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The main processes ......................................................................................................................... 2
The TST$PROC ................................................................................................................................. 3
General about current measurement in the AK 200 S .............................................................................................................. 3
Reference current measurement (State 0) .............................................................................................................................. 3
FLVA test (State 1) .............................................................................................................................. 4
Safe bus test in the FM (State 2-4) .............................................................................................................................. 4
Sub process TST$SAFE$BUS$HIGH$PROC ............................................................................................................. 5
Valves, fluid pump motor and fan motor test (State 5) ............................................................................................................ 5
Sub process TST$VALVE$CURR$PROC. .................................................................................................................. 6
Test of water supply (State 6-7) .............................................................................................................................. 9
Test of stirrer motor (State 8-9) .............................................................................................................................. 9
Safety by pass test (State 10-13) ............................................................................................................................ 10
Degassing level regulation test (State 14) ............................................................................................................................ 11
Synchronization state ( with COND$PRS$TST$PROC) (State 15) ............................................................................................ 11
SelectCart priming (and SelectBag priming) (state 16) .......................................................................................................... 12
Sub process TST$NACL$PRIM$PROC .................................................................................................................. 12
Main flow select state (State 17) ............................................................................................................................ 14
Sub process MAIN$FLOW$SELECT$PROC ............................................................................................................ 14
Degassing motor test (State 18) ............................................................................................................................ 15
Raise the deairating level (State 19) ............................................................................................................................ 16
Raising the conductivity (State 20) ............................................................................................................................ 16
External tubes fillup (State 21) ............................................................................................................................ 16
Preparation for leakage test (State 22-23) ............................................................................................................................ 18
Leakage test of DIVA, TAVA and HDVA and test of correlation between HPG, SAG and PD. (State 24) ..................................... 19
Blood leak detector test (results from CPU P) ....................................................................................................................... 20
Sub process LEAK$TEST$PROC ........................................................................................................................... 21
The sub process ......................................................................................................... 21
The actual pump calibration ....................................................................................... 22
The restrictor calibration ........................................................................................... 22
The procedure ............................................................................................................ 23
Normal operation ....................................................................................................... 23
Service log array variables ........................................................................................ 23
Error messages.......................................................................................................... 23
The sub process to state 1 (Sub process LEAK$TST) .................................................. 24
Lowering the deairating level (State 25-27) ........................................................................................................................... 30
The finish of the TST$PROC (State 28) ............................................................................................................................ 31
BiCart priming (and Top Priming if preset) (State 29) ............................................................................................................. 31
Sub process TST$BICART$PRIMING$PROC .......................................................................................................... 32
BiCart bubble trap refilling ............................................................................................................................ 34
Top priming ............................................................................................................................ 34
Handling technical errors (State 31-33) ............................................................................................................................ 35
TST$TEMPERATURE$PROC ............................................................................................................. 36
TST$TEMPERATURE$PROC
Flow chart ............................................................................................................................ 36
COND$PRS$TST$PROC ................................................................................................................... 38
Flow chart ............................................................................................................................ 38
Logging the Conductivity test ............................................................................................................................ 41
FRN test (Flow Restrictor Node) ..................................................................................................... 42
The actual test ............................................................................................................................ 43
The syncronization of the FRN-Leak test. ............................................................................................................................ 44
The FRN MF (Main Flow) supervision test ....................................................................................... 46
The actual test ............................................................................................................................ 46
The synchronization of the MF-Leak test ............................................................................................................................ 48
Blood part
Fluid part TST$PROC SP(004)
Fluid temperature part TST$TEMPERATURE$PROC SP(028)
Fluid conductivity part COND$PRS$TST$PROC
Here is an overview that shows when the different test process are performed in the fluid
monitor. The different process are more closely described in this chapter.
If any of the test fails during functional check the monitor will neve
never reach treatment
mode.
30 - 33 Technical error
The current is calculated from the voltage that is measured over a reference resistor. There
are several resistors. The measurement is done by turning on a new function and then
measuring the increase in voltage. The voltage is then recalculated to a current. The increase
of current is the current consumption of the device that is tested. Picture below describe
how the valves are tested, but the same principals for current applies to other devices as
well, like motors.
24 V 24 V 24 V 24 V
IR
Reference IR= V
V R
resistor
R
State 0 = TST$VALVE$CURR$REF$SET
All valves are closed and the current through the valves is measured and stored in the vari-
able FRI(FI_VALVE$CURR). The current is sampled five times and the values should not
differ more than 5 mA.
The current through the stirring motor and fan motor (FM) is checked and stored in this
state (three samples).
The measured reference values will be named IR in the rest of this chapter.
State 1 = TST$FLVA$CURR
The FLVA must be tested separately – before the INVA – otherwise there may be a high
water level alarm. Test is done during maximum 4 seconds or until the criteria are met.
FLVA current - Valve Ref Current
> 200 mA < 400 mA
CPU Q
Blood Com
DPRAM
F
node FPGA
pump
logic Select FRN
DIVA
CPU F superv. node
FM 32 MHz
TAVA
INVA
Reset Safe
logic
bus Flow
Pumps
Voltage In/Out
Super-
vision
State 2 = TST$SAFE$BUS$LOW
The safe bus is set to LOW (no current) and the monitor tries to open the valves, INVA and
DIVA. The current is measured.
State 3 = TST$WAIT$FOR$BM$LOW$TEST
The monitor waits for the safe bus test in the BM to be finished.
State 4 = TST$SAFE$BUS$HIGH
CPU Q
Blood Com
DPRAM
F
node FPGA
pump
logic Select FRN
DIVA
CPU F superv. node
FM 32 MHz
TAVA
INVA
Reset Safe
logic
bus Flow
Pumps
Voltage In/Out
Super-
vision
State 0 = TST$DIVA$TAVA$CURR
DIVA and TAVA are opened and the current is measured as soon as safe bus is high. (current)
Valve Current -Valve Ref Current >400 mA and <900 mA. FCN 4.21 27X
State 1 = TST$TAVA$CURR
State 2 = TST$DIVA$CURR
State 3 = TST$INVA$CURR
State 5 = TST$VALVE$CURR
The measurement is done according to picture below. Note that INVA is open during the
whole procedure and is used as an offset for all measurements.
State 0 = TST$INVA$CURR$REF$SET
INVA is opened and the current is measured and used as set value for the rest of the sub
process. The next state is depending on if the monitor is a standard AK 200 S, or
an ULTRA S.
State 1 = TST$HDVA$CURR
This test is performed if Online hardware is installed (ULTRA S). The test is performed for
maximum 4 seconds or until the criteria is met.
State 3 = TST$CWVA$CURR
State 4 = TST$PAVA$CURR$WAIT
Duo cart hardware (BiCart Select) is installed. PAVA is opened in test mode.
State 5 = TST$PAVA$CURR
State 6 = TST$FAN$CURR
The fan motor current is measured (FM fan). Reference is the same as in valves test. Contin-
ues for maximum 4 seconds or until criteria is fulfilled.
State 7 = TST$BYVA$CURR
EVVA, EMVA, RFVA, PBVA, FOVA, ZEVA, DRVA, BCVA and TPVA are tested in the same way as in
state 1.
State 17 = WAIT$CPU$C$TAVA$CLOSED
CPU F closes TAVA with node Q and reference value is taken, IR. Valve closed and current is
measured. The reference is used in the next test.
State 18 = TST$CPU$C$TAVA$CLOSED
Monitor (CPU F) tries to open the TAVA when CPU Q keeps it closed.
IV-IR< 50 mA
State 19 = WAIT$CPU$C$DIVA$CLOSED
CPU F closes DIVA with node Q and reference value is taken, IR. Valve closed and current is
measured. The reference is used in the next test.
State 20 = TST$CPU$C$DIVA$CLOSED
Monitor (CPU F) tries to open the DIVA when node Q keeps it closed.
IV-IR< 50 mA
State 21 = TST$C$DIVA$OPEN
State 6 = TST$FILL$HV$VESSEL
INVA opens and the monitor tries to fill the heating vessel until heating vessel NOT low
level.
NOT low level in heating vessel (>650 ml) or time out 3 min.
State 7 = TST$WATER$ATTN$0
The first of four water attentions, which are spread over the Fch. The test will issue an
attention and also try to fill up the heating vessel (NOT low level). The reason for the multi-
ple tests is that if the monitor can not uphold the water level the TST$PROC only jumps
back to nearest water attention and thereby only a few tests must be redone.
State 8 = TST$FILL$STIRR$PUMP
Wait 3 seconds for stirrer pump to fill up with water to enable a correct test of the current
to stirring motor .
State 9 = TST$STIRR$MOTOR
The stirrer motor is enabled and the current is measured, IM. IR is measured when the motor
is disabled in state 0. The test is done during 4 seconds and during this time the current
must rise according to the criteria and stay there for 4 seconds.
FCN 4.21 151/152 will not be issued but describes the test. It can be logged as a variable,
see below.
The result is stored in variable: FRL(F_STIR$MOTOR$CUR$FAIL). True means that the test
failed. Also found as SRL(062). Check SRL(062), if true then start trouble shooting on the
stirrer motor. The probable cause is a defect stirrer motor.
State 10 = TST$FILL$PUMP$IN
A flow is needed to fill up the flow input pump to be able to create a negative pressure
which is used in state 13. The state continues until the level in the deairating chamber is
more than 40 mm ( SRI(027) ). The flow pumps are running and EVVA is opened.
State 11 = TST$STOP$PUMPS
Flow in and out pumps are stopped to avoid pressure spikes in state 13 when BYVA is
closed. This state continues for 3 seconds just to let the flow fade in the monitor.
State 12 = TST$WATER$ATTN$1
The second of four water attentions, see state 7 for more details.
The monitor has a problem with upholding the level in the heating vessel. Level is low
( <650 ml ). Trying to fill up heating vessel and an attention is issued.
State 13 = TST$CHECK$SAFETY$BYPASS
Flow in pump is regulated to create a negative pressure, -100 mmHg by the PD transducer.
When the pressure on SAG transducer is -50 mmHg the monitor has acknowledged that the
safety couplings are in safety bypass. If the test fails an attention will be issued.
Flow output P
Flow
Flow input
Flow
Input
pressure output
pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
pressure P EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
2 1
Regulated by PD
Deairating
chamber
PD set value P TAVA P HPG
-100 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
State 14 = DEGASS$LEVEL$WAIT
Monitor tries to regulate the level to 50 mm +/-15 mm. This is done with the recirculation
valve. If the level has been incorrect for more than 5 minutes an error code will be issued.
State 15 = WAIT$LOW$COND$TST
State 16 = TST$NACL$PRIM
Priming of the SelectCart if a BiCart Select alternative is selected. The monitor runs a sub
process called TST$NACL$PRIM$PROC.This sub-process is controlled by TST$PROC (main
process) in comination with NACL$CART$PRIME$PROC that is controlled by the process
START$FLUID$COMP$PROC and as soon as the priming of the SelectCart is ready the
controlling process continues.
At the same time the priming of the SelectBag is started. The Select bag flow will be set to
10 ml/min for60 seconds and then the flow will be the normal flow corresponding to the
main flow.
Non-return
valve Level
LDVA
Detector
Control pump
Select
Cart
Protective pump
Select
Bag
Filter
If the priming of the SelectBag times out, 60 s, the priming will be stopped to wait for the
machine to perform the High Cond test of the Conductivity cells. If the High test is ready
and the priming of the SelectBag is not done, 60 seconds has passed and the level in level
detector is not stable. Then the priming will be restarted and will continue until the
SelectBag is primed or has timed out (300 seconds). If it times out the priming is inter-
rupted and the monitor will try to prime again when the Fch is done. Finally it will end up
as an “INCORRECT SelectBag FLOW” attention if the level is not raised in the level detector
chamber.
Waiting state, will not start the process until the latches are opened.
State 1 = TST$NACL$PRE$PRIM
Fluid monitor runs until conductivity A is < 2 mS/cm and temperature is > 32 oC.
During 90 seconds PAVA and DRVA opens. The degassing pump start sucking the main flow
through the restrictor that is connected in parallel with PAVA . This will create a suction
through the SelectCart. The valves closes if the conductivity A is more than 30 mS/cm for
more than 5 seconds, the priming has been successful.
DRVA
Water Cond
T cell "A"
filter T T P
Degassing
pressure
Non-return
valve Level
LDVA
Detector
Control pump
Select
Cart
Protective pump
Select
Bag
Filter
State 3 = TST$NACL$PRIM$ATTN
An attention is issued. To redo the priming, close and reopen the SelectCart latches.
State 4 = TST$NACL$PRE$PRIM$WATER$ATTN
State 17 = MAIN$FLOW$SELECT
Conductivity now needs to be >5 mS/cm. The time-out for this is 2 minutes – sufficiently
long time to give the machine a chance to raise conductivity after the attention,
e.g. “A – PICK UP TUBE IMPROPER POSITION”. Otherwise attention alarm:
State 2 = SETABLE$FLOW
The Flow out pressure is then set to -350 mmHg. The flow in channel 1 is measured. The
value is rounded off to the nearest 25 ml/min fraction and is stored in RAM. It becomes the
high limit for the variable flow. The value will be the main flow set value used in the Fch.
The value will be stored in state 24 to an E2PROM. The maximum flow will be displayed if
Fluid flow button is pressed as maximum value. Until state 24 is passed the displayed value
will be the one from the previous Fch (E2PROM).
Example: If the measured flow is 722 ml/min, the maximum mainflow is set to 700 ml/min.
The preset (XP) main flow set value (default 500 ml/min) is then copied into the variable
(FRI(FI_MAIN$FL$SET) and the flow is regulated to that value.
Conditions:
The following Technical Alarm error messages apply to the main flow select procedure:
State 18 = TST$DEGASS$MOTOR
The degassing pump is started and the level in the degassing chamber is regulated
(50 mm) and the degassing pressure is checked. This is done during 3 seconds to make sure
the regulation is OK. Then the current to degassing motor is measured. Test lasts until the
criteria is met or time out, 4 seconds.
At the same time the high conductivity test is started in the conductivity test (See
COND$TST$PROC).
R ecirc. E xpansion
valve chamber Degassing
M Degassing pump
restrictor
Set value
50 mm
P
Degassing
Degassing level
pressure detector
State 19 = TST$RAISE$DEAIR$LVL
The EVVA is kept open and the flow input pump raises the level in the deairating chamber
until the level is higher than 68.5 mm. A high level signal is generated.
State 20 = TST$COND$ATTN$0
The conductivity is raised to more than 5.0 mS/cm. This is done by the concentrate A pump
if BiCart concentrate or if a BiCart Select concentrate is chosen. If acetate is chosen the B
pump will raise the conductivity.
If the conductivity is not risen to correct level with in 2 minutes an attention is displayed
and the process will wait at this state until conductivity is above 5 mS/cm.
state 21 = TST$EXT$TUBES$FILLUP
In this state, the tube from the deairatingchamber to EVVA is filled up with fluid. The delay
time is 20 seconds for a standard AK 200 S, and 60 seconds for an AK 200 ULTRA S or an
AK 200 S with UFD-Kit. If the monitor is an ULTRA (On-line hardware installed) the tem-
perature in the fluid monitor (Cond cell B) must be more than 20 oC before it jumps to the
next state. To give as stable flow as possible during the high test of the conductivity cells the
program will not continue from state 21 until the high test is done. If acetate is chosen the
high test is not performed and so the syncronisation is unnecessary and hence not per-
formed.
CWVA
EVVA
EXT$TUBE$FILLUP HDVA
DEAIRATING FIVA
LEVEL
PD P DETECTOR
ULTRA filter
(U 8000 S)
State 22 = TST$PSAGS$ACH
This is a preparation for the state 24, leakage test. The test checks that the fluid connectors
are in safety by pass. The pressure is regulated to +100 mmHg on HPG. The SAG-pressure
>50 mmHg. BYVA and TAVA are opened and DIVA is kept open. Test time 30 seconds. If the
test fails, it will go to state 34 and it displays an attention. After confirmation in state 34 the
Fch will continue from state 13.
FOVA
Flow output P
Flow
pressure Flow
output
Flow input Input
EMVA ZEVA
pump
Pump
pressure P EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
2 1
Regulated by HPG
Deairating
chamber
P TAVA P HPG
SET
BYVA 100 mmHG
DIVA
State 23 = TST$WATER$ATTN$3
The third of four water attentions, see state 7 for more details.
At the same time as the Leak test is performed the FRN test is performed. See special table
about how the tests are timed and coordinated after FRN test paragraph.
The Leak test and the FRN test are performed differently depending on if the preset for
limited UF supervision (Main flow supervision, MF) is set or not. Depending how the
presetting is done some modes in TMP mode might be blocked. See table below.
State 24 = LEAK$TEST
FRL(F_BLLK$TEST$RQ)=TRUE
CPU F requests CPU P to test the blood leak detector. This test is (started) run in the back-
ground and the Fch continues. The test starts at the same time as state 24, LEAK$TEST. After
the test the blood leak will become inactive, LED on reduced light but no alarms. It will be
reactivated as soon as fluid connectors have been out of safety bypass for more then one
minute. No alarms will be issued until the connectors have been off for one minute and the
priming detector detects blood.
The reduced lights test is repeated every 5 minutes during treatment.
FCN 1.18 005 If level <-20 during max test. (LED on)
FCN 1.18 001 If the level is <95 during the reduced light test.
If the test fails during fch, lit LED test (>60) then:
State 0 State 0
Flow is set according Flow is set according
to state 17. to state 17.
(maximum flow). (maximum flow).
Signals FRN to start the test. Signals MF to start the test.
State 1 State 1
Low pressure pump calibration. Low pressure pump calibration.
LowPressure correlation. LowPressure correlation.
Trap low pressure (DIVA, TAVA) Trap low pressure (DIVA, TAVA)
PRS performs low pressure test PD PRS performs low pressure test PD
State 2 State 2
PRS performs high pressure test PD. PRS performs high pressure test PD.
High pressure pump calibration. High pressure pump calibration.
Leak test of valves. Leak test of valves.
High Pressure correlation. High Pressure correlation.
Offset taration of the UF cell (and FRN). Offset taration of the UF cell.
High Pressure correlation. High Pressure correlation.
State 3 State 3
Trap high pressure (DIVA, TAVA). Trap high pressure (DIVA, TAVA).
Leak test of valves. Leak test of valves.
Differential taration of the UF cell Differential taration of the UF cell
FRN performes high flow test.
FRN performes taration.
State 12
Flow is controlled to maximum
State 4 MF performes high flow test
Reduce flow.
Reduced flow pump calibration.
FRN performs low flow test.
State 4
Reduce flow.
Reduced flow pump calibration.
State 6 MF performs low flow test.
2
Write to E PROM:
calibration values and
maximum flow.
State 6
2
Write to E PROM:
calibration values and
maximum flow.
State 0 = PRESSURE$RANGE$SELECT
The pressure range is determined. This was done in state 17. During this state nothing is
done. The fluid monitor is controlled to the same parameters as was used in state 17.
In the AK 100, the pressure was determined in this state by setting up a test condition: flow
= 500 ml/min and HPG = 0 mmHg. FOP was then copied into the variable
FRI(FI_PR$RANGE$LL), SRI(044) and FIP into FRI(FI_PR$RANGE$HL), SRI(043).
The range is the pressure measured on FIP and FOP when the maximum flow (around
750 ml/min) is set and HPG regulated to about 0 mmHg. The pressure is approximately
+/- 350 mmHg. These values is stored in an E2PROM and will be used during the state 24,
they will also be used during the next start-up, until State 0 is performed at the next start
up.
FOVA
-379.5
342.5 P
mmHg Flow
mmHg Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
736.5 ml/min 2 1 736.5 ml/min
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
101.0 mmHg -1.0 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
P
SAG
93.4 mmHg
Particle
filter
State 1 = LOW$PRESSURE$TEST$1
HPG is regulated to 20 % of pressure range (pressure range measured on FIP and FOP
+/-350 mmHg), in this case -210.5 mmHg with flow input pump.
FOVA
-343.5
345.5 P
mmHg Flow
mmHg Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
733.2 ml/min 2 1 732.1 ml/min
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
98.5 mmHg -210.5 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
P
SAG
93.7 mmHg
Particle
filter
In state 2, state 4 and in sub state 0 of the LEAK$TST$PROC, a calibration of the flow
pumps is performed. The purpose of the calibration is to estimate the parameters a and b in
the pump model:
u = a· Dp+b
where u is the pump drive duty cycle, a is the flow pump coefficient, Dp is the pressure
drop across the pump and b is the flow pump offset.
The pump offset can be described as a kind of bias voltage for the pump, and the pump
coefficient as a “pump gain” which describes how much the pump duty cycle must change
when the pressure drop across the pump changes. The formula above can thus be used to
compute an approximate value of the pump drive duty cycle required to maintain a certain
pressure drop. By measuring the pump drive duty cycle for two different Dp values, we can
compute the a and b values.
The pump parameters a and b are used to compute the gains (amplification factors) in the
flow output and flow input pressure control functions. By estimating them for each pump
individually, the flow control will be less sensitive to variations in pump characteristics.
As the pumps are calibrated there is also a calibration made of the restrictors. The idea with
this calibration is to give the machine a formula how the pressures FIP and FOP are going
to react on different flows. This will give the machine a chance to regulate very fast because
the machine already “knows” to about what value (Duty cycle) it should regulate. This
formula is not as accurate as the FRN. It is not the FRN formula that is used. See more in
chapter about Control systems.
The procedure
During calibration, PFO is controlled to -350 mmHg, which corresponds to a nominal flow
of 700 ml/min. At this flow, PFI will be approximately +350 mmHg. The resulting reference
flow, Qr , is measured and stored.
LOW$PRESSURE$PUMPS$CALIB
TAVA is closed. HPG pressure is controlled to -210 mmHg (= 20% of pressure range).
Conditions:
The pump duty cycle and pressure drop for both the flow in and the flow out pump are
measured and stored.
The pump calibration,restrictor and control parameters computed during the functional
check are nominal values that are valid for the calibration reference flow Qr . In order to
achieve good control performance during normal operation at varying flow rates, the pump
calibration offset is adjusted to match the currently used flow set point.
The calculated pump calibration parameters for the current flow set point can be found
in the following service log array variables:
The calculated control parameters for the current control mode and flow set point can be
found in the following service log array variables:
SRI(050) Input pump proportional gain SRI(058) Output pump proportional gain
SRI(051) Input pump integral gain SRI(059) Output pump integral gain
Error messages
The pump calibration and control parameters stored in E2PROM are used as initial values in
the flow control system when a new functional check is started. If the conditions for meas-
urement described in Sub state 0 and State 2 are not met, the default parameters are used
and then reduced in steps to 75%, 50% and 25% of the default values. Each set of parameters
is tested during 45 s. If stable pressure and flow conditions still cannot be achieved, a
technical error is given.
The following technical error messages apply to the flow system calibration procedure:
Error code Explanation
FCN 4.23 010 UNSTABLE PRESSURE FLOW OUT
FCN 4.23 011 UNSTABLE PRESSURE FLOW IN
FCN 4.23 012 UNSTABLE CH 1 FLOW
Sub state 1
Pressure correlation.
Each transducer, PD, HPG and SAG, should have a stable value (+/-10 mmHg) during five
seconds. Then the values should not deviate with more than 25 mmHg. Time out, 60 seconds.
The pressure is regulated by HPG and controlled by flow input pump.
In PRS there is a stability and correlation done between PD (PRS), PD (CTRL) and SAG
values.
FOVA
-342.9
347.8 mmHg P
mmHg Flow
Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
298.2 ml/min 2 1 297.6 ml/min
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
-203.5 mmHg -207.5 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
PD, SAG, and HPG deviation 25 mmHg and stable
(+/- 10 mm Hg/5 seconds) for the correlation to be approved.
SAG -221.1 mmHg
P
Particle
filter
Sub state 2
DIVA and TAVA are closed, as a preparation for leakage test in state 2, and after a
2 second delay the test continues with state 2.
FOVA
-339.5
331.6 mmHg P
mmHg Flow
Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
730.8 ml/min 2 1 729.3 ml/min
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
-203.0 mmHg 205.5 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
P
SAG
-210.6 mmHg
Particle
filter
State 2 = HIGH$PRESSURE$TEST
The -210 mmHg pressure that was trapped in state 1 is now measured at PD and if it is
changed with more than 50 mmHg, since DIVA and TAVA was closed, an external leakage is
assumed. After 30 seconds PD is monitored again and if it has changed with more than 10
mmHg a DIVA/TAVA leakage is assumed.
FOVA
-339.5
331.6 mmHg P
mmHg Flow
Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
730.8 ml/min 2 1 729.3 ml/min
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
-203.0 mmHg 205.5 mmHg
BYVA
PD is monitored directly and DIVA
after 30 s.
First test deviation >50 mmHg=
external leakage. P
SAG
Second test deviation >10 mmHg= -210.6 mmHg
Particle
DIVA/TAVA leakage. filter
HIGH$PRESSURE$PUMPS$CALIB
Conditions:
The pump duty cycle and pressure drop for both the flow in and the flow out pump are
measured and stored.
The flow in and flow out pump coefficient and offset are computed from the stored duty
cycle and pressure drop values.
Finally, the control parameters are computed from the offset and coefficient values.
FOVA
Flow output P
pressure Flow
Flow output
Flow input input pump
pressure P pump EMVA ZEVA
UF-measuring
Drain EVVA cell
Blood leak
detector
2 1
Deairating
level
PD P detector TAVA P HPG
PD is monitored directly,
after 30 s and again after 30 seconds. BYVA
Substitution port
DIVA
First test deviation >50 mmHg= CWVA
external leakage. Pressure
regulator
HDVA
Second test deviation >10 mmHg=
FIVA
DIVA/TAVA leakage. SAG
P Substitution
outlet
Third test HDVA is closed and DIVA
is opened. Deviation >10 mmHg= ULTRA filter
(U 8000 S)
HDVA leakage.
FOVA
-344.2
328.1 mmHg P
mmHg Flow
Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
2 1
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
208.0 mmHg 205.0 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
PD, SAG, and HPG deviation 25 mmHg and stable
(+/- 10 mm Hg/5 seconds) for the correlation to be approved.
SAG 201.7 mmHg
P
Particle
filter
When this is done DIVA and TAVA is closed and the high pressure will be trapped behind
DIVA and TAVA.
Finally ZEVA is opened and an offset calibration of the UF cell is made. (i.e. no flow through
channel 1 and 2), then the offset is calibrated for both channels.
At the same time the FRN test is started with a taration of the FRN node. The Leakage Test
will continue when both the UF cell and the FRN is ready with their offset calibration.
FOVA
-348.3
338.2 mmHg P
mmHg Flow
Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
0.1 ml/min 2 1 0.1 ml/min
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
202.5 mmHg 205.0 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
P
SAG
198.6 mmHg
Particle
filter
FOVA
-344.2
328.1 mmHg P
mmHg Flow
Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
2 1
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
208.0 mmHg 205.0 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
PD, SAG, and HPG deviation 25 mmHg and stable
(+/- 10 mm Hg/5 seconds) for the correlation to be approved.
SAG 201.7 mmHg
P
Particle
filter
When the test is approved the DIVA and TAVA will be closed and pressure will be trapped
behind the valves, ready for the next leakage test.
State 3 = LOW$PRESSURE$TEST$2
Performs a high pressure leakage test of valves and also makes a differential calibration of
the UF cell (coefficient of CH 2).
The test itself is performed as in state 2 with other limits due to the lower pressures outside
the DIVA/TAVA.
FOVA
-340.8
338.2 mmHg P
mmHg Flow
Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
742.8 ml/min 2 1 741.6 ml/min
PD
194.5 mmHg
Deairating
chamber
P TAVA P HPG
PD is monitored directly and -211.5 mmHg
BYVA
after 30 s.
DIVA
First test deviation >50 mmHg=
external leakage.
Second test deviation >37 mmHg= P
SAG
DIVA/TAVA leakage. 189.8 mmHg
Particle
If the monitor is an ULTRA the test is filter
also performed on HDVA.
Jump to state 7 if restrictor offset calibration NOT ready (FRN taration failed in
state 7, FRN test).
Note! In case the FRN test fails, in State 7, the Fch will be prolonged with several min-
utes as the Leak Test is perfor
perfor ming a 4 min
orming ute (maxim
minute um) w
(maximum) aiting and then a ne
waiting neww
taration of the UF cell is perf
taration or
perfor med. The FRN has to be rretar
ormed. etarated. Then the High fflo
etarated. lo
loww
test of the FRN is performed again.
The flow is reduced with 50 ml/min and the pumps are calibrated.
FOVA
-301.8
297.0 mmHg P
mmHg Flow
Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
683.2 ml/min 2 1 683.5 ml/min
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
185.0 mmHg -1.5 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
P
SAG
179.8mmHg
Particle
filter
Jump to state 11 if the FRN test fails the second time (already jumped to state 5
once).
State 5 = RESTR$LOW$TEST$RETAR
In this state the FOP is regulated to - 350 mmHg and the HPG is regulated to 20% of the
pressure range (about -200 mmHg) by the FIP pump. Then a stability test is performed, flow
should not vary more than 0.5 ml/min, time out 4 minutes. Then a retaration of the FRN is
performed.
State 6 = FLOW$SYS$CAL$PROM$WRI
State 7 = RESTR$TEST$HI$FL$RETRY
State 8= RESTR$TEST$HI$FL$RETEST$ATTN
If the FRN High flow test has failed two times the Attention “UF SELF TEST FAILED New
test within five minutes”. The UF cell is tarated for five minutes and when the waiting time
is up the test continues.
If the attention has been displayed twice and the attention is about to be issued a third
time, then the error code FCN 1.39 001 is issued.
State 10 = RESTR$TEST$HIGH$TEST$RETEST
Jump to state 4 if high flow test is approved or if the attention “UF SELF TEST
FAILED New test within 5 min” has been issued twice.
State 11 = RESTR$TEST$LO$TEST$RETEST$ATTN
If the FRN low flow test has failed two times the attention “UF SELF TEST FAILED New test
within five minutes”. When the waiting time is up the test continues.
If the attention has been issued twice and the and the attention is about to be issued a
third time, then the error code FCN 1.39 006 is issued.
State 12 = RESTR$MF$HIGH$TEST
Flow is controlled to maximum flow (see state 0). A signal is sent to the FRN to start the MF
test.
State 25 = EMPTY$DEAIR$LVL
RFVA is opened and EVVA is closed until the level in the deairating chamber is < 68.5 mm
then the program jumps to the next state.
FOVA
P
Flow
Flow output
Input pump
Pump EMVA ZEVA
P
EVVA
DRAIN UF
CELL
Blood leak
detector
LEVEL 580.4 ml/min 2 1 490.1 ml/min
43.5 mm
Deairating
chamber
PD P TAVA P HPG
-10.0 mmHg 18.0 mmHg
BYVA
DIVA
Particle
filter
P
SAG
-1.4 mmHg
To athmosphere RFVA
Air
State 26 = EMPTY$DEAIR$LVL$2
RFVA is opened and EVVA is closed until the level in the deairating chamber is < 40 mm then
the program closes the RFVA, the minimum open time is 10 seconds. If the level still is
>68.5 mm after 10 seconds then jump back to state 25.
EVVA is kept closed until the level in the deairating chamber is < 40 mm and the level must
be stable for 3 seconds before the program jumps to the next state.
State 28 = FM$FUNC$TEST$RDY
Notify CPU OB that the FM functional check is ready since it is the CPU OB that coordinates
the functional checks. If the other tests are ready and OK and the level in the heating vessel
is not low the monitor will exit the functional check and the state will be set to 255 (inac-
tive). Treatment time is displayed in the “TIME” window.
State 29 = TST$BICART$PRIMING
Post priming is when both concentrate pumps run at normal speed after priming. The
presets for Top priming is described later in this document. Default preset is no top prim-
ing.
State 0 = TST$BIC$PRE$PRIM
State 1 = TST$BIC$PRIM
State 2 = TST$BIC$PRIM$1
State 3 = TST$BIC$PRIM$2
State 4 = TST$BIC$POST$PRIM
State 5 = TST$BIC$PRIM$ATTN
State 6 = TST$BIC$PRE$PRIM$WATER$ATTN
State 7 = TST$BIC$PRIM$WATER$ATTN
State 8 = TST$BIC$POST$PRIM$WATER$ATTN
State 9 = TST$BIC$POST$TP
State 10 = TST$BIC$POST$TP$WATER$ATTN
When the priming is triggered either by the fact that the cartridge is placed in the holder
before the machine is started, or that the holder is opened during operation both concen-
trate pumps stop. The machine runs, waiting for the measured conductivity (B) to drop
below 2.0 mS/cm.
1) BCVA is closed and PBVA opened. This connects the degassing pressure to the bottom of
the cartridge, and since it is closed in the top (by BCVA), a negative pressure will now build
up in the BiCart cartridge.
Recirc. Expansion
valve chamber Degassing
M Degassing pump
restrictor
PBVA
BCVA
TPVA Feeding pump "B"
BiCart
Filter Suction
Triggering point =
(degassing set value + 20 mmHg)
PBVA opens
BCVA closes BCVA opens
3) In either case the BCVA then opens and the build up, negative pressure in the cartridge
sucks out warm water from the heating vessel. The cartridge primes:
Recirc. Expansion
valve chamber Degassing
M Degassing pump
restrictor
PBVA
BCVA
TPVA Feeding pump "B"
BiCart
Filter Suction
4) The suction through PBVA continues until the logical signal from the BiCart bubble trap
fluid level indicates NOT low level. PBVA closes. If step 1-4 takes too long (>120 sec), an
attention is issued:
If HIGH is pressed the process will be restarted. The priming can be repeated until the
BiCart is primed.
6) The B-concentrate pump stops and the FM runs until B-conductivity is below 2.0 mS/cm.
The priming is completed.
7) When conductivity below 2 mS/cm is achieved, the A-pump starts. When the A-conductiv-
ity has reached 80% of its set level, the B pump starts. This sequence ensures minimum
calcium precipitation.
Whenever the BiCart bubble trap signals low level PBVA is opened for 0.8 seconds and the
level is checked again. If necessary PBVA is opened again for 0.8 seconds and the level is
checked. This continues until the level is not low level. See section “Top priming” for more
details.
Recirc. Expansion
valve chamber Degassing
M Degassing pump
restrictor
BiCart
Filter Suction
Top priming can be performed, three times during the use of one BiCart; directly after
priming, after first bubble trap low level or/and it can be triggered by a time after priming.
Default preset 10000 minutes. If it is preset what basically happens is the BCVA closes and
TPVA opens and water is sucked backwards into the BiCart. See chapter “The top priming”
for more details.
Recirc. Expansion
valve chamber Degassing
M Degassing pump
restrictor
PBVA
BCVA
TPVA Feeding pump "B"
BiCart
Suction
Filter
Fluid
State 30 = TST$WATER$ATTN$5
The last of four water attentions, see state 7 for more details.
State 31 = FM$FUNC$TECH$ERR
If the program enters this state there is a technical error in the fluid monitor. This also
means that no treatment is possible.
State 32 = UF$LOG$STORE
Jump to state 33 if the UF cell errors are successfully stored in the UF cells
E2PROMs.
State 33 = UF$LOG$STORE$RDY
Waits for the UF cell store to be completed. When the flag is erased (in state 31) the process
continues.
State 34 = SAFTEY$BYPASS$HIGH$TEST$FAILED
The fluid connectors should be checked for leakage and then the attention confirmed.
Flow chart
TST$TEMP
$STOPPED
3
There are five temperature sensors in the AK 200 S, one in the heating vessel and two in
each conductivity cell (one for control and one for protective system). During the test the
correlation between the different transducers (temperature in conductivity cells) and the
deviation is maximum 0.5 oC between control system and protective system. The compari-
sons are made within each conductivity cell.
The temperature is regulated by the control system with the temperature transducer in the
heating vessel and compensated by the Conductivity cell B temperature transducer to 42 oC
and to the set value (treatment temperature). When these temperatures are reached the
protective system compares the transducers (Control and Protective).
State 0 = TST$HIGH$TEMP
Fill heating vessel above low level. Heating rods are off.
The flow is stopped by TST$PROC and the temperature is regulated to 42 oC by the control
system and the temperature transducer in the heating vessel.
The flow is started and the temperature is controlled to 42 oC by the control system in
conductivity cell B. Then the correlation of the temperature between protective and control
system is performed within each conductivity cell.
State 1 = TST$SET$TEMP
This state is also divided into 3 sub states and they have the same functions as in state 0, but
the temperature is regulated to the treatment temperature.
State 2 = TST$TMP$RDY
The temperature test is ready and the temperature is regulated to set value (treatment
temperature).
State 3 = TST$TEMP$STOPPED
If there is a technical error in the previous states (1 and 2) the heating rods are off then
treatment will be impossible. The process will be stuck in this state.
Bicarbonate alternative
is chosen by operator.
COND$TST$
STDBY
3
COND$TST$
INACTIVE Low cond test OK AND
NOT low level in heating vessel AND
Low level in heating vessel OR 0
cond is >5 mS/cm AND
(low test ok AND no cond test has failed). SelectCart primed (if any).
Low and high test OK AND
Fluid path is filled acetate mode chosen.
(Degassing level OK).
Low level in
heating vessel
LOW$COND$ HIGH$COND$
TST TST
1 2
Both low and high test OK AND Both low and high test OK AND
acetate NOT chosen. acetate NOT chosen.
COND$TST$
DONE
4
The process main goal is to check that the conductivity cells are working properly. They
should be able to measure low (<1.0 mS/cm) and high conductivity (>18.0 mS/cm). The test
is supervised and evaluated by the protective system. Control system acts on orders from
protective system.
Each test is redone after 30 seconds if it fails. If a test fails more than 3 times a technical
error is issued.
If the Fch is started in acetate mode and the operator changes to bicarbonate mode after
the conductivity test is performed and Fch is not done, the monitor will perform a new
conductivity test
In case the operator try to change from acetate mode to bicarbonate mode when the Fch is
finished, the monitor will not accept the change. This is due to the fact that only the B cell
(control and protective) is tested (high test) in acetate mode. The only way is to perform a
new Fch in bicarbonate mode.
When the monitor is started in acetate mode and the conductivity test is done, protective
system puts control system in a stand by, prepared to redo the high conductivity test with
all conductivity cells.
When the high test is done and the priming of the SelectBag is not done (timed out in state
16 (TST$PROC)), the priming will restartand continue until the SelectBag is primed or has
timed out (300 seconds). If it times out the priming is interrupted and the monitor will try
to prime again when the Fch is done. Finally it will end up as an “INCORRECT SelectBag
FLOW” attention. Fluid in bypass.If the level is not raised in the level detector chamber.
Waiting for state 15 in FCH$TST to be ready which means that the fluid path is filled and
the control system can regulate the degassing level.
State 1 = LOW$COND$TST
The control system regulates the conductivity to 0 mS/cm. When the level is below 1 mS/cm,
the conductivity is measured during 10 seconds to check the stability of the conductivity.
The values should not vary more than 0.4 mS/cm from the average during these 10 seconds.
If the stability test fails it is repeated after 60 seconds. If the conductivity is not stable after
3 tries the error code FCN 4.43 020 is issued.
The stable values are evaluated by the protective system. If the value is out of limit (see table
below) the test has failed and after 30 seconds the test is repeated. After three failures a
technical error is issued, FCN 4.43 030.
If the test is not ready after 5 minutes (time out), the error code FCN 4.43 010 is issued.
x x +/-0.2
x x +/-0.2
x x +/-0.3
x x +/-0.3
State 2 = HIGH$COND$TST
The test starts with that the control system run the concentrate pump at a fixed speed and
when the control system signals that the conductivity >18 mS/cm the test is carried out like
state 1 but with the high conductivity and if the monitor is in acetate mode only the B cell is
tested (control and protective).
If the concentrate is a BiCart Select concentrate there is an attention issued due to failure of
the stability test. If the attention is confirmed then the Select Cart will be primed again.
UNSTABLE CONDUCTIVITY
Check SelectCart, press HIGH
The process will end here regardless of the test was OK or not.
State 4 = COND$TST$STDBY
This state is only entered if the conductivity test is passed and the test was carried out in
acetate mode. The test now awaits the operator to change to bicarbonate mode or the Fch
to be finished and treatment mode entered.
If the mode is changed from acetate to bicarbonate the high test is performed again
(State 2) as long as the monitor is still in Fch mode.
State 5 = COND$TST$ATTN$STDBY
If the attention is confirmed the AK 200 S will prime the Bicart SelectCart once more. When
this state entered the SelectCart will automatically be reprimed. Maximum four priming
attempts can be made before an error code is issued.
There is a logging variable for the Conductivity test, SRB(058), this however reflects the sub
process to each step. To put in simple words, the uneven values on the logging variable
reflect that the low conductivity test is performed and even that the high test is performed.
What the different states means, 0-10, is explained in the flow chart below. The low
conductivity test is synchronized with the main process. This is done in state 15 where the
main process wait until the low conductivity is done. The high conductivity test is started
when the main process starts state 18.
Cond test
Idle 0
SRB(58)= X
1
<1 mS/cm 2
No
witin 18 mS/cm No
5 5 min witin
5 min
Yes 6
Wait 30 s
No
3 Wait 30 s
Third No Cond No
try? stable? 4
Cond No Third Yes
Yes Yes
stable? try?
Evaluation Yes
No
Evaluation
Yes No
Third Cond
try? test OK? No
7
Yes No Yes
Cond Third
test OK? try?
Idle 0
8 Yes
9 10
The FRN uses the FIP and FOP transducer values to calculate the different flow rates and
for the volume a time integral of the rate is used.
How the FRN is measuring the UF rate and volume during treatment:
FOP
Protective system
Control system
Echelon 1
CPU P node CPU F
UF volume FRN 2
UF rate
measured by FRN
FIP
P
UF volume
measured by FRN
The different coefficients used in the pressure-to-flow calculation are collected during
calibration of the FRN. During the calibration the pressures are read against known flows.
These flows are measured by the UF cell and the values from the UF cell are the “known”
flows.
The Fch can be described in different stages, each stage contains one or more states (like all
other processes). The states can be logged as RESTR$STARTUP$TST$PROC, Program
version 5.20, PP(060).
State 0-1: Initialization of used variables, that means the old variables, calibration values
from the latest calibration (in service mode).
State 2: FRN checks the stability of the FRN measurements. . The flows must be stable.
When the flows are stable (maximum variation 0.5 ml/min) or a 4-minute time out is up.
Maximum deviation
ml/min FRN
FRN Ch 1 and Ch 2
flow
2 ml/min
(default)
Ch 2
Taration
Ch 1
If the test is not approved during this time the test is failed. In case of failure the CPU P
signals to CPU F to redo its procedures so the CPU P can perform the test again (state 2-7).
If this test also fails the attention “UF SELF TEST FFAILED
AILED New test within ffiv
New ive min
ive utes” is
minutes”
issued. This is done so the temperature has a chance to stabilize in the pressure transducers,
FIP and FOP.
This procedure can be repeated 2 times. When the third issuing of the attention is due then
the error code, FCN 1.39 001
001, is issued. By then 6 complete High flow tests of the FRN has
been performed, all failed.
State 10: Lo
Loww fflo
low test. The test is started when CPU F signals that the flow is lowered
low
with 50 ml/min.
FRN
Ch 2
Maximum deviation
FRN Ch 1 and Ch 2
2 ml/min
(default)
The flows in channel 1 and 2 is measured and the values are correlated against each other.
The difference must not be more than +/-2 ml/min.
The flows measured by the FRN and main flow set value are compared and the difference
must not be outside a +/-9 ml/min limit. (FRN channels and main flow set value)
The test is done for maximum 60 seconds and if the test is approved then the FRN test is
ready.
If the test is not approved during this time the test is failed. In case of failure the CPU P
signals to CPU F to redo its procedures so the CPU P can perform the test again (state 2-6
and 10).
If this test also fails the attention “UF SELF TEST FFAILED New
AILED Ne w test within ffiv
ive
iv minutes”
e min utes” is
issued. This is done so the temperature has a chance to stabilise in the pressure transducers,
FIP and FOP.
This procedure can be repeated 2 times. When the third issuing of the attention is due then
the error code, FCN 1.39 006
006, is issued. By then 6 complete High flow tests of the FRN has
been performed, all failed.
The stages are also described on the next page as a flow chart.
The FRN and the Leak test is depending on each other and that is illustrated in the flow
chart on the next page and also described in the text.
FRN FRN
taration taration
State: 3-6 State: 3-6 Re-test
Issue attention
Wait 5 minutes
Pressure Pressure Pressure ++No_High_Retest
lowered by raised by lowered by
CPU F CPU F CPU F
CPU F signals that NO
the differential taration
has started
High flow test High flow test
No_High_Retest >
(max 1 min) Fail (max 2 min) Fail
2?
State: 7 State: 7
Technical error
Wait for Wait for FCN 1.39 001
stable flow stable flow
(max 4 min) (max 4 min)
State: 2 State: 2
FRN FRN
taration taration
State: 3-6 State: 3-6 Re-test
Issue attention
Wait 5 minutes
Flow Flow Flow ++No_Low_Retest
lowered by raised by lowered by
CPU F signals that CPU F CPU F CPU F
the flow is now NO
lowered and
the pumps are
calibrated. Low flow test Low flow test
No_Low_Retest
(max 1 min) Fail (max 2 min) Fail
> 2?
State: 10 State: 10
YES
Pass
Pass
Technical error
READY
FCN 1.39 006
State1: The FRN Ch 1 just measures the flow. Signals to CPU F to continue the Leak test
since no taration of the FRN is done.
State 2: Stability of flow measured by the FRN; maximum variation 0.5 ml/min.
State 3
3: High flow test is performed; maximum deviation from main flow set value (approx
750 ml/min) is +/- 9 ml/min. And the stability of the FRN Ch 1 has to be better than 1 ml/
min.FCN 1.39 008
Maximum deviation
ml/min FRN
FRN Ch 1 and
flow
main flow setvalue
9 ml/min
Set value
main
flow
+/-9
ml/min
Ch 1
Maximum
deviation
State 4
4:Signals to CPU F to continue the Leak test since no taration of the FRN is done.
State 5
5: CPU F lowers the flow by 50 ml/min. Two tests are performed.
1. The flow measured by FRN ch1 should not differ from the new main flow set value with
more than +/- 9 ml/min. (FCN1.39 009)
Previously
mesured
flow (state3)
-50 ml/min
Maximum deviation
FRN Ch 1 and previously
mesured flow -50 ml/min
+/-4 ml/min
The MF and the Leak test is depending on each other and that is illustrated in the flow chart
below and also previously described in text.
Signal CPU F to
continue
State 1
CPU F signals that
State 12 is performed
Leak test (state 24)
Wait for
stable RQ1 flow
(max 4 min)
State: 2
READY