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DESIGN OF
FOOTINGS
138 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
Foundation Plan
139 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
GIVEN (ASSUME): A2= 6.66 m2
A1 = 9.06 m2
qa = 140 kPa f’c = 28 MPa
𝛾𝑐 = 23.6 kN/m3 𝛾𝑠 = 18 kN/m3 [A1 = L1 x B1]
Df = 2.3 m 6.66 = 2.5B1
B1 = 2.66 m
25 mm ∅ RSB (strap) fy = 414 MPa
25 mm ∅ RSB (main) fy = 414 MPa [A2 = L2 x B2]
16 mm ∅ RSB (temp.) fy = 276 MPa Using square footing, L2 = B2
6.66 = (L2)2
L2 = B2 = 2.58 m
Column 1 Column 2
400 mm x 400 mm 400 mm x 400 mm Design of Footing:
PDL = 520.38kN PDL = 643.27 kN P1 = 520.38 + 126.04 = 646.42 kN x1
PLL = 126.04 kN PLL = 126.5 kN = 0.2 m
P2 = 643.27 + 126.5 = 769.77 kN x2
SOLUTION: = 5.2 m
qe = 140 – 18(2.3) = 98.6 kPa Pu1 = 1.2 (520.38) + 1.6 (126.04 )= 826.12 kN
Pu2 = 1.2 (643.27) + 1.6 (126.5 ) = 974.32 kN
assume qe = 90 kPa
Pu = 826.12 + 974.32 = 1800.44 kN
P1 = 520.38 + 126.04 = 646.42 kN x1 = 0.2 m
P2 = 643.27 + 126.5 = 769.77 kN x2 = 5.2 m Afooting = A1 + A2
Afooting = 2.5(2.66) + (2.58)2 = 13.31 m2
P = P1 + P2
P = 646.42 + 769.77 = 1416.19 kN 𝑃𝑢
qu = 𝐴𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 =
1800.44
= 135.27 kPa = 0.13527
13.31
MPa
PXg = P1x1 + P2x2
1416.19 (Xg) = 646.42 (0.2) + 769.77 (5.2)
FOOTING 1:
Xg = 2.92 m
Try L1 = 2.5 m
140 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
Vu = qu x Ashaded [Vu = ∅Vc]
Vu = 0.13527 (2500) (1055 - d) 974.32 x103 - 0.13527 (400 + d)2
Vu = 338.18 (1055 - d) = 0.75 [7.20 (400d + d2)]
d = 257.81 mm “say” 260 mm
Vc = 0.17𝜆√𝑓′𝑐 bwd
Vc = 0.17 (1) √28 (2500) d check for actual qe:
Vc = 2248.89d
hc = 260 + 0.5(25) + 75
[Vu = ∅Vc] hc = 347.5 mm “say” 350 mm
338.18 (1055 - d) = 0.75 (2248.89d)
d = 176.2 “say” 180 mm hs = 2.5 – 0.35 = 2.15 m
Moment:
Vu = Pu2 – qu x Ashaded
Vu = 974.32 x 103 -0.13527 (400 + d)2
141 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
Footing 1 (transverse section): Spacing = 300 mm O.C
1.4 1.4
𝜌min = = = 0.0034
𝑓𝑦 414
𝜌max = 0.75𝜌b
0.85 (28)(0.85)(600)
𝜌max = 0.75 414 (414+600) = 0.0217
𝜋 (𝑑)2 𝜋
Ab = = (25)2 = 490.87 mm2
4 4 At section A-A:
𝜋
[Vu = ∅Vc]
(16)2 (N) = 540; N = 2.9
4
1000
Spacing = = 344.83 mm Vu = ∅(0.17)𝜆√𝑓 ′ 𝑐 bwd; bw = 550 mm
2.9
142 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
73.43 x103 = 0.75 (0.17) (1) √28 (550) d Use d = 200 mm
d = 197.89 mm “say”200 mm
𝑀𝑢 91.78 𝑥106
Ru = ∅𝑏𝑑2 = (0.9)(550)(200)2
Depth of beam based on moment:
Ru = 4.64 MPa
Use 𝜌 = 0.6𝜌b
0.85 (𝑓′𝑐) 2𝑅𝑢
0.85 (28)(0.85)(600) 𝜌= [1 − √1 − ]
𝜌= 0.6 414 (414+600)
= 0.0173 𝑓𝑦 0.85𝑓′𝑐
As = 𝜌bd
As = 0.01259(550) (200)
Mu = ∅ f’c 𝜔 bd2 (1-0.59 𝜔)
As = 1384.9 mm2
91.78 x106 = 0.9 (28) (0.256) (550) (d)2 (1-
0.59(0.256)) 1384.9
d =174.55 mm “say” 180 mm N= 𝜋 (25)2
= 2.82 “say” 4 bars
4
SQUARE FOOTING
143 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
Based on two-way or punching shear:
Vu = quAshaded
= (0.11986) [(2140)2 -(400+d)2]
= (0.11986)(21402 –160000 - 800d - d2)
Vu = 0.11986 (4419600 - 800d - d2) N
𝑉𝑐 = 2(0.17𝜆√𝑓 ′𝑐𝑏𝑜 𝑑)
Depth of footing: 𝑏𝑜 = 4(400 + 𝑑)
Factored Load = 2(0.17)(1)√28[4(400 + 𝑑)] 𝑑
𝑞𝑢 =
Area of footing 𝑉𝑐 = 7.2 (400𝑑 + 𝑑2 )
1.2(321.29) + 1.6(102.11)
=
2.14(2.14) Vu = ϕ VC
𝑞𝑢 =119.86 kPa = 0.11986 MPa 0.11986 (4419600 - 800d - d2) = 0.75
[7.2 (400𝑑 + 𝑑2 )]
d = 170.72 mm “say” 180 mm
144 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e
0.85𝑓′ 𝑐 2𝑅
𝜌= fy
[1 − √1 − 0.85𝑓𝑢 ′𝑐]
0.85(28) 2(1.75)
= [1 − √1 − 0.85(28)]
414
ρ = 0.0044
1.4 1.4
𝜌min = 𝑓𝑦
= 414 = 0.0034
Use ρ = 0.0044
As = ρbd
= (0.0044) (2140) (180)
As = 1694.88 mm2
Number of 25 mm bars:
𝜋
(25)2 (N) = 1694.88 mm2
4
N = 3.45 “say” 4 bars
Development Length:
1 𝑓𝑦 𝛹𝑡 𝛹𝑠 𝛹𝑒
Ld = ( 𝑐𝑏+𝐾𝑡𝑟 ) 𝑑𝑏
1.1 𝜆 √𝑓′ 𝑐( )
𝑑𝑏
1 (414)(1)(1)(1)
Ld = ( 1.1(1) ) (25) = 711.26 mm
√28(2.5)
145 | R e i n f o r c e d C o n c r e t e