Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
0KPC8KTIKPKCFG#TCÕLQ.GKVG
,)WKNNGTOQ/KN¶P4COQU
/CTKC4KVC5CN\CPQ/QTCGU
QTICPK\CFQTGU
FGWOFKUEWTUQUGORCNCXTCU
®
DADOS INTERNACIONAIS DE CATALOGAÇÃO NA PUBLICAÇÃO (CIP)
(CÂMARA BRASILEIRA DO LIVRO, SP, BRASIL)
De um discurso sem palavras / Nina Virginia de Araújo Leite, J. Guillermo
Milán-Ramos, Maria Rita Salzano Moraes, (organizadores). – Campinas, SP :
Mercado de Letras, 2012. – (Coleção TerramaR)
12-10513 CDD-150.195
Índices para catálogo sistemático:
1. Ensaios psicanalíticos 150.195
2. Psicanálise : Ensaios 150.195
1a EDIÇÃO
AGOSTO/2012
Conforme as novas normas da ortografia do
Decreto Legislativo no 54 de 18 de abril de 1995.
— IMPRESSÃO DIGITAL —
=CCWUÄPEKCHQTOCEQNWPCUFGHWOQ?
'FWCTFQ(ÃNKZ/KN¶P
&GWOFKUEWTUQUGORCNCXTCUL#RTGUGPVCÁºQ
0KPC8FG#TCÕLQ.GKVG,)WKNNGTOQ/KN¶P4COQU
G/CTKC45/QTCGU
+ 2TQDNGOCVK\CÁÐGU
&CVCNMKPIEWTGCQFKUEWTUQUGORCNCXTCU
4KECTFQ)QNFGPDGTI
5GWOFKUEWTUQRQFGUGTUGOHCNCRCNCXTCU
GNGRQFGUGTUGOXQ\!
,GCP/KEJGN8KXGU
#HWPÁºQFCGUETKVCPCJKRÎVGUGFGWOFKUEWTUQ
SWGPºQUGTKCFQUGODNCPVG
0KPC8FG#TCÕLQ.GKVG
&GWOCXQ\UGORCNCXTCU
/CWTÈEKQ'WIÄPKQ/CNKUMC
3WGPºQHQUUGFQUGODNCPVGFQIGPKVKXQ
FCHCNCTWOQCQUNKOKVGUFQGUETKVQ
2CWNQ5ÃTIKQFG5QW\C,T
+NGIÈXGNNÎIKEQ
%CTNQU5GTCHKO/CTVKPG\
&OGZKUVKT´GUEWVCFQSWG
PºQUGFK\
8KXKCPG8GTCU
/ÎDKNGUFGWOFKUEWTUQFKRQGKPXQECÁºQ
%N¶WFKC#FG1NKXGKTC.GKVG
&KUEWTUQG2WNUºQ
%TKUVÎXºQ)KQXCPK$WTICTGNNK
&CCNÈPIWCCQUKIPKHKECPVGGQWVTCURCUUCIGPUQWCNÈPIWC
EQOQC\GKVGFCNKPIWCIGOGRCTCCENÈPKECRUKECPCNÈVKEC
'FWCTFQ#(WTVCFQ.GKVG
1GUETKVQCXGTFCFGCHCNCGCKPXGPÁºQFCRUKECP¶NKUG
8GTC.ÕEKC%QNWEEK
&QGUVTCPIGKTQGO(TGWFCQQPºQJ¶RNCECPKCPQ
$GVV[$(WMU
(TGWFGCKPXGPÁºQRQÃVKEC1*QOGO/QKUÃUGC.GVTC
6¸PKC(TGKTGFG/GNNQ
.ÈPIWCCNÈPIWCFKUEWTUQ
'FOWPFQ0CTTCEEK)CURCTKPK
++ 5GORCNCXTCUNKVWTCVGTTC
#WUGPEKC[QNXKFQUWUVKVWEKÎP[GOGTIÄPEKC
'FWCTFQ(ÃNKZ/KN¶P
/CNNCTOÃCGUVTWVWTCGPQXCURQUUKDKNKFCFGUFGGUETKVC
6¸PKC(TGKTGFG/GNNQ
2TQWUVGOFQKUVGORQUCPºQTGURQUVCGCUTCUWTCU
(NCXKC6TQEQNK
#.6'4#4LTGHNGZÐGUCRCTVKTFGWOCGUETKVCTCUWTCFC
,QCPC*QTUV4GUEKIPQ
#QDTCFG(GTPCPFQ2GUUQCFG%CGKTQC(CWUVQ
7OFKUEWTUQUGORCNCXTCU!
/CTMWU.CUEJ
7OFKUEWTUQUGORCNCXTCUVGORQVT¶IKEQGRQGUKC
)NÎTKC//QPVGKTQFG%CTXCNJQ
$QTIGUPQNKOKVGCHCNÄPEKCFQPCTTCTGQPCTTCTGOHCNÄPEKC
2CVTÈEKC.GOG
2QGO¶VJGOC.CECPCQGPEQPVTQFG)WKOCTºGU4QUC
#PC/CTKC8KEGPVKPKFG#\GXGFQ
#XQ\GUETKVCEQTRQGOC
(GTPCPFC)QPVKLQFG##DTGWG,CPCKPC4QEJCFG2CWNC
Q3WGOÃQGWSWGFK\GW!REQPUKFGTCÁÐGUCEGTEC
FQPQOGGO#OWNGVQFG4QDGTVQ$QNCÌQ
)GTW\C<GNP[UFG#NOGKFC
8KFCRTKXCFCGQDLGVQCL#VQ.CECPG6QNUVQK
'FUQP.WK\#PFTÃFG5QWUC
+++ 5GORCNCXTCUOWUKECNKFCFG
&QTGCNFQDCTWNJQCQTGCNFCXQ\COÕUKEC
FQKPEQPUEKGPVGGUGWUKORCUUGU
+PÄU%CVºQ
(KOEQOGÁQGPVTGUQOGUKNÄPEKQ
WOVGZVQRCTVKVWTCFG*CTQNFQFG%CORQU
%TKUVKPC5EJYCT\5KOQPG/QUEJGP
1PFCUUQPQTCURCNCXTCUEQPETGVCUL/WUKECNKFCFGG
RQGUKCPCQDTCFG)KNDGTVQ/GPFGU
&ÃDQTCFC(QPUGEC5GIGT
+8 5GORCNCXTCUENÈPKEC
*CDKVCVU
#PFTGC//CUCIºQ
&CPÁC´ECRGNC
5ÈNXKC0QIWGKTCFG%CTXCNJQ
-CPVCRCTVKTFG.KOKVGQW.KOKVGCRCTVKTFG-CPV
%KTQ+P¶EKQ/CTEQPFGU
1EKPGOCGPSWCPVQRQUUKDKNKFCFGFGWOCHCUVCOGPVQFGUK
/CTKCPCFC%QUVC5EJQTP
8+ 5GORCNCXTCURQNÈVKECGFWECÁºQ
HWICFCOQTVGL=VQFGUHWIWG?L
2CWN%GNCP
4WÈPCUFGRCNCXTCXKFCPWCGUVCFQFGGZEGÁºQGVGUVGOWPJQ
2CWNQ'PFQ
5¦#%47#2#.#84#CXKQNÄPEKCFCXGTFCFGGOVTCFWÁºQ
8KXKCPG8GTCU
'TCEQOQUGCXGTIQPJCNJGFGXGUUGUQDTGXKXGT
5WGN[#KTGU
'HGEVQUWLGVQGPUGÌCP\C[RUKEQCP¶NKUKU
#FTK¶P8KNNCNDC
#RUKECP¶NKUGGC1TFGORGFCIÎIKEC
4KPCNFQ8QNVQNKPK
'NNWICTFGNCXGTFCFGPGNFKUEWTUQWPKXGTUKVCTKQ
2CTCWPCGZÃIGUKUFGNQUEWCVTQFKUEWTUQUFG.CECP
#PC/CTÈC(GTP¶PFG\%CTCDCNNQ
5GTKCCGFWECÁºQCRGPCUWOCSWGUVºQFGGPWPEKCFQU!
)CDTKGNC)QOGU%QUVCTFK
+PVGTFKUEKRNKPCTKGFCFCHGEVCEKÎPVGÎTKEC[XGTFCF
7PCCRTQZKOCEKÎPHKNQUÎHKEC
/CTKCPGNNC.QTGP\Q
#P¶NKUKUFGNFKUEWTUQ[2UKEQCP¶NKUKU
NCEWGUVKÎPFGNOÃVQFQ
,)WKNNGTOQ/KN¶P4COQU
5QDTGQUCWVQTGU
&GWOFKUEWTUQUGO
RCNCXTCUL#RTGUGPVCÁºQ
1LQD9GH$UD~MR/HLWH
-*XLOOHUPR0LOiQ5DPRV
0DULD5LWD6DO]DQR0RUDHV
2V OLWRUDLV HP SVLFDQiOLVH WrP VLGR D PDUFD H WUDoR GLVWLQWLYRV GDV
SHVTXLVDVGHVHQYROYLGDVQRFHQWUR2XWUDUWHGHVGHVXDIXQGDomRHP
2VGRLVHQFRQWURVGHWUDEDOKRSURPRYLGRVHPHHOHJHUDPFRPR
WHPDVDWUDQVPLVVmRQDWHRULDGRVGLVFXUVRVGH-DFTXHV/DFDQHDHVSHFLIL
FLGDGHGDQRomRGHDWRHPSVLFDQiOLVH2VUHVXOWDGRVIRUDPFRQVLJQDGRV
HPGRLVYROXPHV*LURVGDWUDQVPLVVmRHPSVLFDQiOLVHH(QWUH$WR²RSRpWLFR
H R DQDOtWLFR H WDPEpP QR OLYUR LQWLWXODGR 7HUUDPDU ² OLWRUDLV HP
SVLFDQiOLVH ² WRGRV HOHV LQFOXtGRV QD FROHomR 7HUUDPDU GD (GLWRUD
0HUFDGRGH/HWUDV
! Ver: www.mercado-de-letras.com.br/livros.php?categoria=16.
" Como o presente volume, as três referidas publicações foram realizadas em parceria
com a Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (Fapesp).
9
&RPRXPQRYRDFRQWHFLPHQWRQHVVHSHUFXUVRRSUHVHQWHYROXPH
WUD]DS~EOLFRRVSULQFLSDLVWUDEDOKRVDSUHVHQWDGRVQD;-RUQDGD&RUSROLQJXD
JHP,,,(QFRQWUR2XWUDUWHRFRUULGRHPQRYHPEURGHQR,(/8QLFDPS
2WHPDGRHQFRQWUR'HXPGLVFXUVRVHPSDODYUDVFRQYRFRXSHVTXLVDGRUHV
SURIHVVRUHVHSVLFDQDOLVWDVGHGLYHUVDVLQVWLWXLo}HVGHHQVLQRHDVVRFLDo}HV
HHVFRODVGHSVLFDQiOLVHDWUDEDOKDUDDUWLFXODomRGDGLPHQVmRVHPSDODYUDV
GR DWR H R GLVFXUVR FRPR HVWUXWXUD ,JXDOPHQWH R OLYUR UH~QH DOJXQV
WUDEDOKRV DSUHVHQWDGRV QXPD MRUQDGD LQWHUQD GR &HQWUR DFRQWHFLGD HP
GH]HPEURGHQDTXDORVHPLQiULRGH-DFTXHV/DFDQ²'HXPGLVFXUVR
TXHQmRIRVVHVHPEODQWHIRLH[DPLQDGRjOX]GRGLVFXUVRVHPSDODYUDV
2FDUiWHUSROrPLFRGRWHPDGHYHVHUGHVWDFDGRXPDYH]TXHQmRVH
DSUHVHQWDFRPRREYLHGDGHDSHUVSHFWLYDGHDUWLFXODomRGRWHUPRGLVFXUVRH
DDXVrQFLDGHSDODYUDV$IRUPXODomRGHWDOVLQWDJPDGHYHVHUDWULEXtGDD
-DFTXHV/DFDQTXHHPGXDVVHVV}HVGHDEHUWXUDHPGRLVDQRVFRQVHFXWLYRV
RIHUHFHXDDRVRXYLQWHVGHVHXVHPLQiULR
(PGHQRYHPEURGH²LQLFLDQGRRVHPLQiULR²'HXP
2XWURDRRXWUR/DFDQHVFUHYHXQRTXDGURDVHJXLQWHIUDVH
8P DQR GHSRLV HP GH QRYHPEUR GH DR GDU LQtFLR DR
VHPLQiULR²2DYHVVRGDSVLFDQiOLVHSURIHULXDVHJXLQWHDILUPDomR
...il m’est arrive, l’année dernière en tout cas avec beaucoup d’insistence,
de distinguer ce qu’il en est du discours comme structure nécessaire de
quelque chose qui dépasse de beaucoup la parole toujours plus ou moins
ocasionnelle – que je préfère si je dit, mêmme afiché un jour, c’est un
discours sans parole(s).4
# Na tradução para o português do seminário 16, publicada pela editora Zahar, pode
ler-se: “A essência da teoria psicanalítica é um discurso sem fala” (Lacan
1968-1969[2008, p. 11]).
$ Igualmente, na versão brasileira do seminário 17, publicada pela editora Zahar, lê-se:
“Ocorreu-me com muita insistência no ano passado distinguir o que está em questão
no discurso como uma estrutura necessária, que ultrapassa em muito a palavra,
sempre mais ou menos ocasional. O que prefiro, disse, e até proclamei um dia, é um
discurso sem palavras” (Lacan 1969-1970[1992, pp. 10-11]).
10
1mRpVHPLPSRUWkQFLDTXHQD~OWLPDFLWDomRWHQKDPRVFRORFDGR
HQWUHSDUrQWHVHDPDUFDGHSOXUDOLGDGHQDSDODYUD´SDUROHµXPDYH]TXH
HQFRQWUDPRVQDHVWHQRJUDILDGHVWDDXODGRVHPLQiULRDUDVXUDGR´Vµ(VVH
SHTXHQRGHWDOKHTXHjVYH]HVSDVVDGHVSHUFHELGRDFHQGHXSULPHLUDPHQWH
TXHVW}HVGHWUDGXomRGRIUDQFrVSDUDRSRUWXJXrVTXHVW}HVTXHLQWHUURJD
UDPDPDWHULDOLGDGHHVFULWDGDLQVFULomRQRTXDGURQRVHPLQiULRHP
RSRVLomRDRFDUiWHUIDODGRGHVHXSURIHULPHQWRQRVHPLQiULRDQWHFLSDQ
GRHID]HQGRQRVVHQWLUDDEHUWXUDHDVUDPLILFDo}HVGRDVVXQWRFRQFUHWL
]DGDVKRMHQDGLVSHUVmRGHOHLWXUDVUHXQLGDVQRSUHVHQWHYROXPHVRERWtWXOR
'HXPGLVFXUVRVHPSDODYUDV
'H´XQGLVFRXUVVDQVSDUROHVµD´'·XQGLVFRXUVTXLQHVHUDLWSDVGXVHPEODQWµ
²RSUHVHQWHYROXPHDERUGDHVVHHQGHUHoDPHQWRSDUWLFXODUGRSHQVDPHQWR
GH -DFTXHV /DFDQ UHVVDOWDQGR VHXV SULQFLSDLV DVSHFWRV H GLPHQV}HV $
WUDQVPLVVmRHDFOtQLFDGDSVLFDQiOLVHVHGHVORFDPSRUVXFHVVLYRVkPELWRVH
SUiWLFDV²DHVFULWDDDUWHDSROtWLFDDHGXFDomR²TXHDJHPFRPRFDL[DVGH
UHVVRQkQFLDSDUDDHODERUDomRWHyULFDFRPRRHVSDoRQRTXDORVLJQLILFDQWH
HDOHWUDRVHPEODQWHHRREMHWR´FROLGHPµVRERLQIOX[RGRUHDOHPEDVDQGR
JHVWRVGHVLQJXODUL]DomRKDELOLWDQGRSHUFXUVRVGHHVFULWDTXHGHL[DPHQWUH
YHURUDVWURSDVVRGRVXMHLWR
'HXPGLVFXUVRVHPSDODYUDVLQLFLDVHHPXPDSiJLQDVROWDHVFRUUHJDGLD
R SRHPD ´/D DXVHQFLD IRUPD FROXPQDV GH KXPRµ GH (GXDUGR 0LOiQ
UHHQTXDGUH GH SiJLQD ² p[WLPR DR FRUSR GR OLYUR XP FULYR GH YR]HV ²
PRQWDJHPGHOHWUDVSHUGDLQWHUUXSomRHDXVrQFLD
(PVHJXLGDQDSULPHLUDVHomRGROLYUR3UREOHPDWL]Do}HVLQLFLDVHXPD
DEUDQJHQWHH[SORUDomRHPWRUQRGRWHUPR´GLVFXUVRµHGDGHWHUPLQDomR
TXHDTXLLQWHUHVVD´VHPSDODYUDVµ'HVWDTXHPRVRVWUrVSULPHLURVWH[WRV
HP´'DWDONLQJFXUHDRGLVFXUVRVHPSDODYUDVµGH5LFDUGR*ROGHQEHUJR
OHLWRU HQFRQWUDUi XPD DERUGDJHP FRPSUHHQVLYD GHVVH DVVXQWR QRWDQGR
GLYHUVDVDFHSo}HVSRVVtYHLVGRVHPSDODYUDVVHPIDODHPFRQWLQXDLPSOLFDomR
FRPRGLVFXUVRGRDQDOLVWDORJRGHSRLVHP´6HXPGLVFXUVRSRGHVHUVHP
IDODSDODYUDV HOH SRGH VHU VHP YR]"µ -HDQ0LFKHO 9LYHV VH DGHQWUD QDV
YLFLVVLWXGHVGRREMHWRSXOVLRQDOYR]DSXOVmRLQYRFDQWHIDFHDR´GLVFXUVR
VHPIDODµTXHVHFRQILJXUDSHORVLOrQFLRGRDQDOLVWDGHSRLVHP´$IXQomR
GDHVFULWDQDKLSyWHVHGHXPGLVFXUVRTXHQmRVHULDGRVHPEODQWHµ1LQD
11
/HLWHDERUGDRHQTXDGUHWHyULFRVREUHRHVFULWRHRVHPEODQWHTXH/DFDQ
GHVGREUDQRVHPLQiULR²'HXPGLVFXUVRTXHQmRIRVVHVHPEODQWH
1DVHTXrQFLDROHLWRUHQFRQWUDUiXPFRQMXQWRGHWH[WRVQRVTXDLV
VHPSUHHPGLiORJRHFRQWUDVWHFRPDWHRULDODFDQLDQDGRHVFULWRRGLVFXUVR
VHPSDODYUDVpDERUGDGRHLQWHUURJDGRGHVGHXPDYDULHGDGHGHSHUVSHFWLYDV
FRPXPDPXOWLSOLFLGDGHGHLPSOLFkQFLDVSDUDDWHRULDSVLFDQDOtWLFDWH[WRGH
0DXULFLR0DOLVNDSDUDRGLVFXUVRHRVHPEODQWHQRVHPLQiULRWH[WRGH
3DXORGH6RX]D-USDUDDIRUPDOL]DomRHRXVRGRVTXDQWLILFDGRUHVWDPEpP
QRVHPLQiULR&DUORV0DUWLQH]SDUDRHTXtYRFR8QEHZXVVWHO·XQHEpYXH
DHVFXWDGRLQFRQVFLHQWHHVHXVOLPLWHV9LYLDQH9HUDVSDUDDOHLWXUDGR
JUDIR GR GHVHMR HQTXDQWR SDXWD GH OHLWXUD GRV PRYLPHQWRV GR eGLSR
&OiXGLD/HLWHSDUDDDUWLFXODomRHQWUHFRUSRSXOVLRQDOVHPEODQWHHLQFRQV
FLHQWH*LRYDQL%XUJDUHOOLSDUDDDOLQJXDHRVWHPSRVGHVXDHPHUJrQFLD
(GXDUGR)/HLWHSDUDRVIXQGDPHQWRVHLQYHQomRGDWHRUL]DomRSVLFDQD
OtWLFDSHODYLDGDFRUUHVSRQGrQFLDHQWUH)UHXGH)OLHVV9HUD&ROXFFLSDUD
DTXHVWmRGRSDLWUDoDQGRXPFRQWUDSRQWRHQWUHR0RLVpVGH)UHXGHRV
VHPLQiULRVHGH/DFDQ%HWW\)XNVSDUDRHVWDWXWRGHVDEHUHRYDORU
GHYHUGDGHTXHDHVFULWDGR0RLVpVWHYHQRSHUFXUVRIUHXGLDQR7kQLD)GH
0HOORHILQDOPHQWHQDDUWLFXODomRHQWUHOtQJXDDOtQJXDHGLVFXUVR(GPXQ
GR*DVSDULQL
$VHJXQGDVHomRGROLYUR6HPSDODYUDVOLWXUDWHUUDWHPVXDDEHUWXUD
FRP´$XVHQFLD\ROYLGRVXVWLWXFLyQ\HPHUJHQFLDµHQVDLRGRSRHWDXUX
JXDLR (GXDUGR 0LOiQ XP SHUFXUVR SHOR HVWDWXWR GD SDODYUD SRpWLFD QR
VpFXOR1RVWH[WRVVHJXLQWHV²WH[WRVGHDSUR[LPDomRHQWUHSVLFDQiOLVHH
OLWHUDWXUD²DHVFULWDOLWHUiULDLQWHUURJDRGLVFXUVRVHPSDODYUDVDWUDYpVGHXP
FRQWUDVWHGDVSURSULHGDGHVHVWUXWXUDLVERUURPHDQDVHDHVFULWDGH0DOODUPp
SDVVDQGRSRU3RXQG$GH&DPSRVH)HQROORVD7kQLD)GH0HOORDSDUWLU
GH 3URXVW H D DFHSomR ODFDQLDQD GD UDVXUD )ODYLD 7URFROL SHOD HVFULWD
UDVXUDGD²$/7(5$5²GH:DOO\6DORPmR-RDQD+5HVFLJQRSRUXPD
DSUR[LPDomRHQWUH/DFDQ$GRUQRHR)DXVWRGH3HVVRD0DUNXV/DVFKD
SDUWLUGHXPDDERUGDJHP´GHVQDWXUDOL]DGDµGRWHPSRWUiJLFRHPSRHVLD
H[HPSOLILFDGRHP7DEDFDULDGHÉOYDURGH&DPSRV3HVVRD*OyULD0GH
&DUYDOKR DWUDYpV GR ´QDUUDU HP IDOrQFLDµ GH XP ´LPSODFiYHO PHVWUH
GHVWLWXtGRµ -RUJH / %RUJHV 3DWULFLD /HPH ID]HQGR ´FROLGLUµ SRHPD H
PDWKHPDQR´SRHPiWKHPDµ²RHVWDWXWRSDUDGR[DOGRUHDOQDHVFULWDGH
*XLPDUmHV 5RVD $QD 0 9LFHQWLQL GH $]HYHGR QR ´FRUSRHPDµ ² QD
HVFULWDIUDJPHQWDULDPDUFDGDGHYR]HVLOrQFLRGH0DULD*DEULHOD/ODQVRO
12
)HUQDQGD*RQWLMRGH$UD~MRH-DQDtQD5RFKDGH3DXODQRMRJRGHYR]HV
ILFFLRQDLV ² GHVOL]DPHQWR GH QRPHV ² HP $PXOHWR GH 5REHUWR %RODxR
*HUX]D=GH$OPHLGDHILQDOPHQWHQXPDDSUR[LPDomRSRQWXDOHQWUH
/DFDQH7ROVWRLDSDUWLUGRURPDQFH$PRUWHGH,YDQ,OLWFK(GVRQGH6RX]D
2WH[WR´'RUHDOGREDUXOKRDRUHDOGDYR]DP~VLFDGRLQFRQVFLHQWH
HVHXVLPSDVVHVµGH,QrV&DWmRGiFRPHoRD6HPSDODYUDVPXVLFDOLGDGH²
WHUFHLUDVHomRGRYROXPH(PVXDDEUDQJrQFLDWHyULFDWHFHUHODo}HVHQWUH
EDUXOKRHYR]YR]HPXVLFDOLGDGHSRHVLDHLQWHUYHQomRGRDQDOLVWDFRQVWL
WXLQGRXPDH[SORUDomRGDLQVFULomRVXEMHWLYDGDOLQJXDJHPHPVXDUHODomR
FRPDYR]HDPXVLFDOLGDGH'RLVWH[WRVFRPSOHPHQWDPDVHomR´)LPFRPHoR
HQWUHVRPHVLOrQFLRXPWH[WRSDUWLWXUDGH+DUROGRGH&DPSRVµGH&ULVWLQD
6FKZDU]H6LPRQH0RVFKHQVREUHRSRHPD*DOD[LDVGRUHIHULGRSRHWDH
WUDGXWRUSDXOLVWDH´2QGDVVRQRUDVSDODYUDVFRQFUHWDV²0XVLFDOLGDGHH
SRHVLDQDREUDGH*LOEHUWR0HQGHVµGH'pERUDGD)RQVHFD6HJHUTXHVH
UHIHUHjSDUFHULDGH*LOEHUWR0HQGHVFRPRVSRHWDVFRQFUHWRVHPHVSHFLDO
D FRPSRVLomR SDUD YR]HV QDVFHPRUUH RULJLQDGD QR SRHPD KRP{QLPR GH
+DUROGRGH&DPSRV
$ VHomR VHJXLQWH6HPSDODYUDVFOtQLFDWHPLQtFLRFRPRWH[WR´'D
UHFXVDDID]HUVHPEODQWHµGHÇQJHOD9RUFDURTXHWUDWDGRDXWLVPR7DO
SRVLomRVXEMHWLYDFRPR´QmRVHDJDUUDDRILRGDOLQJXDJHPSDUDMRJDUR
GLVFXUVRGRVHPEODQWHQmRVHRUGHQDQDOLQJXDJHPµGL]9RUFDUR1D
VHTXrQFLDRWH[WRGH/XFLD&DVWHOOR%UDQFR-RVp0DUFRV52OLYHLUD(ULFN
*RQWLMR&RVWD-RmR5RFKDWUD]VXFHVVLYDVLPSUHVV}HVHGHSRLPHQWRVVREUH
DH[SHULrQFLDGHQRPLQDGD´3UiWLFDGDOHWUDµUHDOL]DGDSRUPDLVGHDQRV
QDTXDOSRUXPYLpVFOtQLFRDSRVWDQGRQRVHIHLWRVGDOHWUDSURFXUDVHXPD
DSUR[LPDomRHQWUHSVLFDQiOLVHHVFULWDOLWHUDWXUDHORXFXUD(PVHJXLGDQR
WH[WRFROHWLYR´/DoRHP(OLSVLµGRJUXSR(VSDoRGHOLQJXDJHPHSVLFDQiOLVH
&HQWUR2XWUDUWHSURS}HVHXPDUHIOH[mRVREUHVHXSHUFXUVRDWUDYHVVDGD
SHODpWLFDGDSVLFDQiOLVHDFULDomRGHXPHVSDoRGHGLVFXVVmRFOtQLFDHD
SVLFDQiOLVHFRPFULDQoDVFRQWLQXDomR0LOWRQGD&RVWDH0DULD&3ROL
DSUHVHQWDPRWH[WR´27UDQVH[XDOLVPRHD&LUXUJLDGH5HGHVLJQDomR6H[XDO
XP DWR HP EXVFD GH SDODYUDVµ XP DSDQKDGR GDV SRVLo}HV WHyULFDV HP
SVLFDQiOLVHVREUHRWUDQVH[XDOLVPR/RJRGHSRLVFRQFOXLQGRHVVDVHomR
0DULDQD ,QpV *DUEDULQR DSUHVHQWD XP WH[WR QR TXDO SURFXUD PRVWUDU D
GLDOpWLFDGDFRQVWUXomRGDVWHRULDVVH[XDLVLQIDQWLVHPVXDDUWLFXODomRFRP
RVPLWRVHQGRSVtTXLFRV
13
$VHomR6HPSDODYUDVLPDJHPHVSDoRWHPLQtFLRFRPRWH[WR´+DELWDWVµ
GH$QGUHD0DVDJmR&RPHQWDQGRRQHRORJLVPRGH/DFDQDDXWRUDDILUPD
´7DOYH]VWDELWDWVHMDXPDPDQHLUDGHFLUFXQVFUHYHURLQDELWiYHOµ²HVSDFLDOL
]DomRGRJR]RTXHpDERUGDGDDSDUWLUGD´FDVDIHLWDGHLPSUHVV}HVyVVHDV
HYLVFHUDLVµHGD´FDVDIHLWDGHQDGDµ1RWH[WRVHJXLQWH´'DQoDjFDSHODµ
6LOYLD1RJXHLUDGH&DUYDOKRROKDSDUDDREUDGDDUWLVWDSOiVWLFD/DXUD9LQFL
FRPR SDUWH GD H[SHULrQFLD GH ´OHLWXUD FRPSDUWLOKDGD FRPR DWR GH
VXSHUDomRGDVUHVLVWrQFLDVTXHDREUDGHVSHUWDµUHDOL]DGDQRFLFOR&RPRROKDU
DREUDRUJDQL]DGRSHORJUXSRGH$UWHH3VLFDQiOLVH(%(36mR3DXOR1D
VHTXrQFLD ´.DQW D SDUWLU GH /LPLWH RX /LPLWH D SDUWLU GH .DQWµ &LUR ,
0DUFRQGHV LQWHUURJD DV SRVVLELOLGDGHV H RV LPSDVVHV GD ´DSOLFDomRµ GD
HVWpWLFDWUDQVFHQGHQWDOGH.DQWDSDUWLUGHXPH[HPSOR²RILOPH/LPLWH
GH0DULR3HL[RWR²TXHVHUHYHODUiFRPRVXDDOHJRULDHFUtWLFD(P
VHJXLGDQR~OWLPRWH[WRGDVHomR0DULDQDGD&RVWD6FKRUQSDUWHGRUHODWR
GDFKHJDGDGRFLQHPDD0DFRQGRHP&LHQDxRVGH6ROHGDGGH*DEULHO*DUFLD
0iUTXH] SDUD UHIOHWLU VREUH ´2 FLQHPD HQTXDQWR SRVVLELOLGDGH GH XP
DIDVWDPHQWRGHVLµ
$~OWLPDSDUWHGROLYUR6HPSDODYUDVSROtWLFDHGXFDomRLQLFLDVHFRPR
WH[WR´5XtQDVGHSDODYUDYLGDQXDHVWDGRGHH[FHomRHWHVWHPXQKRµGH
3DXOR(QGR2DXWRUHPGLiORJRFRPDVWHRUL]Do}HVGH)UHXG%ODQFKRWH
$JDPEHQ H DGRWDQGR FRPR SRQWR GH SDUWLGD R HVWDWXWR GD SDODYUD QR
SRHPD ´IXJD GD PRUWHµ WRGHVIXJXH GH 3DXO &HODQ SURGX] XPD LQWHQVD
UHIOH[mRVREUHDSRVVLELOLGDGHGRDWRGHWHVWHPXQKR1DVHTXrQFLD6XHO\
$LUHVHP´(UDFRPRVHDYHUJRQKDOKHGHYHVVHVREUHYLYHUµH[DPLQDRDIHWRGD
YHUJRQKDQRVWHVWHPXQKRVGHVREUHYLYHQWHVGRVFDPSRVGHFRQFHQWUDomR
DSDUWLUGRVHVFULWRVGH3ULPR/HYL5REHUW$QWHOPH.HUWpV]H.OJHU1D
WULOKDDEHUWDSHORLPSDFWRGHVVHVWH[WRVROHLWRUSRGHUiHQFRQWUDU´6yDFUXD
SDODYUDDYLROrQFLDGDYHUGDGHHPWUDGXomRµGH9LYLDQH9HUDVVREUHD
H[SHULrQFLD GH HQYROYLPHQWR GRV WUDGXWRUHV QRV WUDEDOKRV GD &RPLVVmR
6XO$IULFDQDGH9HUGDGHH5HFRQFLOLDomRSHUDQWHRWHVWHPXQKRGDVYtWLPDVHR
GHSRLPHQWRGRVWRUWXUDGRUHVHDJHQWHVGRDSDUWKHLG(PVHJXLGDMiWHPDWL
]DQGR TXHVW}HV GH HGXFDomR H HQVLQR HP ´(IHFWR VXMHWR HQVHxDQ]D \
SVLFRDQiOLVLVµ $GULiQ 9LOODOED DFRPSDQKD R SHUFXUVR GR VXUJLPHQWR GR
VXMHLWRGRVLJQLILFDQWHQRHQVLQRGH/DFDQFRQGLomRSDUDDLQWURGXomRGH
XPD UHIOH[mR VREUH R HGXFDU HQTXDQWR SURILVVmR LPSRVVtYHO /RJR HP
VHJXLGDRWH[WR´$SVLFDQiOLVHHD2UGHPSHGDJyJLFDµGH5LQDOGR9ROWROLQL
UHYLVLWD DV YLFLVVLWXGHV GD UHODomR HQWUH D SVLFDQiOLVH H D HGXFDomR 1D
14
VHTXrQFLD$QD0DUtD)HUQiQGH]&DUDEDOOR²QRWH[WR´(OOXJDUGHODYHUGDG
HQHOGLVFXUVRXQLYHUVLWDULR3DUDXQDH[pJHVLVGHORVFXDWURGLVFXUVRVGH
/DFDQµ ² LQWHUURJD D SHUWLQrQFLD GD DSURSULDomR GH FRQFHSWXDOL]Do}HV
ODFDQLDQDVYHUGDGVDEHUGLVFXUVRQDGLVFXVVmRWHyULFDGRHQVLQRXQLYHU
VLWiULR'HSRLV*DEULHOD*&RVWDUGLQRWH[WR´6HULDDHGXFDomRDSHQDV
XPD TXHVWmR GH HQXQFLDGRV"µ DGHQWUDVH QD GLPHQVmR HQXQFLDWLYD GR
GLVFXUVRSDUDTXHVWLRQDUDSRVVLELOLGDGHGHFRQVWLWXLUXPDSUiWLFDSHGDJy
JLFDDSDUWLUGDVXEMHWLYDomRGDGLIHUHQoD(P´,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULHGDGDIHF
WDFLyQWHyULFD\YHUGDG8QDDSUR[LPDFLyQILORVyILFDµ0DULDQHOOD/RUHQ]R
GLVFXWHDSRVVLELOLGDGHGDLQWHUGLVFLSOLQDULGDGHDSDUWLUGDQRomRGHYHUGDGH
WUDEDOKDGDSRU$ODLQ%DGLRX)LQDOPHQWHDSDUWLUGD´SUiWLFDPDWHULDOLVWDGH
OHLWXUDµYHULILFDGDQR´UHWRUQRD)UHXGµGH-/DFDQ-*0LOiQ5DPRV
TXHVWLRQD R OXJDU H RV FRQGLFLRQDPHQWRV GR ´PpWRGRµ QD $QiOLVH GR
'LVFXUVR3rFKHX[²XPDYH]REVHUYDGRRGHFOtQLRUHFXVDGDGLPHQVmR
SROtWLFDHVXDFRORQL]DomRSHORGLVFXUVRSHGDJyJLFR
&DPSLQDVMXOKRGH
15