Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
SOIL SERIES
of
ORISSA
Dipak Sarkar
K.D.Sah
A. K. Sahoo
K. S. Gajbhiye
--.
,y
.
1,,1,
. ..
Vb....
ICAR
National Bureau of oil urvey & Land U e Planning
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Nagpur -4400) 0
In Coopetallon with:
Directorate of Soil Con ervation ( urvey)
Govt. of Oris a
About the NBSS&LUP
The National Bureau o/Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS&LUP). Nagpur, apremier
Institute of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (lCAR), was set up in the year /976 with the
objective to prepare soil resource map at state and distrlcl level and to provide research inputs in soil
resource mapping and its application. soil correlation and classification. soil genesis including soil
mineralogy and soil micro morphology, remote sensing applications, land evaluation, land use
planning, land resource management and database management using GISfor optimizing land use on
different kinds of soils in the country.
The Bureau has been engaged in carrying out agro-ecological and soil degradation mapping at
the country. state and district level for qualitative assessment and monitoring the soil health towards
viable land use planning. The research activities have resulted in identifying the soil potentials and
problems. and the various applications of the soil survey with the ultimate objective of sustainable
agricultural development. The Bureau has the mandate to correlate and classify soils of the country
and maintain a National Register of all the established soil series. The Institute is also imparting in-
service training to staff of the soil survey agencies in the area of sni/ survey and land evaluation, soil
survey interpretations for land lise planning. The Bureau in collaboration with Punjabrao Krishl
Vidyapeeth. Akola. Maharashtra and Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya. Mohanpur, Nadia.
Paschim Bengal is running posl-graduate teaching and research programme in resource management
leading 10 MSc. and Ph.D degrees.
The present effort of the Eastern Regional Centre. Kolkata of the NBSS & LUP is aimed to
bring a comprehensive account of soil series in the state of Orissa along with its database for
applications in different areas and use by different organisations.
Citation: Dlpak Sarkar, K.D. Sah, A. K. Sahoo and K. S. Gajbhlye (2005)." oil Series of Orissa"
NBSS Publ. No. 119, NBSS & LUP (leAR), Nagpur, 254 p.
OR
Head, Regional Centre, NBSS&LUP, Sector II, Block D.K., Bldban Nagar. Salt Lake, Kolkata-
700091, India.
ISBN 81-85460-77-9
C NBSS & LUP May 2005
FOREWORD
Soils are finite, precious and shrinking resources for our country. In the context of burgeoning
population and with the increase in demand on each parcel of land by different sectors, the soil re ource
information forms a vital base. The information on soil resources is gaining importance both at regional
and national developmental planning processes towards optimizing land use and to maintain a sound
ecological balance. It is a matter of great concern to all of us that about 55 percent of the total
geographical area (TGA) of the country is suffering from various types of degradation viz. water
erosion, wind erosion, physical and chemical deterioration, flooding, salinization and alkalinization. It
is estimated that about 5.3 billion tonnes of top soil is lost every year through water erosion alone,
resulting in loss of about 8 million tonnes of plant nutrients. Soil resource base is also shrinking at an
alarming rate of 0.25 million ha per annum due to rapid industrialization, urbanization and other uses.
Water is another vital resource whose availability is continuously diminishing for use in
agriCUlture due to enhanced demand from other competitive sectors. Declining water table has
threatened the hydrological sustainability in high productive areas and intensively irrigated sector due
to indiscriminate use of ground water. Qual ity of water re ources is being deteriorated due to enhanced
disposal of pollutants and sewage effluents.
The surface, ground and rain water resources need to be efficiently managed in order to
preserve and protect the productivity of soil resource for increasing crop production. India is endowed
with rich natural vegetation (more than 30,000 species) of great diversity. The preservation of bio
diversity is a matter of great concern to sustain and improve agriculture, forestry, fisheries and animal
production. The modem concept of agro-forestry is to provide ways and means of protecting fragile
ecosystem and enhance productivity of so-called barren and wastelands.
Keeping in view the above issues for proper understanding of soil resources, there is a need for
systematic categorization of our land mass into definite soil units indicating their relationship between
constraints and potentials for crop husbandry under existing eco-environment.
Under such a challenging scenario, it gives me a great pleasure to note that the Regional
Centre, Kolkata ofNBSS & LUP (ICAR) under the leadership of Dr. K. S. Gajbhiye, Director and Dr.
Dipak Sarkar, Principal Scientist and Head and their team of cientists along with the co-operation of
Soil Survey and Land Use Planning Centre, Directorate of soil conservation, Bhubneshwar, Govt. of
Orissa have brought out a publication on the "Soil Series of Orissa." The publication describes the
characteristics, extent, potentials and problems and needed measures for management of soils. It also
presents a state of the art, knowledge and future perspectives for planning.
I congratulate the scientists and other officials of Regional Centre, Kolkata and that of Soil
Survey and Land Use Planning Centre, Director of soil conservation, Bhubneshwar, Govt. of Orissa.
The publication is extremely valuable for researchers, planners, policy makers and above all the
farming community of the state of Orissa. I hope that this volume will be helpful in better
understanding of the soil resources and to formulate future research, development and extension
programmes for optimizing land use in the state of Orissa.
, 1 l' I'
, ,.
-
.~ y
(J •• amra)
Deputy Director General (NRM)
.
"'f:!, .JQ~'
e~., I.r~
I e.
...I(Ai 11-
ICAR, New Delhi
~I e~ or "';'l
," -- - ----
PREFACE
India is endowed with vast natural resources of land, water, vegetation and climate, yet
controlled with poor quality of life. Notwithstanding natural re ource endowments, population offsets
the advantages. Burgeoning population of the country may stabilize around 1.4 billion by 2025 and 1.6
billion in the year 2050 requiring annually 380 and 450 million tonnes of food grain, respectively
against the current production of 202.53 million tonnes. Besides meeting the food grain needs, the
agricultural needs of 676 million tonnes of dry forage for cattle and 46 million m3 of fuel wood by 2020
are exorbitantly high. A demand driven population pressure calls for quantum jump in production from
the almost stagnan net sown area of 142.2 million ha.
Soil is the most vital natural non renewable resource whose proper use greatly determines the
capability of life support system and the socia-economic development of any nation. A knowledge of
soil in respect of their extent, distribution, characteristics, use potential and their limitations is therefore,
extremely important for optimizing land use. It is also well known that the soil productivity is closely
related to the inherent soil characteristics which are influenced by climate, environmental features and
geographic position. Hence the basic task of a soil survey organization assumes mammoth importance
in that it establishes a basic framework for efficient land use and monitoring the health of diver e oils.
The research and agricultural predictions depend on site specific information on soils.
Towards this objective Regional Centre, Kolkata ofNBSS&LUP has made an attempt to bring
out the publication on 'Soli Series of Orissa' based on soil resource mapping of the State. The State
has been divided into seven major physiographic regions viz. Eastern Ghat. Garjhat Hills,
Oandakaranaya Region, Mahanadi Basin. Bengal Basin. Utkal Plain :tnd Mahanadi Delta. Each
physiographic region is dealing with different soil series with respect to their location, classification,
associated soils, extt:nt in the districts; important morphological, physical Sild chemical properties,
potential and constrains for crop management along with vegetation and climatic resources.
It is hoped that the publication will be useful to researchers, policy makers, developmental
agencies, environmentalists aod all those interested in the conservation, improvement and efficient
utilization of the soil resources.
I appreciate the efforts made by the team of Scientists under the leadership of Dr. Dipak Sarkar.
Principal Scientist and Head, Regional Centre, Kolkata in collaboration with Directorate of Soil
Conservation, Bhubneshwar, Govt. of Orissa in bringing out this publication, and I congratulate them
for this endeavour.
./ \
, (K. . Gajbhlye)
Director
..
" .':'(1'" ."
c.
NBSS & LUP (ICAR)
Nagpur
I
• I·t
I
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Publication " oil Series of Ori a" is a result of collective effort of many officials
of the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (IA R), Regional Centre,
Kolkata and Directorate of Soil Conservation (Soil Survey) Govt. of Oris a, Bhubneshwar.
The authors owe their gratitude to all those Scientists and Technical Official who were
associated in bringing out this publication. The help, co-operation and assistance rendered by
all persons from every sector are gratefully acknowledged.
• Dr. Sohanlal, Shri S. S. Nimkhedkar and Dr. A. P. Nagar for providing technical
support
• Mrs. T.L. Pillai and Shri M.e. Patre for their support
• Mr. S. K. Arora, In-charge and his team in the Printing Section, NBSS & LUP, New
Delhi for their help and Co-operation in printing this bulletin
• Staff of NBSS & LUP, Regional Centre, Kolkara and Head Quarter, Nagpur for
their logistic support at every step of work
for
PREPARATIO OF OIL ERIE , ORI A
Project Associates
A. K. Sahoo P. P. Paul
D. C. Nayak J. Mukhopadhyay
T. Chattopadhyay N. Kumar
D. Dutta B. K. aha
K. Das
S. K. Gangopadhyay
S. Mukhopadhyay
D. S. Singh
Regional Coordinator
Dipak Sarkar
National Coordinator
K. . Gaj bhiye
- -- - - - -- - -- - - - -- - - - - - - - - - -- - -- ---
CO TE T
An Overview
Methodology 6
The state of Ori a located bet:'. een 17°47' to 22°" 3' N latitude. nd 81 °2 1' t
87°30' E longitude, covers an area of \5 .57 m ha. and repre nting 4.7 p'r ' nt f th
total geographical area (TGA of the country. The state i urrounded b We t B ngal in
the north-east, lharkhand in the north, Andhra Prade h in the outh-ea t. hhatti hgarh in
the west and Sa of Bengal on the ea t. The state has 30 admini trative di tri t with
Bhubaneswar as the capital (Fig.1).
The Ea tern Ghat Region : It con i t of hill ranges covering per cent of the t tal
area of the state. The unique hill ranges lying to the east and south west of the entral
table land is expressed by di sected. teep sided, broken, elongated mountain range with
deep gorges and intermountain valleys. The ea tern face of the hills are rocky and
precipitous and often through out spurs and promontories toward th ea t while the
western slopes are easier and well covered with jungles. The top of all the range are flat
and few isolated hills are detached from the main range. It is mainly composed of gneis ic
complex of Precambrian origin. Metamorpho ed Archaean formati n comprising
khondolites, charnokites and granite-gneisses form the ba ement to the younger groups
like Gondwanas, laterite and recent alluvium.
The Garhjat hill : It ccupie 26.4 per cent area of the total geographical area of the
state covering the districts of Mayurbhanj, Keonjhar, Dhenkanal, Angul , Deogarh,
ambalpur and undergarh are undulating, frequently intersected by hill ranges with a
general slope from north to south. The Brahmani and the Baitarani dis ect it into three
blocks. The eastern block consists of the heavily forested hills of Mayurbhanj district.
The middle block is again a well forested hilly region which occupies mo 1 of Keonjhar
district and parts of Dhenkanal and undargarh. The western block is flat- topped and
steep-edged with dense forest cover. The average elevation of the upland is 900 m
forming the most important watershed of the Baitarani and Brahmani.
The Mahanadi basin : It lies between the northern uplands and south-western hilly
region of the Eastern Ghats. This tract covers area of ambalpur, Jharsuguda. Banagarh,
Kalahandi, Bolangir, Subampur, Baudh, Angul and Dhenkanal di stricts. I olated hill
rising abruptly from the plains are a frequent sight. The middle part of the Mahanadi
valley and the lower Tel basin are quite extensive. The carrying capacity of the land is
low compared to the coastal plains.
Utkal plain : It consist of recent and tertiary alluvium along with the patches of Archaean
gneisses and sandstones covering the districts of Baleswar, Bhadrakh, Jajpur, part of Puri
and Ganjam. Pleistocone alluvium also occurs at several places. Parallel sand dunes
brought by ocean currents and winds from south-west are observed with an elevation of
16 to 27 m and 1 to 4 km long, supposed to be originated due to coastal uplift. It covers
part of Ganjam and Baleswar districts and Bhadrakh and Kendrapara districts.
Mahanadl delta : It is formed by the deltaic sediment of the Mahanadi, Brahmani and
other rivers in recent times. All along the coast, lagoons are formed in association with
coastal uplift. The deltaic plain rises gently westwards to the foot of the Eastern ghats
with wide variations in width. The monotony of the topography is broken by the presence
of numerous hills. These hillocks are considered to be outer planks of the Eastern Ghats.
A distinctive feature in the growth of the delta is that it has its maximum growth towards
the northern part. The Mahanadi is subjected to heavy flooding, causing immense
damage. The combined waters of the Mahanadi, the Brahmani and the Baitarani
discharged through a common mouth cause floods to linger on and extensive damage to
life and property.
The climate is hot dry subhumid to hot moist subhumid monsoon type. The mean
annual rainfall varies from 1394 to 1750 mm receiving south-west monsoon from the Bay
of Bengal during June to September. The distribution of rainfall in the state is fluctuating
and the fluctuation is lowest in the districts of Mayurbhanj, Phulbani and Keonjhar,
moderate in the districts of Koraput and highest in the districts of Sundergarh, Sambalpur,
Bolangir and Kalahandi. The mean annual temperature varies from 26 to 28°C with mean
summer temperature ranging from 31 to 35°C and mean winter temperatures between 21
to 23°C. The soil temperature is hyperthermic and isohyperthermic and the soil moisture
regime is ustic. In low lying areas where water stagnates during rainy season qualify for
aquic moisture regime. Based on the variability in rainfall (P), potential
evapotranspiration (PE), actual evapotranspiration (A E), relation between P and PE, AE
and PE and the length of growing period (LOP) for normal cropping system, the entire
terrain of Orissa state has been divided into 6 agro-ecological sub-regions.
WEST
BENGAL
CHHATTISGARH
..
N
REFERENCES
/'-/ State boundary
/ ' / Dist boundary
('I Railway
I Road
• Major municipal area
ANDHRA PRADESH
,
,.,_oJ
, ....... ,
:
",'II ",
•• ... '..... t~ '.,
L .,.
",.. c..,'"
' . ~,'-,'--}
'.
,,
Dl Bengal Basin : _ ... 1
o Dandakaranya
Rayagada
D Eastern Ghat
D Mahanadi Delta
• Utkal Plain
The mangrove forests occur in the coastal areas of Cun ck, Baleswar, Puri
and Ganjam districts.
In the alluvial plains rice, maize. millets. lentil, pear. gram, mu tard. rapeseed.
sugarcane, chillies, mesta are grown extensively under rainfed conditions. Under irrigated
situations, rice-oilseeds. rice-pulses. rice-wheat. sugarcane or rice-rice constitute the
most important crop rotation practices: In western Orissa pulses and oilseed are grown in
upland. Vegetables are grown where irrigation facilitie are available.
The agricultural economy of the state is primarily a food crop economy and more
than 90 per cent of the cropped areas are devoted to food grains. Agricultural productivity
is rather low because of adoption of traditional methods of cultivation and use of local
varieties by the small and marginal farmers. Natural calamities like cyclone and
unpredictable rainfall hinders the crop production. The productivity of important crop is
given below.
Source: Fertilizer & Agriculture Statl tics, Eastern Region (1999·2000) by Fertilizer Association
of India, lOA, Hochl Binb Saranl, Kolkata - 700 071, We t Bengal.
5
METHODOLOGY
Soil Resource Map of Orissa was completed through a 3-tier approach (interpretation
of landsat imagerie , field checking accompanied by laboratory analysis and cartography).
The area was mapped as soil family association on I :250,000 scale. The soil map was printed
on 1:500,000 scale without any generalization.
With the help of landsat imageries and existing information, the state of Orissa can
broadly be divided into seven major physiographic regions viz. Eastern ghat, Garhjat hills,
Mahanadi basin, Dandakaranaya, Bengal basin, Utkal plain and Mahanadi delta. Based on
tonal and textural variations, the landform units were delineated and these units were
transferred to the topobase (I :250,000 scale) prepared from Survey of India toposheets. The
field work was conducted on I :250,000 scale. Each topobase covers an area of 1.15 m ha.
Grid observations at lOx 10 km and strips (8-10) each covering 50 sq.km. with 25-30
observations on each strip.
After characterization, the soils are classified using USDA Soil Taxonomy. Data were
compiled, correlated and mapped into 159 mapping units (Soil family associatioD). Each
mapping unit is the association of two soil families, the dominant and the sub dominant soils
at the ratio of 60:40. Dominantlsubdominant soil in each map unit as per the numbr of
observations are considered and described as soil series. The distribution and extent is
computed based on their occurrence (number of observation) in the map units. In all 112 soil
series were described.
The description of the soils have been done as per the USDA Soil Classification (Soil
Taxonomy). Each soil is described with respect to its type location, physiographic position,
ground water table, rainfall, slope, erosion, relief, drainage, permeability, land use, geology
and parent material, extent of distribution (mapping unit numbers and area in ha), soil
association (other soils in same landform) and soil correlation. The description of typifying
pedon, range in characteristics, interpretation (constraints, suggested land use and potential),
yield of crops (farmers and improved practices) and analytical data are also included. The
explanation for the described parameters in the soil series are given in the Appendix I. The
district wise soil series along with correlated status is given for ready reference in Appendix
II. The distribution of soil series along with their areas in different districts are also in
Appendix ilL
The soil correlation was attempted in association with Soil Survey Unit of State
Government/State Agriculture University and All India Soil and Land Use Survey
Organization considering the data already available at different scale. SRM data and some
other data of district soil survey on 1:50,000 cale undertaken by the Bureau.
The soil series is the lowest category of oil Taxonomy. It forms a fundamental unit
of Soil Categorization in soil , mapping work. It is regarded as an important parcel in
landscape unit. It has characteristic features. It has been defined on the basis of kind and
arrangement of the horizons (colour, texture, consistence, reaction and chemical and
mineralogical properties).
6
SOILS OF EASTERN GHAT
Genenlities: The area representing the south eastern part of Orissa compri s
Malkangiri, Koraput, Kalahandi. Nowrangpur, Phulbani, part of Gajapati and Ganjam
(Fig. 3). The region occupies an area of 4.5 m. ha representing 29.10 per cent of the total
geographical area ofthe state. The unique hill ranges consist of dissected steeply sloping
steep sided, broken, elongated mountain ranges with deep gorges and intennountain
valleys. It is composed of khondolites, charnokites and granitc-gneisse .
The climate of the area is wann and humid with mean summer temperature of
34.tOC and mean winter temperature of 27.5°C. The mean annual rainfall is 1521 mm of
which 80% is received during June to September. Ragi, paddy, niger. maize. lentil and
wheat are grown in this area.
The major constraints of the area are steep slopes, severe water erosion and low
available water capacity (A WC). .
The dominant soils occurring on moderately sloping hill slopes are hallow to
moderately deep, well to somewhat excessively drained and are acidic in reaction. They
are severely eroded and have medium AWC. They have been classified as Typic
Haplustepts, Typic Rhodustalfs. However, soils on undulating dissected plateau are
dominated by Rhodic Paleustalfs, Typic Haplustalfs, Typic Ustorthents Typic
Haplustepts. The soil series of this region are listed as under:
7
SoU Series Name SoU Taxonomy DIstrict
No.
17. Kumbagad eries Ulric Paleustalti; Ganjam
-
18. Singarazu Series Ultic Haplustalfs Gajapati
19. Tarlakota Series Typic Haplustalfs Malkangiri
20. Anukundaguda Series Rhodic Paleustalfs Gajapati
21. Ribolkona Series Typic Endoaquepts Raygada
22. Hariharpur Series Typic Ustorthents Nayagarh
23. Badly Series Typic Ustorthents Kalahandi
24. Karlagurha Series Typic Haplustalfs Koraput
25. Bamansuku Series Rhodic Paleustalfs Koraput
26. Jarnguda Series Typic Haplustalfs Malkangiri
27. Podia Series Typic Haplustepts Malkangiri
28. Dumripadar Series Typic Rhodustalfs Koraput
29. Podia Series Ultic Haplustalfs Malkangiri
30. Bareguda Series Typic Rhodustalfs Koraput
31. Kunder Series Lithic Ustorthents Koraput
32. Ledirigurha Series Ultic Haplustalfs Koraput
33. Nuagurha Series Kandic Paleustalfs Koraput
34. Kotapada Typic Ustorthents Malkangiri
35. Rarngiri Typic Rhodustalfs Nowrangpur
36. Dabugam Series Aeric Endoaquepts Nowrangpur
8
ORISSA
EASTERN GHAT JHARKHAND
WEST
BENGAL
CHHATIISGARH
-+-
R
State boundary
District boundary
Drainage
Physiography regions
BAY OF BENGAL
Eastern Ghat
11
Range In cbaraden tics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 80 cm. The A horizon is
12 to ] 6 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5 YR, 3 to 4 and chroma 2 to 3. Its texture varies from
sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness of B horizon is more than 65 cm. Its colour is in
hue 2.5 YR and 10 R, value 3 to 4 and chroma is 4 to 8. Its texture is sandy clay loam to clay.
Clay cutans and observed in the B horizon. The B horizon is underlain by weathered parent
material.
Interpretation : Garadapadra soils are medium textured and have moderate available moisture
holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass rYes
Irrigability subclass 3st
Productivity potential
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low
Horticultural crops Low to medium
Forage crops and grasses Medium
Forest Medium to high
ugge tcd land use: The land is suitable for agro-forestry and forest plantation.
ANALYTICAL DATA
Depth Hori- Sand Silt Clay Texture Coarse pH EC
(cm) zon (2.0-0.05 (0.05- «0.002 frag. 1:2.5 1:2.5
mm) 0.002mm) mm) vol. water water
(%) (%) (%) (%) (dS/m)
0 - 14 A 68.3 15.1 16.6 sl - 6.4 0.05
14 -32 Btl 48.6 24.1 27.3 sci - 6.3 0.05
32 - 49 Bt2 36.5 29.6 33.9 cl - 6.2 0.05
49 - 73 Bt3 48.9 18.5 32.6 sci - 6.2 0.05
73 - 86 Bt4 45.4 22.1 32.5 cl - 6.2 0.05
86+ Cr Ulpathered parent materials
0 - 14 1.03 -
~
5.8 3.1
cmol (+) I kg soil
0.3 0.2 9.4
•
13.0
(%)
72
14 -32 0.80 - 7.0 4.0 0.3 0.2 1 1.5 16.0 72
32-49 0.56 • 9.0 4.6 0.4 0.4 14.4 20.6 70
49 - 73 0.37 - 8.8 4.4 0.6 0.4 14.2 20.6 69
73 - 86 0.23 - 8.8 4.0 0.6 0.4 13.8 19.8 70
86+ weathered parent materials
2. OLOM ERIE
13
Range in characteri ti : The olum is more than 150 cm thick. The A horizon is 11 to
15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 7.5 YR and 10 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma is 4 to 5. Its
texture is sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness of B horizon is more than 140
cm. It colour is in hue 7.5 YR and 5 YR, value 3 to 6 and chroma is 5 to 8. Its texture is
sandy clay loam to sandy clay.
Interpretation: Soloma soils are fine in texture. Available moisture capacity is medium
to high. These soils have moderate air-water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IIIe
Irrigability subclas 4t
Productivity potential
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low
Horticultural crops Medium
Forage crops and grasses Low to medium
Forest Medium to high
Sugg~ted land u e : They are suitable for agro-forestry and horticulture crops with
suitable species.
ANALYTI AL DATA
14
3, ARAKHANDI RIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 144 to 161 cm . The A horizon
is 12 to J 5 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5 YR, value 3 to 6 and chroma is 4 to 6. Its
texture is sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness ofB horizon is 134 to 147 cm.
15
Its colour is in hue 2.5 YR and 5 YR. value 3 to 4 and chroma is 4 to 6. Its texture varies
from sandy clay loam to clay.
Interpretation : Sarakhandi soi ls are fine in texture and available moisture holding
capacity is moderate. The soils have moderate air-water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass Illes
Irrigability subclass 3t
uggested land u e : These soils are suitable for upland crops like pigeon pea, black
gram, groundnut etc.
ANALYTICAL OAT A
16
4. BUDHAKHOLA ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 120 to 136 cm. The A horizon
is 11 to ) 6 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5 YR and 5 YR, value 3 to 5 and chroma 4 to 6.
Its texture varies from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness of B horizon. is
17
more than 120 cm . Its colour is in hue 2.5 YR with value 3 to 4 and chroma 2 to 4. Its
texture is sandy clay loam to sandy clay.
Interpretation: Budhakhola soils are medium textured and have moderate to high air-
water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass 'lies
Irrigability subclass 3t
Productivity potential
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low to low
Horticultural crops Medium
Forage crops and grasses Medium
Forest Medium to high
Suggested land u e These soils may be used for agro-forestry, silvipasture and
horticultural crops.
ANALYTICAL DATA
18
s. DAL DA ERI
19
Range in character' tic : The thickness of the solumn is more than 105 cm. The A
horizon is 12 to 18 em thick. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 3 to 5.
Its texture ranges from clay loam to clay. The B horiz.on is more than 70 cm thick. Its
colour is in hue 10 YR and 2.5 Y, value 3 to 5 and chroma 2 to 3. Its texture is clay loam
to clay. Mottles of various sizes are present in the sub soils.
Interpretation: Dalmunda soils are fine textured poorly drained and have high available
water holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capabil ity subclass IIlw
lrrigability ubclass 2d
uggested land use: The e oil are suitable for rice during kharif season and wheat,
mustard, gr m, linseed for rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
20
6. KODABANDH ERIE
21
Horizon Depth Description
(em)
Bwg5 100 - 155 Olive gray (5Y 4/2M) cia),; strong coarse subangular blocky
structure; very firm , very ticky and very plastic; few fine nodules;
neutral (pH 7.2)
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon is 6 to 11 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5 Y and 10 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma
2 to 3. Its texture is silty clay to clay. The thickness of B horizon is 124 to 150 cm. Its
colour is in hue 2.5 Y and 5 Y, value 3 to 4 and chroma 0 to 2. Its texture i silty clay to
clay.
Interpretation: Kodabandh soils are very deep and have high available water capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass If(ws
Irrigability subclass 4ds
Rice 14 - 17 20-25
Ni er 2.0-2.5 3.0 - 4.0
Suggested land u e: The land j suitable for kharif rice pulses and oil seeds.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-7 0.85 --
~
1l.0 4.0
cmol (+) I kK soil
1.4 1.0 17.4
•
24.2
(%)
72
7 - J9 0.30 11.6 5.0 1.6 1.0 19.2 24.6 78
19 - 51 0.23 - 13.0 6.2 2.0 1.2 22.4 28 .0 80
51 - ·72 0.20 - 15.0 6. J 2.0 1.4 24.5 29.2 84
72 - 100 0.19 - 14.7 7.8 1.9 1.6 26.0 29.1 89
100 - 155 0.19 - 14.8 7.2 1.7 1.4 25.1 29.4 85
22
7. MUDRA
Range in cbaracteri tic : The thickness of the solumn i 121 to 163 em. The A
horizon is 9 to 13 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5 YR and 7.5 YR. value 4 to 6 and
23
chroma 5 to 6. Its texture is loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness ofB horizon is 110 to
1SO cm. Its colour is in hue 5 YR and 2.5 YR. value 3 to 4 and chroma is 3 to 4. Its
texture is clay loam to clay.
Interpretation : Mudrang soils are very deep and have moderate to high available water
holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass Us
Irrigability subclass 2s
Rice 11-13 14 - 18
Potato 80 - 90 100 - 110
uggested land u e: The land is suitable for paddy, groundnut, potato and pulses.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 10 (l60 -
~
4.3 1.2
cmol (+) / kg soU
0.1 0.2 5.8
•
9.0
(-A,)
64
10 -30 0.32 - 6.0 2.0 0.3 0.2 8.5 11.8 72
30-50 0.20 - 6.6 3.0 0.3 0.3 10.2 13.2 77
50 - 70 0.20 - 10.1 4.0 0.5 0.4 15.0 ]8.8 80
70 - 86 0.15 - 8.0 3.4 0.5 0.4 12.3 14.6 84
86 - 146 0.12 - 8.0 3.0 0.5 0.4 11.9 14.0 85
24
8. KAMENAJU ERIE
25
i in hue 2.5YR with value 4 and chroma 3 to 4. Its texture is clay loam . The B horizon is
underlain by weathered parent material.
Interpretation: Kamenaju soils are moderately shallow to moderately deep, well drained
and everely eroded. They have moderate air-water relationship.
Ioterpretative grouping:
Land capability subc lass IVes
Irrigability subclass 4st
Productivity potential
uggested land use: The land is suitable for forest species like sal, teak etc.
ANALYTICAL DATA
26
9. BIRlNCHIPUR ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 130 to 65 cm. The A horizon
is 10 to 16 em thick. Its colour is in hue 7.5YR and 10YR, value 5 to 7 and chroma 4. Its
27
texture is loamy sand to sandy loam. The thickness of B horizon is more than 120 cm. Its
colour is in hue 7.SYR with value 5 to 6 and chroma 4 to 6. [ts texture is sandy clay loam
to sandy clay.
Interpretation: Birinchipur soils are very deep, imperfectly drained and fine in texture.
They have high moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass fIles
Irrigability subclass 3t
otential:
Productivity
otential
Padd 7- 9 11 - 14 Medium
Groundnut 10 - 12 16 - IS Medium
Su ge ted land use: The land is suitable for oilseeds, pulses and vegetable crops.
ANALYTICAL DATA
28
10. NAGURA ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 90 to 112 cm. The A horizon
is 10 to 16 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5 YR and 5 YR, value 3 to 5 and chroma 3 to
4. Its texture varies from sandy clay loam to sandy loam. The colour of B is in hue 2.5 YR
29
and 5 YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 3 to 6. Its texture ranges from sandy clay loam to
loamy sandy. The B horizon is underlained by BC horizon. 10 to 75 per cent tine gravels
are present in sub soils.
Interpretation: Nagura soils are moderately deep to deep, well drained and fine loamy
in texture. They are susceptible to severe erosion.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass JVes
Irrigability subclass 6t
Productivity potential
uggested land u e : They are suitable for agro forestry with proper soil and water
conservation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
30
11. LOWI ORA SERlE
Interpretation: Lowisora soils are moderately deep well drained and severely eroded.
They are medium textured and have moderate water holding c.apacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subcla IYes
Irrigability subclass 6t
't poten rla I
Product"IVlty
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Yery low
Horticultural crops Medium
Forage crops and grasses Low to medium
Forest Medium
ugge ted land u e : They are suitable for horticultural and plantation crops with proper
il and water con ervation mea ures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
32
12. ALGUNI ERIE
Interpretation: Alguni soils are moderately shallow, well drained and severely eroded.
They are fine loamy in texture and have moderate-moisture holding and water retentive
capacity.
33
Interpretative grouping:
Suggested land use : They are suitable for agro forestry with proper soil and water
conservation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0- 6
(Ofc,)
0.42
(%)
-
Ca
...
2.4
M2
0.8
Na K
emol (+) lki soil
0.2 0.2
Sum
3.6
.
6.4
saturation
(%)
56
6 - 31 0.27 - 3.1 1.1 OJ 0.2 4.7 8.0 59
31- 64 0.16 . 3.5 1.2 0.2 0.2 5.1 8.2 62
64 - 70 weatbered gravels
34
13. KARADA ERIE
Range in characteristics: The solumn is more than 150 cm thick. The A horizon is 12
to 18 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma is 2 to 3. Its texture is
clay loam to clay. The thickness of B horizon is more than 140 cm. Its colour is in hue
10YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma is 1 to 2. Its texture is silty clay loam to clay. The B
35
hori7..on have mottles colours with a hue 7.5 YR, value 5 and chroma 4 to 6. Mottles of
fine strong brown to brown are also common.
Interpretation : Karada soils are fine textured soils and have impeded drainage
condition. Suitable for paddy cultivation.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lIIws
lrrigability subclass 3d
otential:
Productivity
otential
Padd 13 - 15 15 - 18 Medium
Suggested land u e: The land is suitable for rice, pulses and vegetables
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 15 0.74 -
....
9.3 4.6
emol(+) I kg soil
1.2 0.6 15.7
•
25.4
(%)
62
15 - 42 0.67 - 11.6 3.8 1.0 0.4 16.8 23.0 73
42 - 74 0.63 - 14.4 5.4 1.8 0.5 22.1 29.1 76
74 - 107 0.54 - 15.8 5.4 2.0 0.6 23.8 29.8 80
107 - 150 0.26 - 23 .5 5.9 2.5 0.6 32.5 35.5 91
36
14. OBOL RIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon is 10 to 14 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5YR and 10VR, value 5 to 6 and
chroma 4 to 6. Its texture is clay loam to sandy clay loam to sandy clay loam. The
thickness of B horizon is 135 to 145 cm. Its colour is in hue 2.5YR, value 3 to 5 and
chroma 4 to 6. The texture ranges from sandy clay to clay.
Interpretation: Anobola soils are fine textured, very deep, occurring on gently sloping
upland and su ceptible to moderate erosion. These soils have moderately high available
water holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
otential :
Productivity
otential
Maize 8- 9 12 - 15 Medium
uggested land use: The land can be cultivated for a variety of crops like ragi, pulses,
niger, sugarcane etc. with irrigation facilities and management practices.
ANALYTICAL DATA
Range in charaderi tics: The thickness of the solumn is 140 to 165 cm. The A horizon
is 1 J to 15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR and 7.5YR. value 3 to 5 and chroma 3 to 5.
The texture is sandy clay loam to sandy loam. The B horizon is 125 to 150 cm thick. Its
colour is in hue 7.5YR. value 4 to 6 and chroma 4 to 5 and texture is sandy clay to clay
loam and clay.
Interpretation: Kothapokhari oils are moderately fine textured and well drained. These
are productive soils under irrigation and a variety of crops can be cultivated.
Interpretative grouping:
uggested land u e: The land is highly suitable for rice, pulses, potato, sugarcane and
oilseeds.
ANALYTICAL DATA
Interpretative grouping:
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 14 0.20 - •
2.0 0.4
cmol (+) I kg soil
tr 0.1 2.5
~
4.0
(%)
63
14 - 31 0.12 - 3.5 1.4 0.1 0.2 5.2 8.0 65
31 - 50 0.10 - 5.5 2.4 0.1 0.3 8.3 12.2 68
50 - 60 0.10 - 6:5 3.2 0.2 0.3 10.2 14.6 70
60+ Cr weathered parent material
17. KUMB GAD ERIE
Range in cbaracteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 140 to 160 em. The A horizon
is 12 to 15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma is 6. Its texture is
sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is 135 to 140 em. Its colour is in hue
43
2.SYR. value 3 to 4 and chroma is 4 to 6. Its texture is sandy clay to clay. Clay cutans are
observed in the B horizon.
Interpretation: Kumbagad soils are deep and situated in the upper part of the hills. The
oils have high available water holding and retentive capacity with medium fertility
status.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass Illes
lrrigabil'ItySU bCIass - 3t
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low
Horticultural crops Medium
Forage crops and grasses Medium
Forest Medium to high
uggHted land u e: The land is suitable for silvipasture and forest plantation of
suitable species.
ANALYTICAL DATA
44
18. INGARAZU ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 120 cm. The A
horizon is 11 to 14 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 7.5 YR and 5 YR with value 4 to 5 and
chroma 2 to 3. Its texture is loamy sand to andy loam. The B horizon is more than 100
45
cm thick. It colour is in hue 5 YR and 7.5 YR, value 4 to 5, and chroma is 3 to 6. Its
texture is sandy clay loam to sandy clay. Argillan cutans are found in sub soils.
Interpretation : ingarazu soils are deep to very deep, well drained and tine loamy in
texture. They have moderate available moisture holding and retentive capacity. The
fertility tatus of the soils are low.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IVefs
Irrigability subclass 4t
Product ivity_potentia I -
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low
Horticultural crnps Low to medium
Forage crops and grasses Medium
Forest Medium to high
ugge ted land u e : They are suitable for agro forestry with proper soil and water
onservation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
46
19. TARLAKOTA SERlE
Range in cbaracteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 87 to 111 cm. The A horizon
is 9 to 12 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 7.5 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture
47
is loamy and to sandy loam. The B horizon is more than 95 cm thick. Its colour is in hue
5 YR and 2.5 YR, value 4 to 6, and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture varies from sandy loam to
sandy clay loam. The B horizon is underlained by weathered parent material.
Interpretation : Tarlakota soils are medium textured, moderately well drained and
moderately permeable. They have moderate available water holding and retentive
capacity. The fertility status of these soils are low.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass [Vefs
Irrigability subclass 4t
Productivity potential
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low
Horticultural crops Low to medium
Forage crops and grasses Low to medium
Po rest Medium
Suggested land u e : They are suitable for agro forestry with proper soil and water
conservation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0- 9 0.26 -
.....
"'"
1.9 0.5
emol (+) I kg soil
0.1 0.1 2.6 4.6
• (%)
57
9 - 41 0.20 - 2.2 0.8 0.1 0.1 3.2 5.2 62
41 - 83 0.20 - 3.6 1.0 0.1 0.2 4.9 6.8 72
83 - 102
102 105
0.16 - 3.7 1.2 0.1 0.2 5.2 7.2 72
weathered material
"~
48
20. ANUKUNDAGUDA RIE
Range in characteristics : The soils are very deep. A horizon is 13 to 16 cm thick. Its
colour is in hue 2.5 YR and 5 YR with value 3 to 4 and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture is sandy
loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is more than 130 cm thick. Its colour is in hue
49
2.5 YR and lOR, value 2 to 3 and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture varies from sandy clay loam
to sandy clay. Argillan cutnas are observed in the sub soils.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass JVfs
Irrigability subclass 4t
ugge ted land use: These soils are suitable for upland crops like millets rag; etc under
proper land and water conservation practices.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 15
(0/0)
0.12
(%)
-
~
Ca
1.8
M2
0.4
Na K
emol (+) / kg soil
0.1 0.1
Sum I
2.4
..
4.4
saturation
(%)
55
15 - 36 0.10 - 2.5 0.5 0.1 0.2 3.3 6.0 55
36 - 70 0.10 - 2.7 0.6 0.2 0.1 3.6 6.2 58
70 - 95 0.11 - 2.7 0.7 0.2 0.2 3.8 6.3 60
95 - 150 0.13 - 2.9 0.5 0.2 0.2 3.8 6.5 58
so
21. RIBOLKONA ER]E
51
Rang in characteri tics: The soils are very deep. The A horizon is J 3 to 17 cm thick.
It colour is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 5 to 6. Its texture is clay loam. The B
horizon is more than 130 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 1
to 2. Its texture varies from clay loam to clay. Mottles are observed in B horizon. Its
colour is in hue 5 YR and 7.5 YR. value 3 to 4 and chroma 4 to 6.
IDterpretation : Ribolkona soils are very deep, poorly drained and fine textured. They
have high moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability ubclass JIJw
Irrigability subclass 3d
Suggested land u e : Besides rice in kharif season they are suitable for wheat, oilseeds
and vegetables in rabi ea on.
ANALYTICAL DATA
52
22. HARlHARPUR ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than ) 15 cm. The A
horizon is 24 to 32 cm thick and it is underlained by C horizon . The colour of A horizon
is in hue 7.5 YR and 5 YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture is sandy loam to
sandy clay loam. The colour of the C horizon is in hue 5 YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 3 to
6. Its texture varies from sand to sandy loam.
53
Interpretation: Hariharpur soils are deep. well drained and moderately permeable. They
are coar e textured and have low moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability ubclass Illes
Irrigability subclass 4t
ugge ted land use: Rice i suitable in kharif eason. Pulses and oilseeds are suitable
during rabi sea on with irrigation facilities.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0- 13 0.53 -
...
3.8 1.2
cmol (+) / kg soil
0.1 0.1 5.2
•
8.8
(%)
59
13 - 30 0.44 - 4.0 1.8 0.1 0.2 6.1 8.2 74
30 - 57 0.20 - 3.4 1.0 0.1 0. 1 4.6 5.6 82
57 - 91 0.11 - ,2.0 0.5 - 0.1 2.6 3.0 87
91 - 132 0.12 - 2.4 0.8 - 0.1 3.3 3.8 87
54
23. BADLY ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 55 10 60 cm. The A
horizon is 51 to 60 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5 YR, Value 3 to 4 and chroma 2 to 5.
the texture is dominantly sandy loam to sandy clay loam .
Interpretation: Badly soils are moderately coarse textured and their available moisture
capacity is low. The skeletal nature of the soil is a real problem for land use planning.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IVes
lrrigability subclass 4t
55
Productivity potential:
ANALYTICAL DATA
56
24. KARLAGURHA ERIE
Range in cbaracteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 120 to 135 cm . The A horizon
is 13-20 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 2 to 3. Its texture is
sandy loam to sandy clay loam. rhe thickness of B horizon is 90-120 cm. Its colour is in
57
hue 5YR, value 3 to 4 aDd chroma is 2 to . Its texture is andy clay loam to clay. The B
horizon i underlain by weathered parent material.
Interpretation: Karlagurha soi ls are deep and medium in texture with moderate
moisture holding capacity. The oils have go d air-water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IVes
Irrigability subclass 4t
Productivity potential:
ugge ted land u e: The land is suitable for forest plantation like sal, teak, etc.
ANALYTICAL DATA
58
25. BA UKU RIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon is 15 to 21 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5YR, value 3 to 4, chroma 2 to 3. Its
texture is sandy clay loam to clay loam. The B horizon is in hue 2.5YR & 5YR, value 3
59
to 4 & chroma 3 to 6. Its texture is clay loam to clay. Clay cutans are observed in the B
horizon.
Interpretation: Bamansuku soils are medium textured and poor in water retentive
capacity.
nterpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass VIes
JrrigabiJity subclass 4st
ANALYTICAL DATA
60
26. J MGUDA RIE
Range in characteristic : The thickness of the solumn is 150 to 165 cm . The A horizon
is 15 to 20 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 7.5YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 3. Its texture
61
is lay loam to sandy clay I am. The thickness of B horizon i 130 to 150 cm. Its colour is
in hue 2.SYR to 7.5YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 2 to 6. Its texture varies from clay loam
to clay.
Interpretation : .Iamguda oil are very deep and fine textured with moderate moisture
holding capacity.
Interpretative rouping:
Land capability ubclass IIe
Irrigability subclass 2s
uggcsted land use: The land is suitable for oilseeds and mesta.
ANALYTICAL DATA
62
27. PODIA ERIE
63
Range in characteri tics : The thickness of the solumn is 100 to I] 5 cm. The A horizon
is ] 2 to 15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5YR, value 3 to 4, chroma 3 to 4. Its texture is
sandy clay loam to clay loam . The B horizon is 90 to 100 cm thick. Its colour is in hue
2.5YR and 5YR, value 3 to 4, chroma 3 to 6. Its texture is loam to clay loam. The B
horizon is underlained by weathered parent material.
Interpretation : Podia soi ls are moderately deep with coarse and fine gravels in the
ubsurface horizon.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability ubclass rVes
Irrigability subclass 4st
Productivit Potential
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low
Horticultural crops Low to medium
Forage crops and grasses Medium
Forest Medium
ugge ted land use: The land is suitable for forest plantation and silvipa ture.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 12 1.4 - •
5.4 2.4
cmol (+) I kg soil
OJ 0.2 8.6
...
14.4
(%)
60
12 - 28 0.96 - 4.0 1.8 0.4 0.2 6.4 10.6 60
28 - 52 0.89 - 4.0 2J OJ 0.1 6.4 10.8 62
52 - 94 0.68 - 4.3 1.5 0.4 0.2 6.4 10.2 63
94 - 110 0.55 - 3.9 2.1 OJ 0.2 6.5 10.0 65
110+ weathered parent material
64
28. DUMRIPADAR RIE
65
Interpretation : Dumripadar soils arc deep and fine in texture with moderate to high
available moisture holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
u gested land u e: The land is suitable for rice. pulses and oilseeds
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 20 0.85 -
.._
....
1.9 0.5
cmol (+) I kg soil
0.2 0.4 3".0
•
6.0
(%)
50
20 - 42 0.65 - 2.4 0.8 0.2 0.3 3.7 7.2 51
42-70 0.50 - 1.9 1.2 0.2 0.4 3.7 6.8 54
70 - ] 10
110+
0.45 - 2.0' 1.4 0.2 0.4 4.0 6.4 62
weathered parent material
66
29, PODIA RlE
Range In characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 90 to 135 cm . The
A horizon is 10 to 16 em thick. ~ts colour is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 5 to
67
6. The texture vari s from loamy sand to sandy loam. The thickness of the B horizon is 80
to 120 cm. Its colour ranges from yellowish brown to light brownish gray in hue 10 YR.
value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 6. Its texture varies from sandy clay loam to sandy clay.
Cutans are ob erved in the sub oils.
Interpretation: Podia soil are deep. imperfectly drained and fine textured. They have
moderate water holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lJIes
(rrigabiJity subclass 3t
Productivity potential
Sugge ted land use: They are unsuitable for field crops but suitable for forage crops.
grasses and forest. -
NALYTICAL DATA
0 - 10 0.20 -
..
Ca
1.4
M2
0.6
Na
-
K
cmol (+) / k2 soil
-
Sum
2.0 4.0
...
aturation
(%)
50
10 - 32 0.21 - 3.1 1.2 0.1 0.1 4.5 8.8 51
32 - 62 0.20 - 4.0 1.8 0.1 0.2 6.1 11.8 52
62 - 88 0.14 - 5.0 2.0 0.2 0.2 7.4 13.6 54
88 - 102 0.10 - 5.0 1.4 0.2 0.2 6.8 11.8 58
68
30. BAREGUDA ERIE
69
Ran in cbaracteri ti : Tne solumn is more tnan 90 cm thick. The A horizon is 10 to
14 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 7.5 YR and 5 YR, 4 to 5 and chroma 3 to 6. The texture
varie from andy loam to andy clay loam with 25 to 35 per cent fine gravels. The
thickness of Bt horizon varies from 81 to 122 em. It s colour is in hue 2.5 YR, value 3 and
chroma 4 to 6. The texture varies from sandy clay loam to clay with 25 to 57 per cent fine
gravel . Fine gravels and clay cutans are ob erved in the sub soils.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass [Yes
lrrigability subclass 4st
ugge ted land use: These soils are suitable for upland crops like millets, ragi etc under
proper land and water conservation practices.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 10 0.89 -
...
3.0 1.0
cmol (+) I k2 soil
0.2 0.1 4.3
•
6.0
(%)
72
10 - 32 0.45 - 4.7 1.8 0.1 0.1 6.7 8.8 76
32 - 52 0.30 - 6.6 2.7 0.1 0.2 9.6 12.6 76
52-72 0.30 - 7.0 3.8 0.2 0.2 11.2 14.0 80
72 - 104 0.20 - 9.0 4.5 0.2 0.1 13.8 16.6 83
7J)
31. KUNDER ERIE
Interpretation: Konder soils are shallow and excessively drained. They are susceptible
to erosion.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass Vile
lrrigability subclass 6t
71
Productivity potential
ugg ted land u e : They are suitable for agro forestry with proper soil and water
con ervation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
72
32. LEDIRlGURHA ERIE
73
Interpretation : Ledirigurha series are moderately shallow, w.e" drained. and severely
eroded. They are fine-loamy in texture and have moderate mOisture holding and water
retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping :
Land capability subclass IVe
lrrigab ility subclas 6t
Product"IVlty
. potentIa. I
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low
Horticultural crops Low to medium
Forage crops and grasses Medium
Forest Medium to high
ugge ted land u e: These soi ls may be used for agro forestry with proper land and soil
management.
ANALYTICAL DATA
74
33. NUAGURHA RI
Range in characteristics: The solumn is more than 140 cm thick. The thickness of A
horizon varies from 14 to 20 cm. Its colour is in hue 2.5 YR and 5 YR, value 3 to 5 and
chroma 4 to 6. The texture varies from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness of
Bt horizon is more than 125 cm. Its colour is in hue 2.5 YR and 5 YR. value 3 to 6 and
75
chroma 3 to 7. Its texture ranges from sandy clay loam to clay loam. Argillan clay cutans
are found in sub oils.
Interpretation: Nuagurha soil are very deep, well drained and fine loamy in texture.
They have moderate available moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lIIe
Irrigability subclass 61
Productivity potential
uggested land use: They are suitable for horticultural and plantation crops with proper
soil and water conservation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
76
34. KOTAPADA ERIE
Interpretation: Kotapada soils are moderately deep, well drained and severely eroded.
They are moderately light textured and have low water holding capacity.
77
Interpretative groupln :
Productivity potcntial
Sugge ted land use: These soils may be used for agro forestry with proper land and soil
managemf'nt.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0- 6 0.60 -
II1II
3.0 0.4
cmoll+) ll<g soil
0.1 - 3.5
•
5.8
(%)
60
6 - 31 0.28 - 3.4 0.6 0.1 0.1 4.2 6.7 63
31 - 77 0.13 - 3.7 0.8 0.1 0.1 4.7 7.6 62
77 - 80 weathered granite gneiss
78
35. RAMGlRI ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 65 to 73 cm. The A
horizon is 10 to 16 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 3 to 5.
The texture varies from sandy clay loam to clay loam. The colour of the B horizon is 2.5
YR in hue, value 3 to 5 and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture varies from clay loam to clay with
10 to 30 per cent fine gravels. Argillan clay cutans and fine gravels are present in the sub
surface horizons.
79
Interpretation: Ramgiri soils are moderately shallow, well drained and fine in texture.
They are susceptible to erosion.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass rVes
rrrigabiJity subclass 6t
Productivity potential
u ted land use: These soi ls are suitable for forestry. Horticultural crops may also be
grown with proper land and soil management.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 12 0.52 -
•
8.3 0.9
cmol (+) / kg soil
0.2 0.3 9.7
...
12.9
(%)
75
12 - 39 0.30 - 8.9 1.4 0.2 0.4 10.9 13.8 79
39 - 59 0.21 - 6.7 1.8 0.2 0.5 9.2 14.7 63
59 - 72
72+
0.16 - 7.1 1.4 0.2 0.3 9.0 12.6 71
weathered granite gneiss
80
36. DABUGAM ERIE
SI
chroma I to 3. The texture of A horizon is clay loam. The colour ofB horizon is in hue 2.5
Y, value 4 to 5 and chroma I to 2. Mottles are present in the sub soils.
Interpretation: Oabugan series are deep to very deep and imperfectly drained with slow
permeability. They are fine in texture and have high a ailable moisture holding and water
retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability ubcla fII
Irrigability subcla s 2d
uggc. ted land u : They are uitable for rice cultivation in kharif. However, oilseeds,
pul es and vegetables can be grown in winter with upplemental irrigation .
ANALYTI AL DATA
82
SOILS OF GARBJAT S IDLLS
Generalities: The region is located between 20°21' to 22°33' N latitudes and 84° 12' to
86°43' E longitude covering the districts of Mayurbhanj, Kendujhar, Dhenkanal Angul
and part of Sundergarh (Fig. 4). It occupies an area of 4.1 m. ha representing 26.40 per
cent of the total geographical area of the state. The region predominantly con ists of rocks
of middle proterozoic age. Several peaks of this mountainous region are more than 900 m.
Northern hill ranges of Garhjat hill divides the Brahmani and the Mahanadi rivers
whereas Kendujhar plateau of the western part divides between the Baitarani and the
Brahmani. The climate is hot and moist sub humid with mean maximum temperature
36.6°e and mean minimum temperature 11.1 °e with an annual rain.fall of 1534.6 mm.
Uplands are mostly cultivated to groundnut, arhar, horse-gram under rainfed conditions
while low lands are under rice, jute, maize, cotton and groundnut.
The major constraints of the area are steep slopes, severe water erosion, shallow
soil depth and low available water capacity (A WC).
The dominant soils occurring on moderately steep hill slopes are shallow to
moderately shallow, well to somewhat excessively drained, coarse-loamy textured and
slightly acidic to neutral in reaction. These soils have low to medium Awe and classified
as Lithic Ustorthents and Typic Rhodustalfs. The soils developed on undulating uplands,
gently sloping plains and very gently sloping plains are classified as Typic Ustorthents,
Typic Haplustalfs, Vertic Haplustepts, Typic Haplustepts and Typic Endoaquepts. The
soil series of this region are listed as under:
83
ORISS
JHARKHAND
GARHJAT HILLS r(\
\. _""
.,
\ ~
.... , '\ WEST
-, ~- -·... '---r · ~ BENGAL
" ';-"
I
."
. . ....
......-~.-
.1
.I
i_
",,_ "\"
...... , ,.~ I
"
.......
,~. _ J
~ M rbh .
.I
\ I
1"'1
, , ayu anJ ..... , , '. ,_
," 1.' \. of .... ',
" I "' ...... \, }:1"'~
~""/!·'f · ,....... -"'.)
CHHATTISGARH ", Kendujhar " •
Deoga~, .• • ,-, ""
....
, ~
" ,~'I
"
~',_, "',}'"",,"
.,~ \ _ ...._.~t
.: ~ ~.\ ~-"'t . . , ,
N
,
,""..
,~
.", ~.
.... "'"
\~,
..
.. :,'- ......... :..,~ ': 1'--\
.-"\ " ."
\ .. ,.'
,-
•
if1ql) ",'
ql}.:l. , .,'" ,
"-Q?~ ---.~:: .
,
.!<---
, ,_
", .
,.,....
, ' ~,
Phulabani
.,-. -,
R c ~'"
" ,,
,- .' , I
~. f#
,_
I
~-.,-........ "..
State boundary
District boundary
I
INowrangpur ~.
~.,
..
\.'\
,
"
\",
,
~-".'_
_
,,
..
'._.,
.
,
~jam
Drainage "
Rayagada "~, "7~
,
r r,_ .. , ... ,...... ,
\
Physiography regions _ :, GaJ'apati ,: ,
BAY OF BENGAL
o Garhjat Hills
L
i
, ,''',-',,,
:~I
" ,,~~
('I..
~~~I""
.;....,' .. '....
, /._
.•
~y
;,,\ l ~ '" ,v-"
Koraput _." .•.• - \ .• w"""
, . . r: I
~' .""
~ ~~ -?;" ~
"
"r· t
,
~f ~j-,-:>
....
> •
\.,i
, .. -
[/ \ .....~
ANDHRA PRADESH
85
of AC horizon ranges from 10 to IS em. Its colour is in hue 5 YR, value 5 and chroma 3
to 4. Its texture ranges from sandy loam to loamy sand. Fine gravels are present in sub
soils.
Interpretation: Jujumga are moderately shallow, well drained and moderately eroded.
They are fine loamy in texture and have moderate water holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Suggested land u e : These soils may be used for rice during kharif season and
vegetables during rabi seasons with proper land and soil management.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 11 0.32 - •
3.3 -1.2
cmol (+) I ke soil
0.1 tr 4.6 7.5
• (%)
61
1] - 21 0.17 - 3.4 1.0 tr tr 4.4 6.9 64
21 - 46 0.09 - .' 3.3 0.9 tr tr 4.2 6.6 64
46 - 57
57+
tr - 3.2 0.7 tr tr
weathered granite gneiss
3.9 6.4 6l
86
38. AMDH N ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solum varies from 70 to 84 cm. The
colour of A horizon is in hue 7.5 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 2 to 4. The texture varies
from sandy loam to loamy sand with 8 to 45 per cent fine gravels.
87
Interpretative grouping:
Productivity potential
ulg ted land use: They are suitable for horticultural crops, forage crops and grasses
with proper soil and water conservation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
88
39. MODHUPUR ERIE
89
Interpretation : M dhupur soils are moderately shallow and clayey skeletal. The
available moisture holding capacity is medium . They are susceptible to severe erosion.
Interpretative grouping:
Productivity potentia)
ugge ted land use : They are uitable for horticultural and plantation crops with proper
soil and water con ervation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 12 0.42 -
.....
.....
8.6 3.0
cmol (+) / kg soil
1.2 0.6 13.4
•
20.1
(%)
67
12 - 39 0.20 - 10.8 3.4 1.4 0.8 16.4 23.0 71
39 - 65 0.18 - 12.8 5.0 1.4 1.2 20.4 27.9 73
90
40 BHOJPUR ERIE
91
Range in characteri tic : The solumn is mor than 150 cm thick. The thickness of A
horizon varies from 12 to 17 cm. The colour of A horizon is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 6
and chroma 5 to 6. The texture varies from sandy clay loam to sandy loam. The texture of
the B horizon is sandy clay loam to sandy clay and its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 5 to 7
and chroma 3 to 8. Mottles are present in sub soils.
Interpretation: Bhojpur soils are very deep, moderately well drained and fine-loamy in
texture. They have moderate available moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative group1n :
Land capability subclas Ills
lrrigability subclass 3s
Productivity potential
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Low
Horticultural crops Medium
Forage crops and grasses Medium to high
Forest Low to medium
u gested land use : They are suitable for horticultural and forage crops and grasses
with proper soil and water conservation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
92
41.BALI AHl ERIE
Range in characteristic : The thickness of the solumn ranges from 60 to 85 cm. The
colour of the A horizon is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma 3 to 4. The texture of
the A horizon ranges from sandy clay loam to sandy loam. The colour of the B horizon is
in hue 10 YR. value 5 to 7 and chroma 3 to 5. Its texture varies from sandy clay loam to
silty clay. Mottles are observed in sub soils.
9
Interpretation : Balisahi soils are moderately shallow and fine textured. Gravels are
pre ent in sub soi ls.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subcla s Illes
lrrigability subclass 3t
ugg ted land u e : The e soils are suitable for upland rice during kharif season and
vegetables during winter seasons.
ANALYTICAL DATA
94
42. LALIAHURl SERlE .
Range in characteri tic : The thickne s of the solumn ranges from 70 to 83 cm. A
horizon is 12 to 16 cm. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 3 to 5 and chroma 3 to 4. The
texture is sandy clay loam. The thickness of the B horizon varies from 39 to 47 cm and
it is underlained by BC horizon. The colour of B horizon is in hue 10 YR, value 5 to 7
95
and chroma 3 to 4. lts texture varies from sandy clay loam to silty clay loam. Fine
gravels and mottles are present in the sub soils.
Interpretation : Laliahuri soils are moderately deep and moderately well drained with
moderate permeability. They are medium textured and have moderate water holding
capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
ug ted land u e : These soils are suitable for upland rice, niger, arhar, black gram and
vegetables under proper land and water conservation practices.
ANALYTICAL DATA
96
43. RAGHUBERA SERlE
97
Range in cbaracteri tics: The solumn is more than 100 cm thick. The thickness of A
horizon vade from II to 17 cm. Its colour is in hue 5 YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 4.
The texture varies fr m sandy loam to andy clay loam. The colour of 8 horizon is in hue
2.5 YR, value 3 and chroma 3 to 6. Its texture varies from sandy clay loam to sandy clay.
Clay cutan are pre ent in ubsoil .
Interpretation : Raghubera oils are deep, well drained and medium textured. The
available moisture capacity is moderate. They are susceptible to severe erosion hazards.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass rVes
lrrigability ubclass 4t
Productivity potential
ugge ted land u : They are suitable for agro forestry with proper soil and water
con ervation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 13 0.74
(%)
~
.
Ca
3.3
Mg
2.6
Na K
cmol (+) I kg soil
0.4 0.1
Sum
6.4
•
9.9
saturation
(%)
65
13 -28 0.37 ~
4.0 2.7 0.4 0.2 7.3 11.1 66
28-53 0.25 . 4.7 2.5 0.4 0.1 7.7 11.4 68
53 - 88 0.11 . 4.7 26 0.4 0.2 7.9 1).4 69
88 - 110 0.11 ~
4.8 2& 0.4 0.2 7.9 10.9 72
98
44. N HRIPO I ERIE
99
Range in cbaracteri ti : oil are very deep. The A horizon is 13 to 18 cm thick. Its
colour is in hue 10 YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma t to 2. The texture varies from sandy
clay loam to clay loam. The thickness of B horizon ranges from 66 to 80 cm and it is
underlained by C horizon. The colour of B horizon is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 6 and
chroma 1 to 2. Its texture varies from sandy clay loam to sandy clay. The colour of C
horizon is in hue 10 YR, value 6 to 7 and chroma 1 to 2. its texture varies from sandy
loam to loamy sand. trong gleying and mottles are present in the sub soils.
Interpretation : Na hriposi soils are very deep and imperfectly drained with moderate
permeability. They are fine-loamy in texture and have moderate available moisture
holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass JIlws
Jrrigability subclass 2d
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 15
(%)
0.63
(%)
.
..
ea
4.4
Mg
3.5
Na K
cmol (+) I kg soil
0.4 0.2
Sum
8.5
•
13.8
saturation
(%)
62
15 - 34 0.11 . 6.1 3.9 0.4 0.2 10.6 15.7 68
34-59 0.10 ~
7.0 4.4 0.4 0.2 12.0 16.2 74
59-87 0.10 ~
5.6 3.1 0.4 0.1 9.2 13.1 70
87 -Ill 0.06 ~
4.0 2.0 0.2 0,] 6.3 8.5 74
111-150 0.05 ~
3.6 2.0 0.2 0.1 5.9 7.9 75
100
45. KONDRAPO I ERIE
Range in characteristics: The solumn is more than 150 cm thick. The thickness of A
horizon varies from 13 to 18 cm. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 3 to
5. The texture is clay. The thickness of B horizon is more than 130 cm . Its colour is in hue
101
to YR. value 3 to 4 and chroma 1 to 2. Its texture is clay. Gleying and mottles are present
in sub soils.
Interpretation : Kondrapo j oils are very deep and poorly drained. They are fine in
texture and have high water holding and retentive capacity. They can be used for the
cultivation of paddy. mustard etc.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass rvsw
rrri gability subclass 3d
uggested land use: The e soils may be used for rice during kharif season and some
selective vegetables during rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
102
46. KANZARA ERIE
103
Rang io characteri t' : The thickness of the solumn is more than 120 em. The A
horizon is 10 to 18 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 3 to 5 and chroma 3 to 4.
The texture ranges from clay loam to loam. The thickness of B horizon is more than 100
cm and it is underlained by C horizon. The colour of B horizon is 10 YR in hue, value 3
to 5 and chroma 2. Its texture varies from sandy clay loam to clay. The texture of C
horizon is sandy loam. Mottles are observed in sub soils.
Interpretation : Kanzara soils are deep to very deep, imperfectly drained and medium
textured. They have moderate moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative rouping:
Land capabilitY'subclass IIIw
Irrigability subclass 3d
Yield (based on data from farmers field) & productivity potential:
Crop Farmers practices I Improved practices Productivity
....._ q ha'! .. potential
Paddy 14 -1 8 I 20 - 25 Medium
Oroundnut 9- 12 I 14 - 16 Medium
uggested land u e : They are best suitable for rice cultivation in kharif. However,
oilseeds, pul es and vegetables can be grown in winter with supplemental irrigation.
ANALYTICAL DATA
Depth Hori~ Sand Silt Clay Texture Coarse pH EC
(em) zoo (2.0-0.05 (0.05~ «0.002 frag. 1:2.5 1:2.5
mm) 0.OO2mm) mm) vol. water water
(%) (%) (%) (%) (dS/m)
0 - 12 Ap 42.8 25.5 31.7 cl - 7.2 0.56
12 - 24 Bwl 41.7 25.0 33.3 cl - 7.5 0.51
24 -37 Bw2 50.0 19.3 30.7 sci - 7.6 0.43
37 - 50 Bw3 54.1 18.0 27.9 scI - 7.8 0.37
50-81 Bw4 55.3 19.0 25.7 scI - 8.0 0.28
81 - 130 C 66.8 15. I 18.1 sl - 8.1 0.22
0 - 12 0.60 ~
~
9.0 4.4
cmol (+) / k2 soil
0.6 0.4 14.4 18.0
• 80
12 -24 0.30 - 9.4 4.2 1.1 1.0 15.7 18.2 86
24-37 0.20 - 7.6 3.0 0.8 1.0 12.4 14.6 85
37-50 0.15 ~
6.0 2.3 0.6 0.8 9.7 11.2' 87
50-81 0.10 - 6.2 2.2 0.5 0.6 9.5 10.6 90
81 -130 0.12 - 5.2 2.0 0.5 0.6 8.3 9.2 90
104
47. DIPA AHI SERIES
lOS
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 76 to 91 cm. The A
horizon is 11 to 17 em thick. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 1 to 2. The
texture of the A horizons ranges from clay loam to clay. The B horizon is more than 70 cm
thick and it is underlained by hard rock. The colour of B horizon is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 5
ane chroma 1 to 2. Its texture varies from sandy clay loam to clay. Gleying and mottles are
found in sub soils.
Interpretation : Dipa ahi soi ls are moderately deep, imperfectly drained and fine in
texture. They have moderate available moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretatlve grouping:
Land capability subclass Illsw
1rrigability subclass 2d
uggested land u e: Besides kharifrice these soils are suitable for pulses, sugarcane and
vegetables.
ANALYTICAL DATA
106
48. BATI VAN ERIES
107
Range in character; t; : The soils are very deep. The A horizon is ] 5 to 18 cm thick.
Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma 3 to 4. Its texture varies from sandy
loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness of B horizon is more than J 30 cm. Its colour is in
hue 10 YR, and 5 Y, value 4 to 6 and chroma 2 to 3. The texture varies from sandy clay
loam to sandy clay. Mottle are present in ub soils and vertical cracks are observed upto
60 em depth.
Interpretation: Batisuan soils are heavy in texture and have problems of drainage. They
have high available moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IIIsw
Irrigability subclass 3t
Sugg ted land u e : Rice is suitable in kharif season. Pulses and oilseeds are suitable
during rabi sea on with irrigation facilities.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 16 0.32 -
~
3.4 1.1
emol .{+) I kg soil
0.1 0.2 4.8
..6.8 (%)
71
16 - 36 0.20 - 6.2 2.8 0.4 0.6 10.0 12.7 79
36-64 0.2] - 7.0 3.7 0.4 0.7 11.8 14.9 79
64-89 0.18 - 8.1 4.0 0.6 0.7 13.4 16.7 80
89 -127
127 -150
0.15 - 8.5 4.2 0.8 0.8 14.3 17.2 83
0.10 8.6 4.0 1.0 0.8 14.4 17.0 84
108
49. HAGARPUR ERIE
109
Range ill characteri tic : The thickness of the olumn is more than 110 cm. The A
horizon is J 0 to 15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma 3 to 4.
The texture varies from silty clay to clay. The thickness ofB horizon is more than 98 cm.
Its colour is in hue ) 0 YR. 2.5 Y and 5 y, value 4 to 7 and chroma 2 to 3. Its texture
varie from silty clay to clay. Mottles are observed in sub soils.
Interpretation : Shagarpur oils are deep to very deep, imperfectly drained and fine
textured. The available moisture capacity is high.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lllsw
Irrigability subclass 3d
uggested land use : Besides rice during kharif season they are suitable for some
selective vegetables during rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-12
(%)
0.23
(%)
-
.Ca
11.1
M2
6.2
Na K
cmol (+) I k2 soil
1.2 0.3
Sum
18.8
..
23.2
saturation
(%)
81
12-23 0.52 . 11.5 5.5 1.2 0.3 18.5 22.6 82
23 -47 0.42 - 12.0 5.1 1.2 0.4 18.7 22.8 82
47-67
67-87
0.27
0.23
-- 10.5
13.0
4.5
6.1
l.0
1.1
0.3
0.4
16.3
20.6
19.6
24.8
83
83
87 - 120 0.17 - 12.4 5.2 1.3 0.4 19.3 23.0 84
110
so. PUTAGARIA ERIE
111
Interpretation : Putagaria soils are moderately shallow. well drained and severely
eroded. They are fine-loamy in texture and have moderate moisture holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
ugge ted land u e : These soils are suitable for upland rice along with pulses and
vegetables under proper land and water conservation practices.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-13 0.22 -
...
4.0 0.5
cmol (+) / kg soil
0.2 0.1 4.8
•
6.4
(%)
75
13 -26 0.18 - 4.1 1.2 0.2 0.] 5.6 7.4 76
26-40 0. 15 - 4.3 1.2 0.3 0.1 5.9 7.5 79
40-70 0.10 - 4.4 1.4 0.3 0.1 6.2 7.7 81
112
51. BARINAPUR ERIES
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon is 10 to 15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR and 7.5YR, value 4 to 6 and
chroma 3 to 5. Its texture is clay loam to sandy clay loam . The thickness of B horizon is
140 to 155 cm. Its colour is in hue 7.5YR. value 5 to 6 and chroma 3 to 4. Its texture is
clay loam to silty clay.
113
Interpretation: Barinapur soils are deep, moderately well drained and fine in texture.
The have high moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lis
Irrigabilicy subclass 2s
ug e ted land u e: The land is suitable for rice, sweet potato and sugarcane
ANALYTICAL DATA
114
52. KAMRAI ERIE
1 J5
Range in cbaracteri des: The soils are very deep. The thickness of the A horizon
varies from 13 to 19 cm. The colour of the surface horizon is in hue 10 YR. 2.5 Y and 5
y. value 4 to 6 and chroma 2 to 4. The texture of the surface layer ranges from clay loam
to sandy clay. The thicknes of the B horizon i more than 130 cm. Its colour is in hue 10
YR. 2.5 Y and 5 Y. value 4 to 6 and chroma 1 to 2. Its texture varies from clay loam to
andy clay I clay. GJeying and mottles are observed in most of the sub soil horizons.
Interpretation : Kamrai soils are very deep, poorly drained and fine textured. The
available moi ture holding and water retentive capacity is high.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lIIsw
Irrigability subclass 3d
uggested land use: Besides rice in kharif season they are suitable for wheat. oilseeds
and vegetables in rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 14
(%)
0.55
(%)
-
Ca
~
8.0
Mg
2.2
Na K
cmol (+) I k2 soil
0.2 0.3
Sum
10.7
.
16.0
saturation
(%)
67
14 - 29 0.24 - 6.3 2.0 ' 0.1 0.3 8.7 14.8 59
29-52 0.32 - 8.4 2.3 0.2 0.4 11.3 13.6 83
52 - 106 tr - 6.6 1.9 0.2 0.4 9.1 10.8 84
106 -150 tr - 6.0 2.3 0.2 0.3 8.8 10.2 86
116
53. BHARATPUR SERlE
117
Interpretation : Bharatpur soils are medium textured, available moisture holding
capacity is moderate and they have moderate air-water relationship.
Interpretative groupin :
Land capability subclass Yes
lrrigability subclass 4st
Productivity potential
ugg ted land u e: They are marginally suitable for annual crops. They may be used
for forage crops, grasses and forest.
ANALYTICAL DATA
1] 8
54. HANDIGORA SERlE
Range In characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 135 to 150 cm. The A horizon
is 15 to 18 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5 YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture
is sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is 115 to 140 cm thick. Its colour is in
119
hue 5 YR and 7.5 YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma is 3 to 6. lts texture is sandy clay loam to
sandy clay.
ug ted land use: The land is highly suitable for rice, pulses, oilseeds and groundnut
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 17
(%)
0.50
(%)
-
.S.O
Ca M2
1.8
Na K
cmol (+) I kg soil
0.1 0.2
Sum
7.1
~
11.8
saturation
(%)
60
17 - 43 0.27 - 6.0 2.0 0.1 0.2 8.3 12.8 65
43 - 78 0.18 - 7.2 2.7 0.1 0.4 10.4 16.0 65
78 - 93 0.12 - 8.2 3.0 0.2 0.4 11.8 16.8 70
93 - 150 0.10 - 6.4 2.3 0.2 0.3 9.2 12.6 73
120
55. KORIONAL SERlE
Interpretation: Korional soils are shallow and gravelly in nature. The soils are
susceptible to rapid runoff and severe erosion.
121
lnt rpretativ grouping:
ugge ted land use ; They are unsuitable for annual crops. They may be used for
pasture, grasses and forestry of suitable species.
ANALYTICAL DATA
122
56. BANAMALIPUR ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 91 to 117 cm. The A horizon
is 9 to 13 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5YR and 7.5YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 4 to 6.
Its texture is sandy clay loam to sandy loam. The B horizon is 85 to 117 cm thick. Its
colour is in hue 2.5 YR and 5 YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture varies from
sandy clay loam to clay loam. B horizon also shows thin patchy cutans. Soils of
Banamalipur series are medium textured, gravelly and moderately eroded.
123
Interpretation: Banamalipur soils are moderately deep to deep, moderately well
drained and moderately eroded. They are loamy-skeletal in texture and have moderate air-
water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IVes
lrrigability subclas 3t
Productivity potentia)
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low
Horticultural crops Low to medium
Forage crops & grasses Medium
Forest Medium
ANALYTICAL DATA
124
57. BORJODA ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 141 to 162 cm . The A horizon
is 14 to 17 cm. Its colour is in hue 10 YR value 4 to 5 and chroma 1 to 2. Its texture is
sandy clay loam to clay loam. The thickness of B horizon is a 136 to lSI cm. Its colour
is in hue 10 YR and S Y, value 4 to 5 and chroma 1 to 2. Its texture varies clay loam to
sandy clay.
125
Interpretation: The oil are medium textured, poorly drained and have moderate to
high available water holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IfIw
Irrigability subclass 2d
ug csted land u e: The land is suitable for rice, pulses and oilseed crop .
ANALYTICAL DATA
126
58. SAPHA ERIES
Interpretation: Sapha soils are medium textured, gravelly and moderately eroded.
127
Interpretative grouping:
Productivity poteotial
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 -9 0.60 - •3.0 I
cmol (+) I kg soil
0.7 I 0.2 I 0.1 I 4.0 I 7.2
• (%)
55
9 -34 0.24 . 4.3 I 1.0 I 0.2 I 0.1 I 5.6 I 9.6 58
34-62 weathered parent material
128
59. OAR! ERIES
Interpretation: Soari soils are medium textured and moderately eroded. Available
moisture is low to medium.
129
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IIIws
Irrigability subclass 3s
Productivity potential
ANALYTICAL DATA
130
60. BARUHAR ERIE
131
(nterpretation : Baruhar soils are medium textured with moderate moisture holding
capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IlIs
Irrigability subclass 2s
ugge ted land u e: They are moderately suitable for rice. pulse and oilseeds
ANALYTICAL DATA
- •
cmol (+) I kg soil ~ (%)
0-14 0.68 6.0 2.5 0.4 0.3 9.2 12.4 74
14- 29 0.30 - 7.6 3.3 0.4 OJ 11.6 14.8 80
29-70 0.21 - 8.0 3.1 0.5 0.4 12.0 14.8 81
70 - 140 0.15 - 8.8 3.6 O.S 0.5 13.4 16.0 84
140+ Weathered parent material
132
61. BIR INGHA Am ERIE
Range in characteristics: The solum is more than 150 em thick. The thickness of the A
horizon varies from 15 to 20 cm. Its colour is in hue 10YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma 3 to
133
4. Its texture is.clay loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness of the B horizon ranges from
135 to 1SO em with hue) OYR, value 4 to 6, chroma I to 2 and texture si lty clay to clay.
Interpretation : Birsinghasahi soils are very deep and fine textured. They have high soil
water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass llIw
Trrigability subclass 2d
uggested land use: The soils are moderately suitable for rice, groundnut, sesamum and
pulses.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-15 0.48 - •
3.9 1.0
cmo. (+) I ke soil
0.2 0.1 5.2
...
8.6
(%)
60
15 - 35 0.29 - 4.8 1.8 0.2 0.2 7.0 ]0.2 69
35 - 68 0.15 - 8.4 . 3.0 0.5 0.4 12.4 17.8 70
68 - 104 0.12 - 8.8 3.4 0.7 0.5 13.4 19.2 70
104 - 150 0.09 - 9.5 4.0 0.8 0.7 14.8 20.0 74
134
SOILS OF DANDAKARANAYA
GeaeraHties : The region lies between 19°00' to 20°53' N latitudes and 81 °52' to
82°55' E longitude, covering the part of districts of Nowrangpur and Nawapara(Fig 5). It
occupies an area of 0.9 m ha. representing 6.25 per cent of total geographical area of the
state. The region covers mainly with oldest Archaen period of unclassified gneisses and
experiences hot and humid climate. The temperature varies from 19°C in the coldest
month of December to 3 t °e in May, the hottest month. The rainfall in the region
characteristically occurs between June and September ranging between 1250 to 1500 mm.
Usually the period between December to February remains dry. The cropping pattern in
the cultivated areas includes annual crops like paddy, oilseeds. maize,jawer and grams.
The major constraints of the region are shallow soil depth, rockinesslstoniness and
steep slopes. The region. however, suffers from uneven distribution of rainfall which
posses major problem for agriculture in particular. .
The dominant soils occurring on hills, ridges and isolated hillocks are shallow to
moderately deep, well to somewhat excessively drained, fine loamy to fine soils having a
low to medium Awe. They are slightly acidic to neutral in reaction and severely eroded.
They have been classified as Kandie Paleustalfs, Typic Haplustepts, Lithic Haplustepts
and typic Rhodustalfs. The soils developed on gently sloping uplands, undulating uplands
and valleys are classified as Typic Rhodustalfs, Typic Haplustepts, Typic Haplustalfs and
Aeric Endoaqualfs.
135
ORISSA
I JHARKHAND
DANDAKARANYA REGION ~'''_
, \.- ... - WEST
BENGAL
•!-',
\
Mayurbhanj
CHHATTISGARH
* Phulabani
REFER c s ,- .'-
-''-
....../ State boundary
,' ....: District boundary
r Drainage
Physiography regions
[J Dandakaranya
ANDHRA PRADESH
137
Rop I. eUneteriltla : The thickness of the solum ranges from 120 to 180 cm. The
thickness of A horizon is 18 to 25 cm. colour is in hue SYR and 1.SYR, value 3 and
chroma 3 to 4. The texture ranges from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is
100 to 120 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.SYR. value 3 and chroma 4 to 6, texture ranges
from sandy clay loam to clay.
IDterpretatioD: Baharaguda soils are moderately fine textured, moderately eroded and
have medium to high available moisture holding capacity.
IDterpretadve grouplnl :
Land capability subclass IVes
IrrigabiJity ubclass 4st
Su ested land use: The soils are moderately suitable for upland crops like maize,
arhar. pea, kulthi, groundnut and vegetables etc.
ANALYTICAL DATA
Depth Borl- Saad SUt Clay Texture Coane pH EC
(em) ZOD (2.0-0.0S (O.OS- (<0.002 Crag. 1:2.5 1:2.S
mm) 0.002mm) mm) vol. water water
(%) (%) (%) (~.) (dS/m)
0 -1 Ap 65.4 11.1 16.9 sl - 5.8 0.01
7 - 29 Btl 57.3 16.6 26.1 scI - 5.9 0.04
29 - 42 Btl 50.9 16.7 32.4 sci - 6.1 0.04
42 - 74 Btl 48.4 13.0 38.6 sc - 6.1 0.02
74- 101 Bt4 47.6 12.5 39.9 50 - 6.3 0.03
107-150 BtS 30.4 26.4 43.2 c - 6.4 0.03
138
63. TELUNDI ERIE (070 D)
Range in characteristics : The thickness of solumn ranges from J60 to 170 cm.
Thickness of A horizon ranges from 15 to 20 cm and the colour is in hue 10YR and
7.5YR. value 4 to 5 and chroma 4 to 6. The texture ranges from loam to sandy loam. The
139
thickness ofB horizon is 145 to 160 cm. It colour is in hue 5YR and 7.5YR, value 4 to 5
and chroma 3 to 4 with texture ranging from clay loam to' clay. The B horizon also shows
the preSence of clay cutan .
InterpretatioB : Telundi soils are deep. fine textured soils with moderate to high
moisture holding capacity under moderately suitable for horticultural plants and dry land
crops.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lIle
lrrigability subclass 3st
ugge ted land use: They are suitable for upland crops like maize, arhar, kuthi, urad
etc.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 15 0.20 -
~
4.0 1.3
emol (+) I k2 soil
0.2 0.2 5.7
•
9.2
(%)
62
15 -34 0.12 - 6.4 2.3 0.2 0.4 9.3 14.8 62
34-69 0.11 - 7.2 3.0 OJ 0.5 11.0 16.8 65
69 - 104 0.10 - 8.0 3.5 OJ 0.6 12.4 ]8.8 66
104 - 162 0.10 - 8. I 4.0 0.4 0.6 13.6 20.0 68
140
64. KARMARI SERlE
Range in cbaracteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 140 to 160 cm. The A horizon
is 8 to 11 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5Y and 10 YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma 4 to 6.
Its texture is clay loam. The thickness ofB horizon varies from 140 to 150 em. Its colour
is in hue 2.5Y, value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 4 with texture ranging from clay loam to
clay_
141
lot rpretation : Karmari oils are deep. fine textured soils with medium to high moisture
holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Productivity potential
ANALYTICAL DATA
0.48 6.0
cmol (+) /kgsoil
0.1 0.2 8.2
•
13.2
(%)
62
9 - 26 6.0 ,- 0.25 1.2 0.2 0.2 10.0 14.8 68
26 - 67 6.1 - 0.16 8.0 0.2 0.4 12.0 17.2 70
67 - 103 6.2 - 0.10 10.0 0.2 0.4 14.6 20.8 70
103 - 148 6.4 - 0.08 10.2 0.2 0.4 15.0 20.2 74
142
65. DO GARG 0 ERIE
Range In characteristics: The thickness of the solum ranges from 35 to 43 cm. The A
horizon is 13 to 24 cm thick. Its colour is in hue IOYR, value 3 to 5, chroma 2 to 3. Its
texture ranges from gravell sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness of B horizon
is 20 to 28 cm. Its colour is in hue 10YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 4. Its texture is
gravelly loam to gravelly sandy clay loam. The B horizon is underlined by hard rock.
Interpretation: Dongargaon soils are light in texture and have low water holding
capacity.
143
Int rpretadve grouping:
Productivity potential
ugg ted land use: The land is suitable for agro-forestrylsilvipasture and forest
plantation.
ANALYTICAL DATA
144
66. JAMRANDA ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from SS to 65 cm. The A
horizon is 15 to 38 cm thick. Its texture varies from sandy clay loam to clay loam and its
colour is in hue 5YR and 7.5YR , value 3 to 4 and chroma 2 to 4. The B horizon is 22 to
29 cm thick. Its texture is sandy clay loam to sandy clay. Its colour is in hue 5YR, value 3
to 4 and chroma 2 to 4. The B horizon is underlained by weathered feldspar mass.
interpretation: Jamranda soils are moderately shallow and tine-loamy in texture. They
have moderate water holding and water retentive capacity.
145
Interpretative groupln :
Land capability subclass rYes
IrrigabiJity subclass 3s
Productivity potential
u ted land u e: The land is suitable for agro·forestry and forest plantation of
suitable species.
ANALYTICAL DATA
146
67. KOCHNlAMBA ERIE
Range in characteristics : The thickness of the solum is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon in 13-16 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5YR, value 4 to 5, chroma 5 to 6. The
147
texture is loamy sand to sandy loam. The B horizon is 130 to 140 cm thick. Its colour is in
hue 10YR to 7.5YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 6. Its texture ranges from sandy clay
loam to clay.
ldterpretation: Kochniamba soils are tine in texture that have developed from quartzite
n very gently sloping upland.
Interpretative grouping:
ANALYTICAL DATA
Depth Hori- Sand Silt Clay Texture Coarse pH EC
(em) zon (2.0-0.05 (0.05- «0.002 frag. 1:2.5 1:2.5
mm) 0.002mm) mm) vol. water water
(%) (%) (%) (%) (dS/m)
0-15 A 79.2 9.9 10.9 Is - 4.9 0.32
15-38 Btl 53.5 17.1 29.4 scI - 5.3 0.48
38-67 Bt2 50.1 16.7 33.2 scI 6 5.8 0.36
67 - 122 8t3 32.7 18.0 49.3 c - 6.0 0.31
122 -ISO Bt4 31.0 21.4 47.6 c - 6.0 0.24
148
68. PAWARTALA ERIE
Range in characteristic : The thickness of the solum is more than J 45 em. The
thickness of A horizon is 13 to 17 em. Its colour is in hue 10YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma
2 to 3. Its texture is clay loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness of B horizon is 122 to
149
141 cm. Its colour is in hue lOYR, value 4 to 5 and chroma 1 to 4. Its texture is silty clay
to clay. Mottles and gleying are pre ent in the subsoils.
Interpretation: Pawartala oils are deep, fine textured soils with high water holding
capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
uggested land u e: The soils of this series is moderately suitable for rice, pulses and
oilseeds.
ANALYTICAL DATA
150
69. KONAP ADA SERlE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 75 to 85 cm. The A
horizon in 12-15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR, value 4 to 5, chroma 4 to 6. The
texture ranges from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is 60 to 70 cm thick.
Its colour is in hue 7.5Y, value 4 to 5 and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture is sandy clay loam.
Interpretation: Konapada soils are fine-loamy in texture that has been developed from
granite gneiss on very gently sloping undulating upland with hillocks. These soils can be
used for cultivation of wide range of crops.
151
Interpretative grouping:
SugKested land u e: The land i,s suitable for maize and sweet potato.
ANALYTICAL DATA
152
70. NA W APARA SERIES
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solum is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon is 14 to 17 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 7.SYR and 10YR, value 4 to 6 and
chroma 6 to 8. Its texture is sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is 145 to 155
cm. Its colour is in hue 2.5YR and 5YR, value 4 to S and chroma 6. Its texture is sandy
153
clay to clay. Thick continuous clay cutan is observed in B horizon. The B horizon is
underlained by weathered parent materials.
Interpretation: Nawapara soils are very deep, fine textured with high moisture holding
capacity.
Interpretative grouping :
Productivity potential
Suggested land use: They may be used for agro~forestry and silvi~pasture crops with
proper soil and water conservation measures.
ANALYTICAL DATA
154
71. RAlGHAR SERlE
Range In characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 145 to 155 cm. The
A horizon is 13 to 15 em thick. Its colour is in hue lOYR, value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 3.
Its texture ranges from clay loam to ~i1ty clay loam. The B horizon is 140 to 1.45 cm thk-k.
155
The texture of the B horiz{)n ranges from clay loam to clay. Its colour is in hue lOYR.,
value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 3. Mottles are observed in the B horizon.
Interpretation: Raighar soils are fine in teltture and have developed from alluvium. The
major problem of these soils are heavy texture and poor drainage.
Interpretative grouping:
Padd 22 -25 28 - 30
Suggested land use: The land is suitable for rice and variety of crops during rabi
seasons.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-14 0.40 - •
9.6 ~.O
emol (+) I k2 soil
0.2 0.4 14.2
...
24.0
(%)
59
14-27 0.20 - 10.0 5.4 0.2 0.4 16.0 20.0 80
27-52 0.15 - 10.0 5.3 0.2 0.6 16.1 19.2 84
52 - 81 0.10 - 12.3 6.0 0.2 0.6 19.1 22.6 84
81 -150 tr - 11.6 5.3 0.2 0.6 17.7 20.0 88
156
72. GANJAPARA SERlE
Range in characteristic : The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon is 12 to 16 em thick. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 3.
Its texture is sandy clay loam to clay loam . The B horizon is 121 to 137 cm thick. Its
157
colour is in hue 5 YR and 7.5 YR, value 4 to 5 and chroma is 2 to 3. Its texture is clay
loam to clay.
lnt rpretation: Ganjapara soils are deep fine textured and have medium to high
moisture holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
uggest d land u e: These soils are suitable for paddy during kharif and groundnut
during rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-14
(%)
0.42
(%)
-
.Ca
4.0
Mg
2.1
Na K
emol (+) I kg soil
0.1 0.2
Sum
6.4
•
] 1.6
saturation
(%)
55
14 - 3\ 0.25 - 5.0 2.4 0.1 0.3 7.8 13.0 60
31- 56 0.20 - 8. I 3.0 0.1 0.4 11.6 18.8 62
56 - 115 0.15 - 9.0 3.5 0.1 0.4 13.0 20.8 62
115 - 150 0.15 - 11.3 5.0 0.2 0.4 16.9 26.8 63
158
73. DBATJKOT ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solum varies from ] 10 to 130 cm. The
A horizon is 10 to 16 em thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5YR. value 3 to 4 and chroma 3 to 4
159
and the texture i andy loam to loam . Its colour is in hue 2.5YR and 5YR, value 3 to 4
and chroma 4 to 6. The texture is sandy clay loam to clay loam.
Interpretation: Bhatikot soils are deep, medium textured and medium available water
holding capacity and ubjected to moderate erosion .
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lIle
lrrigability ubclass 3t
Productivity Potential
uggested land u e: These oils are presently under fallow and suitable for mixed
forest vegetation.
ANALYTICAL DATA
160
74. PALlA ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solum ranges from 35 to 46 cm. The A
horizon is 8 to ) 3 em thick. Its colour is in hue in 5YR and 7.5YR, value 3 to 4 and
chroma 2 to 4. The texture varies from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness ofB
horizon is 25 to 33 cm. The colour is in hue of 5YR and 7.5YR, value 3 to 5 and chroma
2 to 4. The texture ranges from sandy clay loam to clay loam underlained by hard rocks.
Interpretation: Palia soils are shallow, medium textured and have moderate available
water holding capacity. They are subjected to severe erosion hazard.
161
Interpretative grouping:
Productivity potential
Suggested land u e: These soils are suitable for forest species like sal, teak etc.
ANALYTICAL DATA
162
SOILS OF MAHANADI BA IN
Generalities: The region is located between 19°24' to 22°32' N latitudes and 82°25' to
84°34' E longitude. covering the districts of Balangir. Sundergarh, Subamapur. Barhgarh,
Sambalpur, Jharsuguda and part of Kalahand (Fig.6). It occupies an area of 3.1 m ha.
representing 20. 16 per cent of total geographical area of the state. The region is compo ed
of unclassified crystalline rocks which include granite. gneisses, limestone and other
magmatic rocks. It experiences hot and moist sub-humid climatic condition with mean
summer temperature of 38°C and mean winter temperature of 15°C and average rainfall
of 1600 mm. Rice is the principal crop of the zone constituting approximately 80% of the
cropped area with pulses. millets and oil eeds at places.
The major constraints of the area are undulating topography. severe water erosion
and low to medium A WC. The oils on different landforms vary widely in their
characteristics.
The dominant soils occurring on undulating uplands are moderately deep to deep,
well drained fine-loamy and slightly acidic in reaction with medium to high A WC. They
have been classified as Typic Haplustepts. Aeric Endoaquepts. The soils developed on
very gently sloping uplands and valleys are classified as Rhodic Paleustalfs. Typic
Rhodustalfs. Fluventic Endoaquepts and Typic Haplustepts.
163
ORISSA JHARKHAND
MAHANADI BASIN
WEST
BENGAL
MayUrbhanj
CHHATTISGARH
* Phulabani
'.-'
- -J
Interpretation : Chamardara soils are very shallow, skeletal in nature that have
developed from granite gneiss on moderately sloping hill slopes. The major problems of
these soils are shallow depth, coarse texture and gravelliness.
165
Interpretative rouplng:
Sun ted land use: The land is suitable for forest plantation
ANALYTICAL DATA
0- 7 0.23 - •2.4 I
emol (+) I kg soil
0.6 I - I - J 3.0 1 4.8
• 62
7 - 21 0.21 - 2.2 I 0.5 I - I - I 2.7 I 4.2 64
21+ hard rock
r
166
76. KINJIRMA ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 25 to 39 cm. The A
horizon is 8 to 14 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5Y and 7.5YR value 3 to 4 and chroma 4
to 6. Its texture ranges from sandy loam to loamy sand. The thickness of the B horizon
ranges from 15 to 25 cm. Its colour is in hue 5Y and 2.5Y, value 4 to 5 and chroma 5 to 6.
Its texture is with coarse sandy loam to loamy sand followed by weathered rock.
Interpretation: Kinjirrna soils are shallow, coarse textured and well drained. They have
low water holding and retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping :
Productivity potential
ugge ted land u e: These soils are suitable for permanent forest vegetation.
ANALYTICAL DATA
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn varies from 54 to 70 cm. The A
horizon is 14 to 20 cm thick. It's colour is in hue of 10YR, value is 3 to 5 and chroma 2 to
4. The texture of the horizon ranges from loam to clay loam. The B horizon is 35 to 50
cm thick and the colour is in hue 10YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 3 to 4. Its texture is clay
loam to clay.
Interpretation: ukLapahad oils are moderately shallow and have gravelliness. The
soils are occurring on moderately steep lope and ubjected to moderate to severe erosion
hazard .
Interpretative grouping:
uggested land use: These soils are suitable for mixed deciduous forest species like sal,
mahua. i 00 etc.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 20 0.30 -
~
9.0 2.7
cmol (+) I k2 soil
0.4 0.3 12.4
•
20.0
(%)
62
20-49 0.20 - 12.8 3.2 0.6 0.4 17.0 25.2 68
49-60 0.15 - 13.8 3.4 0.6 0.4 18.2 26.0 70
78. TIT ALGARH RIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solum ranges from 40 to 45 em. The A
horizon is 12 to 16 cm thick. Its texture varies from gravelly loam to gravelly sandy loam
and its colour is in hue 10YR. value 4 to 6 and chroma 1 to 2. The B horizon is 30 to 35
cm thick. Its texture varies from gravelly sandy clay loam to gravelly sandy clay and its
171
colour is in hue J OYR and 7.SYR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 3 to 4. The B horizoll IS
underlained by hard rock.
Interpretation ; lliagarh soils are skeletal soils with shallow depth that have been
developed from granite gneiss on moderately sloping upland of the Mahanadi Basin.
Interpretative grouping:
Productivity potential
Suggested land u e: The land is suitable for forest of selected species and pasture.
ANALYTICAL DATA
112
79. TITILAGARH SERIES
J 73
Rang in characteristic : The thickne s of the solumn ranges from 150 to 160 cm. The
A horizon in 14 to 18 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5YR. value 3 to 5 chroma 3 to 4. The
texture range from loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is 135 to 145 em thick. Its
colour is in hue 5YR, value 3 to 4 and chr Ina 3 to 4. Its texture ranges from sandy clay
loam to clay.
Interpretation: Titalagarh soils are deep, fine-loamy and well drained. These soils have
moderate water holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lIles
Trrigability subclass 3t
Productivity potential
Su ge ted land use: The land is suitable for agro forestry and agro silvi pasture.
ANALYTICAL DATA
J74
80. JLVA ERIE
RaDge ia cb....cteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 117 to 1SO cm. The
A horizon is 13 to 24 cm thick. Its colour is in hue IOYR, value 5 to 7 and chroma 3 to 4.
175
Its texture ranges from clay loam to silty clay loam. The texture of the B horizon ranges
from i1ty clay to clay. Its colour is in hue lOYR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 3 to 6. Cutans
are pre ent in subsoils.
Interpretation : Silva soils are very deep. moderately well drained and moderately
permeable. The have high moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass Illw
Irrigability subclass 2d
ugg ted land use: These soils are suitable for upland rice during kharif season and
vegetables during rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 18 0.58 -
4
9.0 3.4
cmol (+) I kfZ soil
1.2 1.0 14.6
•
22.6
(%)
65
18 -50 0.30 - lOA 3.1 1.8 1.2 16.5 24.6 67
50-75 0.25 - 11.4 3.7 1.9 1.2 18.2 26.0 70
75 - 95 0.18 - 11.4 ' 4.4 2.0 1.4 19.2 26.6 72
95 - 150 0.13 - 11.4 3.7 2.0 1.4 18.5 25.4 73
176
81. BADBANKl SERlE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from I 10 to 135 cm. The
A horizon is 15 to 20 em thick, Its colour is in hue} OYR, 3 to 4 and chroma 3 to 4. Its
177
texture varies from clay loam to clay. The thickness ofB horizon b mol'\! lhall 100 cm. Its
colour is in hue 10 YR, value 3 to 4 and chroma is 2 to 3. Its texture is clay.
Interpretation : Badbanki soils are very deep, poorly drained and fine textured. They
have high moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
uggested land u e: They are suitable for paddy cultivation in kharif season. The rabi
crops with oilseeds and pulses can be grown in reserved moisture.
ANALYTICAL DATA
178
82. BAKRAMUNDA SERlE
Range in characteristics: The soils are deep. The A horizon is 15 to 22 cm thick. Its
texture varies from silty clay loam to clay loam. Its colour is in hue 10YR, value 3 to 5
and chroma 3 to 4. The B horizon is more than 100 cm thick. Its texture varies from silty
clay to clay and its colour is in hue IOYR, value 3 to 4 and chroma 2 to 3.
179
Interpretation : Bakramunda soils are very deep, imperfectly drained and poorly
permeable. They are fine in texture and have high moisture holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Suggested land u 'e : These soils are suitable for rice during kharif season and pulses
during rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
180
83. BADLY ERIE
181
Range in cbaracteri ti The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon in 15 to 30 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5Y to 5YR, value 4 to 5, chroma 2 to
3. The texture is clay. The B horizon is more than 120 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5YR,
value 4 to 5 and chroma I to 4. Its texture is clay. Interesting slickenside is observed in B
horizon.
Interpretation: Badly soils are very deep and heavy in texture. They have high moisture
holding capacity and poor air-water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass fIls
lrrigability subclass 3d
ANALYTICAL DATA
182
84. BUDlDP ADAR ERIE
Range in cbaracteri tics : The thickness of the solumn ranges from 120 to 130cm. The
th ickness of A horizon ranges from 15 to 20 em . Its colour is in hue 1OYR, value 3 to 4,
chroma 2 to 3. Its texture is clay. The thickness of B horizon ranges from 100 to 110 cm.
Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 3, chroma 2. Its texture is clay with intersecting
slickensides.
183
Interpretation: Budhipadar oils have medium to high available water holding and
relentive capacity and medium fertility status.
Interpretative grouping:
ugge ted land use: The e oils are suitable for rice and cotton.
ANALYTICAL DATA
184
85. BARPALI SERlE
Range in characteri ti : The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 em. The A
horizon is 8 to 10 cm. Its colour is in hue 2.5Y, value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 3. its texture
is loam to clay loam. The thickness of B horizon is 150 to 1S5 cm. Its colour is in hue
185
2.SY & SY, value 5 to 6 and chroma 0 to 2. Its texture is clay loam to clay. Mottles are
ob erved in B horizon.
Interpr tatlon! Barpali soi ls are deep, poorly drained and fine in texture. They have
high soil-air-water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IIIw
lrrigability subclass 2d
Padd 20-25 28 - 32
ugge ted land u e! lhe land i suitable for rice and oilseed.
ANALYTICAL DATA
186
86. ARJUNDA ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 90 to 11 Ocm . The
soils are mottled in all the horizons The thickness of A horizon ranges from 8 to to cm.
Its colour is in hue 2.5Y and 5Y,value 4 to 6, chroma 1 to 2. Its texture varies clay loam
187
to clay. The thickne of B horizon ranges from 80 to 90 em. Its colour is in hue 2.5 Y
and 5Y.value 4 to 6, chroma 1 to 2. Its texture varies from clay. Clay cutans are evident in
B horizon
Interpretation : Arjunda soils are heavy textured and have high water holding and
retentive capacity.
Crop
. Farmers practices I Improved practices Productivity
qha-' • potential
Rice 16 - 20 I 24 - 27 Medium
Wheat 13 - 16 I 20 - 24 Medium
ugg ted land use: These oils are suitable for rice during kharif season and wheat.
mustard. vegetabke during rabi sea on.
ANALYTICAL DATA
188
87. ANFAF I SERlE
189
Range in charaderi tic: The thickness of the solumn ranges from]]O to ]20cm. The
thickness of A horizon ranges from 12 to 18 cm. Its colour is in hue 10 YR,value 4 to 5,
chroma 2 to 3. Its texture varies sandy. loam. The thickness of B horizon ranges from 90
to ] 05cm. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 6, chroma 2 to 6. Its texture varies from
andy loam to andy clay I.oam. Cracks 1 to 2 em wide extends upto 45 cm.
Interpretation: Sanfafsi soils have medium water holding capacity and medium fertility
status.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass lIs
Irrigability subclass 2d
uggested land u e : They are suitable for rice during kharif ~ season and wheat,
vegetables etc. during rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
190
. . DUMALPALI SERIES
191
I.terpretatio.: Dumalipali soils are moderately shallow and well drained.
t.terpretattve grouping:
Land capability subclass Ills
Jrrigability subclass 2s
Suaested land use : These soils are suitable for rice during kharif and pulses, oilseeds,
vegetables etc. during rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-\1 0.28 ·
•
4.3 1.1
cmol (+) I kg soU
0.4 0.6 6.3
•
10.5
(%)
60
11-23 0.12 · 3.2 3.0 0.5 0.8 7.5 12.6 60
23-49 0.18 - 4.3 3.3 0.6 0.8 9.0 15.0 60
49 -73 0.24 · 4.0 2.4 0.7 1.0 8.1 13.2 62
73+ weathered parent materials
.-
192
SOILS OF BENGAL BASIN
GeDcraUties : The region lies between 21°33' to 22°15' N latitudes and 86°35' to
87°30' E longitude, covering the part of the districts of Baleswar and Mayurbhanj(Fig.7).
It occupies an area of 0.2 m ha representing 1.33 per cent of total geographical area of the
state. The region is a product of fluvial action (alluvial and diluvial) of rivers of Haldi and
Rupnarayana. The climate is moist subhumid and characterized by hot summers and mild
winters. The mean annual rainfall covers 80 to 90 per cent of the annual potential
evapotranspiration. The length of growing period varies from 240 to 270 days. The region
is intensively cultivated for rice.
The main constraints of these region is poor drainage, salinity and flooding. The
soils and landform conditions are not suitable for other mesospheric crops besides few
salt resistant crops.
The dominant soils occurring on very gently sloping plain are very deep, poorly to
moderately well drained and fine-loamy to fine in texture. They are moderately eroded
and moderately flooded. They are neutral to slightly saline in reaction. The soils are
classified as Vertic Endoaquepts, Typic Haplustalfs, Aeric Endoaqualfs, Typic
Endoaquepts.
193
ORISSA
BENGAL BASIN
WEST
BENGAL
CHHATTfSGARH
•
REFEREr CES
State boundary
District boundary
Drainage
Physiography regions BAY OF BENGAL
Bengal Basin
195
Interpretation: Nampo soils are poorly drained and are fine textured. The soils have
poor air-water relation hip.
Interpretative grouping:
ugge ted land u e : The land is suitable for rice and oilseed crops
ANALYTICAL DATA
196
90 RANTRAPUR SERIES
Ranle in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 121 to 143 cm. The A horizon
is 9 to 14 cm thick. Its colour is hue 10YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma is 6 to 8. Its texture is
loamy sand to sandy loam. The B horizon is 9 to 130 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 5YR
and 7.5YR, value 4 to 5, chroma is 6 to 8. Its texture is sandy loam to sandy clay loam.
Interpretation: Rantrapur soils are light in texture and available moisture holding
capacity is moderate. The soils have good air water relationship.
197
Interpretative grouping:
ugg ted land use: The land is suitable for groundnut, pulses and vegetables.
ANALYTICAL DATA
qg
91.PALHARKOLA SERIES
Range In cbaracteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from t 46 to 160 cm. The
A horizon in 15 to 18 cm thick. Its cplour is in hue 10YR. value 4 to 5, chr~ma 2 to 3.
199
The texture ranges from loam to sandy 10am.The B horizon is 130 to 140 cm thick. Its
colour is in hue 2.5Y, value 5 to 6 and chroma 3 to 4. Its texture ranges from silty clay to
sandy clay loam. The underlying Be horizons is 50 to 60 cm with colour is in hue 2.5Y,
value 4 to 5 and chroma 3 to 4 and its texture is silt loam.
Interpretation : Palharkola soils are deep, fine-loamy in texture that have been
developed from alluvium on gently sloping plain with very slight erosion. These soils
have medium to high water holding capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IIlw
Irrigability subclass 3d
Productivity potential Medium
Suggested land u e: The land is suitable for wheat, potato and gr.~undnut.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-18 0.24 -
~
- 3.6 1.0
cmol (+) / k2 soil
0.1 0.1 4.8
•
6.0
(%)
80
18 - 44 0.30 - 4.0 1.1 0.1 0.2 5.4 6.8 79
44 -9 1 0.20 - 4.8 1.4 0.1 0.2 6.S 8.0 81
91- 133 0.18 - 4.0 1.2 0.1 0.2 5.5 6.8 81
133 - ISO 0.11 - 3.8 1.1 0.1 0.2 5.2 6.2 84
200
92.BHOGRAI ERIES
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solum range from 145 to 155 em. The A
horizon is 12 to 16 cm thick. Its texture varies from clay loam to clay and its colour is in
hue 10YR, value 4 to S and chroma 3. The B horizon is 130 to 140 em thick. Its texture is
silty clay and its colour is in hue 2.5Y, value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 3. Mottles are
observed in the B horizon.
Interpretation: Bhograi soils are fine in texture, developed from alluvium on very
gently sloping undulating plain. Major problem of this soils are imperfect drainage, heavy
201
t xture and low permeability. These soils may be used for cultivation of wide range of
crops including paddy.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IfIws
lrrigability subclass 35
ugge ted land use: The land is suitable for rice, pulses and oilseed with proper
management practices.
ANALYTICAL DATA
202
son.s OF UTKAL PLAIN
GeaeraUties : The region lies between 19°00' to 21°46' N latitudes and 84°23' to
87°24' E longitude, covering the districts of Balasore, Bhadrakh, Jajpur, part of Puri and
Ganjam (Fig.8). It occupies an area of 1.1 m ha representing 7.25 per cent of total
geographical area of the state. The area covers recent and tertiary alluvium and
Pleistocene alluvium at places. Coastal plain is fringed with mangrove swamps. The
region experiences subtropical hot and humid climate with mean summer 39°C and mean
winter 11.5°e temperature. The average rainfall is J 340 mm. Major portion of the area is
cultivated for rice, maize, wheat, groundnut, horse gram, black gram and mustard.
The dominant soils occurring on inland plains are deep to very deep, poorly
drained and fine loamy to fine in texture. They are neutral to slightly alkaline in reaction.
These soils are slightly eroded and have medium to high Awe. They have been classified
as Typic Haplustepts, Aeric Endoaquepts and Vertic Endoaquepts. The soils occurring on
coastal plain and mangrove swamps are classified as Typic Endoaquepts, Typic
Haplustepts and Vertic Endoaquepts.
203
ORISSA
UTKALPLAIN \
...
.~
'- WEST
, _.,
,-
BENGAL
.:>
\
_-- .. }f:' :
•• ,, '<...l':, Mayurbhanj
.' ..... _-
.~ f"& -""...... _,""
.... '[- ""
.'
'-
CHHATTISGARH ~ Deogar
Sambalpur
\.,
, ,
'. .'
\ ........ ,-~....
N ~,
.- ..........
• Angul
* , )
R
' ..' ...
...: ....
ttl :
State boundary I •
tNowrangpur ~
District boundary ~ '. '''I
\."
Drainage
r
Physiography regions
BAY OF BENGAL
D Utkal Plain
\
..... .. .,
-_
...... ANDHRA PRADESH
20S
RaDge fD characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm deep. The
A horizon is 12 to 17 cm thick. The colour of A horizon is in hue 10YR, value 3 to 5, and
chroma 1 to 2. The texture in sandy clay loam to clay loam. The B horizon is 125 to 135
em thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR, 5Y and 2.5Y, value 4 to 6, and chroma 0 to 2 and
texture ranges from sand clay to sandy clay loam and clay loam. Strong gleying and
mottles are observed in all the horizons.
IDterpretatioD: Patrapur soils are moderately fine textured. poorly drained and subject
to hydromorphic conditions.
IDterpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass llIw
JrrigabiJity subclass 2d
Suggested land u e: The land is suitable for rice, mustard, lentil etc.
ANALYTICAL DATA
207
and it is underlained by Be horizon . Its colour is in hue SYR and 2.SYR, value 3 to 4 and
chroma 6. Its texture ranges from sandy clay loam to sandy clay.
Interpretadon : Randiapala soils are moderately shallow, well drained and loamy
'keletal in texture. The major problems of these soils are gravelliness and soil acidity.
Illterpretative groupin :
Land capability subclass [Ves
Irrigability subclass 3s
Productivity potentIa. I
Land Use Productivity Potential
Field crops Very low
Horticultural crops Low to medium
Forage crops and grasses Medium
Forest Medium
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-12 0.29 ·
•3.0 0.8
cmol(+) / kg soil
0.3 0.1 4.2
...
7.6 55
12-29 0.26 - 3.0 0.9 0.3 0.1 4.3 8.4 51
29-52 0.18 · 4.0 1.1 0.4 0.2 5.7 9.6 59
52-66 0.18 · 12.0 3.2 1.0 0.6 16.8 28.0 60
66+ weathered parent material
208
95. KRI HNACHANDRAPUR SERIES
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 140 to 155 em. The A horizon
is 12 to 15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 3. Its texture
is loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is 110 to 140 em thick. Its colour is in hue
209
10YR., value 5 to 7, chroma I to 2. Jts texture is sandy clay loam to clay, many coarse and
prominent mottles are observed in the B horizon. Thin and patchy clay cutans are
observed in the upper part of the B horizon.
Interpretation : Krishnachandrapur soils are very deep and heavier in texture. Poor
drainage and slow permeability restrict the choice of crops.
Interpretative grouping:
Suggested land use: The land is suitable for rice and pulses
ANALYTICAL DATA
0-14
(0/0)
0.78
(%)
- •2.0
Ca M&
0.5
Na K
cmol (+) I kg soil
0.1 0.1
Sum
2.7
.
5.6
saturation
(%)
48
14-41
41-67
0.20
0.19
-
-
4.8
3.0
1.8
0.8
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
7.2
4.1
14.1
7.7
51
53
67-96 0.15 . 4.0 1.1 0.2 0.2 5.5 9.4 58
96- 127 0.12 - 4.2 1.4 0.2 0.2 6.0 9.9 61
127 - 150 0.11 - 4.4 1.4 0.1 0.2 6.1 9.9 62
210
96. DAIAPALLI ERIE
21 I
Horizon Depth Description
(em)
prominent yellowish red (5 YR 5/S) mottles; massive; firm, slightly
sticky and slightly plastic; 10 per cent fme gravels; neutral (pH 6.5)
Range in cbaracteri tic : The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon is 13 to 15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma 1 to 2.
Its texture ranges from andy loam to sandy clay loam. The thickness of the B horizon
ranges from 140 to 150 cm. Its texture varies from clay loam to clay. Its colour is in hue
10YR and 2.5Y, value 5 to 6 and chroma 1 to 2.
Interpretation : Oaiapalli soils are very deep and medium in texture. These soils have
moderate air-water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IlIsw
Irrigability subclass 3s
ANALYTICAL DATA
Deptb Bori- Sand Silt Clay Texture Coarse pH EC
(cm) zon (2.0-0.05 (0.05- «0.002 frag. 1:2.5 1:2.5
mm) 0.OO2mm) mm) vol. water water
(%) (%) (%) (%) (dS/m)
0-14 Apg 61.0 20.3 18.7 sl - 5.9 0.S6
14- 34 BwgI 56.6 22.1 23.3 sci - 6.2 0.91
34 - 55 Bwg2 57.3 22.7 22.0 scI - 6.2 0.74
5S - 80 Bwg3 57.1 22.7 22.2 sci - 6.3 0.68
80 - 110 Bwg4 60.4 19.4 20.2 sci 6 6.4 0.57
110 - 150 Bwg5 59.0 20.7 20.3 sci 10 6.5 0.49
0 - 14 0.47 -
~
1.8 0.4
cmol (+) / kg soil
0.1 0.1 2.4
•
4.0
(%)
60
14 -34 0.45 - 1.8 0.6 0.1 0.1 2.6 4.2 62
34-55 0.34 - 1.8 0.9 0.2 0.2 3.1 4.8 65
55 - 80 0.20 - 2.6 1.2 0.1 0.2 4.1 6.0 68
80 - 110 0.13 - 3.2 1.2 0.1 0.2 4.7 6.8 69
110 -150 0.08 - 3.5 2.5 0.2 0.2 6.4 9.2 70
212
97. NUAGARH SERlE
213
Range in characteri ti : The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon in 15 to 22 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5Y, value 4 to 5, chroma 2 to 4. The
texture ranges from silty clay loam to clay loam. The B horizon is 140 to 150 cm thick.
Its colour is in hue 2.5Y, value 3 to 4 and chroma 2 to 4. Its texture ranges from silty clay
to silty clay loam.
Interpretation: Nuagarh soils are very deep and fine in texture they have moderate air·
water relationship are suitable for various crops with proper management.
Interpretative grouping:
uggested land use: The land is suitable for paddy, pulses, sunflower and water.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 -2 1 0.60 7.3
•
8.6 3.3
emol(+' I k2 soil
0.8 0.4 13.1
•
15.6
(%)
84
21-48 0.54 10.7 10.6 3.6 1.2 0.4 15.8 18.0 88
48 - 82 0.35 15.4 13.4 5.0 2.0 0.8 21.2 23.6 90
82 - 105 0.36 17.3 It.O 4.5 1.8 0.7 18.0 20.0 90
105 - 155 0.20 18.1 11.2 4.8 2.0 0.6 18.6 20.0 93
2J4.
98. KHARASAHARPURA SERIES
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is 143 to 161 cm thick. The A
horizon is 21 to 26 em thick. Its colour is in hue 10 YR and 2.5 Y, value 4 to 6, chroma is
3 to 4. Its texture is silty loam to loam. The B horizon is 120 to 147 em thick. Its colour
is in hue 2.5 Y value 3 to 4, chroma 1 to 2. Its texture is silty clay loam to silty clay.
Mottles are observed throughout the profile. Its colour is in hue 10 YR, value 4 to 5
chroma 3 to 7.
215
IJlterpretatlo.: Kharasarpura soils have problems of poor aeration and impeded
drainage and low microbial activity.
IJIterpretative groUpiDg :
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 -26
(%)
0.58
(0/e)
-
.
Ca
11.0
M2
3.1
Na K
emol (+) I kg soil
1.0 0.4
Sum
14.5
...
19.4
saturation
(0/0)
75
29-61 0.30 - 11.3 3.6 1.2 0.6 16.7 22.0 76
61 - 99 0.20 - 10.2 3.2 1.2 0.6 15.2 20.0 76
99 - 150 0.16 - 11.6 4.3 1.4 0.6 17.9 22.4 80
216
99. BANDHADWAR ERIES
217
Interpretation: The soil depth and slope are the main limitation. These soils are prone to
erosion and hence should be kept under permanent vegetative cover.
Interpretative grouping:
Suggested land use : The land is suitable for agro-forestry and silvipasture.
ANALYTICAL DATA
218
OILS OF MAHANADI DELTA
Generalities: The region is located between 19°45' to 21°03' N latitudes and 85°28' to
87°06' E longitude. covering the districts of Bhadrakh. Kendrapara, Jagatsinghpur and
Puri.(Fig.9) It occupies an area of 1.1 m ha representing 7.58 per cent of the total
geographical area of the state. The region is covered with deltaic ediments of the
Mahanadi river formed in recent times. Pleistocene alluvium occurs at several places
along the coastal tract. The region is subject to heavy flooding causing immen e damage
as 95 per cent of the monsoon rain of the entire catchment basin are discharged through
the Mahanadi delta. It exhibits a hot tropical climate characterized by oppressive summer,
low daily range of temperature, high humidity and moderate annual rainfall. The mean
maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature are 35°C and 22°C respectively
with annual rainfall of 1482 mm . Crops like paddy, sugarcane, pulse. oilseeds. jute. and
tobacco are grown in this area.
The major constraints of the area are flooding, salinity and heavy texture.
The dominant soils occurring on very gently sloping uplands are moderately
shallow to moderately deep. well drained, loamy with low AWC. They are acidic in
reaction and moderately eroded. They have been classified as Typic Haplustepts. The
soils occurring on gently sloping coastal plains. lower delta. and sand dunes are classified
as Vertic Endoaquepts,. Typic Endoaquepts. Aerie Endoaquepts and Typic
Ustipsamments.
219
ORISSA
MAHANADI DELTA
WEST
,.-.' BENGAL
i
..'>
~
CHHATIISGARH
*
State boundary
District boundary
('"<...- Drainage
Physiography regions
D Mahanadi Delta
221
Range In characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 1SO cm. The A horizon is
12 to 15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue JOYR. value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 4.The texture ranges
from silty clay loam to clay. The C horizon is 142 to J56 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR.
value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 3. Its texture ranges from clay loam to clay.
Interpretation: Barapada soils arc very deep and fine in texture. These soils have poor air-
water relation hip.
Interpretative grouping:
222
101. BALBHADRAPUR ERIE
TI'YPIIYln2
of' ped on: B a Ibh a d rapur e ay - cu Itlvated
'
Horizon Depth (em) Description
Ap 0 - 18 Light yellowish brown (10 YR 6/4M) clay; puddled; firm, sticky and
plastic; few fine and very fine pores; common fine roots; 3 to 4 cm vertical
cracks; slightlyacidic(QH 5.81 clear smooth boundl!l)'_
Bwl 18 - 35 Dark brown (10 YR 313M) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; firm, sticky and plastic; few fine and very fine pores; few fine
nodules; common fine and very fine roots; 2 to 3 cm vertical cracks;
slightly acidic (pH 5.~; clear smooth boundl!l)'_
Bw2 35 - 52 Grayish brown (10 YR 5/2M) clay; strong medium subangular blocky
structure; firm, sticky and plastic; few fine and very fine nodules; few fine
and very fine roots; pressure faces; I to 2 cm vertical cracks; slightly
acidic (pH 5.5); clear smooth boundl!l)'_
Bw3 52-68 Yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4M) clay; strong coarse angular blocky
structure; firm, very sticky and very plastic; few medium nodules; few
very fine roots; pressure faces; slightly acidic (pH 5.6); gradual smooth
boundary
Bw4 68 - 86 Yellowish brown (10 YR 5/4M) clay; strong coarse angular blocky
structure; very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few medium nodules;
few very fine roots; pressure faces; slightly acidic (pH 5.7); abrupt smooth
bound~ary_
Bw5 86 - 110 Brown (10 YR 5/3M) clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure; very
sticky and very plastic; few medium nodules; pressure faces; slightly
acidic_{PH 6.02;_gradual smooth boundary
Bw6 110 -130 Very dark grayish brown (10 YR 312M) clay; strong coarse angular blocky
structure; very firm, very sticky and very plastic; few medium nodules;
slightly acidic (PH 6.31; gradual smooth boundar)'
Bw7 130 - 150 Very dark grayish brown (10 YR 3/2) silty clay; strong coarse angular
blocky structure; firm, sticky and plastic; few medium nodules; Slightly
acidic (pH 6.5)
223
Range in charaderl tic : The thickness of the solumn ranges from 1t 7 to 150 cm. The A horizon is t 3
to 24 cm thick. Its colour is in hue SY. value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 4. Its tex.ture ranges from clay to
ilty clay loam. Its structure is massive breaking into moderate medium sub angular blocky. The texture
of the B horizon ranges from clay to silty clay. Its colour is in hue lOYR, value 3 to 5 and chroma 2 to 4.
Interpretation: Balbhadrapur soils are deep. poorly drained and heavy textured. They have high
moisture holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IUsw
IrrigabiJity subclass 3sd
Suggested land use: The land is suitable for rice,jute and sugarcane.
ANALYTICAL DATA
224
102. BHARATPUR ERIE
225
Range 10 characteri tic : The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon in 12 to 15 cm thick. Its colour is in hue IOYR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 2 to 4.
The texture ranges from silty clay loam to clay loam . The B horizon is 130 to 140 cm
thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR and 5YR value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 5. Its texture
range from silty clay to silty clay loam.
Interpretation: Bharatpur soils are tine textured and have imperfect drainage problems.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability ubclass I[)ws
lrrigability subclass 3d
ANALYTICAL DATA
226.
103. KAKURlA SERlE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon is 13 to 17 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5Y, value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 8. Its
texture ranges from clay loam to silty clay loam. The thickness of the B horizon is 142 to
150 cm. The texture of the B horizon ranges from clay loam to silty clay loam. Its colour
is in hue tOYR and 2.5Y, vaJu~ 5 to 6 and chroma 0 to 3.
227
Interpretation: Kakuria soils are deep and moderately fine textured with poorly drained
condition.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IIw
Jrrigability subclass 2d
Suggested land use: The land is suited for kharif rice and variety of crops during rabi
season with proper management practices.
ANALYTICAL DATA
228
104. PRATAPNAGAR ERIE
Range in characteristics : The soils are deep. The A horizon is 12 to t 6 cm thick. Its
texture varies from silt loam to clay loam and its colour ranges from gray to dark grayish
brown in hue 10YR, value 4 to ,q and chroma 3 to S. The B horizon is 80 to 90 cm thick.
229
Its texture varies from silty clay loam to clay loam and its colour varies from light
brownish gray to dark brown in hue) OYR and 7.SYR ,value 4 to 6 and chroma 1 to 3.The
texture of the C horizon ranges from sandy loam to loamy sand.
Interpretation: Pratapnagar soils are deep, moderately fine textured and imperfectly
drained.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass trIws
lrrigability subclass 3sd
ugge ted 'aDd use: The land is suitable for rice, pulses and sugarcane with proper
management.
ANALYTICAL DATA
230
105. NALIBA A T ERIE )
23]
Ran e In character. tic : The soils are deep. The A horizon is 12 to 15 cm thick. Its
colour is in hue 10 YR. value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 4. The texture ranges from silty clay
loam to clay. The B horizon is 130 to 140 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5Y and 10YR,
value 4 to 5 and chroma 0 to 2. Its texture ranges from silty clay to clay.
Interpretation: Nalibasant soils are fine textured and occur on low lying areas. They are
poorly drained and hence posing problem of soil-air-water relationship. Deep and wide
cracks appear during non-rainy periods.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IUws
Irrigability subclass 3ds
Suggested land u e: The land is suitable for rice, cotton and pulses with proper soil and
water management practices.
ANALYTICAL DATA
232
BRAHMAGIRI SERIES (0150 D)
Range in characteristic : The thickness of the solumn is more than 100 cm. The A
horizon in 30 to 35 cm thick and it is underlained by C horizon. Its colour is in hue 2.5Y,
value 4 to 5, chroma 2 to 3. The texture ranges from loamy sand to sandy clay loam. The
colour ofC horizon is in hue 2.5Y, value 4 to 5 and chroma] to 2. Its texture ranges from
loamy sand to sandy loam.
233
Interpretation: Brahmagiri oils are very deep and light in texture. They have poor air-
water relationship.
Interpretative grouping : The Bramhagiri soils are coarser in texture that have
developed from alluvium on very gently sloping plain of Mahananda delta. The e soils
have the problem of coarser texture, poor water holding capacity and low nutrient status.
Kharif-rice and vegetables may be grown in theses soils.
uggested land u e The land is suitable for potato and groundnut with proper
managc:ment.
ANALYTICAL DATA
234
107. BHIMPUR ERIE
235
Horizon Depth Description
(cm)
CgJ 95 - 150 Gray (10 YR SlIM) clay loam ; many coarse prominent dark
brown (7.5 YR 4/4) mottles; moderate medium subangular blocky
structure; firm. slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine pores;
many medium and coarse nodules ~ slightly acidic (pH 5.8)
Range in characteri tic : The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm.The A
horizon is 13 - 22 cm thick. Jts colour is in hue 10YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 4.1ts
texture ranges from clay loam to loam. The thickness of B horizon is ] 45 to 160 cm. The
texture of thz B horizon ranges from clay loam to clay.lts colour is in hue IOYR, value 4
to 5 and chroma I to 2. Mottles are observed throughout the profile.
Interpretation: Bhimpur soils are very deep and medium in texture. They have poor
air-water relationship.
Interpretative grouping:
L&nd capability subclass lIIws
rrrigability subclass 2s
uggested land u e: The land is suitable for rice, sugarcane and pulses during rabi
season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
236
108. DEO AHI SERlE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon in 16-21 cm thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5Y, value 4 to 5, chroma 2 to 4. The
texn..re ranges from silty clay loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is 130 to 140 cm
thick.lts colour is in hue 2.5Y, value 3 to 5 and chroma 1 to 6. Its texture ranges from
silty clay to clay.
237
Inlerpretation: eo ahi soils are very deep and heavy in texture. They have poor air~
water relationship.
ugge ted land u e: The land is suitab le for salt re istant kharif rice.
ANALYTI AL DATA
Depth
(cm)
Org. C.
(%)
I CaCO)
(%) Ca
Exchan2cable cations
Na K Sum
CEC Base
saturation
M2
.... emol (+) / kg soi: ~
(%)
"""
0 - 19 0.87 · 5.3 2.0 2.0 0.6 9.9 17.0 58
19 - 55 0.27 · 5.2 4.6 2.1 0.6 12.5 18.5 67
55 - 95 0.28 · 7.5 4.7 2.0 0.6 14.8 18.3 81
95 - 148 0.44 · 8.4 4.5 2.0 0.8 15.7 18.6 84
238
109. NARSINGHPUR ERIE
Range In chancteristics: The soils are deep. The A horizon is 7 to 13 cm thick. Its
colour is in hue 10YR, value 3 to 5 and chroma 2 to 3 and texture is sandy clay loam to
sandy loam. The thickness of C horizon is more than 105 cm. Its colour is in hue 10YR,
239
value 3 to 6 and chroma 3 to 6 and texture is sandy loam to sand and silt loam. There are
grayish brown mottles and soft iron-manganese concretions in the soil profile.
Interpretative grouping:
Land capability subclass IITws
lrrigability subclass 3ds
Sugg ted land use: The e soils are suitable for rice during kharif season and vegetables
during rabi season.
ANALYTICAL DATA
240
110. BALUKHAND SERlE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn is more than 150 cm. The A
horizon in 16 to 22 em thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR. value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 4.
The texture ranges from loamy sand to sand . The B horizon is 130 to 140 em thick. Its
colour is in hue 10YR, value 4 to 6 and chroma 4 to 6. Its texture ranges from sand to
loamy sand.
IDterpretation: Balukhond soils are very deep and light in texture. They have poor air-
water relationship.
241
Interpretative grouping:
Productivity potential:
uggested land u e : The land may be utilized for acacia and other mangrove vegetation.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 20 0.08 -
... cmol (+) I kg soil
1.1 1 0.4 1 0.3 I - J 1.8 1 2.4 75
•
20-50 0.04 - 1.1 I 0.4 I 0.3 1 -
1 1.8 1 2.2 81
50- 88 sand
88 - 120 sand
242
111. GARHBHINGURA ERIE
Range in characteristics: The thickness of the solumn ranges from 105 to 147 cm. The
A horizon in 15 to 22 cm thick. Its cololJr IS in hue 2.5Y, value 4 to 5, chroma 2 to 4. The
texture ranges from silty clay loam to sandy clay loam. The B horizon is 90 to 110 cm
thick. Its colour is in hue 2.5Y. value 4 to 5 and chroma I to 2. Its texture ranges from
silty clay to silty clay loam.
243
Interpretation: Garhbhigura soils are deep, poorly drained and have high water holding
and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative groupin :
uggested land use: These soils are suitable for rice during kharif season and pulses and
oilseeds during rabi eason.
ANALYTICAL DATA
-
Depth Hori- Sand Silt Clay Texture Coarse pH EC
(cm) ZOD (2.0-0.05 (0.05- «0.002 frag. 1:2.5 1:2.5
mm) O.OO2mm) mm) vol. water water
(%) (%) (%) (%) (dS/m)
0-21 Ap 16.8 48.7 34.5 sicl - 6.9 0.68
21 - 50 BwgJ 7.3 56.5 36.2 sicl - 7.3 0.62
50- 85 Bwg2 7.6 50.1 42.3 sic - 7.6 0.57
85 - 138 Bwg3 7.8 47.7 44.5 sic - 7.8 0.49
0-21 0.80 -
Ca
•5.4 2.0
Na K
cmol (+) I kg soil
0.8 0.2
Sum
8.4 10.6
.. saturation
(%)
79
21- 50 0.30 - 6.5 2.4 1.4 0.2 10.5 12.2 87
50-85 0.20 - 7.6 3.2 1.6 0.2 12.6 15.1 88
85 -138 0.12 - 6.8 4.1 1.6 0.2 12.7 16.5 91
·244
112. PERIMAPADA SERlE
245
I slightly acidic (pH 6.5)
Range tn characteri ti : The thickness of the solUlnn ranges from 90 to 117 em. The
A horizon is 10 to ] 4 em thick. Its colour is in hue 10YR, value 5 to 6 and chroma 2 to 4.
Its texture ranges from silt loam to silty clay loam. The thickness of the B horizon is 80 to
110 cm. The texture of the B horizon ranges from clay loam to clay. Its colour is in hue
IOYR, value 4 to 5 and chroma 2 to 4.
Interpretation: Perimapada soils are deep, moderately well drained and have medium
water holding and water retentive capacity.
Interpretative grouping:
Suggested land use: The soils are suitable for paddy, sugarcane, _pulses and vegetables.
ANALYTICAL DATA
0 - 11 0.88 -
•3.6 2.3
cmol (+) I kg soil
0.2 0.2 6.3
•
10.2
(lifo)
62
11 - 25 0.78 - 6.0 4.1 0.4 0.3 10.8 17.2 63
25 -37 0.71 - 6.0 3.9 0.5 0.3 10.7 17.6 61
37-50 0.65 - 5.8 3.4 0.5 0.3 10.0 16.0 62
50 - 75 0.57 - 5.8 3.2 0.4 0.3 9.7 14.2 68
75 - 100 0.32 - 2.8 1.3 0.2 0.1 4.4 6.0 73
100 -125 0.20 - 2.0 1.3 0.2 0.1 3.6 4.8 75
246
APP NDIX-t
EXPLANATION OF THE PARAM T RS U D
D1STRlBUTION & EXTENT Name of district where soil is more extensive
ALPHA-NUMERICAL NUMBER Mapping Unit Numbers (0 001- 0 159)
(Ref. Soil Map of Orissa on I :500,000 scale)
I
FIGURES (ha) Area Cha) based on its occurrence in these units, (dominant, subdominant)
SOIL ASSOClATION Associated soil with their family classification
SOIL CORRELATION Earlier identified/establi hed soil by other organizations like Directorate of
oil Conservation (Soil urvey). Govt . of Orissa), National Bureau of Soil
Survey and Land Use Planning (NB S & LUP). The soil having almost
similar propenies, under same climate, geology, physiography and stage of
soil development are indicated
.
INTERPRETATIVE GROUPING These are grouped into three main categories (based on soil properties. its
setting,j)Tesent, land use) .
i) LAND CAPABILITY
CLASS I Arable uses, slight or nil limitations
Jl Arable uses, moderate limitations
III Arable uses, severe limitations
IV Arable uses, very severe limitations
V Non-arable uses, slight or nil limitations
VI Non-arable uses, moderate limitations
VU Non-arable uses, severe limitations
VlII Non-arable uses, very severe limitations
SUBCLASS 'e' Soil erosion/loss of top soil/slope gradients
's' Soil depth/root penetration/drainage/salinity/sodicity
't' Topography/landform/landscape
'w' Wetness
ii) IRRlGABILITY
CLASS I Slight or nil limitations for irrigation potentials
2 Slight limitations for irrigation potentials
3 Moderate limitations for irrigation potentials
4 Severe limitations for irrigation potentials
5 Temporarily not suitable for irrigations
6 Permanently not suitable for irrigations
SUBCLASS '0' 'Erosion' - slope gradient
's' 'Soil' - soil depth/saJinity/sodicity/water logging etc.
't' 'Topography' - undulatinglhilly terrain/eroded/ponded
'c' 'Climate' - response to irrigation
ii) PRODUCTIVITY POTENTIAL
• LOW Expected yield reduced more than 50 per cent to the standard
production
• MEDIUM Expected yield reduced upto 25-50 per cent to the standard
production
• HIGH Expected yield reduced less than 25 per cent to the standard
production
EXPECTED YIELD Yield with standard management package of practices under set of
climate and land use.
-, Yield
FARMER'S MANAGEMENT T,J8ditional mediod of soil and crop management practices and land
PRACTICES use.
STANDARD MANAGEMENT Use of recommended/soil and crop package of management
PRACTICES practices under set of climate and land use
AppeDdb-D
248
S. Name Soil Taxonomy Area Correlated Series
No. ('000 ha)
55Korional Lithic Ustorthents 34.50 Nil
57Bot:ioda Aerie Endoaquepts 127.27 Nil
60Baruhar Typic Haplustepts 83.0S Nil
61Birsinghasahi Vertie Endoaquepts 149.65 Nil
Gajapatl
IS Singarazu Ultie Haplustalfs 265.81 Nil
20 Anukundaguda Rhodie Paleustalfs 182.96 Nil
Ganjam
3 Sarakhandi Rhodic Paleustalfs 54.18 Nil
4 Budhakhola Typic Haplustepts 49.74 Nil
9 Birinchipur Typic Paleustalfs 51.83 Kenduguda Series
Tech. Report No.17 (Soil &. Land Use
Survey Subdivision). Directorate of Soil
Conservation Govt. of Orissa.
10 Nagura Typie Haplustepts 842.24 Nil
17 Kumbagad Ultlc Paleustalfs 159.73 Nil
93 Patrapur Typic Endoaquepts 605 .79 Karadabodi Series
Tech. Report No. Nil (Soil & Land Use
Survey Subdivision) Directorate of Soil
Conservation, Govt. of Orissa.
96 Daiapalli Vertic Endoaquepts 206.17 Kalijhari Series
Tech. Report No.219 (Soil & Land Use
Survey Subdivision). Directorate of Soil
Conservation Govt. of Orissa.
Kalahandl
23 Badly Typic Ustorthents 760.82 Nil
6S Pawartala Typic Endoaquepts 240.S0 Nil
SO Silva Typic Haplustalfs 611.95 Tara Series
Tech. 'Report No.S4 (Soil & Land Use
Survey Subdivision), Directorate of Soil
Conservation Govt. of Orissa.
83 Badly Typic Hapiusterts 519.26 Nil
Kendrapara
101 Balbhadrapur Vertic Haplustepts 565.61 Mota Series
Tech. Report No.80 (Soil & Land Use
Survey Subdivision), Directorate of Soil
Conservation Govt. of Orissa.
KenduJhlr
41 Balisahi T}'I)jc Hapiustepts 455.79 Nil
42 Laliahuri Typic Haplustepts 193.69 Nil
43 Raghubera Typic Rhodustalfs 339.99 Nil
44 Nashriposi Typic Endoaquepts 245.23 Nil
45 Kondraposi Aerie Endoaquepts 515.33 Nil
47 Dipasahi Typic Endoaquepts 446.19 Nil
48 Batisuan Vertic Endoaquepts 480.52 Nil
Khurda
56 Banamalipur Typic Rhodustalfs 95.10 Nil
94 Randiapala Typic Dy5trustepts 516.43 Nil
97 Nuagarh Typic Haplusterts 179.65 Nil
104 Pratapnagar Typic Endoaquepts 1573.60 Nil
Koraput
1 Oaradapadra Typic Rhodustalfs 3850.74 Nil
249
S. Name Soli Taxonomy Area Correlated Series
No. ('000 b~
6 Kodabandh Vertic Endoaquepts 1194.42 Nil
14 Anobola Rhodic Paleustalfs 944.33 Nil
16 Pentakona Typic Rhodustalfs 13.39 Nil
24 Karlagurha Typic Haplustalfs 42.61 Nil
25 Bamansuku Rhodic Paleustalfs 28.40 Nil
28 Dumripadar Typic Rhodustalfs 480.94 Nil
30 Bareguda TYQic Rhodustalfs 106.23 Nil
31 Kunder Lithic Ustorthents 190.70 Nil
32 Ledirigurha Ultic Haplustalfs 151.10 Nil
33 Nuagurha Kandic Paleustalfs 531.53 Nil
70 Nawapara Typic Haplustepts 136.07 Nil
71 Raighar Aeric Endoaquepts 190.5 1 Nil
Malkangirl
19 Tarlakota Typic Haplustalfs 292.23 Nil
26 Jamguda Typic Haplustalfs 99.42 Nil
27 Podia Typic HapJustepts 66.28 Nil
29 Podia Ultic HaplustaJfs 489.72 Nil
34 Kotaj)l1da Tj'Qic Ustorthents 53.12 Nil
MayurbhanJ
91 Palharkola Aeric Endoaqualfs 295.64 Nil
95 Krishnachandra Aeric Endoaqualfs 119.12 Motajhari Series
pur Tech. Report No. Nil (Soil &. Land Use
Survey Subdivision). Directorate of Soil
Conservation, Oovt. of Orissa
N.wapara
65. Dongargaon Lithic Haplustepts 136.66 Nil
Naya2arh
7 Mudrang_ Typjc HaI»ustepts 328.24 Nil
II Lowisora Typic Haplustalfs 733 .74 Nil
IS Kothapokhari Typic Endoaquepts 10.81 Nil
22 Hariharpur Typic Ustorthents 19.88 Nil
Nowran2Pur
12 Alguni Rhodic Paleustalfs 8.05 Nil
35 Ramgiri Typic RhodustaJfs 151.55 Nil
36 Dabug_am Aerie Endoaque{>ts 26.75 Nil
62 Baharaguda Typic Rhodustalfs 425.90 Nil
63 Telundi Kandic Paleustalfs 152.09 Nil
64 l<annari .Typic Haplustalfs 101.40 Nil
66 Jamranda Plinthustalfs 138.77 Nil
67 Kochniamb~ Typie Haplustalfs 361.22 Nil
69 Konapada Typic Haplustepts 204.59 Nil
72 OanjaJ)ara Aerie Endo.aquaJfs 126.79 Nil
73 Bhatikot Typic RhodustaJfs 44.54 Nil
74 PaUa Lithic Haplustalfs 121.99 Nil
Phulb.ni
2 Soloma Ultic Paleustalfs 1650.30 Budelgaon Series
Tech. Report No.81 (Soil &; Land Use
Survey Subdivision). Directorate of Soil
Conservation Govt. of Orissa. 1991
5 Dalmunda Aerie Endoaguepts 559.04 Nil
8 Kamenaju Typic Haplustalfs 162.43 Nil
250
S. Name Soli Taxonomy Area Correlated Serle
No. ('000 ha)
Purl
99 8andhabwar Typic Haplustepts 172.69 PenaJa Series
Tech. Report No. Nil (Soil & Land Use
Surv~y Subdivision), Directorate of Soil
Conservation Govt. of Orissa.
103 Kakuria Aeric Endoaquepts 4599.00 Nil
105 Nalibasant Vertic Endoaquepts 4495.70 Nil
106 Brahmagiri Aeric Tropic 469.50 Nil
Fluvaquents
107 Bhimp!!r Vertic Fluvaquents 607.61 Nil
108 Deosahi Aeric Endoaquepts 430.73 Nil
110 Balukhond Typic Ustipssaments 181.12 Nil
III Garhbhingura Typic Endoaquepts 271 .03 Nil
112 Perimapada Typic Haplustepts 331 .06 Shankrakhol Series
Tech. Report No.NiI (Soil & Land Use
Survey Subdivision), Directorate of Soil
Conservation Govt. of Orissa.
RaYE_da
21 Ribolkona Typic Endoaquepts 157.91 Nil
S_mbalpur
37 Jujumga Typic Ustorthents 1493 .19 Teltangia Series
Tech. Report No.Nil (Soil & Land Use
Survey Subdivision), Directorate of Soil
Conservation, Govt. of Orissa.
38 Amdhan Typic Ustorthents 457.27 Nil
40 8hojpur Typic Haplustepts 58.96 Nil
75 Chamurdara Lithic Ustorthents 457.20 Jamartia Series
Tech. Report No.84(Soil & Land Use
Survey Subdivision), Directorate of Soil
Conservation, Govt. of Orissa.
Sundaralrb
39 Modhupur Typic Haplustalfs 119.73 Nil
49 Shagarpur Aeric Endoaquepts 114.35 Nil
76 Kinjirma Lithic Ustorthents 106.76 Lembupali Series
Tech. Report No.84 (Soil & Land Use
Survey Subdivision), Directorate of Soil
Conservation, Govt. of Orissa.
251
Appendix - III
252
S.No. Name Soil Taxonomy Area Local Name
Kal.bandl
23 Badly_ Typic Ustorthents 760.82 Balia Dorasa mati
68 Pawartala Typic Endoaquepts 240.80 Chikita Dornsa Mail
80 Silva Typic Haplustalfs 611.95 Balia Chikita mati
83 Badly Typic Haplusterts 519.26 Chikita mati
Kendrapara
101 Balbhadrapur Vertic Haplustepts 565.61 Motal mati
Kendujhar
41 Balisahi Typic Haplustepts 455 .79 Balia Chikita mati
42 Laliahuri Typic Haplustepts 193 .69 Balia Chikita mati
43 Raghubera Typic Rhodustalfs 339.99 Balia Dorasa mati
44 Nashriposi Typic Endoaquepts 245.23 Balia Chikita mati
4S Kondreposi Aeric Endoaquepts 515.33 Chikita mati
47 Dipasahi Typic Endoaquepts 446.19 Chikita mati
48 Batisuan Vertic Endoaquepts 480.52 Balia Dorasa mati
Khurda
S6 Banamalipur Typic Rhodustalfs 95 .10 Balia Chikita mati
94 Randiapala Typic Dystrustepts 516.43 Balia Motal mati
97 Nuagarh Typic Haplusterts 179.65 Duasa Motal mati
104 Pratapnagar Typic Endoaquepts 1573 .60 Duasa mati
Koraput
1 Garadapadra Typic Rhodustalfs 3850 .74 Balia Dorasa mati
6 Kodabandh Vertic Endoaquepts 1194.42 Dorasa Chikita mali
14 Anohola Rhodic Paleustalfs 944 .33 Chikita Dorasa mati
16 Pentakona Typic Rhodustalfs 13.39 Doresa BaJia mati
24 Karlagurha Typic Haplustalfs 42.61 Balia Motal
25 Bamansuku Rhodic Paleustalfs 28.40 Chikita Dorasa mati
28 Dumripadar Typic Rhodustalfs 480.94 Balia Chikita mati
30 Bareguda Typic Rhodustalfs 106.23 Balia Chikita mati
31 Kunder Lithic Ustorthents 190.70 Dorasa mati
32 Ledirigurba Ultic Haplustalfs 151.10 Dorasa mati
33 Nuagurba Kandic Paleustalfs 531 .53 Balia Chikita mati
70 Nawapara Tyfl_ic Hap)ustepts 136.07 Balia Chikita mati
71 Raighar Aeric Endoaquepts 190.51 Chikita Dorasa mati
Malkan21ri
19 Tarlakota Typ_ic Haplustalfs 292.23 Balia Dorasa mati
26 Jamguda Typic Haplustalfs 99.42 Chikita Dorasa mati
27 Podia Typic Haplustepts 66.28 Chikita Dorasa mati
29 Podia Ultic Haplustalfs 489.72 Dorasa Balia mati
34 Kotapada Typic Ustorthents 53 .12 Batia Dorasa mati
Mayurbhanj
91 Palharkola Aeric Endoaqualfs 295 .64 Balia Duasa mati
95 Krisbnachandrapur Aeric Endoaqualfs 119.12 Duasa mati
Nawapara
65. Dongargaon Lithic Haplustepts 136.66 Balia Dorasa mati
Nayae.arh
7 Mudrang Typic Haplustepts 328.24 Dorasa mati
11 Lowisore Typic Haplusta1fs 733.74 Balia Dorasa mati
15 Kothapokhari Typic Endoaquepts 10.81 Balia Chikita mati
22 Hariharpur TyQ_ic Ustorthents 19.88 Balia Chikita mati
Nowrangpur
12 A1guni Rhodic Paleustalfs 8.05 Balia Dorasa mati
253
_S.No. Name Soil TaxonolJlY Area Loul Name
35 Ramgiri Typic Rhodustalfs 151.SS Chikita Dorasa mati
36 Dabugam Aerie Endoaquepts 26.75 Chikita Dorasa mati
62 Baharaguda Typic Rhodustalfs 425.90 Balia Dorasa mati
63 Telundi Kandic Paleustalfs 152.09 Balia Dorasa mati
64 Karmari Typic Haplustalfs 101.40 Chikita Dorasa mati
66 Jamranda Plinthustalfs 138.77 Balia Chikita Mati
67 Kochniamba Typic Haplustalfs 361.22 Chikita Dorasa mati
69 Konapada Typie Haplustepts 204.59 Balia Chikita mati
72 Ganiapara Aeric Endoaqualfs 126.79 Balia Chikita mati
73 Bhatikot Typic Rhodustalfs 44.54 Dorasa mati
74 Palia Lithic Haplustalfs [21.99 Balia Chikita mati
Phulbanl
2 Soloma Ultic Paleustalfs 1650.30 Balia Chikita mati
5 Dalmunda Aeric Endoaquepts 559.04 Chikita Dorasa mati
8 Kamenaju Typic Haplustalfs 162.43 Balia Chikita mati
Purl
99 Bandhabwar Typic HapluSlepts 172.69 Balia Motal mati
103 Kakuria Aerie EndoaqueDts 4599.00 Motal mati
lOS Nalibasant Vertic Endoaquepts 4495.70 Chikita mati
106 Brahma2iri Aerie Tropic Fluv_Quents 469.50 Duasa mati
107 Bhimpur Vertic Fluvaquents 607.61 Duasa mati
108 Deosahi Aerie EndoaQuepts 430.73 Duasa motal mati
110 Balukhond Typic Ustipssamel1ts 181.12 Duasa Balia mati
111 Garhbhingura Typic EndoaQuepts 271.03 Duasa Balia mali
112 Perimapada Typic Haplustepts 331.06 Duasa mati
RaBad.
21 Ribolkona Typic EndoaQuepts 157.91 Chikita Dorasa mati
Sambalpur
37 Jujumga Typic Ustorthents 1493.19 Balia Chikita mati
38 Amdhan Typic Ustorthents 457.27 Balia Dorasa mati
40 Bhojpur Typic Haplustepts 58.96 Balia Chikita mati
75 Chamurdara Lithic Ustorthents 457.20 Ba1ia Dorasa mati
Sundaraarh
39 Modhupur Typic Haplustalfs 119.73 Chikita Dorasa mati
49 Sha~arpur Aerie EndoaQuepts 114.35 Dorasa Chikita mati
76 Kinjirma Lithic Ustorthents 106.76 Duasa Balia mati
254
APPENDIX - IV
Research Team
Project Leader Dipak Sarkar K.L.Pujari
Regional Coordinator C. J. Thampi R. N. Behera
Project Associates
Image interpretation S.R. Nagabhusana
Soil Survey and Mapping S. Chatterji S. C. Behera
M. S. Debraj Urs K. N. Chari
T. K. Das K. L. Nanda
Kapil Deo Sah M. S. Pandhya
D. Tripathi
Cartography & Data Processing mt. A. Goswami
Laboratory Analysis Dipak. Sarkar
GIS Output A. K. Maji
Technical Team
Image Interpretation A. L. Das
Soil Survey and Mapping S. K. Pramanick A . K. enapati
P. C. Saha B. B. Das
A. C. Das M. Mishra
P. K. Sarkar B. S. Kalo
F.B . Ray
B. N. Chula Singh
D. C. Sahu
B. C. Behera
----------------------------------------~----------~~~~~----------------
Laboratory Analysis Alok Mujumdar
C. K. Shastri
B. N. Ro
GIS Output N. D. R. Krishna
Mrs. K. Kamble
C. V. Srinivas
Cartography Smt. S. Das
R. R. Banerjee
N. N. Biswas
D. D. Bandopadhyay
Smt. K. Mukherji
B. C. Naskar
B. C. Kar
Word Processing B. K. Saha
Ventura Setting Mrs. Wasudha Khandwe
Mrs. Vaishali Kowale
J.SEHGAL
ChiejCoordinator
&
National Project Leader
255
• + Agro-ecologlcal Assessment Of Soil Resources of Rajasthan for Land • #Land use planning of Udaipur distt. SOli resource & agro-ecological
Use Planning. NBSS PUb1.81 . 2000. assessment. NBSS Pub!. 113.ISBN:81-85460-92-2
• +Soil Erosion in Maharashtra. NBSS Publ,82. 2000. • #Soll Erosion in Andhra Pradesh . NB SS Pub!. 114 .ISBN :
• +Significance of Minerals In Soli Environment of India, NBSS Review 81-85460-93-0
Serles-l. 2000, • #Economic land evaluation for sustainable land management of
• + Climate Change and Polygenesis In Vertisols of the Puma Valley Rajanukunte watershed . Karnataka. NBSS Pub!. 115.
(Maharashtra) and Their Management. NBSS Pub1.83. 2000. ISBN:81 -85460-94-9
• A Decade of GIS Aided Research - Highlights. NBSS PUb1.84. 2001 . • +Soll resource atlas of Wardha dlstt. Maharashtra. NBSS Publ. 116.
• +Soil Series 01 Chhatlsgarh State. NBSS Pub1.85. 2001 , ISBN:81-85460-95-7
• #Soil Erosion of West Bengal. NBSS Publ. 11 7,ISBN:81-85460-96-5
• +Soil Resource Atlas of Betul District (M,P') . NBSS Pub1.86, 2001 .
• +Soll Erosion of Assam, NBSS Publ. 118.ISBN:81 -85460-97-3
• +Soil Based Agro-Techno!ogy Transfer in Sukll (Dlstt. Nagpur). NBSS
• +Soil Series Of Orrisa. NBSS Publ. 119,ISBN:81-65460-98-1
Publ.87, 200t
• #Soil Series of Gujarat. NBSS Publ. 120,ISBN:81 -85460-99-X
• + Soils of Hugli District for Optimising Land Use. NBSS Pub1.88, 2001 .
• +Soil Series of West Bengal, NBSS Pub1.89, 2001 , Salt-Affected SoliSof Different States in India
• +Soil Resource Atlas of Dhar Dist. (M,P') , NBSS Pub1.90, 2001 , 1OOp, Andaman Nicobar (3 sheets)
ISBN:81 -85460-68X. Andhra Pradesh (9 sheets)
• #Soll Series of Himachal Pradesh . NBSS Pub1.91 . ISBN : Bihar (7 sheets)
81-85460-69-8, Haryana (4 sheets)
• +Soil Series of Goa, NBSS Pub1.92, ISBN:81-85460-70-1. Orissa (3 sheets) ror a opy, contact:
• +Soll Resource Atlas of Ratlam DIstt. (M.P.), NBSS Pub1.93 , Punjab (4 sheets) Natiuna l Remote
• +Soils of India, ( 1:1 M Scale, 11 Sheets Maps) NBSS Pub1.94, West Bengal (3 sheets) Sensing Agenc •
ISBN:81 -85460-72-8. Maharashtra (9 sheets) Balanagar, l lyucnlhad
• +Soll Resource Atlas of Bilaspur Distt. (Chhattisgarh), NBSS Pub1.95, Kerala (2 sheets)
ISBN:81 -85460-73-6, Karnataka (5 sheets)
• +Soil Series of Rajasthan, NBSS Pub1.96. ISBN:81-85460-75-2. Uttar Pradesh (17 sheets)
• SOli Erosion of Trlpura: A model for soil conservation and crop Rajasthan (16 sheets)
performance. NBSS Publ.97, ISBN:81 -85460-76-0. BOOKS
• Soil Series of Bihar, NBSS Pub1.98. ISBN:81 -85460-77-9 .
• Soils of Ajmer district tor optimising land use. NBSS Pub1.99. ISBN: • +Murthy, R.S,. Hlrekerur, L.R., Deshpande. S.B. and Venkata Rao,
81 -85460-78-7, BV, eds, Benchmark Soils of India: Morphology, Characteristics, and
• +Soil Resource Atlas of Chhindwara DIstt. (M.P.) , NBSS Publ.l00. Classification lor Resource Management, 1962, 374p.
ISBN:81 -85460-79-5. • "Soil Survey Staff. USDA, Soli Taxonomy, Indian Reprint. 1976,
• Soil Series of Assam, NBSS Publ.l 01 , • +Sehgal, J , Blum, W.E, and Gajbhiye, K,S, Red and Lateritic Solis,
• Soil Erosion of Rajasthan, NBSS Publ.l02. ISBN:61 -85460-80-9 1998. VoU , 453p., V01.11 . OXford & IBH. New Delhi, 113p
• #Soil Erosion of Chhattisgarh, NBSS Pub1.103 , ISBN:81 -85460-B1-7 • Sehgal, J , Gajbhiye, K.S,. Batta, R.K. and Sarma, V.A.K., Eds. Swell-
• Soli Resource Atlas of Jadgalpur (Baster) Distt (Chhattisgarh), Nl3SS Shrink Solis (Vertisols) of India: Resource Appraisal and Management.
Publ.l04,ISBN:81-85460-82-5 Kalyani Publishers, New Deihl, 1999, 202p,
• Soil Series of Sikkim. NBSS Publ.l05.1SBN:81 -85460-83-3 (For order, contact: Mis Kalyani Publishers , 1/1 Rajindernagar,
• Soil Erosion: Madhya Pradesh. NBSS Publ.l 06.ISBN:81 -85460-84-1 Ludhiana-141 008,
• Soil Resource atlas of Jorhat Distt,(ASsam) , NBSS PubI.107,ISBN: (#) In Press: (*) Out of stock (+) Available
81-85460-85-x ($) For copies, contact: Mis Oxford & IBH Publ.Co"
• Salt affected soils, Etah DisH, (UP) . NBSS Publ.l06 .ISBN : 66. Janpath, New Delhl-1 10 001, India,
81-85460-86-8
• #Soil series of Nagaland. NBSS Publ,109,ISBN:81-85460-87-6 Note:
• #Soil Resource Information & land use planning of Chhattisgarh, For procuring the Bureau's publications please contact:
NBSS Publ. 11 0,ISBN:81-65460-88-4 The Director, NBSS&LUP, Amravati Road, Nagpur-440 010, India.
• +Soil Series of Tripura. NBBS Publ. 111 ,ISBN:81-65460-89-2 E-mail: director@nbsslup.mah.nlc.in
• +Soil Series of Delhi. NBSS Publ. 112,ISBN:81-85460-91 -4
OILRE OURCE MAP • +Agrocllmatlc Environments and Moisture Regimes in North-West
India - their application in soils and crop growth, Bull.No.H , 1987.
• ·5011 Map of India, scale 1:7 million, 1985. • + NBSS&WP PublicatJons: 197.6-1988, Bull.No.18, 1988.
• Soil Rlsource Map. of: • + NBSS&LUP Publications: 1988-1999, Bull.No.18 (Supplement)
2000. '
- + West Bengal, Bull.27 (Bull. In Bengali Version)
• ·Benchmar~ Swell-Shrink Soils of India-their Morphology,
- +Pondlcherry &Karalkal, Bull.28
- + Gujarat, Bull.29 Characteristics and Classification, Bull.No.19, 1988.
+ Haryana, Bull.44 • "The Soils of Kolar District (Karnataka) for Land Use Planning,
- + Punjab, Bull.45 Bu11.No.20, 1988.
- + Tamil Nadu, BulI.46 • +Agro-ecological Zones of India - 5th Approx. (scale 1:6000,000),
- + Karnataka, BulI.47 NBSS PUbl.21, 1989.
- + Kerala, Bul1.48 • ·Land Resource Atlas of NagpurDistrict, Bull.No.22, 1994.
+ Orissa, Bul1.49 • + Soil Resource Mapping of Different States of India - Why and How?,
- +Blhar, Bull.50 Bull,No.23, Reprint, 1994,
- + Rajasthan, Sul1.51 • • Agro-ecological Regions of India, 2nd ed. Bu11.No.24, 1992.
- +Meghalaya, Bull.52 • "Proceedings, 3rd National Workshop on Soli Resource Mapping of
- + Maharashtra, Bul1.54 (BUll. in Marathl version) Different States of India, Bull,No.25, 1990.
- +Arunachal Pradesh, BuII.55 • + The Solis of Anantnag and Part of Pulwama Districts (Jammu &
- + Manlpur, Bull.56 Kashmir) for Land Use Planning, Bull,No.26, 1991 .
- +Hlmachal Pradesh, BuII.57 • *The Suitability of Vertisols and Associated Solis for Improved
- + Madhya Pradesh, Sull.59(Sull.ln Hindi Version) Cropping Systems in Central India, Bull.No.30, 1991 .
- +Slkklm, Bull.60 • + Solis of Punjab, Bull.No,31 , 1992.
- #Andaman & Nlcobar Islands, BuII.61 + • "Soil Resource Mapping of Different States for Sustainable
- +Jammu &Kashmir, Bul1.62 Agricultural Production: Proceedings, 4th National Meet, Nov.1-2,
- + Trlpura, Sull.65 1991, Bull. No.32, 1991.
- +Assam, Bul1.66 • + The Soils of Bankura District (West Bengal) for Land Use Planning,
- + Nagaland, SuII.67 Bull.No,33, 1992.
- + Uttar Pradesh, BulI.68 • + Micromorphology of Solis of India. Bull.No.34, 1992.
- +Andhra Pradesh, Bull.69 • +Agro-Ecological Subregions of India, BuII.No.35.
- +Lakshadweep, Bull.70 • + Soli Series - Criteria and Norms, Bull,No.36, 1992.
- +Delhl, Bull. 72 • ·Red and Lateritic Soils of India: Resource appraisal and
- +Goa, Bull. 74 Management, BuII.No.37, 1993.
- +Mlzoram, Bull.75 • $Soll Degradation In India: Status and Impact, Bull,No.38,1994.
• +Growing Period for Crop Planning, Bull,No.39, 1993.
RESEARCH BULLETINS • ·Soll Series of India, Bull.No.40, 1994.
• "Glossary of Geomorphological Terms, Bull. No.1, 1980. • "Soil Temperature Regimes In India, Bull.No.41, 1994.
• "Solis of North Eastern Region, Bull.No.2, 1981 . • ·Land Evaluation for Land Use Planning (Papers of Indo-UK
• "Land Use Plan for Development of Bundelkhand Region based on Workshop), Bull.No.42, 1993.
Land and Soli Resources Survey, BulI.No.3, 1981 . • ·Soil Moisture Regimes of India, Bull. No.43, 1994.
• ·Solls and Suggested Land Use of Maharashtra, Bull.No.4, 1980. • + Soil Climatic Database for Crop Planning in India, Bull.No,53, 1999.
• "Soll-Physlographlc Relationship In India, Bull. No.5, 1982. + Soli Climatic Environments In India, Bull.No,58, 1995.
• "Soli-based Agrotechnology Transfer under Lab-to- land • +Soll Based Land Use Planning Series: Udaipur dis!. Rajasthan,
Programme, Bu11.No.6, 1982. BuII.No.63,1995.
• ·Sloclimatlc Analysis of India, BuII.No.7, 1982. • + Soil Monoliths: Their Collection, Preparation and Display,
• "Soli Survey of ICRISAT Farm and Type Area around Patancheru, BulI.No.64,1995.
Andhra Pradesh, BuII.No.8 (rev.ed.) 1993. • +Soll Resources of Goa for Perspective Land Use Planning, NBSS
• "Geomorphology, SOlis and Land Use of Haryana, Bull.No.9, 1983. Publ. 71, 1997.
• + Memorandum of Soli Correlation, Bu11.No.10,1984. • + Land Resource Management: ADecade of Post-Graduate Research,
• "The Solis of Mondha Village (Nagpur) for Agrotechnology Transfer, NBSS Publ.73, 1998.
Bull.No.11, 1986. . • +Soils of Madhubani district for optimising land use, NBSS "'ubI. 76
199~ ,
• + The Solis of Hassan District (Kamataka) for Land Use Planning,
Bull.No.12,1987. • +Soll Resource Atlas of Bhopal District (M.P.), NBSS Pub1.77, 1999.
• "Field Manual, Rev. ed, Bu11.No.13, 1989. +Soil Series of Madhya Pradesh, NBSS Publ. 78, 1999.
• "Laboratory Methods, Bull.No.14, 1987. • +Soli Series of Maharashtra, NBSS Pub!. 79,1999.
• "Benchmark Solis of India: Mondha Series, Bull,No.15, 1987. • +Soil Resource Atlas - Guna District (M.P.), NBSS Publ.80, 2000.
• "Benchmark Solis of India: Pali Series, Bu11.No.16, 1987. continued on inside back cover