IS:456-2000 is the Indian Standard Code for plain and reinforced concrete.

This write up will

give you an overview and main points in the code, these points can be used in all competitive
examination (of course you should read it once for further details), this write up is only
comprehensional and it is assumed that reader is well versed with standard design parameters,
notation and practices.

Properties of materials
Maximum size of aggregates – 1/4th of the thickness of member section
pH value of water -not less than 6
Modulus of elasticity of steel Es – 200Kn/m2

Modulus of elasticity of concrete Ec – 5000√fck

Characteristic yield stress -minimum yield stress/0.2% proof stress

Flexural strength -0.7√fck

Ordinary concrete -M10, M15, M20
Standard concrete -M25-M55
High strength concrete -M60-M80
Shrnkage strain -0.0003
Creep coefficient -2.2, 1.6, 1.1(7days, 28days, 1year)
Unit weight of concrete -24Kn/m3(plain), 25Kn/m3(RCC)
Design -General
Overturning – 0.9Mr/Mo >= 1.4 or 1.2Mr/Mo >= 1.4
Lateral sway – <H/500
Effective span
S.S beam -Clear + ‘d’ or c/c between supprots
Continous -c/c but maximum bearing is 600mm (< L/12)
Frames -always c/c
Span/depth ratio–> Beam
Cantilever -7
SS -20
Continous -26
Slab
 SS - 35
Continous - 40
Minimum eccentricity in columns - 500+’d’/30
Maximum l/r ratio -60
Spacing of bars -not less than {dia of bar , dia of larger bar, 5mm more than nominal max.
Size of aggregates}
Spacing in slabs – Main bars - 3 times ‘d’ or 300mm (smaller of two)
Distribution bars -5 times ‘d’ or 450mm (smaller of two)
Nominl cover - 20,30,45,50,75(mild, moderate, severe, very severe, extreme)
minimum tension reinforcement -As/bd = .85/Fy
column reinforcement - 0.8 to 6%(4% desirable)
4 num in rectangular and 6 num in circular
bar dia not less than 12mm
peripheral spacing less than 300mm
limit state design
Crack width -less than 0.3mm, 0.1mm for severe
Charecteristic strength -more than 5% not expected to fall below
Charecteristic load -95% probability not exceeding
Flexure: max. Strain -Fy/1.15Es + 0.002
250 -0.53
415 -0.48
500 -0.46
Compression: maximum strain -0.002
Pu = 0.4Fck Ac + 0.67Fy Asc
Helical reinforcement -1.05Pu
Additional moment in slencer colums = Pu*D/2000{Lex/D}2
Working stress method
Modular ratio, m = 280/3σcbc

Vs = σsv*Asv*d/Sv
Legend:
1) c/c – centre to centre
2) Fck – charecteristic compressive strength of concrete
3) Asc – Area of steel
4) SS – Simply supported
mportant Points to Remember Practical Things
1. The minimum thickness of the slab is five inches.

2. Water absorption should not be more than 20 % in brick and not more than 5 % in stones.
3.Dimension tolerance for cubes +
– 2 mm
3. Lapping is not allowed for the bars having diameters more than 36 mm, it is then welded.
4. 5.

Chair spacing maximum spacing is 1.00 m (or) 1 No per 1m

2
.6.

For dowels rod minimum of 12 mm diameter should be used.7.

Chairs minimum of 12 mm diameter bars to be used.8.

Longitudinal reinforcement not less than 0.8% and more than 6% of gross C/S.9.

Minimum bars for square column is 4 No’s and 6 No’s for circular column.
10.

Main bars in the slabs shall not be less than 8 mm (HYSD) or 10 mm (Plain bars) and thedistributors not less than 8
mm and not more than 1/8 of slab thickness.11.

The minimum thickness of the slab is 125 mm.12.

Free fall of concrete is allowed maximum to 1.50m, because it causes segregation inconcrete.13.

PH value of the water should not be less than 6 and not greater than 8.5.14.

Compressive strength of Bricks is 3.5 N / mm15.

In steel reinforcement, binding wire required is 8 kg per MT.16.

In soil filling as per IS code, 3 samples should be taken for core cutting test for every100m
2
.17.

In soil filling as per IS code for every 100 sqm, 3 sample for core cutting test should betaken.18.

Electrical conduits shall not run in the column.19.

Earth work excavation for basement above 3 m should be stepped form.20.

Any backfilling shall be compacted 95% of dry density at the optimum moisture contentand in layers not more
than 200mm for filling above structure and 300 mm for nostructure.21.

Soling is specified the soling stones shall be laid at 45° to 60° inclination (and notvertical) with interstices filled with
sand.22.

A set of cube tests shall be carried out for each 30 cum of concrete / each level of casting/ each batch of cement.23.

Water cement ratio for different grades of concrete shall not exceed 0.45 for M20 andabove and 0.50 For M10 /
M15.24.

For concrete grades, M20 and above approved admixture shall be used as per mix designrequirements.25.

Cement shall be stored in dry places on a raised platform about 200mm above floor leveland 300mm away from walls.
Bags to be stacked not more than 10 bags high in such amanner that it is adequately protected from moisture
and contamination.26.

Samples from fresh concrete shall be taken and at least a set of 6 cubes of 150mm shall be prepared and cured. 3
Cubes each at 7 days and 28 days shall be tested forcompressive strength. The test results should be submitted to
engineer for approval. Ifresults are unsatisfactory necessary action/rectification/remedial measures has to beexercised.

27.

Water used for both mixing and curing shall be clean and free from deleterious materialslike oils, acids, alkalis, salts,
sugar and organic materials or other substances that may bedeleterious to concrete or steel. The ph. shall be generally
between 6 and 8