Network Design

Analisis Kebutuhan
Logical Design
 Technology Choices
 Interconnection mechanisms
 Network management and Security
Fault, Configuration, accounting, performance, security
rencana manajemen jaringan

Network Design (Physical)

 Detail, gambar blue print
 penempatan perangkat --> denah, ada ukuran
 Cabling (jenis, panjang, terminal)
 terminal kabel (tempat2 colokan, jenis)

Addressing and Routing

 alamat IP
 konfigurasi routing ==> internet sharing

Service
 servis yg diberikan ==> software yg dipasang
 konfigurasi

Site Survey
 Site survey:
Perencanaan implementasi jaringan wireless
 Perlu proses yg teliti agar WLAN dapat berjalan dg baik:
Menemukan karakteristik RF pada lokasi, area cakupan, interferensi yg mungkin terjadi, dan
menentukan hardware yg tepat.
 termasuk analisis dari perspektif RF, dan menentukan kebutuhan cakupan, untuk
memenuhi aspek tujuan pengadaan jaringan WLAN (termasuk dari segi bisnis)
 termasuk menentukan kondisi & kontur wilayah
 termasuk analisis yg dibutuhkan oleh pengguna
 Tujuan utama:
Menjamin agar WLAN client mendapatkan sinyal yg cukup kuat secara kontinu , walaupun
berpindah-pindah tempat, sehingga client dapat tetap terkoneksi dg jaringan WLAN.
 Dokumentasi hasi survey  untuk dasar desain jaringan WLAN:
Area cakupan, sumber-sumber interferensi, peletakan perangkat, penentuan daya,
kebutuhan pengkabelan,
Facilities Analysis
 What kind of facility is it?  metrik jaringan:
jml server, jml user, kebutuhan sekuriti, kebutuhan bandwidth, kemungkinan gangguan
sinyal, multipath, blank spot, dll

Existing Networks
 Is there already a network (wired or wireless) in place?
o What Network Operating Systems (NOS) are in use?
o How many users (today and 2 years from now)
o need simultaneous access to the wireless network?
o What is the bandwidth (per user) requirement on the wireless network?
o What protocols are in use over the wireless LAN?
o What channels and spread spectrum technologies are currently in use?
o What wireless LAN security measures are in place?
o Where are wired LAN connection points (wiring closets) located in the facility?
o What are the client’s expectations of what a wireless LAN will bring to their organization?
o Is there a naming convention for infrastructure devices such as routers, switches, access
points, and wireless bridges in place?
o If not, who is responsible for creating one?
 It may be necessary to sign a confidentiality agreement in order to obtain network
diagrams or blueprints from your client.
 Where are the network wiring closets located?
 Has an access point/bridge naming convention been devised?

Area Usage & Towers

 Is the wireless LAN going to be used indoors, outdoors, or both?
 Is a tower required?
o If the roof is to be used, is it adequate to support a tower?
o Is a structural engineer required?
o Is a permit necessary?
 For towers that are more than 200 feet above ground level, the FCC requires a license for
installation. A 190-foot tall building with an 11-foot tall tower requires filling out an FCC
form that will then be reviewed by the FAA. The FAA will contact nearby airports and
determine how this tower might impact air traffic. Upon approval by the FAA, the form
goes back to the FCC, who will then do a site survey for the tower. Because this process is
very expensive and time consuming, it is better to avoid installing towers that would exceed
200 feet in height unless absolutely necessary. The FAA must approve any tower that is
within 5 miles of an airport, no matter how tall the tower is.

Purpose & Business Requirements

 What is the purpose of the wireless LAN? What are the business requirements?
 business needs of the organization
 budget, number of users, outdoor connectivity, temporary network access, and security.
 needs of the users: client expects to do with the wireless LAN and what applications are
going to be used over this new network
 documented!
Bandwidth & Roaming Requirements
 What bandwidth and roaming requirements are there?
 How many users are typically in a given area?
 What type of applications will be used over the wireless LAN?
 Are there any non-typical times in which network needs may change for a particular area?
 What mobility or roaming coverage is necessary?

Available Resources
 What are the available resources?
 project's budget, the amount of time allotted for the project, and whether or not the
organization has administrators trained on wireless networks.
 documentation of previous site surveys, current topology and facility maps, and current
design plans are available, the site surveyor should request copies of these plans
 Are facility blueprints available (electronic or printed)?
 Are there any previous site survey reports available?
 Is a facilities escort or security badge required?
 It has been said that RF site surveying is 90% walking, and 10% surveying. This is usually
true, so one should wear very comfortable shoes and make sure that an escort (if necessary)
has plenty of time while the survey is being performed.
 Is physical access to wiring closets and the roof available if needed?

Security Requirements
 What level of network security is necessary?
 What corporate policies are in place regarding wireless LAN security implementation and
management?

Preparation Checklist
 Building blueprints (including power source documentation)
 Previous wireless LAN site survey documentation
 Current network diagram (topology map)
 A meeting with the network administrator
 A meeting with the building manager
 A meeting with the security officer
 Access to all areas of the facility to be affected by the wireless LAN
 Access to wiring closets
 Access to roof (if outdoor antennas are anticipated)
 Future construction plans, if available

Site Survey Equipment

 Access Point
 PC Card and Utilities
o Signal strength (measured in dBm)
o Noise floor (measured in dBm)
o Signal-to-noise ratio (“SNR”) (measured in dB)
o Link speed
 Laptops & PDAs
 Paper
 Outdoor Surveys
Binoculars, comfortable walking shoes, rain gear, different lengths of cables, different
types of connectors, and some method of communicating with someone at the other end of
the link (i.e., a cell phone or walkie-talkie)
 Spectrum Analyzer
 Network Analyzer (a.k.a. "Sniffer")
 Site Survey Kit Checklist
o Laptop and/or PDA
o Wireless PC card with driver & utility software
o Access points or bridges as needed
o Battery pack & DC-to-AC converter
o Site survey utility software (loaded on laptop or PDA)
o Clipboard, pen, pencils, notebook paper, grid paper, & hi-liter
o Blueprints & network diagrams
o Indoor & outdoor antennas
o Cables & connectors
o Binoculars and two-way radios
o Umbrella and/or rain suit
o Specialized software or hardware such as a spectrum analyzer or sniffer
o Tools, double-sided tape, and other items for temporary hardware mountings
o Secure and padded equipment case for housing computers, tools, and secure documents
during the survey and travel to and from the survey site
o Digital camera for taking pictures of particular locations within a facility
o Battery chargers
o Antenna attenuator
o Measuring wheel
o Appropriate cart or other mechanism for transporting equipment &
o Documentation
 Indoor Surveys
o AC power outlets and grounding points
o Wired network connectivity points
o Ladders or lifts that will be needed for mounting access points
o Potential RF obstructions such as fire doors, metal blinds, metal-mesh windows, etc.
o Potential RF sources such as microwave ovens, elevator motors, baby monitors, 2.4 GHz
cordless phones, etc.
o Cluttered areas such as office cubical farms
 Outdoor Surveys
o Trees, buildings, lakes, or other obstructions between link sites
o If in winter, locate trees that will grow leaves during other seasons and may interfere with
the RF link
o Visual and RF line of sight between transmitter and receiver
o Link distance (note: if greater than 7 miles, calculate compensation for Earth bulge)
o Weather hazards (wind, rain, snow, lightning) common to the area
o Tower accessibility, height, or need for a new tower
o Roof accessibility, height
 RF Information Gathering
o Range & coverage patterns
 o Data rate boundaries
o Documentation
o Throughput tests & capacity planning
o Interference sources
o Wired data connectivity & AC power requirements
o Outdoor antenna placement
o Spot checks
 Interference Sources
o Are there any existing wireless LANs in use in or near the facility?
o Are there any plans for future wireless LAN installations other than the one in question?
o If this is a multi-tenant building, are there any other organizations within the building
that have wireless LANs or sources of RF? Are any other organizations planning wireless
LAN implementations?
o Are there any other common sources of RF interference in the 2.4 GHz band in use in the
facility?
o In case 802.11a networks are to be installed, are there any RF sources in the 5 GHz range?
 Obstacle-Induced Signal Loss

 Wired Data Connectivity & AC Power Requirements

o Is AC power available?
o Is grounding available?
o Is wired network connectivity available?
o Are there physical obstructions?
 Outdoor Antenna Placement

Site Survey Reporting

 RF Coverage Areas
 Throughput
 Interference
 Problem Areas
 Drawings
 Hardware placement & configuration information
o What is the name of each manageable device?
o Where and how should each access point and bridge be placed or mounted for maximum
effectiveness?
o What channels should each access point be on?
o How much output power should each access point deliver?
 o RF site survey report:
 Name of the device
 Location within facility
 Antenna type to be used
 Power output settings
 Connectors & cables to be used
 Antenna mount type to be used
 How power should be provided to unit
 How data should be provided to unit
 Picture of location where unit is to be installed
 Additional Reporting
o Which manufacturers make appropriate products for this environment and what those
particular products are.
o Which security solution makes sense for this environment and how to implement it.
o Detailed diagrams and drawings on how to implement the suggested solutions.
o Cost and time involved to implement the suggested solutions.
o Details of how each wireless LAN requirement listed in the RF Site Survey
o Report will be met (item-by-item) in the suggested solution.