MOUNT CARMEL COLLEGE OF TEACHER

EDUCATION FOR WOMEN, kottayam

PROJECT ON

SURVEY ON OBESITY IN ADOLESCENTS OF

NEENDOOR LOCALITY AT KOTTAYAM
DISTRICT

SUBMITTED BY, SUBMITTED TO,

MS. JAYA P.J, ANJU VIJAYAN

MOUNT CARMEL COLLEGE OF I B.ED (2017-2019)

TEACHER EDUCATION NATURAL SCIENCE

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 AGE
NO
SL.NO CONTENT

I INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 3

1.2 NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY 4

1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 5

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 5

1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 6

II METHODOLOGY 7

2.1 STUDY AREA 7

2.2 SAMPLE 7

2.3 TOOLS 7

2.4 METHODS ADOPTED 8

III ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 12

IV SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 15

V REFERENCES 16

INDEX

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 I. INTRODUCTION

The prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity seems to have been

substantially increasingworldwide, forming a serious problem among children and
adolescents. They are becoming one of the major public health issues in the
developing countries including India. Adolescent over weight and obesity
comprise a risk factor for adult hood obesity.Rising prevalence of obesity in India
may be attributed to various factors, like sedentary life-style, unhealthy food
habits, cultural practices and increasing affluence of middle class population.Wang
et al(2002).

Obesity is associated with multiple co-morbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus,

dyslipidemia, polycystic ovarian disease, hypertension, and the metabolic
syndrome, which are increasingly becoming common among children and
adolescents. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality
as well as reduced life expectancy. However, limited literature is available on
prevalence of adolescent obesity in India, Donohoue et al(2004).
Overweight infants tend to become overweight children and adolescents,4 who in
turn tend to become overweight adults.5-8 In the Haggerstown prospective study,
Abraham, Nordsieck, and Collins9 found that 86 per cent of overweight boys and
80 per cent of overweight girls became overweight adults as compared to 42 per
cent of average weight boys and 18 per cent of average weight girls. Stunkard and
Burt10 estimated that the odds against an overweight adolescent becoming an

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average weight adult are 28 to 1. Females who were obese as teenagers are more
likely to develop cancer of the uterus than females who were

not obese as teenagers;obese children and adolescents experience a broad range of

social and psychological problems which often carry on into adulthood. Given the
social stigma associated withbeing obese, it is not surprising that obese youth show
less acceptance from peers,19 experience discrimination from significant adults,20
21 greater body image disturbances,22 poorer self-concepts, and greater evidence
of disturbed personality characteristics than their normal weight peers, Kosti et
al(2006).
Effective interventions to help the overweight child and adolescent lose weight
and maintain a suitable and healthy weight seem imperative. Treatment early in life
seems especially crucial because young children might learn and use appropriate
eating and exercise habits more easily when they are young; obesity with its
concomitant physical and psychological problems might also be reduced and/or
prevented, Manu et al (2010).
For children and adolescents, overweight and obesity are defined using age and
sex specific norm grams for body mass index (BMI). Children with BMI equal to
or exceeding the age-gender-specific 95th percentile are defined obese. Those with
BMI equal to or exceeding the 85th but are below 95th percentiles are defined
overweight and are at risk for obesity related co-morbidities.BMI is considered a
useful measurement of the amount of body fat,Jason et al(2010)

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1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

There are virtually no epidemiological studies from India assessingthe level of

awareness of adolescent obesity in a whole population. The aim of the present
study is to assess the awareness of obesity and over weight in adolescent in
Neendoor locality, Kottayam district.
Obesity is a global problem that is rising at an uncontrollable rate. Obesity can be
caused by many factors, including genetics. However, the underlying cause has
been attributed to two modifiable behavioral factors: food consumption and
physical activity. Obesity can lead to many other health complications, including
hypercholesterolemia and hypertension, and this can lead to serious health
consequences. CVD and diabetes are two chronic diseases which are rapidly
increasing globally, Hedley etal(2004).
Even though the health consequences of obesity are most commonly seen during
adulthood, the underlying factors of these diseases could originate during
childhood and adolescent period.
The aim of the study was to determinehealth status of adolescents (12–19 years
age) in Neendoor locality and examine the factors associated with obesity.

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 1.2 NEED AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Adolescent obesity is growing steeply and globally. A wide range of

geneticbiological, behavioral and environmental factors have contributed to the
increase in childhood obesity. It is usually regarded as a risk factor for severe
obesity over life time course obese. furthermore, overweight adolescent are at risk
for numerous chronic conditions in adulthood, and this risk is thought to exist
regardless of obesity in later life obese children have high blood pressure,
undesirable serum lipid levels, insulin resistance as well as calcifications in the
coronary arteries and the aorta. Numerous studies indicate positive associations
between body weight and eating related behaviors including skipping breakfast,
emotional eating, being eating and family meals culture and socioeconomic status
play an important role in the development of eating behavior.
The factors attributing to increasing obesity in adolescent are increased intake of
high calorie food that are low in vitamins minerals and micronutrients coupled
with decreased physical activity. Various studies indicate a rising trend in the
prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents. This may have major
implications towards increasing, prevalence of non-communicabledisease, like
diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular disease.
This study helping to access eating habits, life style and BMI of adolescents in
Neendoor locality and create a guideline to modify the life style and thereby
improving health.

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 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

The present study is stated as “Survey on obesity in adolescents of Neendoor

locality, Kottayam district”.

1.4 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

 To collect details of people about eating habits and life style in Neendoor
locality.
 To analyze BMI by calculating Body Mass Index (BMI).
 To give awareness about overweight and obesity.

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 1.5 SCOPE OF THE STUDY

Large proportion of young people are obese. Adolescent obesity is now a major
public health issue. Obese and overweight adolescent may suffer from a range of
health problem. Obese adolescent are more likely to become obese adult and have
higher risk of morbidity in adulthood. Over the past three decades the prevalence
of overweight and obesity across the population has increased substantially,
especially in children. Preventing the next generation of adults becoming obese is
an important priority for these study.
Overweight and obese children have significant reductions in quality of
life and suffer more teasing bullying and social isolation 85% of obese children
become obese adults and are likely to reduce their life expectancy by 9 years. The
growth in childhood obesity means that today’s children are unlikely to live as long
as their parents. Obesity occurs as a consequence of long term excess energy
consumption relative to an individual’s energy use leading to an accumulation of
excess fat. The energy balance is affected by an individual’s genetic makeup and
their choice as well as their surroundings, opportunities and life well as their
surroundings, opportunities and life conditions.
This study helping to access eating habits lifestyle and BMI of people in
Neendoor locality and create a guideline to modify the lifestyle and thereby
improve health.

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 II METHODOLOGY

A non-experimental research approach and descriptive survey design was used.

Total sample of study was 25 adolescents. A list containing the name and details of
people in Neendoor locality.

2.1 STUDY AREA

The area chosen for the study is Neendoor in Kottayam district.

2.2 SAMPLE

The sample of the study is,14,15,16,17 And 18 year old adolescents, 25

adolescents were selected for this survey from Neendoor locality.

2.3 TOOLS

Internet :Journals on obesity in adolescents.

Questionnaire:Prepared a questionnaire on obesity in adolescents of Neendoor
locality for the collection of details.

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 2.4 METHODS ADOPTED FOR THE PRESENT STUDY

According to the study, survey method was used. Survey conducted in 25

adolescents ,were taken from differentfamilies.For the study questionnaire was
prepared, consist of 25 questions. Body weight (kg) and body height (M) were
measured with subjects wearing light clothing without shoes and the Body Mass
Index (BMI) was calculated as weight in kilogramdivided by the squire of the
height in meter.

Weight(kg)
BMI = Height(𝒎𝟐 )

 BMI below 18.5 is considered underweight.

 BMI of 18.5 to 24.5 is considered healthy.
 BMI of 25 to 29.9 is considered as overweight.
 BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese.

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 QUESTIONNAIRE ON OBESITY IN ADOLESCENT

INSTRUCTION
You are instructed to read the statements carefully and put a tick √
Mark in the appropriate places.

Name :

Gender:

Age :

Weight :

Height :

BMI :

Sl.No QUESTIONS YES NO

1 Are you a vegetarian?
2 Do you prefer egg and its products in your daily diet?
3 Do you prefer meat in your daily diet?
4 Do you like to eat fast food regularly?
5 Do you eat more, when you are frustrated?
6 Are you interested in trying new food item?
7 Do you consume junk food every day?
8 Do you eat fast food regularly?
9 Do you drink any type of soda every day?
10 Do you follow regular dieting?

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 11 Do you think your food preference has been influenced by your parents?
SL.NO QUESTIONS YES NO
12 Do you spent more than 2hour for television?
13 Do you spent more than 2hour for playing video games?
14 Are you diabetic?
15 Do you take any medicine for your health problem?
16 Does your health problem caused only due to your eating habits?
17 Do you have trouble in getting sleep at night?
18 Do you take sleeping pills in order to sleep at night?
19 Does your physical health have any negative impact due to obesity?
20 Do you feel ashamed about your obese condition?
21 Do you practice regular exercise?
22 Do you know long term effect of eating unhealthy food ?
23 Are you aware of side effects of obesity?
24 Are you aware about the reason for obesity?
25 Do you know how to prevent obesity?

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 III ANALYSIS AND INTERPRITATION

Twenty five adolescent were taken for the survey, each from different families,25
questions were included in the questionnaire. These questionnaires are based on
the food pattern and life style of pupils.

TABLE.1

SL.NO AGE WEIGHT HIGHT BMI

1 13 30 143 14.67

2 13 38 145 18.07

3 13 38 147 17.58

4 14 44 151 19.29

5 14 55 149 24.77

6 14 53 146 24.86

7 14 36 148 16.43

8 14 40 149 18.02

9 15 36 145 17.12

10 15 35 148 15.97

11 15 40 148 19.01

SL.NO AGE WEIGHT HIGHT BMI

12 15 50 150 22.22

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 13 15 46 147 21.28

14 16 45 149 20.26

15 16 45 149 20.26

16 16 46 147 21.28

17 16 52 143 25.42

18 16 48 151 21.05

19 18 55 154 23.20

20 18 44 150 19.55

21 18 50 152 21.64

22 18 56 154 23.61

23 19 54 160 21.09

24 19 60 158 24.09

25 19 58 149 26.12

BMI OF ADOLESCENCE IN NEENDOOR LOCALITY

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 FIGUER: I

From the questionnaire it was understood that from these 25 adolescents, two
pupils become fat condition or over weight and five of them has a chance for
overweight or fat. The BMI of fat pupil were 25.42, and 26.12. The BMI of five
pupil has a chance for fat or over weight are 23.20,24.09,24.77, 23.61and 24.86.
From this study i understood that most of them are non-vegetarian and increased
level of junk food and fast food consumption and very low level of exercise, So the
prevention and control of this problem is very important. Therefore, appropriate
precautionary measures to prevent further progression of the problem into an
epidemic must be taken right at this stage, because if the present trends of
overweight/ obesity continue, the situation can get worse even within decade and
overweight could emerge as the single most important public health problem in
adults.

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 IV SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

The present study focused to access eating habits, life style and evaluate the Body
Mass Index of selected adolescents from different family in Neendoor
locality,Kottayam District. Calculating Body Mass Index, itgive an information
about health status of an individual. From these study I understood that from this
25 adolescents, two pupils become fat condition or over weight and five of them
has a chance for overweight or fat.So the prevention and control of this problem is
very important. Therefore, appropriate precautionary measures to prevent further
progression of the problem into an epidemic must be taken right at this stage,
because if the present trends of overweight/ obesity continue, the situation can get
worse even within decade and overweight could emerge as the single most
important public health problem in adults.

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 V REFERENCES

 SupaPengpid and Karl Peltzer(2015), Overweight and Obesity and

Associated Factors among School-Aged Adolescents in Six Pacific Island
Countries in Oceania.
 Anwen Rees, Non Thomas, Sinead Brophy, Gareth Knox1 and Rhys
Williams;(2009), Cross sectional study of childhood obesity and prevalence
of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes in children.
 Jacqueline Daigneault, Carsten-HendrikRasche, Denise A.(2014), Child and
Adolescent Obesity in Massachusetts.
 Wang Y, Lim H.(2012), The global childhood obesity epidemic and the
association between socio-economic status and childhood obesity. Int. Rev.
Psychiatry.
 Olszowy K.M, Pomer A, Dancause K.N and Sun C, (2015), Impact of
modernization on adult body composition on five islands of varying
economic development in Vanuatu.
 ShardaSidhu, GauriMarwah and Prabhjot ,(2005).Prevalence of Overweight
and Obesity among the Affluent Adolescent School Children of
Amritsar, Punjab .
 Wasir JS, Misra A (2004). The Metabolic Syndrome in Asian
Indians: Impact of Nutritional and Socio-economic Transition in
India.

 Ramachandran A, Snehalatha C, Vinitha R, Thayyil M, Kumar

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 CK (2002) Prevalence of overweight in urban Indian adolescent
school children.
 Premanath M, Basavanagowdappa H, Shekar MA, Vikram SB,
Narayanappa D (2010). Mysore childhood obesity study. Indian
Pediatr.
 Gupta AK, Ahmad AJ (1990). Childhood obesity and
hypertension.
 Mohan B, Kumar N, Aslam N, Rangbulla A, Kumbkarni S, (2004)
Prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity in urban and
rural school going children in Ludhiana.

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