Académique Documents
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NERVIOSO
Focal Neurological Disease in PaMents with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Daniel J. Skiest Clinical InfecMous Diseases 2002; 34:103–15
The pattern and predictors of mortality of HIV/ AIDS patients with neurologic manifestation in Ethiopia: a retrospective study Tesfaye
Berhe1, Yilma Melkamu2 and Amanuel Amare1AIDS Research and Therapy 2012, 9:11
Figure 2 A ‘‘Trojan horse’’ mechanism likely exists with infected macrophages crossing the BBB. These macrophages lead to
microglial and astrocyte activation with neurodegeneration occurring by secondary mechanisms. Neurons and oligodendroglia are not
directly infected. (Modified with permission from Langford D, Masliah E. Crosstalk between components of the blood brain barrier and
cells of the CNS in microglial activation in AIDS. Brain Pathol 2001;11:306–312.)
DIAGNOSIS
Semin_Neurol_2007_Feb_27(1)_86-92[1]
Advanced stages of HIV-associated dementia are
now rarely seen. In these more severe cases both cogni-
Clinical Features and Course tive and motor dysfunction are more distinct. Patients
Disabling dementia due to HIV is recognized when a have severe impairment in activities of daily living such
II Curso ACEM UCHILE de Formación en VIH-SIDA - marzo y abril 2017
patient’s cognitive abilities decline over a period of weeks that complex tasks often take longer or cannot be
Clínica HAD
• Demencia subcortical caracterizada por déficit de
memoria y enlentecimiento psicomotor.
• Compromiso cognitivo, conductual y motor
• Se instala en meses, raro en semanas. Inicio sutil
con pérdida de memoria, enlentecimiento mental,
dificultades en lectura y comprensión y apatía.
• Dg. diferencial con encefalitis por CMV, LEMP,
meningitis TBC o criptocócica, linfoma 1º de SNC
y depresión o deterioro en relación a edad o
enfermedades sistémicas (diabetes, ECV o
hepatitis C)
tion (HAND) HIV DEMENTIA SCALE DEPARTMENT OF NEUROLOGY, JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
tions
Maximum Score Score
MEMORY - REGISTRATION
Give four words to recall (dog, hat, green, peach) – 1 second to say each.
Then ask the patient all 4 after you have said them.
4 ( ) ATTENTION
ests of movement Anti-saccadic eye movements: 20 commands
action time. errors of 20 trials
<3 errors = 4; 4 errors = 3; 5 errors = 2; 6 errors = 1; >6 errors = 0
ays be combined
ted with HIV.
6 ( ) PSYCHOMOTOR SPEED
DS)16 are effective Ask patient to write the alphabet in upper case letters horizontally
ciated with HIV. across the page and record time.
in seconds.
<21 sec = 6; 21.1 to 24 sec = 5; 24.1 to 27 sec = 4; 27.1 to 30 sec = 3;
30.1 to 33 sec = 2; 33.1 to 36 sec = 1; >36 sec = 0
4 ( ) MEMORY/RECALL
Ask for 4 words from Registration above. Give 1 point for each correct.
For words not recalled, prompt with a “semantic” clue, as follows:
animal (dog); piece of clothing (hat), color (green), fruit (peach).
Give 1/2 point for each correct word after prompting.
2 ( ) CONSTRUCTION
Copy the cube below; record time: seconds
<25 sec = 2; 25 to 35 sec = 1; >35 sec = 0
Infarto cerebral
Encefalitis viral
LEMP, Toxoplasmosis Tuberculosis
Neurosifilis
Criptococcus
ENFRENTAMIENTO IMAGINOLOGICO DE LAS LESIONES CEREBRALES EN PACIENTES VIH Drs. Gonzalo Miranda G(1), Carolina Díaz G(2), Holvis Dellien
Q(1), Int. Héctor Hermosilla Revista Chilena de Radiología. Vol. 14 Nº 4, 2008; 200-207.
Focal Neurological Disease in PaMents with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Daniel J. Skiest Clinical InfecMous Diseases 2002; 34:103–15
Focal Neurological Disease in PaMents with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Daniel J. Skiest Clinical InfecMous Diseases 2002; 34:103–15
• AlternaMva
• Dapsona + pirimetamina y leucovorina
• Atovacuona con o sin pirimetamina y leucovorina
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from
CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America April 10, 2009 /
Vol. 58 / No. RR-4
Focal Neurological Disease in PaMents with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Daniel J. Skiest Clinical InfecMous Diseases 2002; 34:103–15
Focal Neurological Disease in PaMents with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Daniel J. Skiest Clinical InfecMous Diseases 2002; 34:103–15
Focal Neurological Disease in PaMents with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Daniel J. Skiest Clinical InfecMous Diseases 2002; 34:103–15
Focal Neurological Disease in PaMents with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Daniel J. Skiest Clinical InfecMous Diseases 2002; 34:103–15
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from
CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America April 10, 2009 /
Vol. 58 / No. RR-4
Focal Neurological Disease in PaMents with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Daniel J. Skiest Clinical InfecMous Diseases 2002; 34:103–15
DiagnósMco y tratamiento de infecciones oportunistas en el paciente adulto con infección por VIH/SIDA Marhn Lasso B., Rev Chil Infect 2011; 28 (5):
440-460
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from
CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America April 10, 2009 /
Vol. 58 / No. RR-4
Síndrome cerebeloso secundario a granulomas de fosa posterior y tuberculosis mulMsistémica en un paciente con SIDA Claudio Navarrete A., Mónica
Rosas K., David Sáez Met al Rev Chil Infect 2008; 25 (2): 122-126
HIV-associated opportunisMc infecMons of the CNS Ik Lin Tan, Bryan R Smith, Gloria von Geldern, Farrah J Mateen, JusJn C McArthur Lancet Neurol
2012; 11: 605–17
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from
CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America April 10, 2009 /
Vol. 58 / No. RR-4
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from
CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America April 10, 2009 /
Vol. 58 / No. RR-4
Neurosífilis en pacientes portadores y no portadores de VIH: Descripción y comparación de dos cohortes históricas Marhn Lasso B., M. Elvira Balcells M., Ana Fernández S., Pablo Gaete G.,
Michel Serri V., Jorge Pérez G., Carolina Chain A., Inés Cerón A., Clara Duque O. y Anamaría Ramírez B. Rev Chil Infect 2009; 26 (6): 540-547
Neurosífilis en pacientes portadores y no portadores de VIH: Descripción y comparación de dos cohortes históricas Marhn Lasso B., M. Elvira Balcells M., Ana Fernández S., Pablo Gaete G.,
Michel Serri V., Jorge Pérez G., Carolina Chain A., Inés Cerón A., Clara Duque O. y Anamaría Ramírez B. Rev Chil Infect 2009; 26 (6): 540-547
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from
CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America April 10, 2009 /
Vol. 58 / No. RR-4
HIV-associated opportunisMc infecMons of the CNS Ik Lin Tan, Bryan R Smith, Gloria von Geldern, Farrah J Mateen, JusJn C McArthur Lancet Neurol
2012; 11: 605–17
• Manejo:
• TARV+ terapia anM CMV
• Ganciclovir 1ª línea
• Combinación ganciclovir + foscarnet ( limitado por toxicidad)
• Duración: Guías 21-28 días para coliMs x CMV
Guidelines for Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Adolescents Recommendations from
CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America April 10, 2009 /
Vol. 58 / No. RR-4