 Q1

What is functional approach by Henri fayol?

Ans.
Henri Fayol was the first person to identify elements or functions of
management in his classic 1916 book Administration Industrielle et
Generale. Fayol was the managing director of a large French coal-mining firm and
based his book largely on his experiences as a practitioner of management.

 Q2
Define management by objectives?
Ans.
 Q3
What is operational plan?
Ans.

 Q4
Name any four decision-making biases?
Ans.

1. Action-Oriented Bias

2. Self-Interest Bias

3. Pattern-Recognition Bias

4. Stability Bias

5. Social Harmony Bias

  Q5
What management skills are necessary for manager on
different managerial levels?
Ans.
Management vs. Leadership Skills. Management skills overlap with leadership
skills, as both involveproblem-solving, decision-
making, planning,delegation, communication, and time management. Good
managers are often good leaders. And yet the two roles are distinct.

 Q6
Name four decisional roles by mintzberg?
Ans.
Mintzberg argues that making decisions is the most crucial part of
any managerial activity. He identifies four roles which are based on different types of
decisions; namely, entrepreneur, disturbance handler, resource allocator and
negotiator.

 Q7
Define organization?
Ans.
  Q8
What is scientific management?
Ans.

 Q9
Briefly explain structured problems and programmed
decisions?
Ans.
Programmed Decisions. Programmed decisions are those that a manager has
encountered and made in the past. ... In addition to being well structured with
predetermined rules regarding the decision-making process, programmed
decisions may also be repetitive or routine as their outcome was successful in the past.

 Q10
What is meant by contingency approach?
Ans.
A contingency approach to management is based on the theory that management
effectiveness is contingent, or dependent, upon the interplay between the application of
management behaviors and specific situations. In other words, the way you manage should
change depending on the circumstances.
 (Long Questions)
Q.NO.3.
Explain Fayol’s fourteen principles of management in
detail.
Ans.

Fayol's 14 Principles of Management

Fayol's principles are listed below:

1. Division of Work – When employees are specialized, output can increase

because they become increasingly skilled and efficient.
2. Authority – Managers must have the authority to give orders, but they must
also keep in mind that with authority comes responsibility.
3. Discipline – Discipline must be upheld in organizations, but methods for
doing so can vary.
4. Unity of Command – Employees should have only one direct supervisor.
5. Unity of Direction – Teams with the same objective should be working
under the direction of one manager, using one plan. This will ensure that
action is properly coordinated.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest – The interests
of one employee should not be allowed to become more important than
those of the group. This includes managers.
7. Remuneration – Employee satisfaction depends on fair remuneration for
everyone. This includes financial and non-financial compensation.
8. Centralization – This principle refers to how close employees are to the
decision-making process. It is important to aim for an appropriate balance.
9. Scalar Chain – Employees should be aware of where they stand in the
organization's hierarchy, or chain of command.
10. Order – The workplace facilities must be clean, tidy and safe for
employees. Everything should have its place.
11. Equity – Managers should be fair to staff at all times, both maintaining
discipline as necessary and acting with kindness where appropriate.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel – Managers should strive to minimize
employee turnover. Personnel planning should be a priority.
13. Initiative – Employees should be given the necessary level of freedom
to create and carry out plans.
14. Esprit de Corps – Organizations should strive to promote team spirit and
unity.

Q.NO.4.
What is decision making? Elaborate decision making
process with example?
Ans.
Decision making is the process of making choices by identifying a decision,
gathering information, and assessing alternative resolutions. Using a step-by-
step decision-making process can help you make more deliberate,
thoughtful decisions by organizing relevant information and defining alternatives.

Elaborate decision making process with example.