8)
V Fr

Therefore, the conclusion is that the thrust load cannot be neglected, that is, the subscript i  2 in Eq.
(1), and the equivalent radial load must be written as
Fe  X 2 V Fr  Y2 Fa (9)

The radial factor from Table 11-1, see page 580, with Fa / C0  0.088 , see Eq. (5b), is

X 2  0.56 (10)

The axial factor Y2 can be obtained from interpolation, that is

0.088  0.084 Y  1.55

 2 (11a)
0.110  0.084 1.45  1.55
or
0.004 Y2  1.55
 (11b)
0.026  0.10

Rearranging Eq. (11b), the axial factor is

Y2  1.55  0.015  1.53 (11c)

Substituting Eqs. (3), (10), and (11c) into Eq. (9), the equivalent radial load can be written as
Fe  0.56 1.2  7  1.53  3 kN (12a)
that is
Fe  4.70  4.59  9.29 kN (12b)

Note from Eqs. (3a) and (12b) that the equivalent radial load is greater than the given radial load, that is
Fe  Fr that is 9.29 kN  7 kN (13)

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 The life of the bearing can be written from Eq. (11-3), see page 575, as
a
C 
L10   10  (14)
 Fe 
For ball bearings, see page 574, the exponent is
a3 (15)
Substituting Eqs. (5a), (12b), and (15) into Eq. (14), the life of the bearing can be written as
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 55.9 
L10     217.86 (16a)
 9.29 
Therefore, the life of the bearing is
L10  217.86 x 106 revolutions (16b)

This result indicates that 10% of an identical group of bearings are predicted to have failed after about
218 millions of revolutions.
(b) The design life as a dimensionless multiple of the rating life, see page 575, can be written as
LD 60 LD nD
xD   (17)
LR L10

where the rating life, that is the L10 life, is

L10 life = 1 x 106 revolutions (18a)

the desired life is
LD  10000 hours (18b)

and the desired speed, or operating speed, of the bearing is

nD  500 revs/min (18c)

Substituting Eqs. (18) into Eq. (17), the design life as a dimensionless multiple of the rating life is
60 10000  500
xD   300 (19)
1 x 106

The catalog load rating, also referred to as the basic dynamic load rating, see page 574, can be written
from Eq. (11-6), see page 578, as
1/ a
 xD 
C10  (a f FD )  1/ b 
(20)
 xO  (  xO )[ln (1/ RD )] 
For ball bearings, see page 574, the exponent
a3 (21)

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The application factor (which serves as a factor of safety) to increase the design load to take into
account overload, dynamic loading, and uncertainty, from Table 11-5, page 583, is assumed to be
af 1 (22a)

Since the desired radial load (the equivalent radial load) is specified as FD  9.29 kN then the design
radial load is
a f FD  1 9.29  9.29 kN (22b)

From the Weibull distribution parameters (the rating lives) for Manufacturer 2 on page 608; the
minimum value of the variate in Eq. (20) is
xO  0.02 (23a)
the characteristic parameter is
  4.459 (23b)
the shape parameter which controls the skewness, see the note on page 576, is
b  1.483 (23c)
and the reliability goal in Eq. (20) is specified as
R  RD  0.95 (23d)

Substituting Eqs. (15b), (19), and (23), into Eq. (20), the basic dynamic load rating is
1/3
 300 
C10  9.29  1/1.483 
kN (24a)
 0.02  (4.459  0.02)[ln (1/ 0.95] 
Therefore, the basic dynamic load rating (with which to enter a bearing catalog) is
C10  73.4 kN (24b)

Note that from Table 11-2, page 581, the basic dynamic load rating for the deep groove rolling
element bearing with a bore diameter of 65 mm is listed as
C10  55.9 kN (25)

Since the basic dynamic load rating in Eq. (24b) is greater than the rating in Table 11-2, that is Eq. (25),
then this bearing should not be expected to meet the load, life, and reliability goals.
3. Problem 11-31 (20 Points). The z and the y components of the concentrated force P, respectively, are
Pz  8  28  224 lbs (1)
and
Py  8  35  280 lbs (2)

The torque acting on the shaft is

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 T  R  Pz  2  224  448 lbs.in (3)
The sum of the moments about the x-axis can be written as

M x   448  1.5 F cos 20  0 (4)

Therefore, the concentrated force at location B is

448
F  317.83 lbs (5)
1.5  0.940
The free body diagram of the gear-driven squeeze roll is shown in Figure 1.

Figure. The free body diagram of the gear-driven squeeze roll.

The sum of the moments about the z-axis through point O can be written as

M Oz  5.75Py  11.5RAy  14.25 F sin 20  0 (6a)

Substituting Eqs. (2) and (5) into Eq. (6a) gives

5.75  280  11.5  RAy  14.25  317.83  0.342  0 (6b)

Rearranging this equation, the y-component of the reaction force at location A is

RAy   5.30 lbs (7)

The sum of the moments about the y-axis through point O can be written as

M Oy  5.75 Pz  11.5 RAz  14.25 F cos 20  0 (8a)

Substituting Eqs. (1) and (5) into Eq. (8a) gives

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 5.75  224  11.5  RAz  14.25  317.83  0.940  0 (8b)
Rearranging Eq. (8b), the z-component of the reaction force at bearing A is

RAz   482.08 lbs (9)

Therefore, the magnitude of the reaction force at bearing A, from Eqs. (7) and (9), is
1/2
RA  ( 482.08) 2  ( 5.30) 2   482.11 lbs (10)

The sum of the forces in the z-direction are

F z  ROz  Pz  RAz  F cos 20  0 (11a)

Substituting Eqs. (1), (5), and (9) into Eq. (11a) gives

ROz  224  482.08  317.83  0.940  0 (11b)

Therefore, the z-component of the reaction force at bearing O is

ROz   40.9 lbs (12)

The sum of the forces in the y-direction can be written as

F y  ROy  Py  RAy  F sin 20  0 (13a)

Substituting Eqs. (2), (5), and (7) into Eq. (13a) gives

ROy  280  5.30  317.83  0.342  0 (13b)

Therefore, the y-component of the reaction force at bearing O is

ROy   166 lbs (14)

Therefore, the magnitude of the reaction force at bearing O, from Eqs. (12) and (14), is
1/2
RO   ( 40.58) 2  ( 166) 2   170.89 lbs (15)

Since the reaction force at bearing A is greater than the reaction force at bearing O then bearing A
governs the solution. The basic dynamic load rating of the bearing, see Eq. (11-6), page 578, can be
written as
1/ a
 xD 
C10  (a f FD )  1/ b 
(16)
 xO  (  xO )[ln (1/ RD )] 
The design life of bearing A can be written as
FD  RA  482.11 lbs (17a)

and the application factor is specified as

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 a f  1.2 (17b)

The Weibull distribution parameters (the rating lives) that must be used from the problem statement,
that is, Table 11-2, are based on Manufacturer 2, see page 608. Therfore, the minimum value of the
variate in Eq. (16) is
xO  0.02 (18a)

and the characteristic parameter is

  4.459 (18b)
For ball bearings, see page 574, the exponent
a3 (19a)
and the shape parameter which controls the skewness, see the note on page 576, is
b  1.483 (19b)
The combined reliability goal of the two bearings as a pair, see Example 11.11, page 603, is

R x R  0.92 i.e., R 2  0.92 (20a)

Therefore, the reliability is

R  0.92  0.96 (20b)
The dimensionless multiple of the rating life can be written from Eq. (11-3), see page 579, as
LD 60 LD nD
xD   (21a)
LR L10

Therefore, the multiple of rating life is

35000  350  60
xD   735 (21b)
1x106
Substituting Eqs. (17)-(21) into Eq. (16), the basic dynamic load rating with which to enter a bearing
catalog can be written as
1/3
 735 
C10  (1.2  482.11)  1/1.483 
(22a)
 0.02  (4.459  0.02)[ln(1/ 0.96)] 
Therefore, the basic dynamic load rating is
C10  6431 lb  28.6 kN (22b)

From Table 11-2, see page 581, an angular contact bearing with 40 mm bore would be sufficient
since the basic dynamic load rating is listed as
C10  31.9 kN (23)

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