Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
GREEN SQUARE
The area has been home to Look for Green Square on a map
Aboriginal people and colonial and you’ll find it in Alexandria,
settlers, a local industrial Beaconsfield, Rosebery,
revolution and a diverse mix Waterloo or Zetland.
of workers and residents from There is no suburb or postcode for Green
all over the world. Square, only a train station and a major
plan for an impressive town centre, with
a state of the art library, aquatic centre,
creative spaces and beautiful parks.
Each suburb and precinct that makes
up the area has a rich social history
and a unique collection of stories and
characters. The area has been home to
Aboriginal people and colonial settlers,
a local industrial revolution and a diverse
mix of workers and residents from all over
the world.
It is vital that the heritage of this area
continues to be recognised. New street
names will come from characters and
moments in local history, as highlighted
throughout this document. The following
narrative provides interesting detail behind
these new street names.
1
PRE–1788
Animals, reptiles, insects and many Green Square was once a sand
birds thrived in this environment dune wetland, covered by dense
which the Eora nation occupied heath and scrub. It was part of
for thousands of years, to fish, the Botany Basin, and many of
forage and hunt. the creeks and pools drained to
Botany Bay.
There was a mixture of freshwater
Melaleuca and sedge swamps, as well as
mangroves and saltmarsh lining Shea’s
Creek. A rich variety of shrubs covered the
sand dunes including banksias and grass
trees, while on the floodplain of Waterloo
Swamp the paperbark would have thrived.
Animals, reptiles, insects and many birds
thrived in this environment which the Eora
nation occupied for thousands of years,
to fish, forage and hunt. Different species
of bandicoot, possum, kangaroo, wallaby,
glider, snake and lizard – known in the
Sydney language as Bunmarra — occupied
the area.
Birdlife included the black swan or Mulgu,
the redbill or Buming, the sulphur crested
from his birds & flowers of NSW, Courtesy of State Library NSW
Birdlife included the black swan or The Green Square area was
Mulgu, the redbill or Buming and important in the years immediately
the Biyanbing, a type of quail. after 1788 because it was the
country linking the two pivotal
places in the early settlement,
Botany Bay and Sydney Cove.
The arrival of the Europeans resulted in
hard times for the Eora who had to compete
for resources.
3
1800s
The expansion of white settlement, The abundant water of the Botany Basin has
and the devastating impact of shaped the use of the area. The ready supply
of water in the swamps attracted industries
smallpox, pushed the Gadigal to the area.
people outside the town From as early as the 1810s, local capitalists
boundaries, towards Waterloo, searching for power sources for their mills
Alexandria and Botany Bay. turned to the Waterloo/Botany area. The
The isolation of the district and relatively reliable water flow provided steam
power for grinding grain and milling cloth.
the wetlands continued to provide
Mills and houses were still surrounded by
food and shelter. Pemulwuy, a scrub, dunes and swamps and were only
Bidjigal man from around Botany accessible by horse and dray, or on foot,
Bay and Salt Pan Creek, became over a bumpy dirt road.
a formidable resistance leader. In 1825 convict-turned-businessman Daniel
Governor King outlawed him in Cooper acquired both the Waterloo Estate
and the Lachlan Estate, some 1585 acres
1801 and he was shot dead on of land.
2 June 1802.
Town & Country Journal, 16 June 1877, Courtesy of National Library of Australia
Waterloo Mills Wool washing Establishment – the Upper Dam,
5
The fleeces were spread out on the
ground to dry naturally, the fluffy
white fleeces covering the ground.
7
In 1874, the Governor of NSW In 1888 the business employed 150 workers,
established Zetland Lodge, most of whom lived in Waterloo district, with
generations of the same families becoming
a substantial house and rope makers — drawing on a multicultural
training stable. workforce of men and women from Greece,
Italy, Germany, Yugoslavia and the Ukraine.
A well-know philanthropist actively involved
in community life, Forsyth was elected
in 1885 to the Legislative Assembly. At
the same time he was a founder and first
President of the Chamber of Manufactures.
He helped found the committee of Animals
Protection Society, the City Bowling Club
and Randwick Bowling Club.
In 1874, the Governor of NSW, Sir Hercules
Robinson, established Zetland Lodge, a
substantial house and training stable set
back from the juncture of Bourke and
Elizabeth Streets.
Governor Robinson was a keen horse racing
man and patron of the Australian Jockey
Club at Randwick. His racing colours were
the Zetland or ‘Aske Hall’ spots, red spots on
a white ground.
One Hundred Years of Ropemaking 1865–1965, Sydney 1965.
The 1880s also saw small residential Fellmongery, St Peters Brick Factory, Warren
subdivisions being established as workers Brick Factory, Baedford Brickworks, Sydney
housing, particularly in the slightly Soap and Candle Company, Co-operative
higher ground in Zetland, Waterloo and Acid & Chemical Manufacturing Company.
Beaconsfield. The Beaconsfield Estate was
subdivided in 1884 and promoted as the The liquid waste products from these
“Working Man’s Model Township”. The Hill industries flowed into Shea’s Creek Canal
View Estate and Chester Estate also date and then to the Cooks River and into
from this time. Botany Bay. High levels of pollution in
these waterways continued well into the
There was a large dairy which provided milk twentieth century.
for much of the Eastern Suburbs.
Father Sylwanus Mansour, ministering to
an ecumenical flock of Greek, Antioch
Orthodox, Coptic and Syrian worshippers in
the 1890s, oversaw the building of Australia’s
first Lebanese church, St Michael’s Melkite
Church, in Waterloo.
Industries operating in the Municipality of
Alexandria in the 1890s included Alexandria
Saw Mills, Sydney Smelting and Phosphor
Bronze Foundry, Quatre Bras Tannery and
9
Typical pottery shop/factory of the time, Camperdown,
Courtesy of City of Sydney Archives
Drownings in the dams and waterholes were Another Chinese market gardener, Sam Sing,
a constant and tragic hazard in the district. worked in this area in 1888.
In 1895, a 10-year-old boy drowned in a Environmental degradation was caused
waterhole at Paul’s Pottery. He was the by industrial exploitation. The systematic
only child of Jessie & Patrick Leonard, and draining and polluting of Lachlan and
grandson of Isabella McElhinney, the licensee Waterloo Swamps and local streams robbed
for the Waterloo Retreat Hotel in the 1890s Green Square of many of its natural features.
and leaseholder of a number of areas rented
to Chinese market gardeners.
In the 19th century, Chinese market gardens
and a branch of Shepherd’s Nursery were
located in a block of Waterloo just south of
Lachlan Street. Chinese market gardeners
were working plots in this block into the
1920s. Tung Hop was identified in the Sands’
Directories as working gardens in this block
1891–1893.
11
Prior to his election to the Sydney Municipal The main race, the Victoria Park Handicap,
Council, Smith was the manager of the was open to all horses and run over
Grand Central Coffee Palace Hotel and six furlongs with prize money of 200
owned Hotel Astra, Bondi, and the Carlton in sovereigns. Victoria Park Race Course was a
the city. In 1901, he was made a Justice of the proprietary race track which didn’t just run
Peace. He was credited with establishing the thoroughbreds, but all horses, and a day at
first electric-light plant in the Blue Mountains Victoria Park was often referred to as a day
and purchased the Imperial Hotel, Mount at the pony races.
Victoria, the Carrington Hotel and two
theatres at Katoomba. Down the cinder track thundered favourite
Chimes, middle-placed Leticia, and outsider
More than 6,000 people, including State Fuse followed by Marsfield, equal favourite
Government MPs, attended the opening Blue Diamond, Brother Jack, Saucy Kate and
day at Victoria Park Racing Club, on Harbour Light trailed by ten mounts with My
15 January 1908. Own bringing up the rear.
On the card were the Flying Handicap and As they raced to the finish, Chimes and
the Encourage Stakes, with jockey C. Naulty Leticia fought it out all the way, jockey
winning three races in succession: on Find J. Bindon on Chimes winning by a short
Out in the Maiden Handicap, Tod in the head, with Leticia second and two lengths
Fourteen Hands Handicap and Miss Mayfield behind in third place, Fuse.
in the Fourteen-two Handicap.
Two women collecting winnings, Totaliser Building 1935.
Sam Hood Collection, Courtesy of State Library NSW
13
Rosebery was developed in 1911
and promoted as “Sydney’s model
residential and industrial suburb”.
17
Opening of Sydney factory of British Motor
Corporation, on old Site of Victoria Park racecourse,
Courtesy of City of Sydney Archives
During the 1950s, the Victoria Park People battled for 24 years to have it
racecourse site was bought by British closed down. This was the Waverley-
Motor Corporation for industry and today Woollahra Incinerator that poured stench
is the Victoria Park residential, retail and and dangerous levels of particle fallout onto
commercial development. their neighbourhood between 1972 and 1996.
The ‘Zetland Monster’ stood a few hundred
By the 1960s, Green Square was thought metres from the current Green Square
of as a convenient place for other Sydney station site.
suburbs to dump their waste. Waverley
and Woollahra councils were permitted to With the decline of secondary industry
build the huge Waterloo Incinerator over since the 1970s, the 20th century industrial
the in-filled site of Waterloo Dam adjoining landscape of vast factories and belching
residential Zetland streets. chimneys was in retreat.
18 STREETS OF GREEN SQUARE
21st Century
19
GREEN SQUARE’S
NEW STREETS
AND PLACE NAMES
THE GREEN SQUARE TOWN CENTRE
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GREEN SQUARE’S
NEW STREETS
AND PLACE NAMES
OVERLAND GARDENS AND DOLINA DEVELOPMENT SITE
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23
BOT
GREEN SQUARE
ANY
DEVELOPMENT
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ALEXANDRIA
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The Green Square ALEXANDRIA
Development Area GREEN SQUARE
RAILWAY STATION
TRAIN STATION
ST
OY
EV
FACILITIES TO BE BUILT
MC
PLAZA
LIBRARY
COMMUNITY CREATIVE HUB
HEALTH & RECREATION CENTRE
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE CENTRE
PERRY
PARKS PARK
BEACONSFIELD PARK
BIYANBING PARK
BUMING PARK
DYURALYA PARK
CO
GARRAWAY PARK LL
D
GUNYAMA PARK IN
R
S
ST
KE
JOYNTON PARK BEA
UR
MARY O’BRIEN PARK
BO
MATRON RUBY GRANT PARK
MULGU PARK
TOTE PARK
BE
WULABA PARK
WATERLOO PARK
4KM AC
ON
SF
TO CITY IEL
D S
TO AIRPORT T
COMMUNAL SQUARES
GREEN SQUARE
3.5KM
D
NEILSON SQUARE
R
NY
THE DRYING GREEN
TA
THE ROPE WALK
BO
CRESC
ENT S
T
ST
BETH
MOORE
G ST
PARK
ELIZA
YOUN
WATERLOO
ST
VOY
MCE DACEY AVE
GREEN SQUARE
NEIGHBOURHOOD
SERVICE CENTRE
E ZETLAND
G ST
N
WLIN
H DO
SOUT
GREEN SQUARE
TOWN CENTRE
ACONSFIELD
ROSEBERY
QUE
EN S
T
G ST
LIN
DOW
25
For more information visit
cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au/greensquare
The City of Sydney would like to credit the Histories of Green Square (2004, UNSW),
edited by Grace Karskens and Melita Rogowsky, as a major source of information for this booklet.