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CORROSION PROTECTION
( SPECIFICATION )
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CONTENTS
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1 GENERAL
This specification generally covers surface protections against corrosion and defines the
minimum requirements for surface preparation/treatment, protective coatings and painting for
structural steel, iron works, metal and other non-metallic surfaces.
The following shall be applicable and shall be considered:
a) All metallic parts (except stainless steel parts) used inside closed rooms shall be painted or
galvanised.
b) All metallic parts used outdoor shall be galvanized and painted.
c) Zink and paints and related protection material shall be in accordance with the latest
international standards as a minimum requirement, and shall comply with the requirements of
proper health, safety, and environmental conditions.
d) Equipment to be used for performing the required galvanizing or painting, should be
equivalent to the equipment recommended by the paint manufacturer and should be suitable
to apply the coating as specified.
e) Painting materials shall be delivered to locations where painting is to be carried out, in
unopened original containers, which shall bear a legible product designation, batch number,
date of manufacture and expiry date. The date of manufacture must not be before the date of
paint system approval.
f) Only complete paint kits shall be mixed. No partial kits will be accepted. Surplus Paint in
Pots of expired mixed material must not be used after the expiry date of these materials.
g) The painting material shall be handled and stored in accordance with the paint
manufacturer’s latest published instructions and shall be protected against damage, moisture,
direct sunlight and temperatures.
h) Storage temperature of paint shall range between 5oC and 35oC.
i) Compressed air used for cleaning, surface preparation (abrasive blasting) and application
shall be free of oil and moisture.
j) Blasting material shall be clean and free from oil or contaminants. The particle size shall be
capable of achieving specified surface profile.
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ASTM 123 Zinc (hot-dip galvanised) coating on Iron & steel products
ASTM A165 Specifications for Electrodeposited Coatings of Cadmium on Steel
ASTM A386 Specifications for Zinc Coating (Hot Dip) on Assembled Steel Products
ASTM A525 Specifications for General Requirements, Steel Sheet, Zinc Coated
(Galvanised) by the Hot Dip process
ASTM 8633 Specifications for Electrodeposited coatings of Zinc on Iron and Steel
ISO 4578 Adhesives – Determination of peel resistance of high strength adhesive bonds
>Floating-Roller method<
ISO 4624 Paints and varnishes >Pull-Off test for adhesion<
ISO 4628-1 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of
quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in
appearance >Part 1: General introduction and designation system<
ISO 4628-2 Paints and varnishes – Evaluation of degradation of coatings – Designation of
quantity and size of defects, and of intensity of uniform changes in
appearance >Part 2: Assessment of degree of blistering<
DIN 55928 Protective painting of steel structures – instructions
DIN 55945 Painting materials
DIN 18363 Paint work – buildings
DIN 18364 Surface protection work for steel
DIN 53210 Determination of rust degree
DIN 55151 Determination of adhesion
SIS 05 5900 Surface cleaning
BS EN 1461
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All materials shall be protected against corrosion and damage due to the influence of the
prevailing climatic conditions including the incidence of dust, sandstorms and seawater spray.
The Bidder/Contractor shall bear the responsibility for all losses and damages, which may, occur
through inadequate measures against such influences and shall replace the damaged parts at his
cost.
The Bidder/Contractor shall bear the full responsibility for galvanizing and paint applied by him
or by others.
The complete painting and corrosion protection system is guaranteed for a period of not less than
5 years after the Final Acceptance Certificate.
The Bidder/Contractor shall provide a Guarantee Performance Bond to assure the performance
of extended guarantee obligations for corrosion protection. The Bidder/Contractor (after FAC)
shall carry out during the extended guarantee period any repair or replacement on the corrosion
protection executed under this specification at no additional cost after being intimated by
ADDC/AADC.
If the repairs are not carried out to the satisfaction of ADDC/AADC, these repairs shall be
performed by others, who will be assigned by ADDC/AADC, and the costs thereof shall be
borne by activating the Performance Bond valid for the extended guarantee obligations.
4 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
All painting and corrosion protection works shall be performed under strict safety conditions,
primarily adequate ventilation and protection from open flames, spark and excessive heat.
The Bidder/Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to protect personnel and property
from hazards due to falls, injuries, toxic fumes, fires, explosions or other dangers.
All paint and thinners shall be stored in areas, which are well ventilated and protected. The
Bidder/Contractor shall consider air-conditioned storage facilities due to the limited store-ability
of the paints required.
Temporary constructions, ladders scaffolding, runways, etc. required for safe execution of the
painting work shall be rigidly built so as to safely support four times the weight of all materials,
apparatus, equipment and workers thereon.
Test Instruments
The surface preparations for steel iron works shall be compared with the relevant pictures of SIS
05 5900. The surface profile shall be measured by using a Profilometer, i.e. Tester Tape.
If required by ADDC/AADC/ENGINEER copper sulfate test shall be carried out to check for
residual mill scales.
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The dry film thickness or galvanization thickness on steel shall be measured by means of a
magnetic or electrical thickness gauge such as "Microtester" or "Elcometer", and recorded in a
tabulated form, indicating each layer of coat and the total dry film thickness.
In case of fluid retaining structures, pinhole detection shall be carried out by means of low-
voltage, non-destructive flow detector, whereas, in the case of rubber lining or wrapping,
damages shall be checked by means of a spark tester.
During application of paint the wet film thickness shall be checked continuously by means of an
approved wet film thickness gauge. Also, the dew point has to be monitored continuously by
through an approved instrument and methods of measurements/ recording.
A pull-off adhesion test must be used in case of paint on concrete and steel surfaces.
An approved type of multi-cross cutter for adhesion tests depending on the thickness of the
coating is also required.
For the above mentioned tests which shall be performed in the presence of ADDC/AADC, all
respective instruments shall be provided by the Bidder/Contractor, and shall be kept in good
working condition and valid/certified calibration.
5 MATERIALS
The materials of successive coats shall be from the same manufacturer and subject to
ADDC/AADC’s approval before relevant orders are placed.
Materials shall be used from a manufacturer who has good experience with his products with
regard to corrosion protection in such special areas. Further reference for supply of samples is
made hereafter.
Materials, which are to be supplied and used for the surface protection work (e.g. paints, filling
cements, metallic coating etc.,) must comply with quality regulations and standards, as well as
with the following provisions and any special permit conditions and official regulations. Should
a certain material, stipulated in the Specification, not possible to get during the design/execution
of the paint system, it shall be possible subject to an approval by ADDC/AADC, to use an
alternative material that can be proven to be at least equal in quality and suitability.
The Bidder/Contractor shall obtain the paint manufacturer's specific recommendations,
directions and specific provisions for application. These recommendations and directions shall be
strictly adhered to. The use of any amount of thinners is restricted to the permission of
ADDC/AADC and paint manufacturer.
All paints shall be delivered in their original undamaged sealed containers and shall remain
unopened until required for use. Paint, which has gelled or otherwise deteriorated over the
storage period, shall not be used.
The quality of the paints should be such that they do not form solid sediment but, at most, a
slight skin in unopened original containers over a period of not less than six months calculated
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from the manufactures delivery date. A paint which has formed a solid sediment or more than
just a slight skin in the unopened original containers by the time of use or which cannot be
processed satisfactorily shall not be used. A sediment shall be regarded as solid if it cannot be
dispelled again quickly and completely by stirring with an adequate electric driven mixer
(maximum speed 350 to 400 rpm).
Paint that does not have to be prepared by mixing several constituents should be delivered to the
site, just prior to use, in such a state of readiness that they need only be adjusted to brushing or
spraying consistency. This is to meet the relevant working conditions, such as temperature, by
adding the particular thinners as per the manufacturer instructions, which shall be subject to
ADDC/AADC approval.
In the case of paints, which are only prepared for use immediately before application by mixing
several constituents (e.g. multi-constituent types), the various constituents should be of such a
kind that mixing at site is restricted to the necessary extent.
Paints and filling cements selected for the protection of steel or aluminium alloys against
corrosion, for which no regulations, permit conditions or technical conditions of delivery exist,
may be used if proven suitable, by the Bidder/Contractor, for the necessary degree of protection
against corrosion, and after approval of ADDC/AADC.
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Adhesion tests outlined in Article 7.4.2, ASTM A 123-84, shall be performed, at the discretion of
ADDC/AADC.
Where members are of such length that they cannot be dipped in one operation, great care shall
be exercised to prevent wrapping. All holes in material shall be free of excess spelter after
galvanizing. All material shall be safeguarded against embrittlement during galvanizing. The
Zinc coating shall be uniform in thickness and so applied that it will adhere to the surface of the
steel.
Major damage to galvanizing shall be cause for rejection. Material on which galvanizing has
been damaged shall be re-dipped unless the damage is minor and local then it can be repaired by,
simply, applying galvanizing repair paint or hot zinc spray to the satisfaction of ADDC/AADC.
For protection during transport and erection, all galvanized steel members shall be coated with a
suitable pre-primer with minimum thickness of 40 micron and matching the primer to be applied
after erection. The primer shall be subject to ADDC/AADC’s approval.
If not otherwise specified, galvanized steel surfaces shall be chromated with approximately 4-
micron thickness and shall be removed by suitable means prior to painting.
Single items such as cable trays, fences, etc. shall be galvanized, and PVC covered if so
approved by ADDC/AADC.
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Extra amounts of paint sufficient for all repairs shall be made available and shall be applied to all
surfaces after erection and before commissioning of equipment, if so required.
The final coat shall preferably comply with code RAL 7032 "Grey" or as directed or otherwise
approved by ADDC/AADC.
In any case, at an early stage the Bidder/Contractor shall explain, in great detail, all corrosion
protection measures he intends to take, indicate the relevant standards for testing the applied
measures, and apply for ADDC/AADC's approval of the above mentioned steps.
The workshop priming coats are to be tested and faults repaired according to the specifications
before applying further coats of paint.
Steel parts, which are to be welded at site, shall be free from workshop coats along the welding
seams, the width of the free strip being approximately 5 cm.
Workshop priming coats applied shall be of rust preventing material, which depends on the
intended use and on the length of time until the final protection is applied. Should the protection
coat show signs of damage, repairs should be made in good time. Shop primers applied for
transportation/storage purposes shall be removed at site by shot blasting and the full coating
system shall then be applied.
8 REPAIR PROCEDURES
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To ensure the suitability of paints the Bidder/Contractor shall execute sample tests at site. Such
panels must be approved and shall be used as reference for quality control.
These tests shall be carried out at a very early stage of the contract period and no paint shall be
ordered beforehand. Final selection of the paint is subject to the approval of ADDC/AADC,
depending on the results of the above mentioned site tests.
10.1 Cleaning and Surface Preparation of Ferrous and Non Ferrous Surfaces
Surfaces shall be cleaned and prepared for painting in accordance with the following regulations
and specifications:
Chemical cleaning and surface preparation/etching
Mechanical hand cleaning according to SIS 05 5900
Blast cleaning of steel surfaces with abrasive as approved by ADDC/AADC and according
to SIS 05 5900 SA2.5 or SA3 or equivalent.
Aluminum and other light metals shall have their surfaces cleaned and degreased by a detergent
such as trichloroethylene prior to painting. A one coat of a wash-primer shall be applied before
proceeding with the specified coating system. Wash-primer shall be applied in a very thin film (5
- 10 microns) direct on pre-treated surfaces.
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10.4.1 General
This article covers, besides the painting of work fabricated at site, also repair painting of
damaged surfaces originally corrosion protected at the manufacturer's premises.
For general performance and application under local climate conditions, reference is made to
Standard Technical Specification, Part:
S-AA-GEN-GDF - General Conditions
All surfaces shall be carefully dried and cleaned prior to painting; in particular, removal of all
foreign matters such as salt, grease, dust, sand, dirt, and rust (if applicable) is of utmost
importance. Sand blasting to SA2.5.
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Then the following painting systems shall be applied complying with the requirements as specified
below.
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If any hot-dip galvanised steel parts will be provided, e.g. for access ladders etc., the same
painting methods as above shall be applied. However, instead of a primer coat as specified above
one adhesive base coat shall be applied. In this case, the minimum thickness of galvanising shall
be 55 m. However, a two-component epoxy zinc-dust coat instead of hot dip galvanising is
preferred.
In case of any kind of aluminium and/or ordinary stainless steel (Cr-Ni alloyed only) the primer
coat as above may be omitted, and the minimum thickness of the “intermediate” coat and of the
top coat as specified above shall be at least 50 m each (total min.100 m).
The final coat of painting shall be non-porous and of homogeneous quality and shall be of a
uniform shade of colour code RAL 7032 (pebble-grey). For OLTC equipment and sub-supplier’s
accessories only, the colour code as per manufacturer’s standard may also be accepted, on condition
that a two-component epoxy based undercoat (minimum thickness 80 m) and a two-component
polyurethane based top coat (minimum thickness 80 m) will be applied. The total dry-film
thickness shall not be less than 160 m.
Mechanical damage of painting shall be repaired at site with the same original type of painting as
above.
10.5.2 Internal Surfaces of Transformer/Reactor Tank, Cover, Core Steel Plates, etc.)
Inside the transformer and rector vessel, sand-blasting shall be performed in accordance with
DIN 55928 Part 4 (equivalent to SIS 055900). After that, an oil-resistant insulating coating shall
be applied to all steel surfaces in contact with the oil (e.g. tank, cover, core steel plates, etc.).
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The minimum dry-film thickness shall be 35 m. The applicable colour code shall be RAL 9010
(white) or equivalent.
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Prime coat : Inorganic ethyl Zinc Silicate. Dry film thickness 75 microns. Solids
by volume min. 65%.
At Site
Pre-treatment : Thorough cleaning to remove oil, grease, dirt and any other
contaminants. De-rusting of all mechanical damages according to
SIS 055900
Grade : ST3
Touch-up : with 2-pack self priming aluminium containing high build epoxy
with solids by volume content of not less than 85%
Dry film thickness : 75-100 m
Finish coat : 2-pack epoxy polyamide. Dry film thickness 100 microns. Solids
by vol. min. 70%.
Minimum Total System
Dry film thickness : 175 m
Note:
When airless spray application is not possible, 2 coats of 2-pack epoxy Polyamide cured finish
may be applied by roller or brush to achieve specified thickness.
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Inaccessible surface e.g. back to back members shall be painted prior to site erection.
In highly restricted areas, all towers and structures above specified height, application of the red
and white bands shall be in accordance with Annex 14, Aerodromes, Chapter 6, paragraph 6.2.5
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of the International Standards and Recommended Practices issued by the International Civil
Aviation Organization, and shall be subject to ADDC/AADC's approval.
Galvanized structures, such as towers, supporting structures and gantries located 70 km away
from the coastal line need not to be painted unless else specified.
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